Issuu

VOL.XI.

NOVEMBER,

NO. 2.

1885.

EDITORS: A. N. BOWERS.

Mu Sigmi Rho, { GEO. H. EDWARDS, W. C. ROBINSON.

E. B. HATOHER, Philologian,{ Il. W. JONES, C. D. ROY.

Business Manager-W. A. BORUM. Assistant Business Manager-J. L.

B1.<OWN.

'I'ennis.

They played at tennis that summer dayWhere was it? Oh, call it Richmond CollegeThe place matters not; I will simrily say, They were playing tennis that summer day, And she wore a ~hirt and a ducline collar.

"And Love? What is love?" he fain would know, Yet blushed to ask it, for he could see What pardonless ignorance he must show; But she calmly answered him, Rpeaking slow, "Why, love is nothing, you know," said she.

He played but ill-'t" as his first essayAnd she his partner and coach was both ; Though perhaps not ''up" in the points of play, Yet she knew tlie game in a general way. And to give him points seemed nothing loath.

* * * * * * * * * The sun of that summer day is set; That season is gone, as seasons go ; But his heart was caught in that tennis net, And they might have been playing partners yet, Had she not given her answer," No."

He did his best, b t his best was poor; The balls served to him on his side stayed ; And thus it went on for a round or more, Till, anxious, he ventured to ask the score. "The score~ Why, it's thirty, Love," she Eaid.

He plays no tennis at all, this year, But he mopes, and moans, and sighsHeigho !-That fate is so hard and life is so drear; And worse than all else, he remembers clear That â€˘'Jove is nothing"-she told him so. [Selected.

"He is very sad and in poor health on account of the death Âˇ of his wife." " He will recover, though ! " " Oh, yes, he will re-wive."-E x . ~ -

Judge : " itness, can you 1:,wear to that statement?" Witness : " Well, I'd like to see the statement that I can't swear to."

RICHMOND

Tbe

COLLEGE J,JESSENGER.

1'1an

oC To-Day.

Final Oration, delivered June 15, 1885, at the Joint Final Celebration of the two Literary Societies of Richmond College. by the orator of the Mu Sigma Rho Society, J. 0. ALDERMAN, of North Carolina.

Lad ·ie,sand Gentlemen,-What is more natural and healthful than to take oognizan~e of those things which are now around us? If, then, the very sage philosophers of the present time can sail through the boundless realms of space, binding the sweet influence of Pleiades or loosiug the bands of Orion, encircling · their own brows with the golden rings stolen from Saturn, fathoming the depths of eternity and evolving something from no_thjng, taking from the· hands of an eternal Creator the work so .long by him conducted, is it vain in us to cast a casual eye around ,and get a view of to-day as it rises before us? If they can go so far as to relieve the Creator of further trouble and take upon themselves the engineering of the entire universe, if they can fly so far away into the etherial realms of metaphysics that the foci of their elliptical arguments are infinitely separated, <;urely we may lay hold upon some of the more immediate and tangible rea,lities and slightly examine them. Surely they will not think it scorn, if we vrnture to use onr own eyes and see for ou-rselves the genus homo of to-day. Or would Dr. Tyndall say that we cannot see straight? for did he not say that he could make a better eye than the Creator did ? Wouldn't you like to have a pair of his manufacture? Ah, well, perhaps after some . fair-cheeked damsel had duped the grave .philosopher, he could justly ~urse his eyes for seeing anything in her to love. So he concluded he could

make an improvement q_n the visual organ. I guess he wished to make one which could see through the beautifully tinted dress of the face, and whi,·h could read the thought the tongue denied. Such is the man of to-day, essa);ing to Yie with even nature herself, and professing to be able to improve upon her handiwork. More brilliant than even the fiery steed that daily encircles with his flaming chariot this mundane sphere of ours, is his son, I guess. Strange that he has not grown tired of this tiny, insignificant speck, and "mounted the cat· of his own creative genius" and evolved from the flying atoms of his own immensity, a world more in keeping with his own exalted and expanded powers of thought and superior creative capacity, revolving about himself as the eternal and immutable center of matter and thought. He can't! What, Dr. Tyndall can't! Or is his head so clear that it has not even the nebular mist from which to evolve a universe? Ah, perhaps there is more substance, not t.o say mist, in Darwin's vast creative head. And yet, after all his evolution of · man from monkey, he · cau't so much as bleach the sombre face of a civilized negro. "0 consistency, thou ART a jewel ! " Let the Doctor eure the poor, downtrodden Ethiopian of his dermal plague and evolve from Senegambia's dusky daughters .a fit companion ~[llself~ and then he will find constri~ ~1ployment by the self-styled philanthropists of the North in decoloriz~

THE MAN OF TO-DAY. ing and rccolorizing the beautiful faces of their darling freed women. Of course the Doctor can e,·olve anything he chooses, from anything he choos<'s, how he thooses, and when he chooses. But the negro is amongst us, and likt:>lyto stay; so let him put his theory into practice an<l ease us of tl,e great embarrassment which is daily harrowing our souls. Let him evolve ~he negrn into such as himself, or e\'en such as we, and all time shall fail to suppress our encomi 1;1ms upon the verity arnl ut_i,lity of l,is theory. Nature her;,clf will twine a garland of the rarest • and richest flowers, arnl deck it with the brightest jewl'ls of hc1· own diadem and place it with her own delicate hand up(ln his deified brow. What, Darwin can't t:>ither! Or, if the develope<l ruonkeyI guess he does11't object to being so calle,l-can't stand his ground, perhaps Huxley and Spencer can. Ah yes, they are not satisfied to stop on his grouncl, but nrnst conduct an aggressi\'e warfare against man's superiority, continuity, an<l eternity, developing him not from so good a source as the monkey eYcn, but from the lowest types of animal life, which again were the result of some unaccountable, accidental movement and contact of inanimate atoms of notliing. So thE>y would make him fi·om nothing! A man, a true, perfect, self-goveming man, with a gia11t intellect, and able by his geuius to createpower itself,-a living maneYolved from nothing! An<l yet gi,·e them a perfect body of human flesh, and they em't, with all the laboratories, chemicals, chemists, :rnd philosophers of the know1i worl,l, so much as breathe life into this piccl• of clay after it has been created and so perfectly formed. And still they would e\'olve from nothing this great,

grand, glorious world of ours, and man its masterpiece. They ought to have been with Robinson Crusoe, to evolve for him a fair companion to beguile the lonely hours of their dull monotony by her sparkling wit and bewitching smiles. Of course they could have done it, and given her a short tongue, too. And such a figure, and such dimpled cheeks with ' such a real, living bloom indebted to no one's brush! Thus they would have been a blessing to humanity, and called down upon their heads the eternal benediction of a smiling world. Now perhaps they admit the existence of matter in some form or other. What inconsistency ! Physician, heal thyself. Thou wouldst reason God out of existence, and yet dost force upon thy$elf the necessity of a Creator, else whence matter, since thou canst not evolve it from the vast sea of immensity and nothing? Ah yes, the unswerving, steel-handed evolutionist has at 1ast come upon a chasm he cannot leap, and the sager scientists of the present are beginning to see that science has its limits and must admit the superiority of spirit over matter, for lately the word spirit has been admitted into the seience vvcabulary. Life and perception, thought and emotion, all the finer qualities and sensibilities of the soul, are not so <'asily evolved from the cold, ruthless rocks of the earth, nor easily involved into them. While some of the hot-headed extremists are trying to override everything and make themsci vcs conspicuous, the true Ecicntists of to-Jay are morn reasonable, and science itself is beginning to pay homage to m1ture and to nature's God. The dim recesses of infinity are beginning to yield to the dawning of day, and to expose to

RICHMOND

COLLEGE MESSENGER.

the scrutinizing gaze of awe-stricken man undreamed-of truths and wondex:s, Like the deep sequestered valley with its limpid, gurgling streamlets breathing eulogies to the majestic <'rags,.or leaping in fury down the rugged precipice-all expanding under the full flood of the morning sun into grandeur and sublimity-the universe, under the noon-tide of science, is opening up to us the dark secret of its past, unfolding its marvellous truths and prodigies, and declaring the glory of nature's Lord, and our God. A man of progress is the man of to-clay. What if some meteor flash across the horizon and perish in its false alarm, is the blue vault of heaven bedimmed from the loss of a star? If some Willo'-the-wisp flit madly along, regardless of the true path of science, claiming that all else is false light, is science wrenched out of socket and robbed of all its beauty, truth, and grandeur and forced meekly to follow the receding phantom to its speedy ruin 7 Is it not rather t.he true charioteer reigning in and checking the wild capriceR of fancy and imagination, giving form and force to truth, and cast~ ing a halo · of light and beauty around this marvellous planet of ours? But the philosopher anu evolutionist are no_t the only men of to-day. The species oft.his animal are quite Yarious. Would that a larger class were true philosophers. There may be more disciples of evolution, too, than we think; for see the boy of fifteen trying to evolve from his smooth upper lip something which he may call a moustache. In fact, I pre sume it'll do very well '!'he next in our series to mention the swell. Philosopher first, evolutioni st second, '!'hen next on the list the dude may be reek: oned. As straight as a rule, as fickle as a mule,

•

As good at his books as his poodle at pool; Al, number too small he orders his clothes, Two needles he wears to protect his toes; A pair of gold glasses to strengthen his eyes Or make him appear both sober and wise ; ' A glass o' champagne to lighten his drouth, A cane in his hand, a cigar in his mouth, He hurries away to take part in the ball, Believing himself the gallantest of all. A package of silks ! he circles her waist, And whirls her along so tightly embr11ced, 'l'he dainty kid slipper scarce touche8 the floor, Till all is a dream, bnt a dr am, and no more·

