Issuu

V.4.

OP!JIJJJJLJHJJI 1001111 VOL . XVI.

NOVEMBER, 1889.

NO. 2.

EDITORS: E. w. GREANER, Mu, Sigma Rho, { M. w. 'r HOMAS, . B. B. ROBINSON.

J.E. HUTCHINSON, Philologian, { D. H. RucKER, II. F. WILLIAMS.

Business Manager- W. OWEN CARVER. Assistant Bu siness Manager- W. E. FARRAR. Wint .er.

A year_has fled, And over hill and vale The wintry snows have fallen thick and fast; The flow'rs lie dead, And springs and stream lets fail; And ba re gray boughs bend to the whistling blast. And yet, deep down within its frozen bed, The •fast-imprisoned germ of life is laid ; And but awaits the sunny ismiles of spring To break its icy bonds, and let it bring Both limdand leaf from seed wherein each lies; As phcenixes from their dead ashes rise.

A life has fled, -And, o'er a wrinkled brow, Th e snows of age have silvered raven locks; Life's joys.are dead, The heart, so frozen now, ScarceJeels Death's awfu} summons when he knocks. But lo ! the Master smiles, and forth there flies, Upborne on airy pinions to the ski es, A soul immortal from that lifeless clay ; Re-born to dwell in" realms of endless day."

Octobe,·. 1889.

JAS.

HARWOOD.

RICHMOND

The

Old

COLLEGE

Man

MESSENGER.

by "the <'burchâ€˘Yard.

An old man lives by the church-yard, In a cold and lonely spot; No dwelling near for miles around Except this humble cot.

And he knows that to-morrow another will come To the "city of the dead"

Eighty years ago in this house he was born, Within sight of "God's holy acre," And his voice for many years had sung The praises of his" Maker."

His loved ones are Jhere, !he is left quite alone, And he longs aH never before, For the time to come when he shall pass the gates, To return to his cottage no more.

Once more he hears the old bell toll For the human soul that has fled,

G. E. M.

Phy.teal

GRE.lTElt

FACTOJt

IN TH& ,v9nLo's

8eienee.

CrvILIZAT[ON

OF Tirn

The term physical science comprehends all the boundless reaches of Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, Botany, Geology, etc., with all the count less products of mind and labor that these sciences have given to mau. So, then, the potency of physical Hcience as a factor iu civilization must be measured by the advancement it bas given and the impetus imparted not only as purely abstract. Science, but also by the unnumbered and innumerable labor-saving, money-making, civilization-advancing machines and contrivances which owe their very existence to Science. Ever siuce accursed Adam turned his forced step from Eden's sunny bowers and weut away to cat his bread in the sweat of his face, aud Cain with his rude implements and crude knowledge plied the arts of primeval Science, the one question for which a solution has ever been

THAN

Gooo

LITERATURE,

EXCLUSIVE

BmL'.R.

sought is, " How can man lighten his burden and better his condition?" The only answer to this momentous question (aside from the Word of Go<l) has ever been, and still is, found in the diseloscd secrets and the developed powers of Science. Literature could never make labor less nor diminish its necessity. Indeed, till Scienee had light ened the burden of man he had no Literature, for he needed uone, hor could have found time for its enjoyment had he possessed it. So in all the world's history Scie11cebas led the way while Liif'r(/ture followed: Science has marte the way and Literature has come in to be enjoyed . li.gypt, the oldest of eivilb:ed nations, had in historic times a very high degree of seientific ad vanccrnent but almo.,t no literature, and the little she did posses8 was eoufined to the ro_yal an<l priestly families. Their

PHYSICAL principal literature-aside from their religious-almost their only literature, was treatises on Astronomy and other sciences. Astronomy and Geometry are both known to have been in a high degree of perfection, while in chemical and mechanical arts the advancement is attested by the many relics that the cruel band of time has been unable to destroy. Look: at her monuments, obelisks, and pyramids, and then remember that she had an alloy of metals harder than any now known, and the art of making which she alone knew and which perished with her downfall. These all attest her advancement in mechanical arts, which must have grown directly out of Physics, and were a 路part of that science. Look at her embalmed bodies still preserved after so many centul'ies, showing the vast knowledge of Chemistry then known. In Literature she cannot be said to have been superior to other nations of her time; yet her civilization was the first of the world, and in Science she stood without a peer. The conclusion is irresistible th.at her greatness was the result of her advancement in Science. Athens, for three quarters of a centnry proud mistress of Greece and of the world, had a literature-was, indeed, in an important sense, the moth0r of Literature. But not until Science had taught her to vanquish her enemies and advance her splendor did she truly begin to live. Nor is she less renowned for her arts, all of which are products of Sciencet than for her literature. Even in the

SCIENCE.

days of Aristotle the art of writing was in Hs infancy. Study the early history of any nation, and her literature will be found to follow her science in devi3lopment, and so her civilization to depend primarily upon the latter. This is necessarily so from the nature of the case stated above : there is neither time nor use -for Literature until Science has already wrought much for the advancement of civilization, and it can then ouly follow in use a路nd influence the progress of Science. Man must at first labor and worry for his very existence until the powerful hand of Science bas relieved his onerous duties and left him some time for thought and refleetion. Then, and not till then, does he look about him for some means of occupying his leisure-then, and not till then, is Literature born. Science could, and for hundreds of years did, exist without the aid of literature. Not, indeed, in its present state of development; for it has ever been advancing and bids fair to take even greater strides than have yet marked its course. 路 But it was, neverthelese, Science, and as SUl:hdid not fail to make a lasting impression. Literature, on the other hand, could not exist without the aid of Science. Even in its most ancient forms, when the waxe路n plate and the metallic cylinder, aud, a little later, the quaint scroll were its only representatives, it called upon Science to furnish these; and now that it is scattered broadcast from a million printingpresses, it still bows in obeisance to Science, to which it owes its existence.

RICHMOND .COLLEGE

Not only is Literature thus dependent upon Science, but how much would have to be eliminated from the great volume of Literature should we take from it its scientific works, which surely could not have become literature until they were science. Nor can it be urged that Science could not have attained its excellence without the aid of this scientific literature to preserve what it gained from time to time. For, as I have said, it must be Science :first and its advancement before the time of Literature excludes this objection. Grant that it would have been longer attaining the highest development without Literature, surely it can be no argument against it that it used that Literature to which it had given birth to help it to a quicker attainment of what it wa11 gradually reaching without that aid. It may be claimed that Science has a tendency toward infidelity. A moment's reflection, however, will 11how the absurdity of this charge. Physical science is a study of nature as we find it, and of the application of the powers found in nature. If, then, there be a Creator whose is the work of nature-and surely those who urge this objection to Science admit thatthen all true Science, inasmuch as it is a study of nature, must lead the mind back to the Originator of what we find in nature. And whatever fails to do this is not Science, but in the highest degree unscientific, and cannot be urged as an objection to Science any more than can hypocri11y be made an argument against Christianity or deception against houesty. Civilization in its true sense ex-

MESSENGER.

tends to the masses, and is not confined to the few whose hap it is to be born of royal blood. We have shown that until when in the last century Science gave it a previously unknown and unhoped-for means of distribution, Literature had beeu in possession of only the favored few, and its benefits, while in some little degree affecting a11, were chiefly confined to its possessors. Many and especially the great products of Science are such in their very nature that they must reach all and shed upon all their beneficent influences. They are such that men reap their advantages without a full knowledge of them in themselves, and often without even any idea of what has caused their happines11. How few of the masses to-day kuow anything of the history of the steam engine or of its principles! How few can trace the development of scientific agriculture, scientific milling, or, in a word, the application of Science to every industrial art! How many indeed are there who do not even know there is a science in such things. Yet all are beneficiaries of these products, and m'ust be so. We read of men of old who accomplished the most wonderful success in memory and reasoning. Their minds were strong and vigorous because they used them-in the absence of Literature knew they must use them, and so trusted them. With all the boasted literature of to-day you furnish for man all be needs to know (so most men seem to think) already thought and wrought out and placed at his immediate com-

PHYSICAL

SCIENCE. --------

man<l, so that he imagines he can afford to forget, trusting that it is easily in his reach when he desires it again. Thus you take away the necessit!Jfor individual thought and reduce the really thinking men to the lamentable few who think frqm choice. How far this argument is to be urged, I do not attempt to say. Its truth to a certain degree all must admit, and to whatever extent it is admitted, to that extent is it acknowledged that the present state of Literature (which surely is the best) is an actual hindrance to the highest development of mind, and so to civilization. That war has often been necessary among the nations of earth no ma11 can presume to deny, and that the arts of warfare have all been due to products of scientific thought must likewise be admitted. It may indeed be said that one of the very aims and highest evidences of civilization is the ability of nations to conduct their af- . fairs without the necessity for war. Grant it. Still, it must be yielded that whaternr the ideal civilization may be, that was not an original idea with those who conducted the affairs of nations, and that men have not even yet reached that point. Meanwhile it is certainly true that war is sometimes inevitable. What is the influence of Science on warfare? Is it not to make it less destructive and at the same time more quickly determined in its issues? Every touch of Science on the methods of warfare has lessened its destructive results by increasin.g its powers for destroying. Men now do uot, for the most part, come into immediate contact in bat-

tle, and the sad stories of the thousands whom history tells us died on a single field, are now never written. Yet our wars are shorter and in every way less horrible and brutal than-i:i former times. This change can, it seems to me, be attributed to nothing el;,,ethan the more scientific methods (if indeed that term can be at all applied tq -the methods of the ancie11ts) hy which it is no,v conducted. The pen may be "mightier than the sword," but it must be remembered that pen and sword are alike products of Science, which, while it continually enhances the value of the pen, it at the same time diminishes the destructive results of the sword, thus making both alike do their part in the l-ivilization of the world. Science prevents superstition. Without it, therefore, if it had been possible to have a literature, that literature would have been filled with superstition. Examine the remnants of ancient legends and traditions, and in them all you find evidences of the superstition that everywhere filled the minds of the people. The pages of history, compiled from these traditions, again and again tell of battles lost and nations whelmed in ruin because of the superstition concerning an eclipse of the sun or moon, or a thpuder-storm. The whole planetary system, being wholly misunderstood by the ancient mind, was conceived of as a system of gods and goddesses. Even tho earth it5elf and the seasons were thought to be directly under the influence of several deities whose pleasure or displeasure was manifested by abundant

