The Messenger, Vol., 17, No. 4 by UR Scholarship Repository

VOL. XVII.

JANUARY,1891.

No.4.

EDITORS.

{--'.R.T.

Mu Sigma Rho:

GREGORY,

J. G. POLLARD, H. T. BURNLEY.

J. M.

BURNETT,

Philologian:{ W. L. HAY.Es, ' w. H. RYLAND.

Business Mana,qer-0. G. TRUMBO. ,Assistant Business Manager-H. T.

LOUTHAN.

FRIENDSHIP,

Friendship may be define!l as a fellow-feeling existing between those whom some common tie unites. , From the earliest times there have existed common bonds of union. Common tastes, aims, and desires have drawn men together, and so friendship may claim to have arisen in the first community of men who peopled the infant world. In all the ages which have since passed over our Mother Earth friendship has been a prominent factor in the lives of Ulen. Portrayed in the lives of David and Jonathan we find a friendship of the highest, noblest type. That love which "passeth even the love of wo-

man" cannot fail to excite in our hearts a deep and sympathetic interest. Who would not be touched by the great and unselfish devotion of Damon and Pythias? In our day, too, there are friends no less faithful, hearts no less warm and true, to brighten the dark clouds of earthly sor.row and sin. Every walk and period of life is cheered by the genial presence of friendship. The poorest peasant derives pleasure and inspiration from communion with his fellow peaf'ant; the richest king finds in friendship joys that Âˇ money cannot buy. Through the influence of social intercourse life is,

RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.

from the toddling steps of infancy to the hoary hairs of old age, made wiser and happier. Man is by nature a social being, and so, to gratify his desire for society, forms bonds of friendship. He is, too, an imitative being, and for this reason is greatly influenced in his actions, purposes, and desires by the character of his associates. By frequent intercourse, and by exchange of ideas, sentiments, and thoughts, the whole trend of his lifehis manner of thinking, his views of things, bis aims and desires-undergoes a change. This influence of friend upon friend extends from the petty affairs of everyday life to problems of' the greatest import-problems upon whose decision may rest' the happiness or Âˇmisery of a lifetime . All kinds and classes of men yield homage to the pursuasive voice of friendship; men of the strongest will and greatest individuality swerve from their course at its bidding. Whafprinciple, then, should guide us in our choice of friends? Manifestly we should seek those with whom we have something in common; those whose tastes and dispositions are such that they wo,uld not be antag?nistic to social inter-

course; whose hearts are kind, whose views are broad, whose aims are lofty. A friend, too; must be one with whom we can consult, or to whom we can look for advice-one of such a character that by our intercourse we should become mutually wiser and better. If deprived of friendship, what happiness would remain to man ? To paint the darkest picture of unhappy humanity we need only to say, -without a friend. A friend 's warm smile or pleasant greeting lightens the daily tasks of life, soothes the stricken heart, cheers the downcast soul. The exchange of plans and aims, the pleasant social chats, the gatherings around the fireside, all tend-because of the i3ympathy and interest they imply-to produce a happier state of mind. In good, true friendships are many and great advantages. Mutual encouragement and strength are given. The discouraged heart and wavering resolution receive in friendship the needed cheer and inspiration. The narr .ow limits of self are forgotten; the . mind seeks a higher and more extended plane. 0. M. L.

s1>:m:mcH OF C. 'Ji. TAYLO:ti. SPEEOHOF 0. T. TAYLOR,OF THEPIDLOLOGIAN SOOIETY, FIRST"AFFIRMATIV.E

QUESTION:

IN CONTEST

WITH

THE

RANDOLPH

SOCIETY,

DECEMBER

12, 1890.

Resolved, That money is a more influential factor in the affairs of the world thari is mind.

Judges, Members of the Randolph and influenced by money rather than . Philologian Societies, Ladies and . mind. It may be that you are not. Gentlemen : However these things may be, we We of the affirmative of this are not here to-night to consider question realize that we repre- what is pleasant and elevating, or sent a rather unattractive phase what ought to be the influential of it. The view which we bold is factor in the affairs of the world; one which most intellectual folks, but what has been and now actuat least, would not like to admit ally is. with reference to themselves. Our Our question is not one of oostheopponents will come forward and tics, nor indeed one of ethics. Were hold up their view as the lofty one. it either of these, we might theorize They will, perhaps, tell you of the and moralize upon it. The gentlehigh place given to mind by many men of the negative might give you distinguished philosophers. They some very fine-spun theories, and may quote Shakespeare's lines in display considerable knowledge of which he says: moral law. But the question being of the positive, mathematical nature " 'Tis the mind that makes the body rich ; that it is, our speculations must be And as the ·sun breaks through the darkest clouds, restricted mainly to the realm of So honor peereth in the meanest habit. · fact. · We must consider those What, is the jay more precious than the lark, things which have come before us in Because his feathers are more beautiful? the world's affairs and are continually Or is the adder better than the eel, Because his painted skin contents the eye? " confronting us from day to day. We see an average man, on the Tbey may tell you that money inright side of whom is a man with fluences only the mean, low, and a thousand dollars asking him to do corruptible, and tends to lower a certain thing, and offering him the rather than , elevate man ; ,vhile mind and all its influences tend to money if he will only comply with raise the world to a higher plane of the request. On the left side . is a man with no money, but with a action. By their strains of eloquence they strong, logical mind, which yields may' make you feel that it is really strong arguments to persuade the dishonorable to admit that you are average man to act just the opposite

lUCHMOND COLLEGE

to what the man on the right tells him. Which of the. two does the ·average man obey? To make the illustration more definite: Send out two men in a political campaign, the one with money, and the other with mind. Which will get the largest number of votes? Has not this question been decided long ago, and is it not being decided election after election? We have not the time to go over the whole political record of this country and others. Your patience would be exhausted long before we could finish. Suffice it to mention some of the more recent instances. Ou~·lamented Garfield was elected President by the power of the money expended in the canvass. Levi P. Morton furnished a large amount of this money, and as a re turn was, in spite of his disqualification, sent as a minister to France. We find Morton also running for Vice-President because of the mon€y he owned and c.ollected. Blaine, in the midst of his campaign, held a meeting atDelmonico's, in New York, and raised one-half a million dollars, and as a consequence ·came very near being elected. Harrison beat Cleveland b~cause the Republicans controlled the money and used it so extensively. Do not under~tand me to be censuring or slandering the Republican party more than the Democratic. Tbe difference is, the Republicans have the money and the Democrats have not. If the Democrats had had the money Cleveland would doubtless be occupying t~e Whit e Honse to-day.

MESSENGER.

Wanamaker raised four hundred thousand dollars for that campaign, and as a return was elevated from town councillor ·to postmaster-general. Dissatisfaction is the result, and well justified dissatisfaction. What could cause such strides but money? Where mind operates it works gradually, and in most cases surely; but money goes by great strides, and often falls into great pits. You understand that we are not claiming this as the proper basis, but are simply citing facts. Some may doubt that such has been the case, but some of the leaders themselves have acknowledged the truth. How do you account for the fact that ,in a certain State, not very long ago, there was a great flood of five-dollar bills just before an election, and then an overwhelming Republican majority when the election came off? . This, you remember, was the case with W. W. Dudley in Indiana. I don't suppose any one will be bold enough to deny these facts and try to prove the contrary; but my · opponents may want to say that the time · has now come when money ceases to hold its sway in the political world, and may want to instance the last E1lectionto prove that fact. We grant that the direct influence of the money put forth was not so great as usual, but pleaee note the following reasons for its not doing so. It was an ·off election, and not so much money used as in presidential elections. ·where it was used plentifu11y it was very effective. For example, in Heed's district, where it was spread by the candidate himself, '

SPEECH

OF C. T. TAYLOR.