But in plain prose, we could not. get along without the dude. \Vµs it not for the lack of him that Rome fell, and that Greece lost her glory? If only their Catos and their Platos had been the profound philosphers of to-day, embellishing their scrolls with the infallible theories of evolution, marking out with thei1· fingers the ·sphere and confines of God, developing the rude monkey into a smooth, eleg::rnt, mashing du1le, they \\'Ould still have been the embodiments of power, glory, and greatness, with scarce an undeveloped ape in all their realm to show us whence we came and what our ancestry. We have them developed into the pillow of state, the pride of the ballroom, the cream of college. But let us hurry on and take a rapitl glance at the next man of to-day--the politician. No master but self, and with self as his god, He worships himself, and it's not very odd ; For vanity and pride are all that is left 'l'o him whom philosophy of soul h·1th bereft. "And why," says he, ''should I forego any pleasure, Or blush to secure however the treasure Of foe or of friend, either public or private? I'll-seize every pleasure howe'er I d.erive it. '!'here's nothing to check me, I've nothing to fear, 'l'his life is a scramble, and that's very clear. So pleasure and self are my only ambition, And these I'll indulge under any condition." And thus politicians are constantly fighting,

TIIE MAN OF TO-DAY. And s_wamping the people, who ever are biting Their flattering schemes, till they finally see '!'heir labors rew;i.rded to such a degree, They venture to enlist as retired from the army, And if they're opposed tl1ey get angry and stormy. While others, to escape any doubtful delay, As national swindlers their genius display, And think it a virtue their wealth to extend By robbing the people they've sworn to defend.

But my humble muse would tire of telling of all the men of to-day; so we proceed to our last man, whieh is woman, so unlike and yet so like the rest. Did I say the labt ! Well, the last shall be first; so it is all right anyway. Who does not read with admiration the furious cl1argc to the shore of that noble woman Bouadicea, when Caisar was trying to land his am.1y on the soil of Britain? Would any one fail to admire the daring courage of Cleopatra as she ventured even farther than man for the wealth and glory of her country and people? Who can deny in Joan of Arc a valor as lieroic as ever burned in the heart of the most intrepid soldier, when, in the midst of peril and defeat when ruin hung over France like a dark mantle of eternal doom, .she could mount the -riderless steed and dash into the way of the roaring English lion, check his advance, and lead the French arms to victory and glory? Only a woman's hand could wield so telling a sword. But in our day seldom is the woman such as these. If in the past she was the deep, dark, restless torrent, dashing its turbid waters furiously down the fearful mountain side, sweeping everything before it as it rushes mad! y on in its rapid course, she to-day is the smooth, limpid brook rippling along beneath the cooling shades, over snow-white

pebbles, leaving now and then a teardrop on the kindly stooping blade of grass, or murmuring in musical accents to the enraptured youth sitting upon its bank and enjoying the smiling reflections from its smooth surface. If formerly she swayed the sword of power and drove before her, she now, though mild and retiring, sways a no less potent weapon and leads as many as she drove. So gentle and timid, and yet so stern and powerful! So modest-isn't she-and persuasive, that almost bdorc we think, we find oursekes submissively following where she leads. Her eye is thrice more charming than the serpent'8 - no comparison meant- and her voic~ more spell-binding and con~ vincing than that of any siren of old. When she says it, the sturdy old deacon is satisfied that Paul, when he said that woman must keep silent in the church, meant that sl1e must speak. It would not be so surprising if she convinced the young preacher who wants a helpmeet, for she can with a word and look make him bow his knee to a painted idol-herself. And the young preacher is not the only one so weak, for see if it's a preacher who bows at your shrine to-night. But yet our lady is not so imbecile but that she can stand the worry and fatigue of a presidential canvass. And how we boys will get appointments to the Cabinet and other offices, when she gets into the White House !-if she happens to be our girl. Yes, forty years hence, when our first woman President takes the oath, it will be a glorious time, and the golden age of Saturn- Satan --will again be ushered in. But without doubt the woman of to-day, the lady of our time,. is far more favored and far more favoring

RICHMOND OQLLEGE MESSENGER. than she was of old. She is not made a menial slave, but oecupies a higher, a nobler position in the world, wieldiug a potent and beneficent influence over man, and shaping the destiny of nations. But how could she be 9thenvise, siuce for fifty years past the world has been blessed with such mothers as it has? Only think of the doting mother taking leave of her darling boy as he is preparing to. obey his country's call and defend her with his sword! The eve of departure is at hand. ~ything is ready. Each room has been visited and all the little pleasantries and hallowed associations of youth haYe been re\'iewcd in sacred sileuce. Little mementos of home and friends ha\路e been earefully stored away in his knapsack. He l1as spoken his last words with brothers and sisters. He bids his father adieu, and stands on the step looking fondly at his dear mother, while she, with tear-dimmed eye,-, clasps his harnl, it may be, for the last time, and with her blessing says, '' Go, my son, and

Gr~at

fight nobly for your home and country.'' She looks with silent tears upon the manly form of her departing boy, and then turns sadly but brav.ely away to struggle on in the great contest for right. Such is the mother of to-day. And nobly did she bear her part 路in the late struggle for justice and right. Truly hath it b<:_en said, '路This world is not so bad a world As some would like to make it; But whether good or whether bad, Depends on how we take it."

Indee<l, we all as men of to-day may enjoy life if only we will. While others are distilling the sweets of existence and rearing monuments of lasting memory to themselrns, we too, may pluck a flower here and there, climb here a gentle hill and there a towering mountain, till we shall write in letters of gold ow路 names upon the great scroll of eternity. To-day is ours. Let us improve it. Let us enjoy it. Let us expand ourselves into that true greatness which we may attain.

Intentions.

Every boy enters college with high anticipations, and the notion of accomplishing great things during the session. Stimulated by the kind advice and urgent entreaties of parents and hopeful friends, he enters earnestly into the arduous duti es of cqllege life, determined to outstrip his fellow-students in learning, and carry home with him-to the gratification of all his friends-uot only the praise, admiration, and good-will of ~~e faculty and professors, but also the highest honors of the society and college. At the beginning he works till

his attention is arrested by the hideous yell of the midnight rambler, and he, by sad experience, learns that the hour for stu<ly and sleep is past. Yes, he fancies that what he does not accomplish the first year will hardly be worth knowiug. Day after day he promptly heeds the calling of the bell. Trembling he enters the lecture-room, without a single correct idea as to what the Latin or Greek author intended to convey. But still more awful are his feelings when the well-known voice rings out," Well, Mr. Smith, you may read, sir." "Well, sir,

LEADERSHIP. read ·on, Mr. Smith." Ah, that voice sounds more harsh to him at that particular moment, than the clashing irons ·of the calathumpers at "mid• night's holy hour." Scarcely has a month taken its flight, till he finds his strongest resolution broken, his energies unstrung, and his fondest hopes blighted. It i~ only the few that persevere to the end, and carry out those intentions with which they entered. The sloughs of despond are many in the road to knowledge, and it is only the few that avoid them. The difficulties are great, and at times, seem almost insurmouutable; but he who would succeed, he who would surmount the obstacles of life, must not expect to do it in a day. But

by patient, earnest, faithful toil the mists may be cleared away, the goal may be reached, and the victory won. Kind admonitions and entreaties of friends can never make a seholar. The true scholar obeys the imperative voice of Duty, and when it says, Prepare that lesson, he prepare., it; to go to that recitation, he goes. He that has not this Sl'nse of duty buoying him onward, ancl does not obey its dictates, will turn out a sad, a miserable failure in everything he undertakes in life. To be stimnlate,l now to work, to be thrilled by great intentions to-day, and to-morrow be persuaded to rest, will cast a shadow over the brightebt prospects and ruin a. life of usefulness.

LeadershiJ••

· Address delivered at the Reunion Meeting of the Philologian Society, October 3d, 1885, by E. B. HATCHER, of Richmond, Va.

For the immortal sage of Monticello I ha\·e the greatest respact, but when he wrote that '' all men are born free and equal," he had the misfortune to say what was not true. Men are not equal either in their natural endowments, their acquisitions, their capacity for ·selfgovernment, or their power to affect others. It is a self-evident fact that a few men inspire and control public opinion. Great undertakings are not, inaugurated and carried forward by the multitude, but by a few leading spirits. This seems to be the principle upon which the whole universe is constructed. If we survey the heavens, we find that although the celestial bodies arc in constant motion, they do not move at random. Bodies

superiot· in size ancl attraction are centres around which smaller bodies obediently revolve. · We see thi,, truth abundantly illustrate.I in every dep.1rtment of life. The lowest anim'.11sin their movements have leader.;;. At evet·y bee-hive there is the queen bee. Every herd of animals ha~ its head beast which the rest follow. But pre~minent.ly is this true of men. Evei·y business mart has its presiding genius; every sehool of philosophy its representative; every church its commanding figure; every profession and trade its prominent ., leacling men. And this fact prompts me to select as my theme to-night, Leadership. By leadership I mean a dominating and directing influence, winch enables its

RICHMOND _COLLEGE MESSENGER.

