CHAPTER 1 1)
The major groups of microorganisms studied by microbiologists include
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A) bacteria B) plants C) helminths D) algae E) fungi F) viruses G) archaea H) protozoa
2)
Select all answers that are roles played by microorganisms in our environment.
A) B) C) D)
Carry out photosynthesis Biological decomposition Nutrient recycling Complex relationships with animals but not plants
3) Select statements that apply to the theory of evolution to test your understanding of evolution.
A) Has undergone years of testing B) Is a new untested hypothesis C) Has not been disproven D) Lacks supportive evidence E) Is a well-established natural phenomenon
4)
Which of the following are correctly matched?
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A) Bacteria—no nucleus B) Bacteria—true nucleus C) Archaea—true nucleus D) Archaea—no nucleus E) Eukaryotes—true nucleus F) Eukaryotes—no nucleus
5)
Select the main groups of macromolecules found in living things.
A) Nucleic acids B) Oxygen C) Carbon dioxide D) Lipids E) Proteins F) Carbohydrates
6)
Select the nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides that make up RNA.
A) Guanine B) Uracil C) Thymine D) Adenine E) Cytosine
7)
Select the nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides that make up DNA.
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A) Guanine B) Uracil C) Thymine D) Adenine E) Cytosine
8)
Select characteristics exhibited by all cells.
A) Cytoplasmic membrane B) Nucleus C) DNA D) Ribosomes E) Cell wall F) Organelles
9)
Select all areas that comprise the main aspects of the science of taxonomy. A) Classification B) Genetics C) Nomenclature D) Analysis E) Identification
10)
When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called
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A) bioremediation B) genetic engineering C) epidemiology D) immunology E) taxonomy
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11)
Which of the following is not considered a microorganism?
A) Mosquito B) Protozoan C) Bacterium D) Virus E) Fungus
12)
All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that
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A) cause human disease B) lack a cell nucleus C) are infectious particles D) are too small to be seen with the unaided eye E) can only be found growing in laboratories
13)
Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
A) Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors B) A microbiologist using the microscope to study bacteria C) Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds D) Escherichia coli producing human insulin E) Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community
14)
Living things ordinarily too small to be seen with the unaided eye are termed
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A) bacteria B) viruses C) parasites D) microorganisms E) prokaryotes
15) The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called .
A) decomposers B) prokaryotes C) pathogens D) eukaryotes E) fermenters
16) Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells have traditionally been called . A) decomposers B) prokaryotes C) pathogens D) eukaryotes E) fermenters
17)
The first cells appeared about
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A) 5.2 B) 4.6 C) 3.8 D) 2.9 E) 1.5
18)
Which of the following is not a human use of microorganisms?
A) Making bread B) Treating water and sewage C) Manufacturing copper wire D) Mass producing antibiotics E) Cleaning up oil spills
19)
Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of .
A) biotechnology B) bioremediation C) decomposition D) immunology E) epidemiology
20)
Disease-causing microorganisms are called
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A) decomposers B) prokaryotes C) pathogens D) eukaryotes E) fermenters
21)
The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are
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A) AIDS-related diseases B) diarrheal diseases C) malaria diseases D) measles E) respiratory diseases
22) Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of microorganisms?
A) Cause human disease B) Lack a nucleus C) Cannot be seen without a microscope D) Contain genetic material E) Lack cell structure
23)
Helminths are
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A) bacteria B) protozoa C) molds D) parasitic worms E) infectious particles
24) Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A) Viruses B) Bacteria C) Parasites D) Fungi E) Helminths
25)
Which statement correctly compares the sizes of different microorganisms? A) B) C) D)
Bacteria are larger than viruses Bacteria are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms Eukaryotic microorganisms are smaller than viruses Archaea are larger than eukaryotic microorganisms but smaller than bacteria
26) The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was .
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A) Francesco Redi B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek C) Louis Pasteur D) Joseph Lister E) Robert Koch
27)
Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that
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A) microbes are found on dust particles B) a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease C) life forms can only arise from preexisting life forms D) a specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom E) microbes can be used to clean up toxic spills
28) was
The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery .
A) Joseph Lister B) Ignaz Semmelweis C) Robert Koch D) Louis Pasteur E) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
29)
Sterility refers to
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A) being pathogen free B) having an absence of spores C) having an absence of any life forms and viral particles D) being pasteurized E) being homogenized
30)
Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis?
A) Joseph Lister B) Ignaz Semmelweis C) Robert Koch D) Louis Pasteur E) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
31) If you were a microbiologist in 1950, which of the following scientific principles would you already know? A) Aseptic techniques could reduce the number of wound infections in the surgical setting. B) Biofilms can form on implanted objects in the human body and be responsible for infection. C) Enzymes found in bacteria can be used to cut DNA. D) Very little DNA is transcribed into RNA that is then translated into proteins.
32)
Taxonomy does not involve
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A) nomenclature B) classification C) taxa D) identification E) common name
33) Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms?
A) Nomenclature B) Taxonomy C) Phylogeny D) Woesean classification E) None of the choices are correct.
34)
The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called
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A) classification B) identification C) nomenclature D) experimentation E) biotechnology
35)
Which of the following is a taxon that contains all the other taxa listed?
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A) Species B) Phylum C) Kingdom D) Genus E) Family
36)
The smallest and most significant taxon is
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A) genus B) species C) kingdom D) family E) phylum
37)
Select the correct descending taxonomic hierarchy:
A) family, order,class B) family, genus,species C) genus, species,family D) class, phylum,order E) kingdom, domain,phylum
38)
Which of the following is a scientific name?