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his majority was increased to three thousand more than at his former election, in spite of his unpopular ruling. McKinley, who was at one time thought to be very, very far behind his opponents, went to work and made his minority only a few hundred. Then, again, the bills which had been introduced by the money party were such as would entail great loss on the people generally. 'l'his the people saw very clearly, and rose up and gave their voice against such measures. We find, therefore, that money was at the bottom of it all. What was the cry all through _the land but that ·prices would be exorbitant under the 'McKinley bill? It was not an instance in which men could receive a small bribe to vote, and feel that it did not make any difference which party was in power. They saw that they would be great losers, and that immediately, if 'they did not check the prosecution of Republican plans. Hear what some say about it : London 1¥mes, Nov. ·6.-" The McKinley tariff has caused 'a general advance in prices,' and it stands conden1ned by the sovereign people because it ' has affected the r ublic pocket.'" Baltimore Sun, Nov. 6._j_" The McKinley bill is a war tariff enacted in time of peace; and its effect is to restore war prices, without the ju,stification of a depreciated currency.'' Buffalo Times, Nov. 5.-" The robber tariff policy, promulgated by McKinley and backed by the warped Republican press.'' Chicago .Herald, Nov. 6.-"An in-

solent and avaricious protected class, grown rich on the plunder of the people, set up an offensive tyranny in the House of Representatives, and with . its aid passed a tariff tax bill that was intended to oppress the people and to enrich the men in whose interest it was designed. The answer of the people is a House of Representatives having an overwhelming Democratic majority. · New York Times, Nov. 18.-" The McKinley bill was intended to advance prices, and it did. * * >I; If this had been confined to a few branches of trade the result would have been more moderate and slower in coming, though it would surely have come in the long run. But the bill was not confined to a few trades; it was made very extensive-almost universal. * * * The advance was made sharp and sudden and considerable. * * * "It was the same way in many differ.ent direction s. Almost every tax that increased the profit on one commodity increased the cost and cut down or destroyed the profit of another, and frequently on a whole series of others. The device of compensating duties on the finished product ·was in vain. At the end they fell on the consumer; the consumer rebelled, stopped or diminished his purchases, and took his revenge by voting for the reform candidate, or at least staying at home on election day. In every branch of business, in every grade of life, the dreaded and hated uncertainty was produced and laid, justly for the most part, at the door of the Republican party."

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

.Ashbel P. Fitch, of NewYork,in North American Review, November." What Republican candidate for Congress announced that, if he were elected, he proposed to vote to allow certain manufacturers to arrange for themselves, in the room of the Committee on Ways and Means, the prices at which they would allow the consumers of the country to buy their goods? " But what were some of the influences that led men of ordinary sense to take steps which would result in their dethronement? The fact that the money of wealthy manufacturei;s put them in office, and those manufacturers demanded as a return protection for their manufactures. This was a retarn which must be given at the expense of the poor people of the land. Nevertheless it was given. Surely men's minds don't prompt them to any such actions? Will the gentlemen of the negative claim this as the influence of mind? They must admit that money carried men of small intellectual calibre to Congress, or that money influenced sensible men to legislate in such an outrageous manner. Was mind the ruling factor in both these cases such results as we have seen could never have been brought about. There is also the pension bill, which according to the lowest estimate will swell the pension expenditures to one hundred and fifty million, or perhaps two hundred million dollars. The appropriations of the last Congress exceeded those of the preceding sess10n by about seventy million dollars. This enormous draft upon

MESSENGER.

the pockets of the people was made without any sufficient reason; and the people rose against it. In short, most of the seventeen thousand bills introduced during the first session of the Fifty-first Congress reached out to the public treasury. There may be some objection to some of this argument because party principles come into play. But consider the Tammany victory in New York city at the last election. Why should that society, which is branded as being the " most disgusting oligarchy civilized men have ever seenthe most vicious, the most ignorant, the most depraved, and the most barbarous"-have won a victory over what is said to be the moral and sensible people of the city, both Democratic and Republican ? But leave these fields and come to nominating conyentions. What do we find there? The question rises, who has or can control the most money for the campaign ? That man is found and nominated! because the delegates are sure that a man with ever so much mind would be defeated unless he had money to spend in the campaign. Look a moment at the late war, and we find that the South had just as able a general as the North-just as brave and determined men under him; but they had no money. 'l'he North had money, with which it employed the, world, and so overpowered the South. My opponents may make much of invention as the product of mind, and due almost entirely to mind. Let rue mention one point of many,

AMBITION. -

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and I must close. Many people wear rubber shoes in bad weather. Do you know that the material, while it ..first comes from .the vegetable world, is really a product of invention?

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1o find such a consistency as would stand both heat and cold Charles Goodyear spent two million dollars, and at last came upon the thing he wanted by accident.

AMBITION.

Truly was it said of Ornsar: " He · history tell whose prospects in early was a great man, but he was _ambi- life were bright, but whose ambition tious " ; and therein was his ruin. A wrought his ruin ere the l"l;Oontideof certain amount of ambition is neces- his glory-whose morning was as sary for success iq anything. No man one of May, but whose sun went can do any ·good or great thing who down in eternal darkness ! How has not himself a desire to become many a brave man with unrestrained good or great, because feeling gives ambition has fallen stained with the rise to all action, and must precede it. · bloo1l of his countrymen~ ·has <lied It might be said that ambition is uni- branded with the name of "rebel"! versal in the human race, for, para- '' How many a spirit born to bless doxical as it may seem, a mari entirely Has sunk berieath that withering name, Whom but a day's-an hour's success, destitute of it is not a man. Had wafted to eternal fame" ! It is often the' same spirit that aniActuated by unlimited ambition, mates the advocate in the legislative halls, the scientific investigator, and some-like Crnsar, Pompey, Crassus, the country boy turning somersaults Alexander, and Napoleon-have on a pile of straw in imitation of risen to the highest pinnacle of some traveiling circus acrobat. Of human greatness, then died in viocourse _each has a different object in lence or in shame. Others have falview, but the motive of each is the len in the very outset of their career. same-the 'accomplishment of some- Not only has it been the ruin of indithing not yet attainable. vidual men, but it has caused cities Though a moderate amount of to be razed to the ground and nations ·ambition, properly restrained, is es- to be rent asunder. Yet when the · sential to success, an undue a~ount, question is asked would we be better when not controlled, oftener leads to off without it, millions answer "No." ruin. Certainly it is sometimes as Scarcely any individual improvement unfortunate for the man who has too could be effected. much as for him who has too little; Ask what have ambitious men while it is often more damaging to done for the advancement of c1v1others. Of how · many men does lization in any part of the world.

RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.

For your answer turn to discovery, science, literature, art, invention, government, liberty. We have but to look to the history of our own fatherland to see what grand inventions, what great and needed reforms in government, personal liberty, education, and even in religion, have been instituted by men acting under selfish motives. Whether a great ambition 1s a blessmg or a curse to a man depend s largely on whether the man bas the ambition, or the ambition has the man. If it is unselfish and controlled b 1 better motives, he may do rnuch good in the world; but surrendering entirely to it, he becomes little less than a devil. The man of talent who is ambitious to rise in the world on bis own worth, and without abusing the rights of others, deserves all the success he is sure to meet; but he who mounts life's ladder of success by trampling on another's rights deserves to fall headforemost from the topmost round. Ambition, when the right kind, should be admired when not despised. A man desirous of becoming famous by good deeds must necessarily do those things which are admired by men, because it is by men he expects to be honored. He that is truly great or truly honored must do good in the world, and he that does most for his country or his fellow-man is most a<lmired. Of course

he .that does good for his country, and hopes at the same time to advance himself; deserves less credit than he who acts solely from patriotism; but cases of the latter are, like angels' visits, few anil far between. It is e,ven a debated point whether some degree of selfishness does not enter into all our actions. By listening to the seduc'tive voice of ambition Butr became a deserter of his country, and Arnold filled a traitor's grave; yet it may be equally true that a purer form of it had its share in shaping the noble life and actions of even our own great Washington ! So let every man, high or low, rich or poor, have some ambition. Let no man put an obstacle in the , way of another's rise. Give every one, of h(!wever humble or lowly origin he may be, the opportunity ' to raise himself above his surroundings. Were every man given an equal chance in the wod<l many more a glorious name would be carried down the track of the ages by the ever-revolving wheels of the chariot of history, illuminating the way on every side, and stimulating future generations to greater and better things. For, " Full many a gem of purest ray serene The dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear; Full many a 'flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its sweetness on the desert air.''

N. H.

· SPEECH 01!-;MR. Ii:. ·F. WILLIAMS.

SPEECHOF MR, H. F, WILLIAMS.