possessor to control men. The world abounds in leade1·s. To mention them all would be an unending tnsk, but we may take a brief glance at a few of the most prominent ones. The greatest leader is the preacher the greatest, because he is the most unselfish and is actuated l,y the loftiest motives and the noblest purposes. The preacher's work is to lead men, not for his own interest, but for their highest good. His ealling, above all others, affords him the grandest opportunity for leading his fellow-men. He has, what is essential to every successful leader, the respect and confidence of mankind, and this he gains not so much on account of his own greatness as from the work in which he is engaged. He is the most successful leader. He is at the head of a movement that does not depend upon worldly fortune and favor for its success and triumph. Some preachers exert their greatest power as leaders by precept. They lead by the power of persuasive eloquence. Others are great leaders by example. They accomplish little by oratory. They preach their greatest sermons by the silent words of character. But the great preacher combines the two in au almost equal degree. He practices while he preaches. "He not only allures to brighter wodJs, but himself leads the way." · And next, the political kader. Here we find two very - distinct characters, the Statesman and the Boss. The 011lysimilarity as yet discovered between them, is that they both enlist under their country's banner. They are in the same boat, bnt pulling in opposite directions. This fact may explain the lack of greate1· progress in good goverament. Its two greatest

leaders are working for different and opposing ends. First, the statesman-not the blusterng stump-speaker, or the fiery politician. His very name indicates his high and important position. The true statesman must be a servant. His pleasures and interests amount to nothing when compared to the neerls of his country. Position does not make the statesman. Our country contains many appearances of statesmnnsni p where closer inspection would reveal ambition aud fraud, covered over with the hypocritical garb of loyalty and devotion. The statesman gets his rewa1·ds not in the emoluments which his country bestows, but in the prosperity which his country enjoys. He lives for his country. It is his hope and pride, and for his country he is willing at any time to lay down his life. He combines with patriotism, wisdom and executive ability. The statesman and the preacher, both devote their Jives to the good of mankind. The difference between them is that the statesman works for time, while the preacher works for eternity. The other leader is the Political Boss. He needs no introduction. He always introduces himself. I am no champion of the Boss, but I must say he command:;; my admiration. He possesses to a remarkable degree the tact of winning and using men. He enlists under his banner the brightest intellects and the most energetic workers. His name is a household word, and is familiar in homes where the names of Nap,1leon, Cresar, and General Grant, are unknown. He can form more acquaintances, make more · promises, flatter more women, and kiss more babies in the same day, than any

LEADERSHIP. other man of his age. He is always a gentleman -on the outside. He is shrewd, far-seeing, and quick-witted. He is generally a man of means, though he hasn't told any one where he got it all. He is a fine manager. But let ns not. go into raptures too soon over the Boss. Never judge an establishment by the appearance of the outside. The Boss has another side, and that is the inside. He has a remarkable way of showing only one side to the world, and it is this first picture of himself that attracts and captures so ml!ny men. But let us tear off these outside adornments and see what the Boss is really made of. It is well known that in the make-up of the Boss, no noble qualities are required. In fact, he is conspicuously free from such encumbrances. His two unmistakable characteristics are selfishness and ambition. He is tyrannical. He is coated all over with deceit and hypocrisy. He is not only a man of means, but of meanness. Truth and right are words that he decided long ago to forget. He can change his politics at the very shortest notice. He will sacrifice anybody for the accomplishment of his own selfish ends. The Boss works for self. He takes no partners in his line of business. He is a curious mixture of sense and selfishness, of genius and greed. Woe be to that counti-y that has him in her bounds. The1Âˇe has been no means invented, up to the present time, for getting rid of him, and he who would leave a name that will be cherished and heralded through all coming ages, let him invent a contrivance for the suppression of Bosses, and his fortune is made. Notice next, leaders in the world of thought. The history of the world has 2

been marked by cycles or epochs of thought. Just as there have been revolutions and changes of governments, so also there have been upheavals of thought, and in both cases, these changes have been led by a few men. These master minds originate some new line of thought, evolve some new doctrine or theory, present it to the world, and its novelty and beauty attract the people and they embrace it. All through history we find these great men standing as landmarks of the thoughts and even the religion of the past ages. And, after all, the greatest leader is the leader of thought; _Lecause thought leads to action, and he:who guides the thoughts of a people also guides their lives. The history of a country :is a history of its leaders. Leaders make and mould the times in which they live. Oue fact that gives the leade1Âˇ his chance and power is the imitative quality m man. They who have marked ~originality of character, inevitably put their imprint upon others. But the most prominent leader of the day, is the editor. He couuts his followers by the thousands. When James Gordon Bennett speaks to-day, millions hear him. The editor is the man of opportunities. He has _his hand upon public thought and can mould it as he will. For him the printing press runs, railroad cars travel, and electricity flashes, all instruments for insinuating his thoughts into the public mind. Of course he has his limits, but to a great extent the editor is the great "thoughtregulator" of the day. Men hardly know what to think until they read their newspaper. He possesses his power not so much from superior skill and ability,as from the advantages his position affords

RICHMOND COLLEGE .MESSENGER.

him for reaching and hol<ling the attention of the masses. The editor will command an audience when all othel' men fail. The litel'ary society is a good place to study incipient leadership. There we behold its several types, more or less distinctly defined. Sometimes it breaks out in the youngster whose supreme attributes are wind and noise. He bas figured in some other literary society, and fancies· he: knows it all. His cranium is packed with kinks and crotchets, and he seeks to be heard on every subject. If nominations are to be made, he has his man. For every molion he has an amendment and for every amendment a substitute. Fot· points of order he has a most disorderly passion. If suppressed by the president, he is indignant. If defeated in a measure, he is rebellious. If left out in an election he grows discordant, and seeks to raise a party that he may rule or ruin. This obtrusive spirit may annoy and cripple a soc1ety, lmt it can neYer control it. And tben _there is the scheming, manipulating member. He works with a hidden hand. His plans are concocted in secret. His followers know his watchword, and- always sneeze when he takes snuff. He undertakes to accomplish by private arrangement tho se ends which suit him best, and is not willing to · trust to open debate and free discussion. •

But within the domain of a literary society, there is a place for the true leader. It belongs to the man who enshrines the welfare of the Society in his heart, who knows no mean ambition, but wins the respect of his brethren by the force of his character. He champions no movement that does not look to the honor and pros-

perity of the Society. He offers no argument that cannot stand the sunlight, and resorts to no device that is not frank and manly. He leads by reason of his · loyalty, honesty, and wisdom. For such men, crowns of honor will come unsought and unbought. Turning from the different kinds of leaden,, let us study for a moment the value of leadership. Our country is crowded with men who either from ignorance cannot thiuk for themselves 1 or from indolence, neve1· rise to any lofty line of action. They may not lack capa3i ty, but they lack decision and strength. What we need is master minds to seize this raw material, breathe into it life, and order and direct it to noble _ends. It is the province of the leader to vitalize the thought and unify the actions of weaker men. They open a highway up which the masses may move. They souud the bugle-note which calls the populace to new activities. They give voice and direction to the wish of the people, and lift the standard around which they can rally. There are critical moments when the common sufferings and hopes of humanity cry aloud for a leader. Dwell for a moment upon the religious condition of Germany in the sixteenth century. Long had the people writhed under the grinding heel of Rome. Long had they felt the bitterness of Papal oppression. Long had their souls cried for the light of truth and the sweets of liberty. It was a c1·1s1s. Something had to be done. The whole social fabric groaned in wordless agony, but what conld they do? there they stood --irresolute, bewildered, and helpless. Out from their ranks, with the heart of a lion and the eye of

LEADERSHIP. an eagle, there sprung a man who raised the standard of revolt, hurled defiance into the face of the Pope and bade the people follow him. A thrill of manly and r.eligious courage thrilled the German heart; the people broke the shackles of religious tyranny and followed their leadei· to victory. That mnn ,ms Luther. In many cases a leade1· is a necessity. I spurn the maxim, "Every man for himself/' hut for those who accept it, I <lo not deny the truth of the postscript, "The devil for us all." I readily admit that when a man goes solely for himself, the devil always goes for him, and he in the end goes to the devil. "Iu imion there is strength," and '' In a wise leader there is union." If one true man standing alone is so great, who can estimate the strength of him who moves a multitude at his will? He multiplies his power just as he increases his following, and when with his masterly hand he grasps the public heart, how great is his power for weal or woe! It is curious to observe how some of the most odious, personal characters are able by deadly intrigue and far-reaching cunning to defy the best sentiment of the country aml to unite the worst and most heterogeneous elemeuts of society into combinations for their own aclvancement. More than once Virginia has been the helpless spectator of her own degredation and undoing. She bas seen men as changeable as the chameleon, as rapacious as the wolf, as cunning as the fox, flitting up and down her highways on their excursions of mischief. They have concocted more schemes, enkindled more strife, given wings to more falsehoods, than could be counted in a day, and this not by physical strength, no1· by high

1 1

moral character, but by the deadly crnft of leadership. It is enough to bring a blush to every patriotic cheek to reflect that men like these contend for the mas. tery of this grand old Commonwealth. And may I not add that in these evil, troublousdays, when such men can acquire so much power as to imperil the good order of society, that above all things Virginia needs as her standard-bearer some lofty and incorruptible spirit-some tried and illustrious statesman who shall lead her out of the wilderness and back again to bet· former power and glory. And isn't he coming? Already I fancy I hear the sound of his bugle as it rings upon the evening air! But what are the qualities which make a leader? What is that constellation of virtues and gifts which fit one to gain the head of the column, and to lead upward on the li.ne of progress? I hardly feel that I can tell; and yet some things I may in ruodesty sugg:est. I suppose that leaders, like poets, are born, not made; and yet they rise to their destiny only by the cultivation of their commanding gifts. Three things a great leader must possess. First of all, self-mastery. He must rule himself, or he cannot rule others. He must possess that self-poise, that selfcontainment, that rich reserve of strength, that will make him cool when others are pale with fear or wild with passion. Thus with his own powers well geared and firmly bridled he is ready to encounter the most violent shocks and brave the fiercest dangers. The master bf himself, he is master of all. · And with this self-control must be coupled that subtle and indescribable thing which men in these times call magnetism. It is the power of communicating our per•

RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER.