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

harvests and delightfnl weather in the one case, or by parching drought and severe seasons in the other. This i!lea-tbis peopling all nature with a strange system of innumerable deities-wrought an influence manifestly evil and adverse to civilization, and which Literature could never have counteracted or checked, but with which it would rather h&ve been filled. Se1ence, th us working all things for the good of the raee, kept Literature in the background, until by correct observation aud intelligent study of nature in all its various parts, she had dispelled the superstition that filled the minds of the people. Then she brought forth Literature, and gave to it a mission in ,;vhich it has ever since been serving the great eternal truths that underlie true Science. May we particularize upon the benefits of Science, pointing out some of the achievement'l of this so potent factor in the world's ei vilization ? With the roll of ages the vast numbers of the human race grew innumerable, and the soil, tilled as in primeval days, had no longer been able to yielrl to these countless millions the " staff of life" had not Science, applied to agriculture, taught the farmer to plunge deeper into the rich earth 1 '.1nd by his growing skill to bring thence in ever-increasing quantities the bounties upon which man must live. We need but use our eyes and mind to find on every hand abundant attestations to the labors of Science, to which civilized people owe an unmeasured debt of gratitude.

MESSENGER.

vVhcre is the volume rn all the range of Literature that can be compared in its effects upon civilization to the i,wention of the applications of steam ? vVhat history can be compared to the railroad; what philosophical work tp the steamer that defies the storms of the rugged and roaring deep ? What poem walks hand in hand with mauufaetories? What novel is not surpassed by the telegraph? Nor is this all. We might discourse at length upon the ad vantages of the telephone, the street car, the electric light. Or, turning to rural life, we might occupy hours in telling the advantages of harvesting and threshing machines, cntton gins, improved plows and machines of every kind. In household economy we might tell of sewing macl,ines, cooking stoves, and the many other in valuable products of Science. And when we were exhausted iu the praises of these and their relati011s, indispensable and indisputable, to civilization, the story would be but begun. Literature might forever have speculated about the . Western Passage and the discovery of a new world, (hardly, however, without something of Science) but it was Science that taught the daring Columbus to trust his feeble bark to the raging billows and fearful storms of old ocean, and Science that led him safely to the verdant shores of the New World. Now that so much has been achieved-such vast possibilitiee have been realizedLiterature can sing in enrapturing strains of the glories of America and the heroes who achieved that glory.

IN TIIB MOUNTAINS, But in this she docs what ever she must: follows the progress of Science and sits enthroned where Scienee has made her a habitation. Could Literature have ever produced , for man the minerals that have been of such inestimable service in the civilization of the world? It was Science that taught, and only Science that could teach man to sink the shaft aud drive the pointed pick, briuging from the interior of the earth bou11Lllcss treasures of coal and iron, silver and gold, that nature had for untold ages kept locked up in those subterranean vaults in safe-keeping for the use of man in this later day. Who can calculate the value of these treasures gotten from tl1e "rock-ribbe<l and ancient earth," or estimate their influence upon c1,路ilizatiou? Science not only teaches man that the cal'th has these rich vaults, but likewise points out to him that he spend not bis means and labor where they would avail nothing. But utility is not the only recommendation of Science, just as work and gain are not the characteristics aml evideuceK of a eivilizcd people. Civilized men must look to their

lite

comfort and enjoyment, to the pleasures of sense, and so they seek to beautify their houses and adorn the world in which they liYe. I need only mention that for the beauty and symmetry of this world beyond what Dame Nature bas herself arranged, men have invoked the kindly aud indispensahle aid of Science, whether it be for parks and buildings and other grand and magnificent features of the city, or the more simple beauties and decorations of rural life. 'l'ruly, Science, thou art a goddess fair, to whom, since the day of his terrible fall, man has looked for bis civilizatiou an<l adyaucement, and at whose shrine he has ever knelt an bnmble suppliant. Ever faithful, too, hast t.hou been, seuding to obey thy mandates every servant, and among them thL\ powerful Literature, that coul<l be of service in responding to tlie criwi11gs of struggling man. Go 011 in thy work of love, and may yet greater and greater achievements be wrought by thy mighty liand, whose every stroke makes glad the heart of man.

T. 0. Z.

lUountains.

We were sitting on the door-steps of an old-fashioned, s11uare country house, with its low roof at~d large, airy rooms and spacious halls. At the foot of the hill upon which the house stood, rnn a rivl'r , h1路oad and rapid, almost eonccale<l rrom view by the dense syeatnol'es tLat gt路e\\路 along

its banks. Rushing down on the other side aud entering the river almost at right angles is a model mountain stream, as wild and dashing as the deer that foecl along its banks. Beyond the creek rises bill after hill, mountain stacked upon mountain until they rear their lofty beads amollg

RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.

the clouds, and with their summits seemed to pierce the clear, blue sky. It was evening. The sun was just beginning to hide himself behind the tallest peak of all the range. The cloudy mist that hung in the western sky gathered the rays of light and sent them down in the vall ey softened and tinte<l with red. Beautiful past description was the scene. We sat spell-bound until darkness had gathered round us, .when one of the party broke the silen~e by proposing that we climb to the topmost point in the range on the morrow; which at once met with a hearty approval. The enti re party at once entered into a discussion as to the time when we should start and the most practicable route to take. " You had better start as early as possible," said one; "by daylight, I should say, for you can't possibly get back here before :five o'clock in the afternoon." " 0 h," replied a timid voice, "surely not. I never walked more than three miles at once in my life. It is not more than that to the top of that mountain, is it?" '' It is three miles and a half to its fvot," I said. "Oh, well, then," said one, "we will carry a basket of dinner with us and have a pic-nic ou top of the mountain. Won't it be fine to feast, like the Olympia11 gods, among the clouds?" "Mag11iliceut, " sang out all in a chorus. "No, said he who was leader and guide, " there is not a sign of a path from here to the top, and a great deal uf the way is almost perJJendicular,

where yon will do well to get yourselves up by clinging on the jutting rocks and treacherous bushes. If we go to the top we must forego the pleasure of feasting. N evcrf:hcless, it is necessary to carry along water, for not a drop will we see until we return, for that mountain, ns its name implies, is but a masH of ::ito11e. The only practica Âˇble way is for each man, soldier-fashion, to strap to his side a slice of bread and canteen ut' water." Thus after s1ime discussion it was decided, and we accordingly prepared ourselves. We were o:f promptly next morning. But before we began the ascent we supplied ourselves,each man, with an alpeu-::ltock-that is, a long, strong stick, sharpened at one en<l, with which, by driving jt into the ground and crevices in the rocks, we would sa, Âˇe ourselves during the day mauy a :,]ip and fall. "]'orward, march ! " cried the guide. Up we went. For an hour we boldly struggled up the steep mountain side. Haviug reached a large cliff that jutted out from the side of the mountain, we threw ourselves upon the ground, panting for breath. _But not long were we allowed to rest, for the sun dispelling the mist, told us that the day was raJJidly a<lvancing. So on we went. And the farther we got the steeper the ascent seemed to grow, hut we struggled on, sometimes stopping for a moment with one hand grasping a bush and with the other leaniug against the alpen-stock, carefully placed. At last, after much hard labor, we gained the summit, wearied and overcome, when the beauty and

SIR WALTER

SCOTT.

------

grandeur of the scene broke upon us we forgot everything but to gaze upon the varied and beautiful prospect before us. Below us on the east was the beautiful little valley we had just left. Here were the green pastures specked with herds of grazing cattle and sheep. There we could trace the river winding its way gracefully among the hills. And still farther beyond the valley towered mountains even mightier than the one on whicl1 we stood. There were the great Unakas, famous in Indian legend as the seat of the gods, from which the great Mamtou watched over his people. In the south was tho old round mountain, conspicuous for its shape. Farther to the south were the "Smokies," and how well do they deserve their uame, for we could scarcely distinguish their ontlines through the smoke aml mist that was gathered abont them. To the west as far as the eye con ld r J,wh extended the fertile valleys of the Holston and French Broad. Than this, there is no finer country in t lieworld. No wonder that itis sai 1 vf Daniel Boone and his comp :t 1ions, that when they climbed to the tot) of the mountain, in western

Sir

Walter

The dawning decades of the nineteenth century gave ample promise of unparal1ed progress in every department of human affairs, and especially in the world of letters a promise that hsa been abundantly fulfilled.