· [During a debate between the Philologian and Randolph Literary Societies on the question, " Resolved, That money is a more influential factor in the world's affairs than mind," Mr. H. F. Willia!Ils, of the Philologian Society, second on the affirmative, delivered the following speech: J I willingly concede all that my opponent has said about the dignity of mind. While mind is higher than money in its nature, money .is stronger than mind in the charms it has for men. In their eyes no picture is· so beautiful as the sheen of 'gold, and no prospects so alluring as those that promise wealth. The influence of mind over ~en doesn't follow from its dignity. Spirit is far higher and nobler than sense. It is that part within u~ which is akin to the eternal. Yet the great masses of men are dominated more by sense than by spirit. The stupendous power of money in the world is due to the fact that it ministers to sense, which is the master of men. To take another illustration, learning is of a higher order than luxury. But the great body of men prefer luxury. To show that mind is more dignified doesn't prove that it is more desired by men : The love of money is the strongest principle of human nature, and whatever gratifies this passion is master and monarch of men. There are thousands of vacancies in our schools and colleges, but where is there an empty space in the business

world? Commercialism is the spirit of the times; money-making is the passion of the age. The power of money includes both what men do with money and what they do for money. Money made is a mighty factor in the affairs of men. Money to be made is the great incentive force and energizing power of the world. It is the main-spring of nearly all human activity. The gentleman says it takes min~ to make money, and hence mind is superior to money. Many an acorn has produced a tree larger than that from which it fell. Many a son has ou:stripped his father. · Men make money, and then money makes men its slaves. He has told you, too, that money is a mere lifeless metal. I grant you, sir, that money cannot feel, but every city and country has felt its power. It cannot think, but it is something that a.11men think about. It has no tongue, but it speaks all languages and all men hear and heed its voice. It cannot move itself, but it sets the whole world in motion. My opponent has told you of the lasting influences of mind. He has gone back to 'Greece and Rome, as all young orators do; he has mentioned such poets as Homer and Virgil, whose genius still lives in their works. But how far does this influence extend? . How many people have ever read Homer or Virgil ? How many people know that such

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

men ever lived? The influence of these great minds still lives, but does not extend beyond a very narrow circle of classically educated people. He has named Plato, who is famous in the scientific world for his theory of ideas which nobody has ever been able to understand. He has referred also to Aristotle and his logic. But money is the mightiest logic in this world. Give me a hundred thousand dollars and I will pers·uads'l inore men in a day than you will with Aristotle's logic in a decade. My ·friend has also alluded to ·the great astronomer, Kepler, whose rriind went careeing among the stars, discovering new worlds and new laws. :But what influence have these discoveries exerted upon the sweltering masses of men who are working for meat and bread? ' The discovery of Kepler's laws never made a thousandth part of the stir in the world that the McKinley tariff law did, because the latter involved dollars and cents. The influence of these great minds does not extend beyond a few centres of learning and a small number of educated people, but the power of money reaches every man. And then think you, sir, that money dies when the possessor passes · away? I would point you to all the colleges and charitable institutions which money has founded and supports . . The influence of this money will last as long as their walls shall st!lnd. Richmond College will perpetuate forever the influence of the • fortune of James Thomas and her other generous benefactors. Where

MESSENGER.

is there in all the , annals of history a mind whose gigantic proportions will reach farther down the centuries than George Peabody's millions? When the recollections of great minds grow dim with age, and when their influence shall pass with length of years and be buried beneath the centuries and the rubbish of time, the fortune and power of George Peabody will remain intact and undiminished. Then look at the great power of money il'l material development and progress; and this is one of the greatest factors in civilization. Money converts the forest into :field. It builds cities, opens up newterri_tories, starts the tide of immigration, and realizes the possibilities of a co_untry. We talk about the wonderful progress of the S~:rnth,and every true Southern heart leaps and bounds with joy at sight of her glorious prospects. Already her skies are aglow with the break of a new day and the dawn of a new era. What has done it? The wealth that has poured into her from the North and that has gushed from her own soil. Gaze upon the mat·vellous trans, formations in Southwest Virginia. Men look on in astonishment and behold cities born in a day. They spring into existence by magic. We say, what magic? The magic of money. Money employs armies of soldiers in war, and armies of laborers in peace. It makes individuals influential and nations powerful. · Money is supreme in the business world. Here the extent of a man's influence is measured by the amount

SPEECH OF MR. H.F. WILLIAMS. of his capital , Who makes the corners, determines the supply, -regulates the prices, :fixes the value of stoc1Fs,and legislates generally for the business world? The man who controls the most capital is king ·of this great empire. Look at the great monopolies; witness their marvellous influence in this country. Whence do they spring, and•on what do they feed? The ·ablest statesmen of the land have s.triven in vain to check their power. Money bids defiance to law, and laughs at the mind that antagonizes it. Money rules the .social . world. What determines the class of society to which a-man or woman shall belong? Is it ancestry? Is it mind? Is it moral c~aracter? No! Guild a man with gold, and he will pass anywhere. My colleague has told you of the influence of money in the political world. Here its power is beyond computation. What is it that . has so corrupted our pblitics? Money. This is the leaven that has permeated and poisoned the entire lump. It has made whiskey one of the most potent factors in the politics of to-day; it has elevated corrupt and unscrupulous men to place and power; it has bribed city councillors; it has disgraced the halls of legislation; it has overridden the voice of the people, which is supposed to be the :,upreme power of the republic. So widespread is this evil and so deeprooted this canker that many farsighted statesmen already begin to fear the fall of our fair fabric of freedom. .There is great danger that democracy will give place to plu-

tocracy. Witness the great conflict ,between capital and labor. The laborers have the majority a hundred to 011e; they have the sympathy of the body of the people; many of · the ablest minds are on their side; the most eloquent tongues plead their cause; th,ey · are thoroughly organized. And yet with all these odds against it capital maintains its supremacy without exertion. Labor holds its great conventions and makes its protest; she institutes her great strikes, and wages war on her enemies; she plants her guns and thunders awa-y aCthe granite walls of capital. But all . in vain. The capitalists are undisturbed. The laborers without exception are forced to submit and return to serve again the masters they hate. There has been a great deal of improvement during late years in the line of labor-savi11g machinery. Productive power has been greatly increased, and yet all these improvements have not dimin]shed poverty one iota. There are as many people begging bread to-day as there ever was. Want liyes in as many homes ·and destitution prevails as widely as it ever did. For example, there have been great improvements in farming facilities, and yet ,agriculture never suffered such depression as it does to-day. Why is it that these improvements have failed to improve the condition of the masses? Why is it that this multiplied productive power has not relieved destitution ? This is the enigma of our times. Some say it is due to ov~r-production. Non sense ! Do n~ople: sJarve be-

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cause they have too much to live on? Where is the limit to the power of The trouble is that wealth has reaped . money in this world? It cannot all the benefit : Corporation and buy - honor, ·but it can buy honorcapitalist, by their marvellous power, able places; it cannot purchase have laid their hands on these i m- wisdom, but with i.t I can employ provements and subsidized them. the ablest philosophers to serve .my They have turned into their own purpose ; it can't paiut, but with it reservoirs the streams that ought to I can surround myeelf with the have flooded the land with plenty masterpieces of the world; it makes and dissipated destitution forever. no discoveries, but "for it inventors The railroads put a few dollars into pile the products of their genius at the farmer's pocket and empty mil- my feet. There is nothing that lions into the coffers or' the corpora- mind ever produced, that nature tion. The factory gives the laborer ever made-nothing on the land and a dollar, and the capitalist a thou- nothing in the sea-that money cansand. Accumulated wealth brings not buy. Give me enough money multiplied power-a powerthatgathand I will make the greatest mind e·rs everything to itself, that forces my opponents can ·name my servant. even the laws to favor and foster its He will be quick to hear and swift to own operations and swell its volume obey my orders. Where is the mind · to resistless proportions. Whence that can thus command men ? Gecomes this gigantic wealth? Whence nius brings her richest spoils and arise these collossal fortunes? It is throws them at the feet of gold. the power of money to make money, Money lays all things under tribute · to force men and machines, laws to itself. and laborers, to subserve its purThis world is a workshop, and all poses and add to its dimensions; and men are working for money. This mind strives in vain to check Hs world is a stage, and all men are march. The money kings are the actors, and they act bec~use they are most influential men in this country . . paid. This world is a race _track, We acknowledge their great power and all men are in th .e race for by thus denominating them kings. wealth. This world is a market, and · Jay Gould is the most powerful man all men are bqyers and sellers, and in America to-day. What is it that money is the means of this traffic. money cannot do? There are a 'rhis world is a fair, and mouey takes thousand barriers that hinder and the -premium every time. This bafile mind. Poverty hampers edu- world is an auction, and the prize is cation. "Chill penury freezes the awarded to the highest bidder with_This world is an genial current of the f:Oul." The no- out exception. blest causeB, supported by the great- amphitheatre, and those occupy the est minds, languish either from lack highest seats who have the most of money or on account of the op- money. . This world is a shrine, and position of wealth, which bids de- all men worship the god of gold. fiance to every opposing power.

DEFEAT.