A) Gram-positive streptococcus B) Staphylococcus C) Streptococcuspyogenes D) Anthrax E) Streptobacilli
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39)
When assigning a scientific name to an organism,
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A) the species name is capitalized B) the species name is placed first C) the species name can be abbreviated D) both genus and species names are capitalized E) both genus and species names are italicized or underlined
40)
The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called
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A) biotechnology B) genetics C) recombinant DNA D) phylogeny E) taxonomy
41) Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time?
A) Morphology B) Phylogeny C) Evolution D) Genetics E) None of thechoices is correct.
42) A scientist studying the sequence of nucleotides in the rRNA of a bacterial species is working on .
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A) determining evolutionary relatedness B) bioremediation C) recombinant DNA D) nomenclature E) determining if that species is the cause of a new disease
43)
The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains is(are) . A) Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur B) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek C) Carl Woese and George Fox D) Robert Whittaker E) Francesco Redi
44)
Which scientific name is written correctly?
A) Staphylococcusaureus B) staphylococcusaureus C) Staphylococcus Aureus D) Staphylococcus aureus E) STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
45) Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element atoms.
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bonded to other
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A) carbon B) nitrogen C) oxygen D) hydrogen E) phosphorous
46)
Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of
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A) hydrophobic molecules B) electrolytic molecules C) repeating monomers D) repeating carbohydrates E) hydrogen bonds
47)
All of the following are monosaccharides except
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A) glucose B) glycogen C) fructose D) ribose E) deoxyribose
48)
All of the following are polysaccharides except
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A) glycogen in liver and muscle B) agar used to make solid culture media C) a cell's glycocalyx D) cellulose in certain cell walls E) prostaglandins in inflammation
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49)
All of the following are lipids except
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A) cholesterol B) starch C) phospholipid D) wax E) triglyceride
50)
What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails?
A) Fatty acids B) Glycerol C) Phosphate D) Alcohol E) All of thechoices are correct.
51) A fat is called if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to two other carbons and two hydrogens. A) unsaturated B) polyunsaturated C) monounsaturated D) saturated E) None of the choices are correct.
52)
The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is
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A) prostaglandins B) waxes C) phospholipids D) steroids E) triglycerides
53)
The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is the
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A) prostaglandins B) waxes C) phospholipids D) steroids E) triglycerides
54)
The building blocks of an enzyme are
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A) nucleotides B) glycerol and fatty acids C) monosaccharides D) phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids E) amino acids
55)
Which is not true about enzymes?
A) They are found in all cells. B) They are catalysts. C) Their shape determines their function. D) They can be denaturated by heat and other agents. E) They have high-energy bonds between phosphates.
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56) Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure?
A) Valine B) Cysteine C) Serine D) Alanine E) Tyrosine
57)
What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids?
A) Glycosilic B) Ester C) Peptide D) Disulfide E) Phosphate
58)
The alpha helix is a type of
protein structure.
A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) None of thechoices is correct.
59)
One nucleotide contains
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A) one phosphate B) one pentose sugar C) one nitrogen base D) All of the choices are correct E) None of the choices are correct.
60)
Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA?
A) Contains ribose B) Contains adenine C) Contains thymine D) Contains uracil E) Contains nucleotides
61)
ATP is best described as
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A) an enzyme B) a double helix C) an electron carrier D) the energy molecule of cells E) All of thechoices are correct.
62) You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical? A) B) C) D)
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DNA RNA ATP Phospholipid
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63) A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution. If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose?
A) Amino acids B) Hydrogen and oxygen atoms C) Nitrogen and phosphorus D) Fatty acids E) Carbon atoms
64)
Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all
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A) nucleic acids B) carbohydrates C) polysaccharides D) amino acids E) enzymes
65)
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
A) Uracil B) Adenine C) Thymine D) Cytosine E) All of these arepyrimidines.
66)
During protein synthesis,
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RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA.
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A) B) C) D)
67)
Characteristics shared by all cells include
A) B) C) D)
68)
transfer messenger ribosomal All of the choices are correct.
a membrane serving as a cell boundary the possession of genetic information the presence of cellular fluid All of thesechoices are correct.
The purine
A) B) C) D)
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always binds with the pyrimidine
in DNA and RNA.
guanine; cytosine cytosine; guanine adenine; guanine thymine; guanine
69) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between humans and microbes?
A) The majority of microorganisms that colonize humans are pathogenic B) Microorganisms are benefited from their colonization of humans, whereas humans are unaffected by the relationship C) Humans are colonized by bacteria and fungi, but not viruses D) Not only do the majority of colonizing bacteria cause no harm to humans, the relationship is beneficial for both microbe and human host
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70)
Which list correctly ranks the microorganisms from largest to smallest?
A) Zika virus, Bacillus anthracis, Aspergillis sp., Helminth B) Aspergillis sp., Zika virus, Bacillus anthracis, Helminth C) Bacillus anthracis, Helminth, Aspergillis sp., Zika virus D) Helminth, Aspergillis sp., Bacillus anthracis, Zika virus E) Helminth, Aspergillis sp., Zika virus, Bacillus anthracis
71) The Nobel Prize was awarded to Kary Mullis in 1993 for inventing what technique to amplify and subsequently analyze DNA?
A) Polymerase chain reaction B) The central dogma of biology C) Restriction enzyme analysis D) Human microbiomeproject E) Small RNA analysis
72) Which of the following statements correctly determines the process when following the scientific method?
A) B) C) D)
73)
Formulate question, conduct research, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis Propose hypothesis, test hypothesis, formulate question, conduct research Formulate question, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis, conduct research Conduct research, formulate question, propose hypothesis, test hypothesis
Which of the features listed below is not found in all cells?
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