~onality to others-of infusing ourselves into other souls till they feel with us and are ready to follow us. Aud to these must be added a contagious enthusiasm. The leader must have a purpose on fire. His soul must kindle with a flame so electric that it will leap from heart to heart until all the maes is aglow. It is vain for men without these qualities to hope to be successful in leading their fellow-men. But I must not end this discussion without reminding you that with leadership there must come dangers for the leader. He cannot escape the temptation to use his position for his own ambition. Aaron Burr was a leader, and rose to greatness, but a devilish greed corrupted his soul and transformed him into a traitor. One of the essential fruits of our sinful nature is selfishness, and just in proportion as we grow in power, are we tempted to use it for ourselves. He who finds that he has others at his command-men who sink their personality in his-is in supreme danger of using them not for the general good, but for himself. The two principles of a patriot are his country first and himself afterwards; but of many men entrusted with public office, it may be said that their motto is themselves first, and after that, nothing. Some start under generous and patriotic impulses, but success brings emolument, and emolument excites greed, and greed leads to crime and degradation. Another peril of the leader is tyranny. Power breeds pride and contempt for the weak. We have heard m.uch of the ingratitude of republics, but it is time for somebody to furnish a thesis ~n the ingratitude of republicans-that is, men who have been exalted to power

by the people, and yet turned in cruelty to slight and oppress their benefactors. They who lead must learn to respect their benefactor,;. But I suppose that the most common temptation with leaders is to over-estimate themselves. They mistake position for worth and fame for character, and become unduly elated. It is impossible for those who underestimate themselves to be great leaders, but they who exaggerate their power will fail for lack of strength and endurance. Many a man flushed with transient victory has drnamed that he was omnipotent, and rushed beyond his power and fallen into shame. Âˇ And now, in ending, let us remember that with power comes responsibility. He of ten talents is responsible for ten times as much as he of one, and if he prostitutes his gifts is tenfold guiltier. He who controls five hundred men has upon him a responsibility increased five hundred-fold. Let those who aspire to be leaders pause before the inevit.able responsibility. The leader's destiny is linked with the lives of others, and if he falls, they are wrecked with l1im. If in the mysterious eternity, there is punishment for the wrong-doer, its fiercest retribution must smite those who, having won the hearts of men, have led them astray from rectitude and God. I wage no wa1Âˇupon those who aspire to leadership. It is not ignoble to seek by honorable means to rise above the vulgar crowd and to become a potent factor. But let us remember that we cannot rightly claim the boon of leadership except so far as we become superior to others. Men are not made superior by becoming leaders, but they rise to leadership only because of their superior

ENERGY.

merit. Remember, also, that we must avoid a thit-st for leadership simply for the pomp and glory of it. It is not a thing of interest, but of usefulness, and lie tl,ut wouh1 lie greatest among us must

first be the servant of us all. Our part is to make the most of ourselves, and if the world needs us at the front, it will put us there.

It is not talent, not genius, not education, not money, that works the greatest wonders; but · energy. It is a resolute purpose coupled with untiring labor. It enables a man to force his way through dry and tedious details, and carries him upward in every position in life. It will outstrip genius with not half of its disappointments and dangers. Genius is poteutial. Energy is kinetic. Genius shows what a man may do. Energy determines what he will do. Superior talents are ornamental and helpful, but · they amount to little unless possessed by a resolute and ambitious spirit. While pampered Genius sits proudly idle and expects crowns of honor and success to seek her brow, slow but steady Energy rushes past her and wins the crowns. That gifted young man who rests idly contented with his talents, and expects them to win him a lofty place in the world, will wake one day to find himself helpless and useless, with his talents decayed and perished. The idea is prevalent among mauy weak minds, that energy is nee<le<lonly where genius is absent, and that it is a sign of genius that she does not stoop to dry details and patient labor. Genius and Energy are handmaids, and each helps and adorns the other. The history of great men attests the 3

fact that success is to be attained only by patient and persevering diligence. If attained by any other means, it cannot be permanent or valuable. It is only by overmastering the difficulties in our path that we acquire the strength to hold the positions which we gain. It is not success that makes us strong,-that sometimes displays our weakness-but the struggles and difficulties through which we had t~ pass. Sir Charles Napier once said of the difficulties with which he was surrounded in one of his campaigns, " They only make my feet go deeper in the ground." The world is a battle-field. It is a great mountain of difficulties. Success is perched upon its highest pinnacle, and he who would reach it has a long and fierce struggle before him. Men value their attainments in proportion to the difficulties with which they had to contend. Success is sweetest to him who worked the hardest to obtain it. Energy is to man what steam is to the engine. It is the moving power. The engine may be built of the most durable and substantial material and fashioned in the most approved and scientific style; it may be in the hands of the most skilled workman, and be in perfect running order; it may have the finest finish and the latest attachments ; but let that silent,

•

RICHMOND

COLLEGE MESSENGER.

· nvisible, mighty power, steam, be want]eon's favorite maxims wac;;,"The truest ing, and these other adornments and wisdom is a resolute determination." And helps lose their value. his life preeminently shows what one man Energy is the one controlling, deciding inspired with a determined will may acelement in every man's career. Given complish. Buxton hel<l that a young man the amount of energy in a boy, and to a might be very much what he pleased, great extent you can estimate his future• provided he formed a strong resolution By energy, I do not mean that blusterand held to it. ing, impulsive enthusiasm which bursts Resolute determination savors almost forth like a sky-rocket as if to carry of omnipotence. It laughs at obstacles, everything before it. Such energy soon looks with scorn upon discouragement, expends itself, and amounts to nothing. and spurns the maxim, "Circumstances Effective energy is energy that will last. make the man." The worltl is conMany men are wonderfully active and stantly called upon to wonder at the determined, until they are surprised by great 1·esults attained by men who started some great difficulty, and then, instead of under the most unfavorable and discourconquering the difficulties, the difficulties aging circumstances. Strong will-power conquer them. will accomplish what appear to be imThe great need of the young men of possibilities. The best way to prove a to-day, is to realize that no matter how thing to be possible is to make it possible. The story is told, that a carpenter was high their hopes, how soperior their talone day planing a magistrate's bench, ents, or how exalted their privileges, they which he was repairing with more than can never reach the lofty pinnacle of sucusual carefulness, and when asked the cess to which they are looking, (and what young man is there whose hopes do not · reason, replied, "Because I wish to make reach high in some department of life?) it easy against the time when I come to until they unite their energies into one sit upon it.,'' and strangely enough the man lived to sit upon that ve1·y bench as constant, determined strnggl e. And it magistrate. must be a struggle. Nothing is of real It is a glorius fact that succesc;;is not importance and value that can be obto be attained by a select few ; that it tained without diligent labor. John Foster cannot be won only by wealth, genius, said, "He who would do some great or birth, but is placed at the lofty sumthing in this short life, must apply himmit of the hill of difficulties, and proself to the work with such a concentraclaims, "He who climbs may have." tion of his forces as to idle spectators, . who live only to amuse themselves, looks Let no one be discouraged because he may not be favored with superior talents, like insanity." but let him remember that while talent There is nothing so irresistible and hard . to suppress as a young man whose soul is will greatly help energy, energy will make up for all deficiencies. fii-ed with some lofty purpose and is determined to fight his way up. One of NapoMAL. E. ScRIP'.r.

BATTLE-FlELDS

~otes

o(' a

Trip

to Some

13ELOW R10HMOND,

Batt.le-Fields

In the country no season is more delightful or better suited for out-door enjoyable than the fall of the year. October 10th last was a typical fall day, which the weather and temperature combined to make pleasant. About 9 A. M. an umvonted crowd had gathered around the front of the college. Amidst the hurry and bustle of the gathering, there were happy remarks and pleasant smiles from many in anticipation of an interesting and enjoy. able trip. Some, I suspect, were burdened with the thought that it was time to begin a ·hard day's work, in order to be ready for the following week's recitations. But not so with others. No thoughts of recitations to be prepared weighed them down. What cared they fo1·the numerous "flunks" that awaited them on Monday following? "Begone, dull care," was to be their motto for that day. Like thousands, I might say millions, twenty-odd years ago, they were fired with but one aim, and animated with but one desire, but it worded "On from Riehmond" this time. With shouts of joy and spirits running high, we packed ourselves in wagons, eaget· to press forward to the once bloody battle-fields on the north and east of Richmond. Our commander-in-chief with his staff, mounted on fiery chargers, took their position in front, and our corps in two di• visions moved off amid farewell cries from the assembled crowd, and the waving of handkerchief5, hats, and sundry articles of wear from the windows of the college.

below

Richn1.e11d.