Defeat is not easily defined in its fullest sense, and though it is a characterizing feature attending human .action that has asserted its claim upon universal recognition, i.t remains, for all that, enveloped in the mysteries of the ways past findind out. It is that which thwarts anticipation and with merciless interception comes between ambition and attainment. If you would know defeat as it is, be not content with its mere semblance. Look to life's canvass and see its veritable portrayal. Subject your surroundings to careful scrutiny, and from daily association and contact with the world glea~ stores " of observation. If we are so woful1y stupid as not to exercise vigilance, we shall ere long arouse from unnatural slumber and find ourselves in need of the power that wields the sceptre over unfavorable circumstances. We shall be unequal to the emergencies of restless and resistless ti.me, and i.n th~ field of action, bordered on , all sides by grand possibilities, we shall be but poorly equipped for unavoidable encounters. It is good for us to cultivate our faculties of discernment, and thus gain strength that will be requisite in the praiseworthy endurance of adversity. Man is exposed to few ordeals so trying as defeat. Regardless of his reverential recognition of" Supreme

Power," against which human mechanism fades into nothingness, he undeniably wishes to wield a master hand in the management .and appropriation of his surroundings. This desire assumes a burning hue in man's character as it is formed by the spirit of progressiveness which characterizes Âˇ each age. He pauses upon the busy threshold of to-day, in the broad glare of wondrous revelation, and contemplates the morrow when he shall .repose in the enviable shade of his own lustrous deeds. He desires to give posterity a record worth emulation, and diligently strives to embalm his name in the memory of his contemporaries. Fired with this zeal he haf' contributed heroic deeds to the brightest pages of history-deeds that will shine forth in unaffected brilliancy as long as ti me shall heave its surging tides. But defeat sprinkles disappointment all around the best laid plans of men. Moreover, it undermines the groundwork upon which is founded fortitude, and corroborates "Hope deferred maketh the heart sick." The impress of defeat may be outlined in every sphere of human action. We may trace its crimson furrows upon the field of strife in earlier days when civilization's proud footfall first resounded along our western shores. We may see it in every field wher~in investigation has expended its best efforts. In fact, we are confronted on all sides by its

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unwelcome visage. Within the ambient -folds of grim defeat are hidden the tears of the nations, whose despairing wail records the fact that they have been forced to look with regretful eyes upon the lost cause, and to behold the pitiless remnant of wrecked hopes. The gentle zephyrs kiss no proud emblem of power, no country's flag, that wears not the blood-dyed impress of defeat, either _in the establishment or protection of its claim. Th ·e reins of government are transmutable between owner and oppressor till steel and lead have weltered in human gore to the demoralization of one contestant or the other. Every victor's flag, though typical of pride and power, but reflects .the sheer exhaustion of sorely pressed, and oftentimes, subjugated contestants. But need we resort to the dire scenes of war for the vivification of our subject? It is true the issues of battle vividly picture · defeat : There are ma~y maimed survivors of a comparatively recent war yet in our midst, who lend their attestations to the irreconciliable gloom of defeat. But the days of subjugators and exterminators are numbered in the galaxy of departed ones whose dim distant hum no longer resounds in the ear of the present wayfarer. And though we should recall the wonderful military exploits and achievements of such an one, say, as Napoleon," the self-named armed

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soldier of Democracy," and though we should place upon his already . glittering coronet another evergreen wreath for the perpetuity of his peerless military genius, we should yet be observant of the fact that he was forced to acknowledge defeat. Can we scarce withhold a tear upon reverting to his death scenes amid the weird shadows of St. Helena? The , amazing success that attended his way for a while served to illumine the background that reflected his irremediable defeat. And so 'it is to-day. Ambition ascends the scale of mind's inclination from one degree of perfection to another, and is iiated only when its proud head is bathed in the fleecy clouds of lofty renown. · But, alas, how often the worthy aspirant stretches forth his hand toward the goal, to grasp in its stead remorseless defeat! How sudden and startling is the tram:ition from the sum_ mit of approved popularity and fame to the realms of oblivion! This truth is demonstrated not only by individual example, but also by the congre_gated voices which speak to us from the sepulchres of slumbering nations and empires. Their names and their deeds alike would be unknown to us had the historian withheld these timely facts. As it is, we may repaint their defeats, pity their failures, an<l best of all, emulate their valor. R. W. GRIZZARD.

EDITORIAL.

ÂŽb'itorial. THE REOENTJOINTDEBATE. The recent joint debate held in the College chapel betweLn the Randolph Society, of the city, and the Philologian Society, of the College, was a spirited one. The subject was well handled on both sid es. Our visitors, besides being close reasoners, showed th emselves to be well up on the tricks of debate. The first speech of their last speaker, who was second on the negative, was cut exceedingly short, all argument having been re-' served for his last speech, to which, of course, his opponents would have no opportunity to reply. When our first debater arose for his second speech he had no arguments to answer, for the gentleman precedrng him had made none. Our visitor's next speake~ very generously gave the time allotted for his second speech to his colleague. This left our last debater with no argument to answer. The result was that the gentleman of the Randolph Society who closed the debate had enough time left him-if time ~ould have counted for argument-to convince everybody in the , house. It was a pretty good trick, and we don't object to it, but the very fact that it was thought necessary to resort to such means is an evidence that even the debaters themselves doubted their ability to wage successfully an open battle with the Philologians. It is needless to say to those who

were present that the decision of the judges was a great surprise, and when we contrast the downcast looks of the Randolph debaters before the decision with their air of great relief after it, we are led to believe that even these gentlemen themselves partook of the surprise in no small measure. However great may have been our surprise, it would be exceedingly unbecoming in us to express any opinion as to the correctness of the verdict. Âˇ We should at least try to believe that five intelligent and impartial judges were better ahle to decide upon the merits of the debate than we are. Âˇ But one fact grieves us more than any defeat could ever do. We hear that members of the Randolph Society hold their hosts responsible for some bad behavior on the night of the debate. It is true that a few engaged in the disturbance were Richmond College boys, but we are sure that gentlemen who have shown themselves such sound reasoners will not hold their hosts accountable for conduct with which the best and the largest class of our students were entirely out of sympathy. We were equally as powerless to stop :the disorder as were our visitors, and we should no more be held responsible for it than the Randolph Society should be held responsible for the boisterousness of their "invincible" president on the same occasion.

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We hope soon to have another opportunity to meet our victors. We have great respect for the R~ndolphs, both as gentlemen and as speakers. MISSISSIPPI'SNEW SUFFRAGELAW.

The Mississippi Constitutional Convention · spent weeks h discussing a suffrage clause, and at last adopted one which looks as if it will bring forth bad results. In the State of Mississippi there are ninety thousand negro voters and seventy thousand white voters, and for this reason it was thought necessary to adopt some measure by which the State would be put beybnd danger of negro rule. Accordingly a clause was adopted which declares that no one shall vote unless he can read any section in the constitution, or shall understand it when read to him, or shall be able to give a reasonable interpretation thereof. This seems to us to be an exceeding loose law. There is nothing in it which would prevent the election officer, in testing a man's right to vote, from giving to the illiterate of his own party a sedion easily inter' preted, and to the illiterate of the ·opposing party a more intricate section. It is also left to the same officer to decide what is a "reasonable interpretation." In other words, it practically leaves it to one man to say who is qualified to vote and who is not. While such a clause may accomplish the purpose which was in view (namely, to prevent the rule of the lower class), it is suited to create much dissatisfaction in the registration of voters, and will give the

MESSENGER.

North-which is already so prone to charge the South with injustice to the negro-ample room to suspect fraud. . In nearly every speech recently made in Congress in .behalf of the "Force bill," the Mississippi suffrage clause has been cited to show the need of a national election law. The convention would have been excusable for the passage of such a measure had this been the only way out of their trouble; but the restriction originally proposedrequiring that every voter should own and pay taxes on two hundred dollars worth of real estate-would not only have put the State beyond · all danger of negrn rule, but would have given the enemies of the South no reason to charge the State with discrimination against the colored voter. PARNELL. Nothing at present is attracting so much attention in the political world as the split in the Irish party. This party, which has Parnell as its leader, bas been acting with the English liberal party, of which Gladstone is leader, to secure home-rule for Irelan~. Mr. Gladstone, on account of Parnell disreputable private life, has tefused to co-operate with him. Though this refusal has put the home-rule movement at a stand-still, Parnell has declined to resign the leadership. ,Just here is where the Irish people divide, some demanding his resignation, and others insisting that he shall be retained as leader. If we may judge from an election held a few days