North Carolina, and looked down upon the broad valley and saw the giant oak,; temptingly inviting the woodsman and pioneer, and the vast herds of lrnffalo feeding under the broad-sprea(li ng branches of oak- and sugar-trees, they wept for joy that at last they had found a land of plenty, the land of perpetual youth. When they returned to their countrymen and told them of what they had seen, they were laughed to scorn and told that such a country as they described was impossible. While we were gazing upon all this beauty and grandeur, the sun had passed the meridian, and was rapidly sinking in the west. So we began to descend. But hardly had we started when a cloud gathered round us, the lightning began to play, and the thunders to clash and echo along the clifts. We were in the midst of a thunderstorm. It was the height of sublimity. We hurried down, rolling and tumbling sometimes like the stones we started with our feet. But at last we arrived safely at the bottom, happier and healthier for what we had done and seen. MOUNTAINEER.

Scott.

Four names in the history of literature at this time-Scott and Wordsworth iu the Old World, Washington Irving and William Cullen Bryant in the Now-constitute a q uartette whose memory will never die.

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

The poetry of Wordsworth provoked from James Russell Lowell this rapturous exclamation: "What golden rounds of verse do we see stretching heavenward, with angels ascending and descending! What haunting harmonies hov er around us, deep and eternal, like the undying barytone of the sea! " Of Washington Irving, Thackeray said: "In America, love and regard for Irving is a national sentiment." Christopher North characterizes Bryant 's " Thanatopsis "-the best-known of American â€˘ poems-as "a noble exampl e of true poetical enthusiasm," and adds that "it alone would establish the author's claims to the honors of genius." But the subject of this sketch deserves and has perhaps received th e richest meed of praise that has accrued to any author whose career has helped to brighten the record of a century that has witnessed the most stupendous achievements and the most splendid displays of genius the world has yet seen. Sir Walter Scott did infinitely more for mankind than his renown ed contemporary, Napoleon Bonaparte-infinitely more tha1'l. any of the proud heroes whose daring deeds inspired his classic pen. Patient and energetic, yet full of the fire of romance, he diligently addressed himself to the task of clothing historic events and important truths in the popular garb of fiction. H e taught patriqtism in the en chanting strains of poetic fancy, and by the enticing beauty of romantic imagination he

MESSENGER.

sought to in spire the mind s aI\,d heart s of the masses with love for the purest and be st in national an<l domestic life. His own every -day life was but the illustration and expansion of his be st thought s, and was more beautifnl than any of hiB charming stories. Born in 1771, at a time when his country, Great Britain, wa s rea ching out with an insatiable desire for increased power and multiplied possessions, he early showed himself superior to the spirit of the nation and of the age in which he lived, and in the midst of gra::iping avarice and towering ambition he strove to inspire his countrymen with a nobler passion thau pride of rank or greed for gain. Thongh nev er strong physically, and often a great sufferer-perplexed in mind and afRicted in body-yet with iron will and lofty purpose he tsaked himself with the stints ofagiant, and with the zeal and ardor that characterized his earliest endeavors, he toiled on to the end of his life. And when, in 1832, hi,, laborious and useful life ended i II a calm and peaceful death, not only his own country, but the world at large, sustained a loss that cannot be easily repaired-a loss that is still felt aud lamented, for no geniu s has yet arisen to fill the vacancy cau sed by his death, or to carry forward the spl endid work that engaged the warm heart and powerful intellect of Sir Walt er Scott.

W. B. L,

scrn:NCE

NOTES.

SCIENCE NOTES. The National Geographic Society has been organized at ,Vashington for the purpose of promoting geographical knowledge. It was organized in 18.88, and has formed itself into £.ve sections: Those of the geography of the land ; of the sea; of the air; of the geographic distribution of life ; and of abstract geographic art. The Society projects a physical atlas of the United States. A plan has been presented before the British Association for storing the surplus waters of the flood of the Nile in the depression called the Raian Basin, to be drawn off again to irrigate the lauds of Egypt in the dry season. It is said that enough of water can be stored away to supply the demands for ninety days. Such a reservoir would increase the area and the productive wealth of Egypt more than one third. The Electric World gives a partial list of the patents taken out by Mr. Thomas A. Edison. It is as follows: Telegraphy, 131; electric lights, 108; distribution, 66; generation, 107; railways, 8; telephones, 32; phonograph, 21; the total number, including many not enumerated., is 493, besides over 300 applications for patents pending. The Scientific American states that careful tests in some of the most prominent manufactories in this country show that in nearly every instance at least £.fty per cent. of the steam pow -

er produced is wasted, while sixty to seventy-three per cent. of wastage is not uncommon. • In one instance, where the engine was developing sixty-horse power, eleven-twelfths of this amount was wasted in friction and use1ess work, and only £.ve-horse power was available for purposes of manufacture. The largest wheel in the world is now waiting shipment from the Dickson Manufacturing Company's shops at Scranton, Penn. The wheel is 54 fe.et in diameter, is armed with 432 teeth, and weighs 200 tons. It is to be used by the mining company to throw waste copper out of the mine into the lake. To give an idea of its powers in this direction, it is estimated that it can receive and elevate enough sand every twenty-four hours to cover an acre of land to the depth of a foot. The following eloquent description of the icebergs near the coasts of Newfoundland appeared in a recent number of the Daily Telegraph, and was signed, " Ed win Arnold": " The icebergs are unfortunately most to be expected in those summer months · when alone the navigation is open. The first heats of the brief but hot Arctic sunshine set in rapid motion the glaciers of Labrador and Greenland. These vast storehouses of gathered and consolidated snow glide to the edge of the tremendous precipices of the Winter Lands, and, falling over them in monstrous masses, crash into

RICHMOND COLLEGE J\HJRSE:YGER.

the deep water with shocks which send thunder-peals through the still Polar air, and perturb the ocean far with rolling waves. Then, committed by this awful launch to the southward-going currents, the great broken, glittering mass goes solemnly sailing away in the unwonted sunshine. As it floats, the water, warmer than the air, melts its lower portion gradually, and detached pieces also fall from the visible part until the equilibrium becomes destroyed and the colossal block cap::izes with a secoud shock, startling the ocean for leagues around." DIPSOMANIA,

OR THIRST-MADNES

S.-

man in this condition is a monolhaniac, and shonl<l be treated as one. If put under propee restraint at the commencement of thisf1tl'or, the dipsomaniac, in nine cases out of ten, might be tided over hi s difficulty in the couese of a week, and a perseverance in the course at the recurrence of the hallu cination would probably eventuate in a complete cure. It is not easy to persuade the ,vorld that all drunkenness is not voluntary. The law does not recognize dipsomania. It treats all inebriates alike. This seems to be unjust, though it is hard to say where the line should be drawn between free-will excess and that which proceeds from an uncontrollable mania.-Muriford's Magazim.

The periodical desire for strong drink which sometimes besets individuals SouTHERN PROGREss.-The Mam1otherwise i:noral and exemplary, is a species of paroxysmal mania beyond facturers' Record's resume of new Souththe control of the patient. It is quite ern industries for the first nine mouths certaiu that there are thousands of of the present year shows a total of cases of remittent dnmkenness, which 4,053, as compared with 2,942 in presents the specific symptoms of dis- 1888, 2,594 in 1887, and 1,175 in 1886, ease. The periodical drunkard is not as currently recorded in the columns an habitual dram-drinker. But at of that publication. These fignres particular times he appears to be at- include 825 saw, planing, and shingle tacked with a thirst-madn ess which de- mill, sashÂˇ and door, stave or other prives him of the power of volition, wood-working enterprises, as comand hurries him into the most terrible pared with 626 in 1888, 512 iu 1887, excesses. During the interval between and 362 in 1886. There are also rethe paroxysms he may be _a perfectly ported 10 agricultural implemeut factories, 61 furniture factories, and 42 sober man. For many weeks, and even months, carriage and wagon factories. Adding these to the mil]f, and other woodhe may have steadily refused to taste a drop of liquor; may indeed have woeking establishments, a total of 938 felt no inclination for it, but on the new enterprises in nine months is contrary regarded it with disgust. given, as compared with 626 depenAnd yet, when the fit comes on, the dent upon mineral resourceR, incluraging thirst for alcohol utterly par- ding mining and quarrying, iron furalyzes his conscience and his will. A naces, machine shops aud foundries,