The shouts of those left behind began to fade away in the distance,'and, sounding like an echo, played second to the familiar college songs that were soon begun, and joined in by all with a hearty good-will. Some, like the dying swa_n, never known to sing before, launched forth, unlike the swan, into most excruciating and heart-rending sounds, which, upon one who had observed the almost angelic expression of their countenances, but did not understand the cause of their enthusiasm, would have made the impression that they were demented. After "taking in part of the town," we left the city by the Nine-Mile road. We were soon well away from its noise and bustle, but, sentinel-like, her graceful church spires and our beloved college, loomed up behind us, reminding us that we were still under the circle of their horizon. The steeples and higher build• ings of the city grew dimme1· and dimmer, finally fading from view, and the widely-scattered houses and few passet·sby, proved we were well in the country. We passed the inner line of forts around the city, and turned into the Mechanicsville pike. Going but a short distance, we passed through the inner line of fortifications, and, jogging leisurely along, we reached the outer line about 11 o'clock. This strongly intrenched line is about four miles from the city at this its nearest point, and extends for miles along the ridge overlooking the Chickahominy. It was on this outer line that the ConfeJerate forces were planted in the defence of th~ir capital before the seven days' fighting at·om1d Richmond began. Here

. RICHMOND

COLLEGE .MESSENGER.

we made our first halt. The zeal with which our company disembarked and double-quicked across the uneven stretch of ground, and the calm, cool courage with which ,they approached the breastworks, was worthy of Jackson's footcav.alry. Mounting the fortifications about a hundred yards to the right of the r,1ad, and about where General Lee's headquarters were, we had a fine view of the · Chickahominy and surroundings. Mechanicsville, about one and a half miles distant, is situated on the elevation opposite-the battle-field by that name extending along to the left of ·the village. To -our left; above us-ab_out four miles; is Meadow Bridge, where General A. P. Hill?s division crossed the Chickahominy, and, emerging from the woods . that extend up to Mechanicsville, on the left, 0ore down upon McClellan's right wing, about 1 o'clock of the 26th day of June, 1862. To- our right, beyond our view, was the scene of more numerous and irnporumt battles of the seveii days' fighting . around Richmond. Chickahominy swamp, the home of gnats, mosquitos, and malaria, stretched itself out at our feet. It varies in width from a, few hundred yards to a mile or more, and is crossed in a few places by n~rrow roads. It was my pleasure to cross this swamp last spring, when it more nearly corresponded to its flooded condition in the spring of '62 than at the time of , our trip .. I had often wondered why :McClellan had no better success in his efforts to get to Richmond by this route with his advantage in numbers, equipment, &c. But the sight of the Chickahominy, covered with a jungle of thorns, bru sh, and trees, and overflown w_ith almost stagnant water, im-

pressed me with one great cause of his defeat more thoroughly than all the books which I had read. From the pools of stagnant water, extending along through the dark underbrush, and covered with a green film, I imagined I could almost see great ghosts of chills and fevers, rising up, like the gas in the Poisoned Valley of Java, and spreading its deadly miasma out over the swamp and surrounding country. It was a relief to me to get away from a place which, " during the late un-pleasantness," no doubt caused the death of more men than were lost by shot and shell. Here are the great natural fortifications of Richmond, , offensive and defensive, protecting the city from invasion as did the mountains of Greece protect that country. But for fear your interest has been already chillt>d,and your patience wrought into a fever, we will hasten across and enter Mechanicsville. Taking the extreme right of the three roads that diverge here, our route laid parallel to the swamp, over the ground on which was some of the hardest fighting. Depressions in the road, which furnished a natural protection, were stoutly contended for by the Federal forces, and when · they were forced to retreat, great numbers were shot down. Our attention was directed to some old cedars and oaks, that plainly showed where they had been scarred by cannon and bullets. The Northern troops were by degrees driven back, and about nightfall made a stand at Ellison's Mill, about a mile farther on, where we spent half an hour. This was the scene of the terrible conflict in which the Confederates endeavored ineffectually to drive back the Unionists-their strong position being a-

BATTLE-FIELDS BELOW RlCElJfOND. clump of pines on the hill opposite. But .in the night the Northern forces fell back about two miles to Gaines' Mill, which is situated, as is Ellison's Mill, on a tributary to the Chickahomiuy. As we passed through I noted particulur ly the structure once known as Ellison's Mill. Nowhere have I seen a more melancholy picture of the late war than this. At our approach no busy hum of wheels, or splashing of water, greeted our ears. Save the noise of our company, and the chirping of a thrush, all was silent and deserted. The roof in places fallen in, the mill-race rotted down, the windows knocked out, the door tumbled over, the walls crumbled away, and surroundings grown up in brush and thorns, presented a picture I shall not soon forget. We continued our route by Walnut Grove church to Gaines' Mill. Between here and Cold Harbor, more than a mile in length, and far out on both sides, was fought ,the battle known as that of Gaines' Mill. This was a battle-ground again in 164, when Generals Grunt and Lee fought with their lines almost at right angles to those of '62. Here we left our wagons once more, and, ascending the hill on the left of the road, walked over the battlefields to Cold Harbor. Our way for a while lay smoothly enough over cleared ground; but we soon entered a wood, which became thicker and more difficult to make our way through. In the thickest of the woods we happened upon a series of rifle-pits thrown up without any apparent system and branching off in different direct.ions. · The opposing lines in places were within less than speakino'-' distance, showing along with their irregularity how valiantly every inch of _groundwas contested. It soon became

so dense that our commander, who was on horseback as aforesaid, was forced to make a circuit in order to extricate himself. So, having been left without a leader, the crowd broke up in small parties, and became scattered. Some found a clump of chinquepin bushes, and for a time forgot their destination. They cared little for their lost condition, when there was furnished them the delightful pastime of1illing their pockets and stomachs with next to nothing, and their fingers with innumerable prickles. But, hark! did you hear that sound?

It was only a youth, who had bitten a green persimmon. (He had never seen one before.) His mouth and stomach, and therefore his body, were drawn up to such small proportions that he had no difficulty thereafter in wending his way through the thickest jungles. (This was one of those swan-like youths I mentioned above. He sang an enchantingly sweet falcctto on his way home.) But others were not so fortunate, 01· shall I say unforlunate? True, they had bitten no green persimmons, but they had trouble in getting through the woods-so much so that some were lost, seemingly hopelessly lost fora time. This write1· being one of the number, his stomach was drawn np from hunger and fatigue like tl1e swan-likc-falcetto "rat" above was by his green persimmon. He sat down, and after pulling off his coat and wiping the perspiration from hiR brow, wns ready to wail :mcl gnash his teeth, when he thought that perhaps at that very ti me the rest of "the boys" might 1!ach be refreshing their inner, while his inner man was in such a deplorable fix. About 1 o'clork they began to pile into Cold Harbor Cemetery, not to make it

120

RICHMOND

COLLEGE lrfESSENGER.

soldiei~s,and a number of Spanish and Portuguese who fled at the first onset of the enemy, ultimately drove the . French from the Peninsula. The inva sion of Russia was tl1e beginning of Napoleon's rapid downfall. In that campai gn over 500,000 men lost their lives, either in battl e or, mostly, by famine and cold. The story is told that, when Napoleon was about to invade Russia; a per son who had unsuccessfully endeavored to dissuade him from his purpose, quoted to him the proverb, "Man proposrs, hut God disposes." Napoleon replie<l, "I both propose arnl dispose.'' A lady standing near, said: "God will not allow :my one to talk thnB with impunity. That is the beginning of Napoleon's downfall.'' After this brief rm·iew of Nn.poleon's war record, before his expulsion to the isle of Elba, let us notice the way· in whi<'h he ruled France. During the earlier part of his administration, he governed with clemency and moderation. The welfare of the people seemed to be the chief object for which he worked in time of peace. Roads were made and canals were construct crl. But, after he assume,! the title of Emperor, in 1804, he cfo;regarded the intere sts of the peoplr. He cared not how many lives were sacrificed, if only his own selfish aims could be realized. This fact was shown in the Ru ssian campaign of 1812, when thousands of his men were dying eyery (lay from cold. ·what cared he! Hurrying back to Paris in his exq uisitdy arranged coach, lie left his men to their fate. How different from this was Wellington's beha\'ior, when, after the battle of Wartedoo, on enquiring for some of his men and learning that so many of

them were dead, exclaimed, witht ears, "A victory is the next worst thing to a. defeat!" Napoleon's god was ambition. He cut his way through thick and thin, Determined everywhere to win.

And then, too, Napoleon had no respect for his word, as was proved by his return from Elba, after having given a promise that he would not come back to Europe without the permission of the Great Powers. A great many_ people, regarding only Bonaparte's prowess and skill on the field of battle, think of him as a noble character. But let us see if such was the case. In judging of a mmi's actions, we musf consider the circumstances in which he lived. Napoleon came upon the scene of action at a time when the French people-always impetuous and volatile-were without a leader. They had just come out of a period of anarchy and blood• shed; and it was a good time for a popular man to gain power. Bonaparte, full of energy and dash, took the reigns of government, and "rode on to glory.'' By degrees he rose in authority, and soon became, in the true sense of the term, an autocrat monarch. But what animated Napoleon in his course of proceedure? What were his motives? For, after all, the moral qnaility of an act lies chiefly, if not altogether, in the motive that prompts it.. Vve answer--pride, avarice, selfislmess,&c. He desired to make himself ruler of the world; and to have Paris and London for his capitals. Where would the world be to-day, had this wish been gratified? No one can tell how fat· backward the tide of civilization would have rolled. Let us be thankful that Napoleon

NAPOLEON

BONAPARTE.

f21

failed. Bonaparte's treatment of his devoted wife, Josephine, will ever remain one of the blackest stains upon his character. But still we must give Napoleon his dm'. He was generous ; and was known to have relieved pickets, when they ha<l fallen asleep through fatigue. He was certainly one of the greatest soldiers the world had eVl'r seen-the equal, if not the superior, of Hannibal and Crnsar. The inflnc1ll:c which Napoleon exercised over his men was so great that they loved him despite his depotism and tyra!1ny. There wus a magic charm about him. Ney's conduct showed this to be the case when, on Napoleon's unexpected return fron1 Elba, he was sent against him with an army, he promised to bring him back "Like a lion in his cage," bnt, on seeing his old commander, the spell came over him, and he and his army went 0Yer to Napoleon's side. Napoleon now succeeded in getting together 125,000 men, and marched at once towards Belgium, where Wellington bad 70,000 English, Belgian, and Dutch troops, and where there was a force of Germans under Blucher. Napoleon first defeated Bl.ucher in the battle of Ligny, and sent 35,0000 men under Grouchy in pursuit; and himself, with 90,000 men, engaged Wellington in the battle of Waterloo. The issue of this contest is well knownhow Napoleon was defeated, and threw himself on English clemency, and was

banished to St. Helena, where he died in 1821, at the age of fifty-three years. The battle of Waterloo was of momentous importance; for if Napoleon had been victorious, the whole of Europe would have been prostrate at his feet, as the other Great Powers-Russia and Austria-were too much broken to offer any effectual resistance. Bad as it may seem for Napoleon to have kept Europe in a state of commotion for so long a period, yet it was overruled for the best by Him who governs the destinies of mankind. Before Bonaparte's time, Europe was composed of over three hundred states, the majority of which now constitute the German and Italian empires. These states were compelled to unite, in order to resist Napoleon; and thus the people began to think of consolidating themselves into great empires. ]'or, as is ,veil known, small states make very little progress in industrial arts, since they are continually menacing and fighting one another. It is only when merged into great nations that people, relieved in a large degree from strife, have time to turn their attention to arts and ci vilization. Though this concentration of small states into greater ones was not done by the Congress of Virginia, yet it was brought about in later years. Of a truth, " God maketh the wrath of man to praise Him, and the remaindetÂˇ of that wrath He restraineth."