EDITORIAL. ago in a district of Ireland, the sentiment of the Irish people is decidedly anti-Parnell. The whole affair seems to indicate a growing tendency to demand of public men that their private lives shall be clean. ABSENTMINDEDNESS. 0N)ll of our editors desen·es censure for the way he has been publishing manufactured jokes on his fellow-editors . It does not come well from one whose extreme absentmindedness has made him the subject of so many hearty laughs. V-le are told that a few days before the holidays he went to -the store of one of our booksellers and purchased a copy of Longfellow's poems, and hurried off to the 0. & 0. depot, where he was to present it to a "young lady friend" who waR s~arting for homo to spend the Christmas. On arriving at the station he was illforrned the Lynchburg trains went out from another station, about a mile distant. But the young lady must have the present, so the editor "took to his feet" and hurried with all possible . speed to the Alleghany depot,. As he ran up the middle of Main street he attracted much attention from the shoppers. The run was very vividly described to us by an eye-witness. We regret our inability to reproduce the picture. When he reached the train his "puffing and blowing" ·was only equaled by that of the engine which was just pulling out. But she must have the present; so he boarded the car and had a very pleasant chat until be got to the first station,

where he got off with a heavy hart to walk back to Richmond-ten miles ! He hadn't gone far before he happened to look under his arm, and there was the gift-still unpresented !! When the young lady returns to her school duties she will probably receive the book-if our fellow-editor does not forget it. [~ N O'l'E.-As our readers will see, the above properly belongs in the Local Department, but for a reason best known to himself the Local Editor prefers that it should not appear there.] EDITORIALNOTES. IN the next number of the MESSENGERthere will begin a discussion on the important question, Should a college student have a sweetheart? It will be " a free fight," and even · our young lady friends will be allowed to participate. One of the professor's daughters, we hear, has proposed to change the question to "Resolverl, That every college stu dent should have a sweetheart on the campus"; but we are afraid, if this were to be decided in the affirmative (as it no doubt would be), we shou ld not have enough students to go around. So she will excuse us for keeping the question as it is.

THE first term in the study of Expression bas come to a close, and the students have received much benefit from the instruction. Prof. Hamberlin is a thorough master of his subject and has made himself exceeding popular with the boys.

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THE success of B. F. Johnson & Co., publishera, of this city, is phenomenal. Though the house was only started about eight years ago, it has become the largest publishing establishment in America. It employs 35,000 agents in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and West India island 's. Mr. Johnson is one of the best friends of our college. It is by his liberality that a regular course of instruction in physieial culture has

EDITOR:

Magni.fique !

_ Bees are hum-bugs. Fiddle, banjo, --,

been provided. success.

We rejoice at his

THE trustees of Richmond College, at their recent meeting, elected as their president Hon. J. L. M. Curry, to succeed the late H. K. Ellyson. Dr. Curry has long been known as an able advocate of liberal education, and the trustees are to be congratulated on their excellent choice.

HARDIN T. BURNLEY.

Klutz's telephone. Grand!

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flute.

Capilliscircum cervicesnegligenterrejectis. "I hope you see the simile." We've laid him in his bier, The Spanish cavalier.

Prof. P.: "What color is an orange?" Mr. P. : "Orange-colored." Prof. in Sen. Eng. : " What is the plural of slab?" Mr. D.: "Slaves." Prof. P.: "What is a pedagogue?" Mr. B.: " A person that stands on one foot."

Mr. R. : "Is there a matinee at the Mozart to-night?"

Prof. in Sen. Eng. : " What does the word sun denote?,; Mr. D. : " A family relationship, sir."

Mr. H. says the Dutch people are great dudes, because they get on dykes so often.

Prof. in Phil. : " Mr. D., what is your idea of an angel?" Mr. D. : "A woman with wings."

Prof. P.: "How do you proMr. L. (in chemistry): '' Oxygen is a suppor1er and promoter of com- nounce Âˇcicatrice?" bustion, and water is a distinguisher. Mr. D. : "Kis~ 'er thrice."

LOCALS. Prof. T.: "Mr. C. 1s absent; where bas be gone?" Mr. R.: " To see his sweetheart, sir." ProÂŁ T. : "He is excusable, then."

Mr. J.: "Have you been to the Cemetery Methodist church, yet?"

Prof. in Latin: "Mr. L., I have several absences against you." Mr. L.: "I was sick, sir." Prof. : " Both times? " Mr. B. (of Sen. Eng. class): "H., Mr. L.: "No, sir; only twice." would you say three sp-:,onsful or three spoonfuls ? " At the recent Association a stranMr. H. (of same class): '' Three ger, on being asked if be was a ddebottlesful." gate, replied : " No, indeed ; I never Mr. L., being told that he ought to send his girl a card at Christmas, mailed her his visiting card. Prof. in Sen. Eng. : " What history did Hume write ? " Mr. W. : "History of France." 1st Sen. Phil. man : "I think they ought to Locke Hume up." 2d Sen. Phil. man: "They Kant." Prof. P.: "Name the four seasons." Mr. D. : "Easter, Whitsuntide, Thanksgiving day, and . Christmas." Prof. in Lat. : "What is proRody ?'' Mr. S.: "Ob, it is one of those higher syntactical constructions." Prof. in Phil.: "Mr. R., please give me the exact image you have of a cornfield." Mr. R. : "A field of corn, professor." At the Lee monument. Young Lady : " This is a bronze statue, isn't it?" Mr. C. : " No; it is an equestrian statue."

was sick a day in my life.''. A certain young lady, when asked to give some account of Coosar's personal appearance, began by saying that he was fair-skinned and of dark complexion. " Who was Pontius Pilate?" asked the Sunday ,school teacher. " That was the Roman government," replied the innocent maiden. Prof. in English : "What is a chiropodist?" Mr. W. : "An animal that walks ' on all fours." Mr. P.: "InPetersbnrgtbestreets are paved with large, flat slabs, and in sleety weather I have seen people's heads bit them so hard that they broke them." Young Lady : " I am sure that I have seen some people from Petersburg whose heads are too soft to break the stones." ProÂŁ in Chemistry : "What does 02 H6 0 (symbol for alcohol) mean in the language of chemistry?" Mr. S. : "If you want a quart, it

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means two quarts of carbon, six of hydrogen, and one of oxygen."

Mr. J., when attending the Bazaar at the Tabernacle, was prevented by the crowd from . getting to the side of a certain young lady who was presiding at one of the tables. In a fit of desperation he moaned, "I see my girl in the Booth, and I can't Barrett." Why is the college yell like a game of tennis? Because a racket is indispensable to both. Prof: P. : "' Other' used to be the English for 'second,' but now it has gone to serve other purposes." Prof. P.: "Anomalous means, 'that cannot be classified.' " Mr. D. : "The dictionary says it means 'irregular.'" Prof. : "Well, doesn't that mean 'that cannot be classified?'" Mr. D. : "No, sir; for they can be classified as irregular.'' Mr. F 路., who is afflicted with rheumatism, recently went to see a young lady. As the hour grew late he happened to remark that he had considerable difficulty in walking. Said she, "Let's see you try." As he is a very bright young man, he took 路 the hint and left.

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who asked in an examination the following question : " If Alfred the Great were now living, what would he think of woman suffrage, lconscri ption, and the printing press? " A bright pupil replied: " If Alfred the Great were now living, he would be too old to think of anything." Mr. B. is quite a bashful young man. One evening a few weeks since he called on a young lady of our acquaintance. During the visit, as we were afterwards informed by the young lady herself, Mr. B. persisted in keeping at such a distance that there was some trouble in carrying on the conversation ; so she 路 thought she would contrive to get him nearer. "Would you mind putting your 路 chair a little closer?" said she. " Certainly not," he replied, and moving his chair very close to hers he took a seat in another on the opposite si<le of the room. The young lady says she fears the case is incurable. Mr. J. : " I passed my girl on the street, but didn't look back at her, as I was afraid that I would turn, like Lot, to a block of stone.''

Mr. W., seeing a book with the 'title "juveualis Opera" in the library, remarked that he didn't know Juvenal wrote any operas.

.We extend our heartfelt sy~pathy ~o Mr. P., who called to take a certain young lady home from a recent entertainment and fouud that she had left a few minutes before with another fellow.

Prof. H., in illustrating a point, said that he heard once of a teacher

Mr. P. asked a maiden f~dr to be allowed to accompany her to church

LOCALS.

one Sunday night. "You may, if of a large majority of those present, Mr. -doesn't ask me," said she. · the debate was decided in favor of the Randolph Society. We hope Mr. P. has at last acA similar contest between the complished some good in the world. Randolph and Mu Sigma Rho socieWe understand that at Christmas he ties will take place at the Y. M. C. A. gave a young lady a Bible. hall January 16. Messrs. Carver and Burnley will represent the Mu Sigma A, B, C-R, C, V, Rho :

A is for Andersons, one short and one long, Bis for Bradshaw, who tends to the gong. C is for Clements, who sings with th!' best, Dis for Dean, who ought to have rest. E is for Emet, who is yet young in years, F is for Frost, who now oft appears. G is f ,r Godd ,in, who's name is now quiz, H is for Hatcher, who dues type-writing buis. I being out, we'll let it go by, · J is for Jacobs, who's good, and not fly. K is fJ r Keith, one of rex ,·s' lone stars, L is for Louthan, who near reaches Mars. · M is for Massie, who broke his left hip, N is for Norfleet, with fuz on his lip. O went with I and cannot be found, P is for Pollard, who takes the girls round. · Q is for Quarles, with his lessons down ''pat,'' R is for Reid, who wears a straw hat! S is for Str eet, who is one of our swells, T is for I aylor, who swings the dumb bells. U, whi le out on the campus one day, struck up with V and they both rari away . W is for White, who drove off the pup, X followed after and has not turned up. Y is for Young, in the cottage doth dwell, Z is not here, so I bid you farewell. "CRICKET ."