RCU:NCE NOTES. sto\re foundries, rolling mills, miscellaneous iron works, pipe works, etc. Flour mills, cotton mills, cotton compresses, cotton seed oil and canning factories make np a total of 405. It will thus be seen that from an industrial standpoint forestry products and manufactures therefrom greatly overshadow all other resources in the South in rapidity of development.&ientific Aml'rirÂˇan. LE:E'T-LEGGEDNEss.-A paper on "Left-Leggedness" was read before the British Association by Dr. W. K. Sibley, who said that Professor Ball, in "Le Dualisme Cerebral," speaks of man as a right-handed animal. Being right-handed, it is popularly assumed that he is also right-legged, but this does not appear to be the case. Standing working with the right hand, there is a tendency to use the left leg for l,alance. Many peopte find less exertion in going round circles to the right than in circles to the left. 1-face paths are nearly always made for running in cir'Jles to the right. So the majority of movements are more readily performed to the right, as in dancing, running, etc. The rule in walking is to keep to the right, and this appears to be almost universal. It is more natural to bear to the right. Of a large number of people from the better educated. classes asked ahout tha existence of this rule, ouly 67 per cent. males and 53 per cent. females were aware of the rule. The large majority obey it uneousciously in walking. Crowds

tend to bear to the right. The left leg beiug the stronger, it is more readily brought into action. Hence troops start off with the left foot. It is the foot which is put into the stirrup of the saddle or step of the bicycle iu mounting. So the left is the foot which a man takes off from in jumprng. In the experiments of Mr. G. H. Darwin, blindfolding boys and telling them to walk straight, the righthanded ones diverged to the right, and vice, rersa. From measurements of Dr. Garson of the skeletons of the two legs, in 54.3 per cent. the left was the longer, and in 35.8 the right. For measurements of the feet, the author collected the c.lrawings and measurements of 200 pairs, with the result that in 44 per cent. the left was longer, in 2.15 per cent. the right, and in 34.5 per cent. they were the same size. MeasuremMt at the :first joint gave 56 per cent. left larger, and at the instep 42.5 per cent. From the table of the figures h is observed that the left foot is more frequently the larger in the male than female sex, and the percentage of feet of the same size is greater in the female. The percentage of the right larger than the left is very constant, whereas the numbers of the left larger and those in which both feet were the same size are m ueh more variable. Man, being naturally or a.rtifi<.:iallyright-handed and left-legged. tends unconsciously to bear to the right; lower animals, on the other hand, appear nearly always to circle to the riÂľ;ht.-Scienti/ic: American.

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

MESSENGER.

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT. With this issue of the MESSEN GER it passes into the hands of a new corp s of editors, and in assuming the editorial responsibility, we have no policy to announce other than the sincere desire to make the MESSENGER as vigorous in the future as it has been in the past. Whether we shall be successful we shall let our readers decide, or whether our task shall be a pleasant or an unple sant one we cannot say. But we shall take up the work laid down by our predecessors, and shall endeavor 路 to make each 路 number a credit to the Literary Societies and the collegewhose interests 路 it represents, and a true advocate of all that is grand, and noble, and true in life. In order to do this we must have the assistance of the students and friends of the institution. Let the students make use of the columns of the MESSENGERby handiug to the Literary Editor a well-prepared manuscript on some popular theme, and by this means be a help to self, and push forward the work of the MESSENGER. A noble thought buried deeply in the heart brings no real enjoyment to its possessor, nor does it take any part in the great battle between vice, falsehood, ignorance, anil folly on the one side, and virtue, truth, knowledge, and wisdom on the other. Many worthy ideas are lost because they are not sent adrift upon the world, and many minds are dwarfed for want of .activity. So we ask the co-operation of all, and hoping that the MESSENGERwill

be well patronized -during the present college session, we make our bow and enter the sanctum. A serious word is needed in reference to the use, or . abuse, of our Literary Societies by quite a number of the members of those Societies. There are in each Society several gentlemen whose chief aim seems to be to find or to afford amusement in some way, and when the programme ceases to be entertaining to them, they offer a mDtion to adjourn, usually right in the midst of the most important part of the business exercises. To them the session of the Society is a frolic, or it is nothing. Of course, nobody objects to a little fun. Genuine wit and humor should rather be encouraged. It is decidedly beneficial But those who have no higher aim in life than to make monkeys of themselves can surely find a more appropriate sphere in which to exercise their talents than in a literary society. There 路 are some who earnestly desire to make serious and solid preparation for the great work of life. They pay for the advantages afforded by the Society. They svend time and labor in th 3 effort to make the best use of those advantages. It is u.njust-not to say dishonest-to hinder them in the prosecution of their ob- . ject. Another thing. Each Society awards two medals-one for best debater, one for improvement in debate. It not unfrequently happens that some who

EDITORIAL

DEPARTMENT.

. do nothing in the Society, except to hinder its work, until the time draws near for the medals to be awarded, suddenly become zealous workers, in the hope of bearing off these honors. Let it be remembered that the constant, steady, faithful workers decide, by their votes, who sha11 have these medals; ancl those earnest workers possess remarkably good memories. It is safe to say that those who do the best work, and the largest amount of work, usually, if not always, carry off the honors. We earnestly wish, and with some degree of confideuee hope, that during this college year the Societies may be characterized by work of an unusually high order, so that at its close we can look back with pride and satisfaction upon the reeord of the Societies for 1889-90. What use is to be made of the odd moments outside of the regular line of work? This question should invite the attention of every student. These odd moments come every day, and if a proper use is made of them, a large amount of knowledge can be obtained which wi]] in the future if not at present, well repay for the time spent in obtaining it. The Sunda!J School Times has the following upon this subject: "It is the study whicli a man does at his odd minutes rather than his study at regular hours of study, which is likely to give him his superiority aR a scholar. And this sort of stutly almost any man can find ti,ue for, whatever is his ordinary occupation. ~\fen nowadays talk of eight hourfl a <lay all

a fu]l day's work ;;but;the -man .whose daily work isJlimitcd to eight~hours has spare time enough fur all needful rest and recreation and for sufficient study to make him before long a man of marked attainments in;almost any line of acquired knowledge. Even if his regular work covers ten or twelve hours a day, he still has time enough to make steady progress in various lines of speeial study. The men who have made their mark in the world as Âˇ eminent scholars, or as students of exceptional proficiency in particular lines of research, or as experts in this or that direction of practical knowledge, have rarely been men who had nothing else to do but to fit themselves for the sphere in which they attained highest distinction. In most cases they gained their pre-eminence through a wise use of the spare tim~ which they had, above the honrs of their regular daily duties. A11J there are few young me11to-day so elosely occupied by what they call their regular work, that they might not find time to prepare themselves by svecial study at odd rni nutes for a place among the profkients in almost any department of human knowledge. It is true that they may not care to <lo this, and that they may not feel like working hard in another direction after having worked " all day" at that which gives them Âˇtheir daily breacl, or to the doing of which they are bouud in honor. But that is a matter of i.nclination rather than a question of practicability. No rnau is likely to make high attainment in any sphere unless he is willing to do more every day than a " regular day's

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

work," and nnless he is ready to do extra work when he does not fed like <loing anything. This is as true in the case of one whose regular work is that of systematic study, as of one whose study is supplemental to work of a different sort. If, indeed, a, man can have study as his prindpal occupation, he has a fine start in the pursuit of knowledge; but in any case he muRt work out of regular hours as well as in them, and must wol"k whether he likes it or uot, if h e would be a man of mark in the line of his life studies; and the young man who is ready to do this can hope for high attainment aecorclingly, even though he is not privileged just now to give himself wholly to study."

MESSENGER.

English language, that a thought can be made known in a multituile of ways. So, we sec that manner of expression is an arbitrary matter with an author. Now, for what reason mry we 11ot grant the same privilege to the student? Since thought and not language is the thing of i 111po1"ta 11cc,why not allow the student to arri, Âˇe at the same conclusion as '10('" the author, but in that style of cx11rescion with which he is moRt familiar? If the author arbitrarily chooses forms of evpression, we claim that the student also should be allowed bis choice of habilamcnts with which to clothe the same ideas. Otherwise, his freedom of expre,.,l:lion i,, cramped and idiomatic peculiarities destroyed. In teachThere is no college custom that de- ing a child, imitation is a cardinal It must make letters exserves morn general and decided dep- principle. recation than that which, in daily re- actly like some model; this is abso1utely necessary. But a student, with citatio .ns and also in examinations, requires of a student the exact words ordinary mental ability, sees different ways of making letters admissible, of an author. The only good thiug we can say about it is that it is a tol- distinct forms of expressing an idea erauly good process for training the admissible, and so his mind naturally memory. As a task for the memory revolts at close imitation of an author {t has some good feature,;, bnt these in expressions arbitrarily chosen. A distinct phase .of this custom is are cou1,tcracted by its damaging results. Undoubtedly, it hinder,; origi- the requirement to give, in regular order, an author's arraugement of nality of thought in expression. If there were only a single way in facts, illustrations, &c., arbitrarily positioned. If there be no peculiar feawhich an ide ,L could be expressed, tnres in the arrangement, no underthen, nece,;sarily, the author's expreslying principle causing sequence, no sion should be thoroughly known. between different Borne idea,;, it iti true, are known by interdepenclence means of technical words and idiom- paragraphs, sectioni:;, &c., for what atic expressions; and co11sec1nently reason should a profer,sor attach importance to such arrangements and their reprci:;e11tation iR fixed. TheRc, however, arc unusual. expect the student to give it verbaIn fact, such iil the freedom of the tim ? vVhen there is 110significa11<:L'

LOCALS. - ----

in arrangement, no should be laid upon So, our conclusion er who requires the

special emphasis it. is that the teachrecital in a cer-

-----

tain order of particulars not affected l1y position, misleads the student into the belief that there is some peculiar virtue in the arrangement.

LOCALS. [ Editors-MAURICE

THOMAS,

"Do you like (me) honey?" "Ah!

boys, let the girls alone."

Mr. D. says you mqst not monkey with a wet" Rat." Another bag of chesnuts ! Why is an old maid like the third conjugation of a Latin verb? Because she .has no bo (beau) for the future.