'' Well, tempus fugit is here agaiu," said Miss Annie Armstrong, brushing a fly away from the table with her napkin. "Guess you don't know what tempus fugit means," replied Miss .Oliver, scoru4

fully. "Guess I do," insisted our Valedictorian. "What does it mean, then?" "It means fly time, of course! Think I never stndied German? "-Ex.

ALBION.

RICHMOND

Ichabod

COLLEGE MESSENGER.

C•·an~

and

ltis

Sn-eetheart.

Let me say in the beginning that I sity" ! Is Ichabod sincere ? Does he cannot imagine who Ichabod Cr:me, the really love his sweetheart :is niuch as he another of "The Sweetheart" in the last expresses ? 01· does he only adore her, Messenger, can be. Tbis, however,-in · when she is taking none of his time or justice to him I say it-is not his fault making no drain on his pocket-book ? but my misfortune. And much more He asks, "what would life be without are my guesses all at sea, when I turn to her," but goes on to show how miserably awkward it is when in her company. Irving's discription of him in ''The Sketch Book." ,vho can he Le? Lis"She is a bright particular star which glitters above the horizon and allures us ten : ''He was tall, but exceeding lank, to glory." But it would seem, after read_ with na1-row shoulders, long arms and legs, bands that dangled a mile out of ing further, that she is a Lright star that shines particularly just wl1ere she is not bis sleeves, feet that might have served wanted to shine (e.g., Gamble's Hill,) aud for shovels, and his whole frame most allures him to Pizzini's, just where he loosely hung together. His bead was doesn't want to go. As it has been small, and flat at top, with huge ears, a month or more since those glorions large, green 1 glassy eyes, and a long snipelines quoted a born were penned, judging nose, so that it looked like a weatherfrom the manner in whi<-h he was so subcock perched up bis spindle neck to tell missively allured, I should suppose that which way the wind blew. To see him Ichabod has by this time gone up to striding along the profile of a hill on a glory sure t-nough, and has been there windy day, with his dothes bagging · and for some days. "Her voice is music ." fluttering about him, one might have misAll the time, Ichabod ? Then why not, taken him for the genius of famine depray, when she says "Pizzini's," or asks scending upon the eartii, or some scarefor the second saucer ·? Now I submit crow eloped from a corn-field." But for your reflection, Ichabod, that little whoever he may be whom this descripvalue can be bestowed on that affection tion suits - it matters not - Ichabod which lea,·es out of the account the iceCrane has evidently made some grievous _ cream and the buggy ridl'B. Had you mii;:takes on the subject of sweethearts. not anticipated such items when you fell He starts out with the assertion, which in love ? Did you not know that "true seems to be by way of amelioration if not love neYcr runs stl'aight"-except for a apology for what is to follow, "lam not man's pocket-book ? Now that fact you an enemy of the sweetheart." How may as well learn at once, aud get it off good, how forgiving is Ichabod ! Alyour mind. though his sweetheart, whenever he is in "If I were strolling with her on a her company, nestles him in thorns, as was shown on two or three occasions of moonlight occasion and a huge and hunwhich he gives us an account, yet "she is · gry wolf should assail her, I should go not only a daisy, but a blissful necesfor the wolf even at the risk of life and

10HABOJJ CRANE AND HIS SWEETHEART. limb. This I say, not in illustration of my courage, but to show how I feel about my sweetheart." But judging from. the thoughts and experiences which subsequently followed these utterances, it would seem that even Ichabod Crane himself would agree that the sentiment just quoted from his pen should be revised as follows: "If I were strolli11g out on a moonlight occasion and she aud a huge and hungry wolf were to ask to accompany me, I should go ,,,ith the wolf at the risk of life and limb. This I say, not in illustration of my courage, but my good Âˇsense and foresight." So much for friend Crane's honeyed compliments of his sweetheart. Now he comes lo speak of her "inconveniences," which ''candor compels" him to mention. First, she is a great "TimeKiller." Now, it does seem to me that if Ichabod Crane is such a "Killer" as he seems to be, he might let his girl be a "Killer" too. By way of enforcing his first proposition, however, he gives au account of a visit to her house "one balmy night." His description of the preparations he ma,le and the earlier part of that visit is simply gran<l-in fact, picturesque. He "curled his hair," "twisted his stunning moustache" (more likely referring to his stunned moustache, stunned perhaps in its infancy)-and then the "angelic," the "sweet little chat," the "melting with adoration" was indeed quite graphic, I may say, immens11. But why should the breath ha,Âˇe heen knocked out of him, as he says, when the "idol of his heart" proposed a walk to Pizzini's ? Is it possible that Ichabod Crane was willing to accept and enjoy so hugely, things "angelic," "sweet little

chats," and even go so far as to "melt with adoration," and yet not be willing to pay for the privilege? But as to the second proposition, that the sweetheart is a great "Loose-Change Wa~ter." This proposition is liable to the same objection as the first. His girl has as much right to be a loose-change waster as be has to be a girl-waister, as he seems to have been, judging from his midnight strollings on the parks. He should, it seems to me, be willing to pair off evenly with his girl on that point. As to that buggy ride in which_so much money was wasted, let me say that the livery-man swindled him. Two dollars and fifty cents an hour! Perhaps he thought that Ichabod looked so much like he were accustomed to walk, that he was unacquainted with livery prices, and hence he could charge him as he pleased. Anyhow, it is well that the name of the owner of the stables where that buggy was hired was withheld. Had it been mentioned, I have no doubt but that a placard on the door of the stables would have announced long ere this that the owner had made an assignment and was selling out below cost to close L!.1siness. But our friend Crane ought not to have been affrighted at big bills-all cranes have them. The dictionary says "a crane is a species of grus, with little head and long bill." And I should not suppose Ichabod differed materially from the rest of the species. Well does he call himself Ichabod, for when he touches on the sweethearts, "his glory indeed is departed." In conclusion I would say that I speak in behalf of the sweethearts, and would give Ichabod Crane a few words of counsel and admonition.

RICHMONDCOLLEGEMESSENGER. First-if your girl has imperfections, it is not the part of wisdom and courtesy to publish them. Second-if you want to run your love matters on the cheap basis, select a girl that does not love moonlight strolls, one who has no appetite for sweet things and doesn't think buggy rides nice a bit. Thirdly-I consider that you have slandered the sweethearts. You give a lengthy account of the misgivings of your sweetheart, but have the boldness to give to your article the general appellation "The Sweetheart," as if they are all like you1Âˇs. You should not draw conclusions about a class from one example. Because you happen to have a sweetheart whose imperfections you feel constrained to publish, it does not follow

that all sweethearts are just like yours. I admit that you were rather unfortunate in your choice, but having made it, pray do not be dismayed by ice-cream and buggy rides. Had Ichabod called his article "My Sweetheart," I, who dislike to see sweethearts misrepresented, would have had nothing to say. It would be well if Ichabod allow these few remarks to penetrate his Crane-ium. Let no one say that this is a warfare between the Cranes and the pygmies. (I am no pygmy.) I have the kindest feelings for Ichabod Crane, and this article is only the pumpkin which was thrown at his head by BRoMBONEs.

In the year 1200, chimneys were scarcely known in England ; one was only allowed in a religious house, one in a manor house, and one in the great hall of a castle; but in other houses the smoke found its way out as it could. The writers of the fourteenth century seem either to have been unacquainted with them, or to have considered them as the newest invention of luxury. In Henry the Eighth's reign the University of Oxford had no fire allowed ; for it is mentioned that after the students had supped, having no fire in winter, they . were obliged to take a good run for half an hour. to get heat in their feet1 before retiring to bed. Hollinshed, in the reign of Elizabeth, describes the rudeness of the preceding generation in the arts of life : " There were," says he, "very few chimneys ; even in capital towns the fire was laid to the wall, and the smoke is-

sued out at the roof, door, or window." In 1689, a tax of two shillings was lai<l on chimneys.-'l'id-Bits. A Texas newspaper beautifully says : "Did you see that gorgeous sunset Monday evening? The phenomenon was surpassingly beautiful, and its roseate glory only lacked the heavenly chariot and an angel and trump to complete a foreshadowing picture of the morning of the last <lay, when the final fires shall glow in the east and lift their flames to the skies. An electric sea drifted slowly adown the eastern horizon, and the golden rays from the sun's good-night kiss bathed in its prismatic glories, painting a scene above all art, anJ exhibiting colors that only nature can produce from the rarest tints of infinite beautr on the lightning's easel."

IN 1JfEMOR1AM.