We present our hearty congratulations to Professor Boatwright on his recent union with one of Ken. tucky's fairest. We hope to ,be allowed to offer similar congratulations to others of our friends before many days. We join with Prof. B. in saying, " Go and do likewise." The · Mess Hall-beg pardon, Lombardy Hall-is in a flourishing condition. General satisfaction prevails, and there is no complaint. Mrs. Woolfolk, in whom each student feels he has a friend, does her work well, and may know that her kindness is appreciated. Mr. E. M. Pilcher has been appointed to the position of accountant, recently made vacant.

The subject of establishing a A joint debate between the Philo- ' school of Technology in Richmond logian Society and the Randolph has recently been much discussed. Society of the Y. M. C. A. of Rich- The many advantages offered by mond was held iri the College chapel Richmond College for such a school :B~ridaynight, December 12th. The have been set forth by the trustees, question was: "Resolved, That money and it is to be hoped that it will be has more influence in the world than established in connection with Richmind." Mesr;rs. C. T. •raylor and H. mond College. The following is · a F. Williams ably represented the clipping from an article on the subPhilologian society, making excel- ject by Dr. Curry, in the Richmond lent speeches . . Much to the surpri se Times of December 28th:

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MESSENGER.

we contemplate its origin, its endow ment, its benefactors, and a majority To establish a technological school such as we need and should of its trustees and faculty of instruchave, is no child's play, and cannot tion. That being said, all is said. The College is not "run" ori literal . be accomplished by mass-meetings denominationalism, nor is theology and tr'umpet and drum and banner. It will require combined effort and taught, nor is there in the instructhe concentration of much capital, tion the slightest tinge of sectariantalk, energy, wisdom, and adminis- ism. The charter provides for the trative capacity. Grounds, build- '' instruction of youth in the various branches of science and literature." ings, library, laboratories, apparatus, Richmond College is no more materials, teachers, will cost money, and much of it. If a college of denominational than Brown, Princeestablished reputation, doing as, ton, William and Mary, Harvard, broad and comprehensive and Yale, and Columbia, and no one has thorough work in its line as any ever objected to schools of applied college in the United States, with science in the last three because they commodius buildings, a magnificent are denominational. situation, an endowed library, an It is not much proof of censurable increasing fund, and distinguished denominationalism to contribute for professors, offer a site and library _ the public good, for_ the advancepermanently, and the use of lecture ment of the weal of the city and the rooms and apparatus, etc., while the State. what seems thus far to be the school is weak and formative, is only possibl_e means of success. such an offer to be hastily rejected ? What the College proposes is only This offer will save the projected to pledge its prestige; its secure . enterprise $100,000 or more. To existence; its valuable assistance to have the chairs of mathematics, a great work. 'l'he name of the physics, chemistry, modern lan- school, the terms of relationship, a !!uages, and English already provid- thousand conditions and details, can ed, will save the raising of a capital be settled when the school becomes of $200,000 more, unless the tuition au existing fact. fees or annual subscriptions be reA college owes something-owes lied on to supply the teaching. These much-to the community in which it things provided, the school of tech- is planted. It should exert there a nology will only have to build at formative and wholesome influence. convenience, buy necessary appara- As from a radiating centre, it should tus, etc., and employ the special diffuse widely a stimulating influence professors and instructors. and awaken, outside as well as withIt is objected that L<ichmond Col- in its walls, high intellectual aspirations. The faculty should seek and lege, w,hich makts this generous be held responsible for the position proposition, is a denominational college. Well, that is true, when â€˘ of leadership, and be_in close touch PROPOSAL OF RICHMOND COLLEGE.

LOCALS.

with scholarly enterprise and what men as Montague, the Williamses, tends to the social and material im- Ryland, Ellett, and others. provement and the uplifting of the Yours truly, J. L. M. CURRY. citizenship. It ceases to be narrowly The following was received soon denominational when it concerns after the December MESSENGER went itself chiefly not with divergencies, to press: not with what is" sectarian polemic," A few days ago, at a meeting of but with what is universal, and thus our Âˇ Y. M. C. A., the death of Mr. assumes relationships to the "broad Frank C. Johnson was announced. interests of humanity." In this movement Richmond Col- We were astonished and shocked. Only two weeks before some of us lege has taken high, broad ground, had left him the very picture of and the offer of the College giYes strength and young manhood. We hope of success. had known him to love him. We It may make possible what othergri~ved at his death and wished to wise will require years of patient give voice to our sorrow and symtoil and hard sacrifice. Even with pathy, so a committee was appointed the generous proposition of the to draft suitable resolutions. The folCollege, all those who realize how lowing are the resolutions: much Richmo~d and Virginia and I. Resolved, That in tl}e death of our the South need and will be profited Brother F. C. Johnson, of Richmond College, by a great school .will have to act in many of us have lost a personal friend whom concert, with liberality and conces- we valued and loved, both for what he w~s and what he did. sion and indomitable energy. The 2. That the Y. M. C A. work of Virginia press and the public, manufacturers, has suffered loss . A young man has fallen bankers, merchants, artisans, educa- who was earnest, faithful, and loving in his Master's work ; pure, strong, and manly in tors, will need to put their shoulders his life. to the wheel. ' 3. That the Missionary Volunteers have The trustees of Richmond College lost one of their most promising men. 4. That we extend our sympathy to his bad an unusual attendan,ce at the friends generally, to his college-mates, and meeting which gave definite form to especially to the members of his own housethis enterprise, and the project bad hold . 5. That, while feeling that we have sufno opposition, but the warm support of such jurists and lawyers as James fered loss, we bow humbly to the will of Him who '' doeth all things well." Alfred Jones, Judge Christian, C. 6. That a copy of these resolutions be sent V. Meredith, G.- H. Swann, A. L. to College Topics, a copy to the Richmond Montague, Sands, H. R. Pollard, L. Dispatch, one to the RICHMONDCOLLEGE C. Field, Judge Gunter, Colonel MESSENGER,and one to his family in Lynchburg, Va. Tabb, Major Courtenay; of such THOS. H. HADEN, ministers as Drs. Hatcher, Landrum, A. D. DREW, J. T. McALLISTER, Tupper, Dickinson, Cooper, Pilcher, , Committee. and Ryland, and of such business University of Virginia, Dec. 7, 1800.

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STRICTLYEPIC. A life deprived of liberty Is but a dreary sham; To be more candid, I should say It isn't worth a cent. Now Christmas comes but once a year, And I really do not think 'Twould be a breach of liberty To take a little drink . So think of some fair woman As sweet as any peach, And we'll have a little toast To voice the sentiments of each. "Here's to her sympathetic voice And brightly-sparkling eyes, Her shapely chin and tempting lips, , And waist of proper size ; In short, here's to the blooming maid Endowed with ev_ery grace, Who first says 'No!' then, flushing, grants A lingering embrace." C.

The most exciting debate that has been held in the Mu Sigma Rho hall this session took place Friday night, December 19th. The question was: "Resolved, That it is an ad vantage to a college student to have a sweetheart." The meeting lasted until nearly 12 P. M.; being debated on the affirmative by Messrs. Laird, Louthan, Luttrell, .Pettus, Carver, and Burnley, and on the negative by Messrs. Causey, Pollard, Redwood, and Thayer. Tbe debate wafl decided, by a vote of fourteen to two, in favor of the affirmative. The Expression class gave a very creditable exhibition Deeem ber 17th. This ended the first halfofthe course, in which Professor Hamberlin has given ample proof of his ability as a teacher of elocution. '

MESSENGER. IT. In the chemistry class There's a rod of glass Set in a cup Which is filled up With mercury. Don't have a fit, For that's all oj1t. That device on the wall Is nothing at all But a Âˇpatent concern. Don't wonder a bit For it's nothing but It; It's simple and pure And will endure For gents, that is It. H. B.C.