Mr. H., in Phil. : "I have in the 'course of time' when I was .a boy and used to go in washing, took notice of that myself." One of our luminous "Rats" wants to know where he can buy a bottle of invisible ink; he wants to mark his clothes. Mr. D. to Mr. J.: "Say, old boy, arc you engaged? " J. (mournfully): "No, but I used to be." New "Boots" to old "Boots: "Say, Henry, what's the matter with this thing you call a hydrant out here Âˇr I pulled and pull0<l at the thiug until I

B. B.

ROBINSON.]

nearly pulled my arms out of socket and haven't got a drop of water out of it yet."

Mr. D., in passing a marble-yard and seeing a number of tombstones, said he had no idea that they buried people so near together in Richmond. Mr. D.: "Never look at the teeth of a gifted horse."

It is rumored that Mr. F. has joined the Salvation army. Mr. J.: "How do yon pronounce Lm-a-g-i-n-e, image? " Mr. H. (on electric car): "Oh, my, the 'trolly's off,' and its no telling how long we will have to wait." Mr. W.: '' Oh, sit down, you are long enough to wait." Mr. L. says his girl is coming to Richmond this winter, "and if she doesn't send him her address he won't go to see her."

Mr. W. (studying Greek): "Sa_y, R,, is not the accent on T W circumflex on the W?"

JUC'lL\10:XD COLLEGE

l>rof. P. to Mr. Vv.: "Do you stu<ly Greek?" Mr. 1rV.(with a pu,,:zlerl look: "I think I do; yes, sir." Look out for a great catastrophe. ~fr. R. has subscribed for a religious paper.

Mr. vV. to L. : "Are you going to be a preacher? " "nfr. L.: "No, sir. I am a ministerial 'Rtudent.' "

:.\lER~ENGER.

Court proceedings merous.

are not so nu-

Hon. ("Eel") U., waiting for an cleetric car, to venerable colored specimen, passing: "t:,ay, aretbe cars running this year?" "Boss, what's de matter wid you? Is you dead, or "ha.s all yer seuses let' you? Youse in Richmond now. You aint rn Manchester, where you b'longR."

Mr. II., of Baltimore, thinks that the toe-pullers must have wings, to :.\fr. D. to :.\fr. IL : " Come and kisc; flit in at the window and hurt the me." feelings of his tender(?) toe, causing Mr. H. : "An<l then prty a doctor's him to utter certain ejaculations that bill. I guess not." broke the stillness of the early rnornProf. II. to ~fr. H.: '路 Decline lo- rng .. gos, please." Mr. W., reciting in Phil.: "Iu the ~fr. B. : "N ominati rn, logos; ge11ear we find a vibrating tin-pan and a itiYe, logbouse ." lot of 'cussed' bones." Prof. H. : " Next." are

:.\fr. II.: "Say, G., I'm going to stay at Richmond Colk,ge until I get my D. D., or my uame ain't IL"

What to him was love or hope! ,Yhat to him was joy or care? [le steppe<l on a plug of Irish soap The girl had left on the topmost stair; And liis feet flew out like wild, fierce things, And he struck each stair 路with a sound like a clrum, An<l the girl below with the scrubbing things, Laughed like a :fiencl to see him come:

::vI:r.L. : " Professor, is not eYery li,路ing creature that breathes an animal?"

Prof. II. to ~Ir. ,V. : ",Vhieh the difficult cases in Greek?" Mr. W.: "All of them, sir."

Prof. II. says 路 " ~fr. E. has been wor'sted." Oh, how sweet the earth is smelling, Oh, how lon<l my "old lady" is yellingLouder, shriller, fiercer, higher, "Will you get up and light the fire?"

LOCALS.

Mr. W. Hays he thinks he will have to remain at college another year and take "Dutch and German."

We fear, though, he is not speedy enough to make the pot boil in that -direction.

Prof. to Mr. W.; "Who is an aunt?"' Mr. "\V. : "She is my father's mother."

Prof. P. : "Do you tliink there was any use 111 my _going over this thing again?" :'.\fr. D.: "No, sir. I don't think ther e ,,·a~any use in your going over it in llie first place."

Prof. P.: ",Vould yon say the sun is Ritting or setting?" ::\'lr. D.: '' The sun 1s sitting." (Cheern).

\fr. Ki1ow-i.t-all J. in Greek: "Say, Professor, does Lysias trace this hisProf. P. : " \Vonl<l you say set the tor_von llown to the invasion of Alexhen ot· sit the hen?" ander the Great? " Mr. L.: "t-\it the hen. " (Applan,; e.) Prof.: "No, sir, he wiis not a prn::\Ir. L., again; "Uonlu .)'Oll ,-;ay tl1e phet, and therefore eould not write Rnn is sitting if he had a th1\ 111 c to concerning things which happened sit on?·, · (Cheers.) after his death."

Prof. P. to ?\fr.• J.: "If you should apply heat to a li p1id. l1ow would the tompernture beban l '! ·· ~1r .. J.: ,'. 'l'lH.• temperature ·would fall, sir."

::\Ir. H. (a new arrival) to ::\Ir. L.: "Say, have you writ air letter yet?" Tho sn(,-,. , I h e snow,the beautiful snow, ,-;top on a lump and away you go.

Prof . T. to :Mr. vV.: "Is your i<lea the same as the object?" :Mr. ,V.: "Yes, si.r." Prof. T. : "You have an idea of a cow, have you not, sir? " :'.\fr. vV.: "Yes, sir. " Prof. T. : "Has your _idea got four leo-s ?" b Applause by the deaf and dumb.

Yon

fo Cltcn1i,-!ry.-Prof. P. to Mr. T.: "Say, T., cuuld you make the pot boil? " ·::\[r. T.: "Ko, sir; T would have to depend npon my father-in-law." ' ::\[r. R. : "If the Prof. Juul asked me I •would have said yes sir, in a hnrrv. '' Tl~o roas1m why ~fr. R. wonkl hrtve sai<l "ye,;'' is quite obvinns. Poor hoy! lie has onr hoarttelt sympathy.

wiklly waved his hand in the breeze, And wondered where next to sock it, For his " old lady" had sent him to find the keys, Which were in his " other pants" pocket.

If Sullivan is locked up for a year, the autumn leaves will be nothing to the nnmber of champiouR who will till tlic world through thi.Hfall.

RWIIMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.

" The tables are turned. C,inadian defaulters are com111g to this country."

"What do you Âˇ do when your mother whips you?" "I'ce cream." "Krss TUE FooL." The moon shed a soft light over the front yard of a resident of Richmond Sunday evening, as a pair of lovers sorrowfully exchanged tender goodbyes at the door, for he would not see her again until the next Sunday. He wanted a kiss, and was exceedingly persevering iu his request. Either she did not want to grant him the favor, or she wanted to hold him longer _; she kept refusing. So intent was he in his purpose, and so interested was the happy maid in his beseechings, that they did not 1iotice the stealthy step of the girl's father as he came in at the gate and hid behind a convenient evergreen. The pleadings were . apparently more effectual in exhausting the old gentleman's patience than the young lady's obstinacy. Finally the father could stand it no longer. "Kiss the fool and let him go," came in familiar tones from the dark shade of the bush. .M:r.F. says he touched the ground only in high places on his way to college, nor has he called since. We hear that our old friends Mess. G. and W. are getting to be very stuck-up, as to their feet. '' You

needn't

keep Uiden your

mischief you."

behind

that Bush.

I see

Ilow \\'C long for our boon companions "Zukcty" and "Peculiar." Ah! those joyous, happy hours tha,t we have spent together, will never, never more r~turn. ~fr. C., in one of bis extempore spceclws , informs us that \VOare not the people that inhabited this globe a century ago. (Mirabile cli<:tu !)

Prof. H. to Mr. W.: "What is the rule for accenting monosyllables?" Mr. W.: "Place the accent on theÂˇ penult, sir." Mr. G., npon being called on to recite and failing to answer promptly, gave as his excntie that he was taking notes. Below arc the notes (?): "It-ah-well (grunt) that-ahit (gru nt)-bccornes the royal senses." Mr. S. to Mr. S.: " Have I any limits 't" Mr. S. : "Y cs, a few; but 110110 to your feet." So breathing rlevotion. he bent his his hca<l over, For it dawned on his mind that hc'<l lit upon clover . Her eyes a11swerccl hack, "Look out for a timaek." A.nd-110, though I wish I could say tl1at he kissed her, . I have to reeord that she had a small sit-1ter, Who "bobbed np serenely" just then, :;o he rnist:ieclher.

LOCALS.

)fr. F. iu Debating

t-lol'ioty, waxing eloqu ent: " A demoniacal grin rested upon his iJlaci(i bro\\'."

~fr. D., of Loudoun, tunate

as to he born

wa~ 80 unfor"Pancake

011

Day." The Rev. )fr. ,V. being callrnl npon sud<lonly to a<ldres::; a Snntlay ::;cl1ool thought lie would get a few 01·iginal idea,; from some of his yonng hearers. "Ohil<lrcu," sai<l he, "I want some of you to tell mo what I shall talk about to-uight. ,Vhat shall I say? " At tir;;t, there wa::; no response. " That b11ight little follow over there, " said he, pointing to a youngster sitting in one of the back seats, " \Vhat sha ll I say that will interest you most?" In a little pi.ping mice came tho auswer, "Say amen, an<l ,,it dowu." .Prof. P. to Mr. F. : " \Vliat is the next point, sir'? " Yl:r. :b'.: "Oonclnsiou, sir." Mr. II.: '' Sa,Y, boys, thi,; is a nice, palata1Jle <lay, i:-m't it?"