IN -1UE1'IORIA1U.

seemed to swell with joy when engaged in religious work, and especially have we noticed this, in his persistent efforts to comfort and console the aged and afflicted He is gone ! is the fearful fact which in the Alms House. Yes, truly do we time confirms. His form has vanished ; miss him. Truly do we realize our loss. his voice is still, but the remembrance . Yet we feel, from his life is emanating a yet remains. Months and yearR may ray of influence, falling silently about come and go, hut the thought of having our pathway, ever pointing ns to a life met WIRT E.' DAVIS, will ever gla<lden beyond, to which his spirit has taken its our hearts. flight. The ties of affection with which pleasBroken down in health, he bade us ant association linked our hearts to his, good-bye before the close of the session are broken, and our eyes are filled w~th of 1884 and 1885. tears as memory brings back his sweet, Little have we heard since, but now loving disposition ,liefore our minds. the sad news comes that -he is gone, never It was our privilege to form hiR ac- to return. quaintance in September, 1884. His We cannot gi\Âˇe a detailed account of kind, gentlemanly manners at once gained his death, but he was called home in the twenty-third year of his age, after having our admiration; and during our acspent one session at college preparing for quaintance of nine months we have not the work of the ministry. had occasion to think for a moment that But he is gone, and we, too, feel the he was any other than a trne Christian same strnke which saddened the hearts of gentleman. As a student he did what he could. the bereaved family. Every family has Oftentimes we have known him enter its vacant seats around the fire-side. the lecture-room, weak and unable to re- Every heart seeks at .times for those who cite, yet so strong was his desire to suc- are living, among the places of the dead. cee<'.{, and so zealous was he in the disWe cannot stop the pains of bereavecharge of duty, that he always awakened ment ; our dearest love cannot hold back our sympathies by his efforts. those whom God calleth, and while we He was an active, e~rnrgetic member mourn for the departed, trembling mixes of the Phi!_ologian Society, always bright with our love for those who remain. and cheerful in the discharge of duty, Onr grief is great, and only when the -and-worthy of om imitation upon the heart looks to the future-away out bepart of earnestness. He was also a yond the roll of years, and the fading of member of the Young Men's Christian material beauty-to that home of the Association, and it -i'l in this connection soul where God is the Father, where the that his actions reveal to us his true, rosy cheek of childhood is fanned by the geuuine, Christian character. His heart wings of the cherubim,-and when we " Lone are the paths. and sad tlie bowers, Whence thy meek smile is gone : But 0, a brighter home than ours, In heaven is now thine own."

RJOltJJONb COLLEGEMESSENGER. can fully realize that we can go to him, · but he cannot return to us, can there be reconciliation to this dispensation of Providence which invoh-es us in such a sorrow. But-

Our loss is his infinite gain ; A soul out of prison released, And freed from his bodily chain ; With songs let us follow his flight, And mount with his spirit above, Escaped to the mansions of light, And lodged in the Eden oflove."

" Weep not for a brother deceased-

EDITORIAL

MATE.

DEPAR'rMENT.

With this number of the Messenger the corps of newly elected editors make their bow, and enter into their duties as such. Most of us are launching fot· the first time into the editorial sea, doubtless to be tossed by many a wave. We are not disposed to plead this as an excuse for any failure on our part to keep the Messenger at its usual standard of ~xcellence. We are determined to do our best, and what more can one do, or why need any excuse be made after that? The paper has started on a new era with double its old size and a more attractive appearance. Now more than ever it needs the attention and support of every member of the two Societies. Fell0w-students, if you want your paper to prnsper and to take the first place in the lirie of C'ollege magazines, then write for it. · Write pieces worthy of your skill and best efforts, and which will bring credit to you and to your paper. The State Fair has come and gone. The stmlents haµ the usual holiday of two days, which were spent in seeing the "sights" at the Fair-Grounds. The Fair is pronounced the best held here fo1· many years. The exhibit of cattle was exceptionally fine.

As -usual, the races were the centre of attraction. One noticeable feature, and in the opinion of the writer an objectionable one, was the presence of an nnnsal number of gambling-tables. Is it that the State Agricultural Society wishes to encourage this wicked and degrading practice, or is it because they have not taken the trouble to consider the matter? It may be presumed that e,·ery member of the Society has too much true manhood to deign to engnge in this practice. But have they ever thought of the fact, that in thus encouraging this thing, they may be considered equally culpable with those who entice young men, perhaps, to take their first step towards ruin? Even children under twelve years old might be seen placing the contents of their miteboxes at the stake only to be pocketed by men who have.little principle and less conscience. In our humble judgment, the Society would do well to try and remedy this thing. Better to have no Fair at all than to corrupt the_morals and, ·it may be, blight the lives of the youth of our State. On Friday evening, 24th ultimo, the students of the college-and not students

EDITORIAL

DEPARTMENT.

calmly serene in the midst of the wearisome acth-ity of others, that this seems to he a reasonable inference from observatilm of their conduct. They seem to be entirely ohli vious of the fact that the decree, "in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread," extends to them. In the restricted Ephere of college life, we find no exception to the rule. There is always to be found a class who never have anything to do(?). They are gentlemen of leislll"e; or, as college slaug more appropriately characterizes them, loafers-a useless, purposeless, goodfor-nothing, annoying class, who do nothing themselves, ofany practical value, and allow no one else to accomplish anything of importance while they are on hand. They are generally to be found wa11tlering idly o,·er the campus, strolling up and down the halls, knocking at every door, and, in a word, anywhere except in their own rooms. They ran be readily identified. Their lazy, careless carriage, and utter freedom from care, which is always pr()minent in their expression, will always advertise them as the college loafers; or, as they style themselves, the gentlemen of leisure. They are the vexation of the laborious student. The,· come in and find him at work, and proceed to lecture him on the neccessity of cessation from st u<ly, and such like matters ; not that they have any interest in his well-being, but simply to insure their welcome, as they suppvse, by this affected interest in him. They cannot take the hint that their absence would be more highly appreciated than It seems that in every department of· their presence. Oh, no. They seem lite,there are a favored few upon whom its to have the impression that he considers himself highly favored, who has the forduties seem not to fall. At any rate, these enviably happy creatures are so tune (we should rather say misfortune)

alone, either, for our chapel was cheered _ with the faces of rnme of our lady friends too-were fayored with a visit from the well-known elocutionist, Willoughby Reade. He begun his reading-if it may be so termed-with a very accurate mimicry of an old English preacher whom he had the pleasure of hearing in his early boyhood. His imitation was perfect, but very ludicrous, arnl we sincerely hope that it may be effective in keeping "our boys" from following the style of that ''Ancient Brother." His "Carle the Blacksmith'' was rendered beautifully, and, we've 110 doubt, brought tears into the eyes of some of the more sympathetic hearers. But his "Mousetale"-or tail-seemed to be most appreciated by tl1e students, especially by those of us who are particularly fond of laughing. "Joshua" acted his part like a man. The purpose of Professor Reade was to organize a class of Richmond Uollege students for the study and practice of elocution. • We think him one of the finest of elocutionists, and, judging from the reputatic,n which he has acquired, he must be an extraordinarily fine teacher of the art. Come up, boys, and join Professer Reade's class, and don't let's deprive Dr. Steele of the pleasure of gi viug some of us the Reader's Medal, again this session ! Let's raise our standard, boys, and not allow the faculty any excuse for playing another such joke. You'll never have a better opportunity. Come now !

RICHMOND

COLLEGE lrIESSENGER. ---~----

of being their host. At night they may be seen, in the silent hon rs of appointed rest, skulking arournl the abode of Rome unfortu11ate "Rat," with the ominous dark-lantern an<l small rope, to terrify him by rudely dragging him from his berl, and thus infringing 11pon that most sacred rio-ht-"the ri<rht of everv man to his toe." · After such excursions they betake themselves to their rooms, long forsaken, where they remain till long after breakfast hour, and then Raui1ter out toward the Mess Hall, and send in orders fot· warm c,lffee, &c., with characteristic presnmptiou. But perhaps, after all, they have some useful function to pet·form; l,ut we have not as yet found out what it is. ~

Yes, we went to the Fair. Why shouldn't we? Everybody went. But don't ask us why we went. Since we come to think, we hardly know. We had nothing to do at home. But that was not the reason we went. "\Ve go every year, but that put us under no obligation to go this time. We cfoln't go to see the races, because when the crowd was yelling at them we were calmly looking at a fellow knock down wooden babies. Our ohject was not to visit the Exhibition Hall, for every time we have ever entered this department our first question on entering, was, How to get out. W c went not to see the machinery, for the simple reason that we did not want to see it. We didn't go to see· the people. We have been gazing at them all our days, and we yeari) for a little variety. e didn't go to carry out any little children to see the sights, because we di<ln't have any to carry. Our object was not to see the fowls and cattle. We didn't trudge

our way out there to throw our money away on those gambling tdcksters, for the reason that we had none. We didn't go so as to be able to say we ha<l been, because nobody cares whether we went 01· not. ltt fact, we should be much relieved if somebody ,rnuld call around and inform us what our idea was in walking out there and tramping around all day without our dinner. We spent the day strolling about and looking at the people. If there is anytlring novel or fascinating about those two performances we fail to see it. But we went, and we can't see that it is anybody's business what we went for. And we are now wondering how many hundreds went with no other idea than that they were "going to the Fair." In our rambles our attention was attracte<l by a fellow who was exernising his jaw in the interest of hi'l "Little Japanese Returning Ball" -a generous device for giving a man $1.25 for a quarter. What seemed to cast a mystery ove1· the whole concern was, how a man could knock the pin down every time when he was trying "for fun," but when he prefaced his attempt with a silver quarter he was snre to end in a mis~rable failure. A little further on, we noticed a fellow whose principal characteristics seemed to be brass and jaw, holding a crowd spellbound by telling them that he cared not for money-that he had a fortune in bank (a sand bank), and had come out for the purpose of giving it away in some little prize packages which he had in a box• The credulous astonishment we saw depicted on some of the innocent faces of that crowd drew a smile from our solomcholy face as we tumed away.