'l'he campus was almost entirely deserted by the students Christmas week, not over a dozen spending the holiday here. All went home who were able, some taking with them their friends who live af a distance. A good many of the old students visited the College, among whom were W. IL Harrison and Walker, of '89; Handy, Hunter, I. C. Harrison, Goodwin, and Norvell,' of '90. There seems to be some peculiar attraction about the College to all who have ever attended it. A literary circle will hereafter be a feature of the College community. It has not been organized by the students, nor is it intended primarily for th~m. It is mainly composed of Âˇ other residents of the grounds. The ladies of tho campus constitute a large element. Prof. PoHard has been chosen leader, and his senior class has been invited to join. The English boys feel highly complimented, but the rest of us feel-left.

Y. M. C. A. NOTES. The regular semi-annual meeting of the trustees of the College took place in December. Dr. J. L. M. Curry was elected to the office of president, made vacant by the death of the lamented H.K. Ellywn. Dr. Curry held this office when appointed minister to Spain in '84, and returns to it in every way qualified to fulfill its duties. We predict that his energy and efforts will result greatly to the advantage of the College, and that right quickly. The Mu Sigma Rho Society recently chose speakers for the public debate, which will take place in March. The following is the list : Declaimer, W. Owen Carver; Poet, Jas. C. Harwood; .Debaters, D. S. Gatland, H. L. Watson, R. E. Chambers, and J. Garland Pollard. An interesting contest may be expected.

FROMJAPAN,

The following letter was received by a member of our Foreign Âˇ Mission Band: KoBE HILL, JAPAN, October 15, 1890. Dear Brother L-: There are very few things more encouraging to a missionary than the news that there are consecrated bands of young men forming all over the Southland as well as the North who have felt the hand of God ~pon them, and have in obedience to the Master's voice turned their hearts and faces to the nations who sit in darkness. * * * * The people are daily coming to Christ, and the sentiment in favor of Christianity is becoming stronger and stronger. Only to-day

The Mu Sigma Rho Society, 01 which Mr. Frank C. Johnson was a member, has appointed Mr. W. B Loving to prepare a sketch of the life and character M the deceased, to be read at a public meeting of tho students at an early date. At the eamo meeting the resolutions of the society in regard to his death; pi:epared by the committee of which Mr. W. 0. Carver is chairman, will be presented. The library has recently been presented with a handsome 20-inch revolving globe by Mrs. James Thomas, wl::!ois never forgetful of the College. Notice has also been received that a portrait of Dr. George B. Taylor was on its way from the "old country," given by Dr. George B. Eager and other friends.

I hear of a whole family who had been converted, and, as evidence of the conversion, had of their own accord taken every image and idol from its place and after breaking them into many pieces piled them into a fire, and came humbly to a missionary, and, after telling him of their hope in Christ, begged that he would teach them more fully and let them attach themselves to his church. Until six months Âˇago these people had never heard of Christ. But oh, my brother, there are yet thirty-nine and a half millions out of the forty who have never heard of Christ. Won't you write me of some young ~en who are now at the seminary who could come out within two years at the furthest? * * * * My love to the Band. Yours in Christ, J. W. McCOLLUM

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IN DARKESTSOUDAN.

In our October issue we gave a letter from Charles L. Helmick, who was with us last May, just before leaving as a missfonary for the Soudan. In that letter he told of three of the party who had fallen asleep. Belo~ we give extracts from his diary while on his way from Freetown up the Rokell river to Rokon. Ten days . after his return to Freetown he was in Rotofunk, and there was called to his reward. J aderquist, who is still in the field, says: '' The banner must be carried forward though every man fall. The perils of African climate are great, but they are as nothing compared with the perils that beset millions of God's creatures who are living and dying without Jesus." THE

Sept. 30.-After

DIARY.

"palaver" we started up the river about half-past four-our first experience with African boatmen, African canoe, and African river. Stopped about 7 o'clock at Tasso for the night-the first one in an African hut ; hospitably entertain , d in African style without cost. Oct. 1. - Early start; pulled about three hours and stopped at Rotombo to wait for breeze and tide. Entertained here by two French traders-breakfasted with them in the highest French style, menu seven courses. A meeting arranged for here. They had not heard the Gospel since June. Pulled out at 4, thankful that the Lord had let us stop. Salmarank, 10:30 P. M.; dirty native hut; bed for one-one slept on the ground. Oct. 2-Found that our tin boxes got wet , in the night; cloth for presents damaged, and a new case of surgical instruments about ruined. The Lord helped us to be happy, however (Heb. x : 34). Landed at Forodugan at 7 o'clock, having only come four or five miles to-day. Oct. 3.- Breakfast on chicken and rice; away at 8 o'clock; reached Maburo about 7,

MESSENG:mlt

and stopped for the night. Many of the natives crowded around us at this place to see a white man for the first time. Oct 4--Got away about 9 o'clock ; reached Magbelli at 11 A. M., and at once paid our respects to king Bye-Suba, whom we found to be a quiet, dignified, and kindly man. He showed us a comfortable place to stay in while we remained with him. After we were settled the king . called on us and presented us with a good, fat rooster and six quarts of rice. We then explained our missipn. This is our first experience with African court etiquette. Oct. 5.- One year ago to-day Kingman and I spoke for Africa the first time together at Leavenworth. This morning we rise to look in every direction upon a land over which the mantle of heathendom has fallen. God alone knows how much or how little light I shall be able to let in through the darkness the next twelve months. At 11 A. M. Kingman spoke to the English-speaking population, which is composed of natives who have learned English at Freetown. At 3 P. M. I spoke through an interpreter to the native population in the king's barry. The king himself was present with all of his head men. I spoke as ~imply as possible upon John iii: 16. At the close the king gave us his hand and thanked us for the words. Some of the people had never seen a white man, and many had not heard of Jesus Christ. Oct. 6.-WemadeanearlystartforRokon; arrived at 11 A. M. Oct. 7.- Sokore, the temporary chiefofthis place, is away. Bye-::iimrah, the king of the Masimrah land, is at present at a neighboring town, and we are therefore not able to make any definite arrangements with these people. They, however, are glad to see us, and there is no doubt of their giving us the privilege of establishing a mission here. At 11 A. M. Kingman read and explained the Word to some forty people who came together to hear the white man. The head man of the village interpreted for him. In the evening we received an invitation from Bye-Simrah to meet him at Mon , orbah. Oct. 8.-Reached Monkorbah and met the king for "palaver." We laid before him our mission, which was to establish a mission at R okon and have the privilege of passing through his country to the interior. He we!-

1>ERS6NAtS. corned us warmly, but would give us no definite answer till he saw more of his head men. We hope . the matter will be decided before we return. Oct. 9.-We finished everything we had planned for this trip last night, and are now preparing for an early start to Freetown. Oct. 10.-Reached Freetown at 10 A. M.

With our missionary meeting of December began a series of meetings which was a great blessing to us. The meeting was conducted the first week by one of our own number, with increased interest. The meeting from the beginning was serious, and the young men were interested. We tried to have Mr. E. T. Dadmun with us the first week of the meeting, but he was prevented, anu was

not with us until the second week. We feel that his coming among us was a blessing to us . . We were glad to know him better, and so love him more. He is an earnest, consecrated Christian worker. His love and zeal in the Master's work quickened our zeal .and made us more energetic in the good work. Âˇ Very many of our young men were interested, and eight of them professed conversion. We pray God's speed to them upon their Christian career, and trust that they may unite with some church. We hope that we will be permitted to enjoy many more such seasons, and grow in grace.

Mr. E. B. Pollard (M. A., '86) is attending the divinity school at Yale. Mr. W. A. Goodwin ('90) is attending the Theological Seminary at Alexandria, Va. Mr. T. A. Woodson (B.' A., '90) is in the wholesale grocery business with Jake Franklin, in Lynchburg, Va. Our committee who went to Lynchburg to attend the funeral of Frank C. Johnson met there Mr. A ~ S. H. Bristow (B. A., '89) and Mr. J. R. Long (B. A., '90). Mr. Thomas J. Sims (B. A., '89) is teaching this year at .Midland Academy.

Mr. E. C. James ('88) is teaching in the graded schools at Lincolu, Loudoun county. Mr. S. S. Handy (B. A., '90) was with us dnring the Christmas holidays. F. F. Causey ('85), who after leaving here took the orator's medal the University of Virginia, and then his B. A. at Harvard, has returned to "R. C. V." to Âˇtake Law; S. L. Kelly ('88), who obtained the best debater's medal in the Mu Sigma Rho Society, is now one of Richmond's promising attorneys. We understand that we were entirely mistaken about Mr. M. W.

28.

RtCltMONb

COLLEGE

Thomas ('90) giving up the ministry. He is now replenishing his pocketbook that he may attend Âˇ the Seminary. Rev. .J. M. McManaway ('81) is pastor of the Baptist church at Big Stone Gap. We were quite sorry to part with

J. L. Keith when he left last month for his l\ome at Beaum0nt, Texas. We had learned to love the handsome, open-hearted fellow from the Southern plains. Sucqess to him.

