Published by Utah State University Extension and Utah Plant Pest Diagnostic Laboratory
IPM-012-11
February 2011
Critical Temperatures for Frost Damage on Fruit Trees Marion Murray, IPM Project Leader
The following table, developed by Washington State University, lists Fahrenheit temperatures for each stage of development at which 10% and 90% bud kill occurs after 30 minutes exposure. The percentage bud kill which causes crop
reduction will vary with each crop. For example, to have a full crop of cherries requires well over 50% bud survival in most years, while apples, pears, and peaches may only need 10-15% bud survival.
A P P L E
Silver Tip
Green Tip
Half-Inch Green
Tight Cluster
First Pink (Pink)
Full Pink (Open Cluster)
First Bloom (King Bloom)
Full Bloom and Post-bloom
10%
15
18
23
27
28
28
28
28
90%
2
10
15
21
24
25
25
25
Swollen Bud (Scale Separation)
Bud Burst (Blossom Buds Exposed)
Green Cluster (Tight Cluster)
White Bud (First White, Popcorn)
Full White
First Bloom (King Blossom)
Full Bloom
Petal Fall (Post-bloom)
10%
15
20
24
25
26
27
28
28
90%
0
6
15
19
22
23
24
24
P E A R
A P R I C O T
First Swell (Bud Swell)
Tip Separation (Swollen Bud)
First White
First Bloom
Full Bloom
In the Shuck (Petal Fall)
Shuck Split (Post-bloom)
10%
15
20
24
25
27
27
28
90%
---
0
14
19
22
24
25
Swollen Bud (First Swell)
Bud Burst (Green Tip)
Tight Cluster
White Bud (First White, Popcorn)
First Bloom
Full Bloom
Post-bloom
10%
17
25
26
27
28
28
28
90%
5
14
17
24
25
25
25
10%
15
26
26
28
28
28
90%
0
22
24
24
24
25
Swollen Bud (First Swell)
Calyx Green
Quarter-Inch Green (Calyx Red)
Pink (First Pink)
First Bloom
Full Bloom
Post-bloom
10%
18
21
23
25
26
27
28
90%
1
5
9
15
21
24
25
C H E R R Y SWEET
TART
P E A C H
N E C T A R I N E
PLUM
Swollen Bud
Side White
Green Tip
Tight Cluster
First White
First Bloom
Full Bloom
Post-bloom
10%
14
17
20
24
26
27
28
28
90%
0
3
7
16
22
23
23
23
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