~Ir. II. : "Docs Dr. Hyland practice at this college?"

Mr. IL, conjugating the verh to be: "FirRt person, I am; rsecon<l per:;on, I have boon."

proaching from behind, _hegan to hug her; but she thought it was Tommy, aucl so jn::;t leaned lmck and onjoyetl it heartily, and mnrmurc<l "Tighter,"' and it broke the bear all up, and he wout away an<l hid in the forest for three days to get over tho shame.

\fr. X., coming into our Ranctnrn a fow d,~.)'tlago au<l finding u,i with our face all eornred with lather and our ra;,;or in onr halHl, he exclaimed, "II cllo ! Tommy, arc you sluwing?" It may have been a little provoking in us, but nevertheless we informed him i11 a quiet an<l diguific<l mauner that we were nut, but that we were varuishi11g the washstand.

",Vill you plea::;e pa.;,, the i-ihem Y" aske<l )fr. J. at tho Moss Hall. "II,1 \'cn't any," yelled tho .f uclge. "Sornc Japlwt? " queried )fr . .f. "Ain't got none," replied the .Judgc. " I say," chipped in :Mr. K., "what clo you mean by Shem and J aphet?" "l\ othing," re,,poncled )fr. J., dolefully; "nothing, only the Ham is so old aucl musty that I thought the 1·ost of the tribe might he around here somewhere, and I'<l like to ,-,cc ·cm."

Go <lip the bounding o<.:can <lry, UJJset a mountain with a rnateh, Kick ornr the beamiug stars on high, Or nickeb from a miser snatch. "Oh! I'm goiug back to college Herd cattle \\-ith a tiny monse, To get a little knowledge." From whiskey wean a cowboy true, ·while a Maryland girl " ·a,; ,-,i'.ti.11g Tho glim of heaven with spittle douse, Bnt neH·r, never <loubt my love for un_dcr a tree waiting for licl' lon .:r a you! grizzly l>em· ca11rn alo11g, and, :tp-

lUCIIMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.

Prof. P. to ~Ir. 'rV. : "Define the wor<l excavate." ~lr. \V.: "It means to hollow out." Prof. I'.: "Uonstruet a sentence in whieh the word is used properly." ~{r. \\T.: "The baby exeavates when it gets hurt." Rhe waR declaiming" Tbe Launching of the 'Ship," al)(l as a "·ith a tender nJiee Rhe exelaime<l, '•Jlow lwantit'ul ,;lie i,,, how fair, Slte lie,; witl1i11 tl1osc ar111sthat press 11er li,rn1 with many a Roft carci;;s, Oi tenderness a11ll watehfu] care! " Tl1c profos,-or rolled bis eyes in ec,;taey and wl1ist1crcJ, "Beautifnl, heautiful figure!" and the boys held each other down in their places an<l srnaekecl their jnicy lips. t-,ueh, alas! are the telllptatio11,; of eo-cclucation.

"It 1,; a111wnnee<l that the tomb of Yfrgil, at Posilippo, is for sale. Here i,; a rare elrnnce for a clas,;ical scholar, a e()llcetor of brie-a-brnc, or a <lime mn:-1eum, aver,; the :N'cw Yurk Sw,. -Who'll buy Virgil',; tomb! "A,; the e11tert1rising Cliicago geutlemen who purchased Libb,· Prison fo1·exhibitiun pnrpo:-cs lrnd their prim spilled iu the diteh by a railroad aceidcnt, perhap,; they might try another ve11tnrc in the Khape of the rnortal dust of the Mantuau Hwa11. 'l'l1cn tl1vn· iHthe gentleman wl10 ofti.·rcd tl1l' Hpanir-,h anthoritie,; a 1·01111d ,;·1111 it' tlil'y would lend him thL' bone,; of U,,111111'.iu,; for a few vear,; that he might take it aronntl tlrn LT11itl'd Ntate;; -for cxliiuition. He might makl' a good thi11g lJ_Y ,;]1owing tlil' \·i1·..;ilia11 n1ound 1l1rough a eirl'nit of u11i,·crHity towns. \Ve feel that

there is big money in tl1is scheme, if 011ly the right varties ean be indueed to take hold of it and pnsh it."

The National Jl[agr1zi11e for N overnamong other articles "Cornvarntive Philology," by l')rofossor Schele de Vere, l'h. I>., .T. F. D. of the University of Vil'gi11;.1; '· Political Seiencc," by Prote,,,11,r HHrmoml Mayo Smith, A. ~\f., nl' (',,lt1111bia College, antl "Shak-.r1pea:·c:," l,y F. \V. lfarkllls, Ph.D., Chancellor of the new .National lr11i,·ersity of Chicago, wboRe in,,trnetio11 by rnail and University E:d• ·11 ci-1111 ;-,_rntemfor noure,;idents n"w meeting with sueh favor, will al,;o be L'xplaiued iu this number. In future 11umber1;will appear a symposium eornprising- articles by J>rominent scholar1rnnd Htatesmcn gi,·-. i ug t 11('i r opinions on loadi11g 1uestio11,;, ,-ud1 a1, "Darwin's Theory," "T: 1cChi 11escQuestion," "Socialism,·, auJ ' , 'boul<l Immigration be Restricted?" Published the tirst of eaeh month, at 147 Throop Rtrcct, Chicago. Subscription price, $1 a year. Sample copy, 10 cents. ber will contain

Teaeher: ":N' ame some of tho moRt importaut things exiRti11gto-day which were unknown one hundred years ago.'' Tommy: "Us."

Mr. IL, while opening- a windo"', remarked, "Boys. ['11 open a window and let some temperatnre in."

Prof. P. has made a diseoYcry. He says tliat Mr. 11. hat\" three grain.; of sern,e."

LOCAL~. Prof. TI.: " Of what clocs northern Greece consist?" ~[r. X.: " .Of ,'p ain and PoI"tugal. '' The following are some of the questions asked concerning Mr. M. by so me yonng larlie,; on whom he called: "Is not he a Rat?" ""rho is his roommate?" '·Do you suppose his mother kno,vs he iR out? " "Has be got good sense?" "Is he crazy?" And thou one remarked, "I think he is the won<ler of the nineteenth century." ",Vhat <li<lyon say the con<lnctor's mime waR't" "Glass-~fr. Glass.,, "011, no." "But it is." "Impossibleit can't be." "And why not, pray? " "Because, sie, Gh1ss i,; a 1100-eonducto r." "Man,'' says Yietor Hugo, "was the ronundrum of the eighteenth century, woman is the conundrum of the nineteenth ceutnr,r.'' \\re can't guess her' uut Wl' will 110,·ei; gJYe her up-no' never.

}fanrice W. Thomas, the former YieePre,.,i<1cnt, thcrc11po11 he('nme Prc,;ident. Owing to the prcsK of other .duties Mr. Thomas was cornpellccl to resign his position as "ye Local Editor," ancl Mr. II. T. Louthan was electe,l iu l1is stea d. Mr. Louthan, farniliarly known as "Boots," has held this position before, and filled it with much credit both to himself and the grand old t-3ociety which he represents. W c predict for the Locals of this term a far grnater height of wit and humor than ha::, cYer yet been attained.

YEA, VERILY. vn1at doth it profit a man? In the morning be arisoth aucl puttcth on his new spring overcoat and goeth forth humming a jocun<l lay. And when noon is come, lo! the will(l riseth and pre,·aileth o,,er all that region round about. And the prernlency with which it prcrnileth is more prevalent than any other prevalcncy that hath prevailed in all time. Anfl tho win<l lwateth upon that mau, yea, it smitetb him sore.

Ralplt ,Yal<lo Rmernon sai<l: "All healthy thing,; are sweet-tempered.•' "\Ve diffor1rith Ralph. Xow, we kno\\ · a Also cloth it rain, and when e\'en is pcI"foctly healthy rccl-heaclc<l woman, eome, lo! the coat is i-;poiletl ! who iR-well, ,;he jui:\t is, and no misAnd the man taketh unto liimi:\elf a take about it-i. we woulcl like to cold, and wist not what he i,; going to call particnlar attention to onr proper <lo about it. use of with in the above lo<·a1. "\Ye X ow, on the morrow he pntteth on want to make Engli,,h next session, the winter overcoat, lest, perad venand don't you forget it. ture, it be cold even yet again, arnl snoweth. Mr. ,J. X . .fohuson, President of the And, cv~n as 011 the prceeding day ~f u 8igma TUw ~ocicty, left college a fow weckt-1 ag'o i11 order to accept a the weather shifteth itself about and waxeth very hot. position ~u a:1 engineering corps. Mr.

r:,

IUC'TI.\fOND C'OLT,EGE ~fERHE~GER. --

And the mau cloeth likewise, c,路en as the weather \\'axcth he hot. An<l rnany day:-; an,1 many 11ights doth this thi11g coutinne, alld no rnan knoweth the <lay nor the hour when the weather ehangeth. Ycrily, rnrily, what doth it profit a man?