EDITOR:

MESSENGER.

M. K. Fletcher and W. F. Warren remain with us to represent the Lone Star State. W. E. Hurt ('90), who is attending Crozer Seminary, was with us during the holidays. Some fair attraction kept him in the city for several days. Edwin Barbour ('87) is located at Big Stone Gap. He is practicing Law in Lee and Wise counties. Rev. F. T. Davis ('77) is preaching in Frederick county, in the lower Shenandoah Valley.

W. H. RYLAND.

We take pleasure in extending to our exchanges a most hearty New Year's greeting, and in expressing the hope that their future success may even eclipse their past glory. How nice it is to start the new . year with kindly feeling and respect for all, as the MESSENGERdoes; but if, perchance, this statement seems unsubstantiated by what follows, we feel that we are amply justified in making the following criticism: The Hesperian ,impresses us as being an exceedingly narrow-minded and fault-finding paper. Its exchange editor, especially, shows some of the symptoms of a hopelessly nervous dyspeptic (we prescribe a cup of bot water after every meal), not only because be thinks it a mysterious 'conundrum' "bow a college professor could win notoriety as a classical

scholar "-which expression, though not our own, we assert is allowable and quite common-but because he seems utterly unable to find anything commendable in any college paper or any, ;vhere else. In a word, the paper is extreme on all subjects. The Hamilton CollegeMonthly for October has just reached our table. It contains, among other excellencies, the frank confession that "we are late in getting out our first issue"! But of course ,ve will make every allowance and rely on the promise of the young ladies to be more punctual hereafter. The literary department of the paper contains several practical and interesting articles, , displaying clearly the abilities of the authors, and we hope the

EXCHANGES. paper may continue to honor us with its monthly visits; We have been much gratified to notice Âˇin quite a number of our exchanges the kind comments made upon our paper. In recognition of such compliments we make a grace ful bow, and acknowledge that it always makes us feel good to be complimented; but at the same time we are conscious of our imperfec. tions and invite criticism upon them, assuming, of course, the same privilege. The University Magazine has failed to put in its appearance 1th is session, which fact we lament and are unable to ac9ount for. We will state for its information, though, that . the MESSENGER still survives and holds its own.

meamng. " It is not, we think, that the negro is black or that his ancestors were slaves, that makes the white children refuse to associate with him. His appearances are a;gainst him. No matter how good and moral the poor young negro boy may Âˇ be, there is something about him, real or imagined, which repels the resthetic white youth." It strikes us that the most prominent " appearance" about a negro is the color of his skin, but whatever idea the above quotation conveys, we agree with the author when he says that there is something about him that repels the resthetic white youth, and, furthermore, we maintain that that "something " is real. The Earlhamite is very " cute " in its appearance, nor do its attractions cease here. The paper is printed in very neat type, and the matter is interesting and well s,elected.

We greatly enjoy the weekly visits of the Practical Student. This paper Now that the foot-ball season has shows evidence of the great interest manifested by the students of Ohio come to a close, we are curious to Wesleyan University in their AZ.ma know what theme will occupy the attention of the Lehigh Burr during Mater. the interval before the spring sports ~n part we echo the sentiments of are inaugurated. May we suggest the author of " The Race Question the propriety of a display of some of Again," in the Niagara Index of De- the learning which has been inculcember 1st. But when he advocates cated into the minds of the students the Âˇ degradation of the Caucasian at this great Northern university? race to a plane of equality witn the negro, .and says they ought to sit toThe Georgetown College J, ,u.rnal, gether in the same class-room, we while not unusually prepos~essing are forced to dissent. The following in its external appearance, contains sentences occurring . successively in much good and interesting rea:ding that article are by no means clear to matter, and is among the best of us, and we cannot gather the author's our exchanges.

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

EDITOR:

MESSENGER.

W. H. RYLAND.

The University of Michigan has an enrollment of 2,400 this year. Twenty-fl ve of this number are J apanese.-Ex. The gymnasium at the University of Kentucky is run on the stock company plan, each share being sold for five dollars.-Ex. A knock-downer for examination advocates: "In six years 389 students of the Prussian public schools have · committed suicide through fear of flunking on examinations."-Ex. Shakespeare's works · are being tmnslated into Chinese by the President of Pekin U niversity.-Ex. It is said that in the United States one man out of every 200 takes a college course; in Germany one of every 213; in England one of every 500; and one of every 615 in Scotlanct.-Ex. A course in Bible study is a new requirement at Princeton. All classes are obliged to take the study, five or six of the faculty conducting different parts of the work.-Ex. The Y. M. C. A. has ao2college associations.-Ex. It costs $20,000 a year to run the Lick Observatory.-Ex. Within a year Amherst has devoted more than $100,000 to athletics.-Ex. Three-fourths of the national colleges founded in the last twenty years

are south of Mason and Dixon's line.-Ex. James Russell Lowell :will probably be offered the lectureship in poetry at Johns Hopkins University this year.-Ex. Arthur Cumnock bas received $5,000 from his father for winning the game with Y ale.-Ex. Twenty-five received the degree of Ph. D. at J obns Hopkins this year.Ex. Over $3,775,000 was given to fortytwo American colleges last year, in gifts ranging from five to ten thousand dollars.-Ex. The National University of Tokio has an enrollment of 50,000.-Ex. We are told that the students at a college for the blind, Worcester, Mass., play cricket splendidly. A bell is placed within the ball.-Ex. The will of Dani.el Fayerweather, the mi.llionai.re leather-dealer, which was filed a few days ago, gives $2,100,000 to di.:fferflnt colleges, and $95,000 to hospitals. The following bequests are made: Yale College, for Sheffield Scientific School, $300,000; Columbia College, $200,000; Cornell University, $200,000; Bowdoin College, $100,000; Amherst College, $100,000; Williams College, $100,000; Dartmouth College, $100,000; Wesleyan Uni versi.ty,· $100,000; Hamilton College, $100,000; Uni-

COLLEGE

NEWS AND NOTES.

rnrsity of Rochester, $100,000; Lincoln University, $100,000; U niversity of Virginia, $100,000; Hampton University, $100,000; Marysville College, $100,000; Union Theoloµ;ical Seminary and endowment of cadetship, ·· $50,000; Lafayette College, $50,000; Marietta College, $50,000; Adelbert College, $50,000; Wabash College, $50,000, and Pach College, $50,000.-Ex. A chair of music has been established at Yale College by the gift of $20,000 from Mrs. Ellen Battell Eldridge.-Ex. •There is a movement on foot to establish a chair of the Irish language at the University of P_ennsy l vania.Ex. 'fwo Japanese students of the University of Michigan have created a great sensation by eloping with two American girls.-Ex. Butler's Analogy-Prof.: "Mr. H., you may pass on to the next life." Mr. H.: "Not prepared, sir."-Ex. Professor: "Will you please pronounce that word again? I do not think your pronunciation ·was correct." Student: "It's al-ly / sir."-Ex. In the parlor they were sittingSitting by the fire-light's glow ; Quickly were the moments flitting, Till at last he rose to go. With his overcoat she fluttered, From her eyes escaped a tear" Must you go so soon? " she muttered; "Won't you stay to breakfast, dear?" -Ex.

Indiana has three and a half times as many saloon-keepers as schoolteachers; fourteen saloon-keepers for

every minister, and eleven saloons for every school-house.-Ex. Syracuse University has the finest college building in America. It cost $700,000 and was the gift of one man.-Ex. The University of Pennsylvania is considering the question of admitting women. The faculty have voted in favor of it, 19 to 2.-Ex. WRITE WRITTENRIGHT. Write we know is written right When we see it written write ; But when we see it written wright, We know 'tis not then written right, For write, to have it written right, Must not be written right or wright; Nor yet should it be written rite, But write, for so 'tis written right.

SHE SHOWEDHIM STARS. For every shooting star he claimed a kiss, She, seeming coy at first, demurred to' this; But he persisting, would not be denied When he at length a flying meteor spied. And so, as evening grew apace, their eyes Oft scanned the glittering aspect of the skies; And when a darting star caught either's sight A sound of kissing broke upon the night. And so it came to pass anon that she Looked for a shooting stat as much as he ;Nay, if by chance a star escaped his view She cal)ed his wandering fancy to it too. When intervals seemed long ·between e,ich hug She called him on a passing lightning bug; And, ever taxing her ingenious mind, Her ready wit enabled her to find More shooting stars in three short fleeting hours Than would compose whole meteoric showers. But when she did her last pretext exhaust, And was about to yield her cause as lost, She saw a switchman's lantern circling swing, And got him down to a steady thing.

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