-------

and the Rkill with whi--11 we pound thrcc-lmggers wil1 clieit cnthuiasrn of the ,;pontaneous variety; yet even then we can never forget that the ability to call forth torrents of applause was ubtainecl at your college, and tinder your guiding care. \Vhen we plentifully smear with whitewash the aggregations of misguided. ball-tossers who may have the EXTRA CT. [From the Valedictory of Mr . .J. T. temerity to cross bats with us, the Thueydicles Thrupston, at the Com- shnt-ont and the goo;;e-egg will be so many marks of honor on the record meneement of Harvard Co11ege.J of Harvard College. 路 [ From Timi'.] In all our heroic slides to third, and And to you, our "路orthy ancl honored president and professors, the dose scratches to reach home, through elaRs of '89 renders prof<?nncl an<l all the cheers of friends and the <lisappointed, hopeless yells of foeR, we heartfelt thanks. You have watehed over ns ,,路ith shall ever remember that we are bearzealous care, encouraging when en- ing aloft not only the banner of our great national game, but the honor of conragement was 11eecled, restraining when, as sometimes happened, we our rollege. WM. H. SrYITlm. were illcliucd to leaYe the path of safety. K ow we pass a,vay from your im- 'Twas grumbling and fumbling and tumbling, rn ediate personal care, but your influence will be eyer with nR; and our And rapping and slapping and capsuceess will be the succcsR of onr alma prng, And clashing and. fl.ashing and mashmater. \Vhen we stand in the pitcher's hox, rng, And choaking and soaking and and by curvecl and tortnons delivery ()f L,all propel the opposing team into joking, the centre of the approaching hcbdo- In tl1c game 'twixt !'R. 0." an<l"U. S." rnad, the glory wil1 not be ours alone. VERBATIM. It will belong in 110.m1all measure to our worthy teachers, and to the insti" Aug. 10th, 1889. tution wl1erc we were taught so well. Dear big footed Fricn,l, \\Then'we corral the red-hot groundI \\'rote you a month ago, and have er an<l freeze to it, the plaudits of tho never heard from yon sinee. So will gran<l-staud will not be for us merely, write again. 1 have for the past six but also for the c-ollege on whose rolls weeks beeu kicked by the girls, nine our names will soon appear a,; alnnrni. times. I have gotten so 110w I don't Some of us will handle the willow, mind beiug kicked. Old fellow, I

LOCALS. have the sweetest girl now the sun ever shone on. She is not going back on me as long as she lives. How are you getting on kissing your girl's track, that you kept the plank staying on, and when you were up the cherry tree . and that othc1' follow, on Âˇthe ground kissing her. . If I had been in your place I would have broken every limb on the tree to get down. But that was not so bad as I was treated

some time ago. I wrote to one of my girls to return my letters, and she said she would as soon as she got them in, that a gentleman of the neighborhood had the most of them. I am still staying in the store . I hardly have time to write, but just picked up a half sheet of paper to write to yon. Write ~non. I remain as ever, Your small footed Friend."

Tender, tone.bing Madeline, Fain would I tell her that I love her, Gentle, tripping fairy queen, But for the fear of her big brother. Her slyph-like form, so fair to see, Puts my heart all in a fl.utter; I smile at her and she at me; I try to speak and can but stutter. She loves me, that I know quite well, Else she'd not flush whene'r I meet her; And surely she can quickly tell The anxious haste I have to greet her. Iler golden hair and bonnet cute, The dimpled chin and sparkling eye, Ah ! by her side completely mute, I look and love, and love and sigh. As thrifty bees from flower to flower The honey draws in gentle sips, So tried I in one fatal hour To test the nectar of her lips. She slapped me for the pains I took, And then began to sweetly chide, And with each touching, charming look, My love grew harder still to hide. The days passed by, my passion grew Beyond the fear of all big brothers; I spoke, and lo! the end I knew: "I love not you, I am another's." ZIP.

RICHMOND

COLLEGE MESSENGER.

Y. M. C. A. NOTES. [Editor-MAURICE W. The officers of the Richmond College Y. M. C. A. for the present term are as follows: President, Frank C. Johnson; Vice-President, Charles T. Kincanon; Corresponding Secretary, James H. Franklin; Recording Secretary, H. 0. Wicks Âˇ; Treasurer, M. W. Thomas. Committee on Mem bership-W. L. Hayes, E. E. Dudley, H. T. Allison; Committee on General Religious W ork-R. M. Peuick, E. P. Wright, J. H. Franklin; Committee on Devotional Exercises-W. B. McGarity, E. W. Greaner; Missionary Committee-D. H. Rucker, J. W. Crawford, W. H. Ryland. On Thursday night, September 25th, a reception was given to the new students, a full report of which appeared in the laet issue of this paper. The evening was spent ple.asantly and profitably, in hearing the work of our Association outlined, and in . chatting soe1ally over a bountifully spread table. The Y. M. C. A. starts the new year with fifty-one members. Within our college walls the Association controlsÂˇ the following .meetings: On Sunday morning, from 7:30 to 8 o'clock, a consecration service. On the first Thursday night in each month, a missionary meeting. The Missionary Committee provides some one to deliver an address on missions, and after the address a collection is taken for the mission fund. On the other Thursday nights in each mouth, is held the regular weekly prayermeeting, conducted by a student, and

THOMA S.]

once in a while, by one of the prnfcssors. Our work without 'the college is worthy of note. On Sunday morning a small mfrnber of students walk out to th e Old Soldiers' Home, and there hold a service with our war veterans. May the Captain of our saL vation breathe His own spirit into His laborers, and, as a result of their labors, may many re-enlist, this time in an army that iB fighting for a grander cause anJ with the nssurauce of success. On Sunday afternoon a larger body of students go to the city almshouse to labor among the helpless,-to encourage and brighten the patient sufferers and to point them to the Great Physician. May He who "was wounded for our transgressions" look in tender pity and compassion upou the lowly cots of these friendless ones, and fit them, by their sufferings, for the better life that is beyond. About twenty students act as teachers in the Sunday scl1ool held at our State penitentiary every Sunday af~ teruoon. Their work among the male convicts haci been greatly blessed in years gone by. Let not our present corps of efli<..:icut workers be idle during the current session. Let them be punctual, stndions, and prayerful. The question now agitating the miuds of those interested in the Association is, how to raise money to fit up a Y. M. U. A. room, to be used for reading, social conversation, and th~

Y. M. C. A. NOTES. Âˇ meetings-both business and devotional-of the Association. Our Faculty have very kindly offeredÂˇ us a suitable room, to be turned over to us when we have raised the amount necessary to fit it up for our use. A lecture by Rev. A. C. Dixon, of Baltimore, was delivered at the First Baptist church, in this city, for the Y. M. C. A. fund. A small return was the result, and we trust that it will form a nucleus around which may gather amounts of every denomination, large and small-the former preferred, of course__._thatwill provide us with such furnishings as we may need. And now the sessson is before us, let us go to work for the Master. There are some among us who do not favor the work of the Young Men's Âˇ Christian Association. They are afraid of it. They feel apprehensive lest it should in time supplant the churches. Coming, as they do, into sudden and close contact with the Y. M. C. A. at college, and learning of its marvellous growth and present power, th~y, not knowing as yet its underlying principles, naturally feel a hesitancy in giving it their hearty support. To such persons we would say, watch the work of the Young Men's Christian Association. Watch those who figure prominently in the . management of it. Are they men who take no interest in their respective churches? Or are they among the most consecrated and thoroughly devoted workers in their churehes? According to the testimony of many of our best pastors the most willing, regular, and efficient young men in their churches are the young men

active in the Young Men's Christian Association. This movement among the young men of the country is heartily endorsed by the leading men of our own deuorniuation-among them Dr. John A. Broaddus stands conspicuous-and indeed by the leading men of all the other evangelical churches. Then let us lay aside any prejudice that may have kept us from doing the Lord's work, and let us "by a long pull and a strong pull and a pull all together," carry on the work devolving upon us. To accomplish this, let each do his duty. In reading the W estern Recorder our eye was arrested by a piece written by A. V. Read in defence of the work of the Young Men's Christian Association. It comes in so opportunely that we cannot resist inserting a clipping from it, in the hope that it may prove helpful : " Our pastors and other workers who have been brought into close contact with the work are unanimous in their endorsement of it. Notice the following : "Rev. ,T. William Jones, D. D., Assistant Secretary of the Home Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, says: ' Since 1856 I have been an active member of some Young Men's Christian Association, and expect to continue so as long as I live. I regard it as one of the noblest Christian . institutions that we have. It should command the support of all evengelieal Christians.' "Rev. Dr. John A. Broaddus, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, says: 'After closely observing the

RICHMOND

COLLEGE MESSENGER.

Young Men's Christian Association work for years past, and taking frequent part in it, I am thoroughly convinced that it is of great value. It does some kinds of work better than single churches can do, and when wisely .managed it helps the churches and does not interfere with them. I

shall do all I can to extend its influence, and I earnestly recommend it to general support and co-operation.' " None of our pastors or lay members will be led astray by following the example of these eminent men of God."

PERSONALS. [ Editor-B.

Many thanks to any of the students who will assist us with the Personals. If you have an old college chum or friend who has not been mentioned, simply notify us and he will not be forgotten in the next issue. We clip the following from the Religious Herald of October 31st: "Rev. E. P. Lipscomb, pastor of the First Baptist church of Brockport, N. Y., came to this city last Wednesday evening and took away Miss Minnie A. Curtice, the most beautiful and valuable young lady of the North Baptist church. He is an A. M. of Richmond College and a full graduate of the Rochester Theological Seminary."-J. B. Lemon, Rochester, N. Y. J. Bunyan Lemon, Rochester, N. Y., is also a former student of our old Alma Mater, and now a New York pastor. At the University are Hughson, Robertson, and Corbitt, all of '86-7, in the academic department; and Gibson, '86-7, also "Squaw" Edwards, '85-6, in the law department. J. S. Irby, '88, is at present traveling correspondent for the Daily Times, of Richmooo.

ROBINSON.]

C. W. White is connected with the Western Union Telegraph Company, at Charlottesville. W. A. Borum, '88, our former business manager, we understand, is married. With best wiehes and manv happy returns, "Pete." H. W. Straley, '88, "the young orator of the mountains of West Virginia," is now a full-fledged lawyer. Richmond College can well boast of her sons. D. H. Johnston, '89, of West Virginia, made us a short visit about three weeks after the session opened. We were glad to see "Brute," and hope he will again be with us. We enjoyed the presence of Rev. C. R. Cruikshanks October 27th. lie is at present the pastor of several churches in Hanover county. We wish him much success. S. W. Hobson', J. H. Abbitt, and R. w.ÂˇRobinson, '88-9, and William Mathews, B. A. of '88, arc attending the Medical Col1ege in this city. A. R. Bowles, '87-8, anÂˇd L. Hargrove, '87-8, are attending the Dental College at Baltimore, Md. N. Fuqua, '89, on account of ill V

EXCHANGES. health, was unable to attend college this session. We understand he iR going" West" to recruit. J. Newton Johnson, one of our best students, was called away from college October 16th. " Newt" was offered a position of much importance, which he accepted. We congratulate

the engineering corps that procured hit:sservices. S, A. Long, '87, we understand, is treasurer of the Beaumont Lumber Company, of Texas. "Sol" ,,yas liked by all while at college, and many of the fairest " damsels" of this city mourned his departure from among us.

EXCHANGES. [Editor-E.

It is a pity that the pages of the usually charitable Normal News, of Ypsilanti, Mich., are soiled by such a vindictive, unjust article as that on the" Race War." We are sorry that one who gives promise of such talent . as a writer, should waste his genius in acquiring the habit of denunciation. From the harsh spirit of his article, we have but little doubt that he will eventually become one of the most gifted "wavers" of the "bloody shirt," whieh is so conducive (according to Rome minds) of internal peace and national prosperity. Let us examine his argument. "Fair means ean never stay the progress of civilization. Foul means is the alternative. Accordingly, the negro has become the vietim of outrage and violence." Who have attempted to ''stay the progress of civilization" but those who, by deluding the negro, have tried tu use his vote as a means of degrading civilization? Progress is the great fact respecting the condition of the South to-day. Deny it if you can. " Give us rÂˇirilizatio11 ," ,vc cry, but "delfrer us from domiuation by those who,

GREANER.]

though possessing the name of citizens, are unacquainted with the first law of civilization. There has not been a single instance of race massacre in twenty years in which the negro has been the aggressor." This quotation proves the absolute ignorance of the author respecting the raee question. "Why does the South now fear a general uprising among the negroes? " Why? Simply because of the meddling influence of politieians who use the ignorant negro as a potent means to subserve their own base ends. Bnt we will eonsume no further time upon such an article. The falsity of it is apparent to all fair-minded, non-partisan thinkers.

The Butler Collegian, of Lexington, Ind., prints a, well written artide 011 "The Hygienic Method of Treating the Sick." It is indicative of cool, calm, collected thought. The analysis of the subject is good and its gcueral treatment is especially to be commended.

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

The Lutherville Seminarian proposes a new plan, or rather a new modification of an old oue, viz. : that " each paper print each month some question or topic of interest upon which it desires comment made by its exchanges." We heartily commend our fair sister in the course which she has taken to awaken new interest in the exchange columns. "Should the gymnastic exercise for which there is sufficient apparatus provided be made compulsory upon the student? If so, why? If not, why not?" As far as our limited space will allow, wo will endeavor to answer this question. Our reply is, No! And for the following reaso11s: A gymnasium is a college benefit. Compulsiou would make it a college evil. Compulsion would defeat the very end sought, since it would make what is now a pleasure, a task; and as a task it would be shirked by those who now consider it a pleasure. And lastly, compulsion is unnecessary, since advice from the right source wonld eause any student needing healthfnl exercise to take advautage of the benefits which a well-equipped gymnasium affords.

MESSENGER.

partment, also, we notice a great deal of nothing. There are altogether three editorials-one, the salutation of the new editor; another, an article of thanks to a. contributor; and last of all, we have our patience worn threadbare by what seems to be somewhat on the order of a biographical sketch, entitled " Our New Dr." Next we notice the Locals. Here we certainly expected;to have our cloud of gloom dispelled, but we expected in vain. Not one single ray or spice of life did we find. The most enjoyment we derived was from reading the advertisements inserted between the glaring tomb-stones of local ornuts. We still survive, ho\vever, and live in hope of better things next time. The Commencement number of the

Owl comes to us replete with interesting articles and illustrations. Its pages are neat and clean and a pleasure to look upon. The publishers of the Owl are to be congratulated upon their success in bringing their journal to its present standard as a college monthly.

It rloes our wearied feelings good to read. the " Criticism of Class '89," The Alamo and San .Jacinto Jlfonthly published in the Portfolio, of Hamilfor September-October contains a well ton, Ont. It has been an almost uniwrittct1' sketch of the life of " Oliver versal and uujust aecnsation that the Cromwell." The author has handled fair sex could not justly criticise anhis subject nicely; but the article is other of their kind. The first senrather lengthy, and a few of the topics tence of the article in question casts lo3e their real beauty on that account. the gauntlet of defiance at the feet of Apart from this, there are but two these vile accnsers and proclaims the original articles, except, of course, the fact that justice is as much an attriwork of the editors, and one of those bute of the gentler as of he stronger extremely short. In the Editorial de- sex. The Portfolio holds an honored

EXCHANGES. place among the exchanges monthly reach our sanctum.

that

The Epsilon, of Bri<lge]Jort, Conu., comes to us as a new -and welcome visitor. The introrluction of an exchange column was indeed a wise step, and ought certainly to be of much advantage to the monthly. "We should perhaps apologize for attempting to enter a field with which we arc comparatively unacquainted." No apology is necessary. True criticism, though it sometimes stings, is nevertheless sure to benefit; and only those feariug honest criticism apologize upon taking a position open to criticism. Among improvements that might be effected, we mention two. First, the jonrnal should be nicely bound instead of consisting of loose pages; second, a great improvement would result from a closer examination of the proof-sheets. The second number, for October, of that model ('?) semi-monthly, the Niagara Index, comes to us with very much the appearance of a well used blotter. If indeed it contains articles of merit the beauty of them is much enhanced by the soiled sheets of the magazine. The Inda is a mighty oak of the forest, shedding its kindly shade far and wide. What a benefit to mankind! What an example to embryo college journals, for all are in the state of the embryo except the

Index. Vituperation, vanity vauuting-such is the method of its exchange editor. First, his vicious pen condemns the struggling efforts of worthy coutemporaries; then, with an air of self-complacency he regards the glorie:o of the Index; then charges to the fight again and plants the Index upon the highest (?) peak of attainment as the standard of litery exeellence.

"0 would some power the gift had gie us To see onrselves as ithers see us."

Then again this "fatherly" seribe tenders uu~sked some "good" advice to the Hesperian. " We ad vise in all fraternal charity the eight editors of the eight paged sheet from way back to enlarge their views Âˇ and soak their heads." Truly, if this is a fair sample of" enlarged views" it is certainly an index of" soaked heads." Brother editors of the Hesperian, if you would attain the standard of literary excellence of which the above is a fair sample, by all means "enlarge your views" and" soak your heads." "The MESSENGER, thf' monthly journal of Richmond College, Virginia, is a bright and new.,y journal, containing some very fine compositions, especia1ly one on the subject, " Was Poe a Madman ? " The above is the criticism of the Vmulerhilt Obser/jer. Thanks, brother Obsercer, for your kind notice of us.

RICHMOND

COLLEGE

Teacher (to class in geography): "If I shou lJ dig a hole through the earth where would I come out ? " Small boy: "Out of the hole."- World During the last year the sum total of educational gifts in th is cou 11try was $5,000,000 . Students who use touacco in any form are denied admission to the Un iversity of the Pacific at Sa n J of-e, Ca1. "I wish I were a star," saiJ a Cornell jnnior dreamily to his compan ion. '· I wish you were a comet," she said coolly, " for then you would come around on ly once in 1560 years."-E x.

MESSENGER.

There are 190 college papers in the Un it ed States. At a recent performance in the N cw Haven opera-house, as a number of students left their seats between acts, a good lady was heard to remark, "Ain't it to o bad those you 11gfel1ows ha,·e to go home and go to st udyin g."

-.:.Ex. James Rnssell Lowell will probably be ofl:ered the lectureship in poet ry at Johns Hopkins this year.-E x. A Vassar girl, in speak ing of Homer, her favorite G reek, said: "I have not r ead his Aene id, but hi s Idio cy is perfoetly sub lim e." -E x.

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