SCIENTIFIC

SCIENTIFIC By a series of observations made on a mixture of oxygen an<l hydrogen at intervals of 1000 hours, evidence has been obtained of combination at temperatures below that of dissociation. An electric current passing through a wire, when surrounded by air at atmospheric pressu1:e, heated it ouly to 80°C. But when the air-pressure was n+ oo of an atmosphere, the wire berame red-hot. The temperature did not alter much until the pressure became 1-lO0th of an atmosphere. ~rom a comparison of the observations, flnorspar, cryolite, and several artificial fluorine compounds, Mr. G. Glad- · stone shows the refi·action equivalent of fluorine to range from 0.3. to 0.8, the mean of the whole series of determination being 0.6. Thus, taking the highest estimate, the specific refraction of this element is scarcely equal to half that of any other substance.

An alloy containing one part of silver and two parts of alum in um is much used »1Paris in the manufacture of silverware. It is vr.ry hard, but more easily pressed and engraved than silve1;-copper alloys. An alloy of equal parts of aluminum and silver rivals bronze in hardness. Seismic Experiments.-Seismic experiments were commenced in conjunction with l\fr. T. Gray in 1880. The movements then recorde<l were produced by allowing a heavy ball, 1710 pounds in 5

NOTES.

NOTES. weight, to fall from various heights up to thirty-five feet. Subsequently many experiments were made by exploding charges of dynamite and gunpowder placed in bore-holes. During the last year, whilst working up the long series of records which accumulated, several laboratory experiments were made to in. vestigate the methods to be employed when ·analyzing the diagrams of earth motion. The first of these experiments consisted in projecting a small ball from the top of a tall, flat, vertically-placed spring, and at the same time causing the spring to draw a diagram of its motion. From the distance the ball was thrown, its initial velocity could be calculated. From the diagram, either by calculation on the assumption of simple harmonic motion or by direct measurement, the maximum velocity of movement could be obtained. These three quantities practically agreed. The most important result obtained by these experiments was that they indicated an important element to be calculated in earthquake or dynamite diagrams, and, further, that in these diag1·amRthe first sudden movement, which inva1·iably has the appearance of a quarter-oscillation, ought apparently to be considered as a semi-oscillation. The second set of experimeuts consisted in determining the quantity to be calculated from an earthquake diagram which would give a measure of the overturning or shattering i,ower of a distut·bauce. For this purpose a light strip of wood was caused by means of a strong spiral spring and a heavy weight to move horizontally

RICHMOND

COLLEGE MESSENGER.

back and forth with the period of the spring. On this strip small columns of wood were stood on end, and it was de-

tcrruiued how far the spring ha<l to be deflected and then suddenly released to cause overturning. NATURE.

LOCALS. Base-Ball! Foot-Ball! ! Croquet!!! Gymnasium ! ! ! ! Lawn-Tennis!! ! ! ! ! Whew ! what a mess! ! ! ! ! ! 0 ye teunis players, make wny for ye foot-ball players! Are you going home to vote? At·e you going to the Fair ? Just think _of it, two days! "Let's go to the Art Department to sre the chickens," was a question proposed by a young lady to one of our Rats at the Fair. Our college is 011 a boom! We have five ·Williams, four Dickinsons, thl'ee Jones, two Smiths, and one Brown. Prof. of Chem. : "1\Ir. B., what kind of an animal are you ? " Mr. B. : "A self-regii,tering stove." Mr. B. is uow registering at 50. Mr. T. to E.: " What was that last bell? " Mr. E. : " It was the twelve-fifty bell.'' Mr. T. (pulling out his watch) : "By my time, it is only ten minutes to one. I guess Bob's time is wrong." One of our Rats, while looking out of his door, observed a man riding, as he

supposed, upon a hoop, but upon going down on the campus he asl'ertained by inquiry that it was a bicycle. Go it, boots! Mr. W., while walking out with a young lady a fel\' afternoons ago, came to the Reser\'oir, where he proposed that they should go up and contemplate upon its grandeur; but she objected, saying she was afraid. Mr. \V. blushed, and they walked on. .Mr. C. (at the table): '' Please pass me the bread." Mr. N.: "Will you have a muffin?" Mr. C.: "No, sir; you cau't fool me with them com-dodgers. I didn't come to college to get corn bread." \Vonde1· what he came for? Som~ of our Rats, a few evenings ugo, went out serenading (vocal and instrumentul), and stopping at a certain place on Grace street, they were giving an exhi bit ion of their musical toleut to its fullest extent ., when an old colored man came along and inquired what them colored boys were doing out so late.

•

A few e\'enings ago Mr. M., after his evening repast, greatly to tlie enjoyment of the occupants of the third floor, poured forth the ·melodious strains from his renowned violin, the musiu of which was more alluring aurl soothing to the ears of

LOCALS. the O<'cupants of that district than the strains which flowed from the harp of Orpheus. While thus engaged, he received a note signed by the chairmnn requesting him to c_ome down immediately to his office, aud bring his violin, to answer the charges brought against him. Mr. M. started, white as a ghost, at a don ble-q uiek, but finding that it was a joke, returned in disgust. He still warbles!

and under the present management we hope that our paper will have a continued season of prosperity.

In another place in our columns will

be found an account of the taking of Cold Harbor hy the Richmond College boys on October 10th. A little incident connected with our return home, which may have escaped the notice of the author of that account, we will mention here. We have often wondered why "love and war," two ideas so It was a dark night; 110 light was seen, diametrically opposed to each other, and everything seemed black. Silence had stolen upon the scene and all was should be so often coupled together; but now we know ~y actual experience that still. Quiet reigned ; no sounds were • there is no time in one's life that he heard. But suddenly the college seemed thinks more tenderly about his lady-love to shake from its Yery foun,]ation ; the than when retuming weary and dusty walls mourned and the air was rent with from the battle-field. We were all therethe most hideous yells. What can it mean? ''Is it lightning or the clash of fore clamorous to turn our course toward thunder?" No! No! Tis only Mr. M., the Female Institute. who hm, fallen a victim to those illustriAccordingly we caused our head of column to Le wheeled in that directionous toe-pullers. But he is now convaVenimus, Vidimus, Vicim11.sI The lescent, and with his light dimly burning girls came to the doors and winand a. club in his h:md, "he stands d<;>wsand gazed at us with consternation waiting and watching for thee." and admiration(?) as the barnl (vocal) struck up: We are glad to say that the enlarge'·The InstitutP girls are hard to beat ment of the JJfesseriger,which was deBecause they are so awful sweet." terminecl upon last session, seems des'·Good bye, my lover, good bye." tined to he quite a success, and in Followed dosely By its new form is qute attractive. To "The college boys are hard to beat our Business Manager, Mr. Borum, Because they have such great big feet." i<idue a · great deal of the success, from "Good bye, my lover, good bye." And as we resumed our homeward the fact that he has been very faithmarch after this pleasant little halt (for ful in building up and working for the refreshments) one of the t{'achers of the JJies.senger. On account of the enlarge'Stute waved her hand in hearty approval ment and increase of work which either of the sentiment of the song or its devolves upon the 1\fanager, it was derendition (she is the music professor), cided brst that he should appoint an assistant. Mr. J. L. Brown, the appointed or in congratulation for our safe return assistaut, has good business qualifiC'ations, from the smoky battle-field.

RICHMOND COLLEGE MESSENGER. At a mass-meeting of the students held this session, a committee was appointed to look into the needs and condition of our gymnasum. vVe have since learned that a subscription has been taken up, and with the assistance from Dr. Ryland, the College Treasurer, our gymnasu m will be thoroughly repaired with additional apparatus, and so now during the long winter afternoons the boys may be able to develop their muscle to its fullest extent. It was also decided that we should have officers of the Gymnasum Association, and so ihe following are the officers : President, 0. L. Stearnes; Vice-President, H. H. Harris, Jr.; Secretary and Treasurer, J. L. Brown; Executive Committee-John V. Dickinson, R. A. Wilbur, and J. L. Brown. ·

rett, of Goochland county ; Correspond • ing Secretary, C. T. Smith, of Caroline county; Editors of Messenger-A. N. Bower,:, George H. Edwards, W. C. Robinson; Critic, E. B. Pollard, of Richmond; Treasurer, B. F. Gunh:r, of Accomac county; Chaplain, W. S. Catlett, Virginia; Sergeant-at-Arms, 0. L. Stearnes, of Pulaski county; Hall Committee-G. W. ShaYer, oflsle of Wight county; Monthly Orator, C. B. Tippett, of Kentucky. At the close of last session the Business Manager of the ]Jfesseng"r offered a reward-a silver watch, to cost the sum of twelve dollars-to the student who should bring back with him, when college again opened, the largest list of subscribers, naming a day when all lists should be in. The day came, and Mr. 0. L. Stearnes, of Pulaski county, was adjudged the winner of the watch, having gotten three subscribers. Several other students brought in lists, but haviug failed to present them on the appointed day, they were of course counted out. In all, about fifty new names were added to our subscription list. At a joint meeting of the two Societies held Friday night, October 9th, Mr. Stearnes was called forward amid applause, and the Business Manager called on Mr. E. B. Pollard, of Richmond, to present him the watch; which· he did, in about the followiug words : Mr. President:

On Friday night, October 9th, occurred the election of officers in the Philologian Society. The following are the officers : President, E. P. Lipscomb, of Nelson county; Vice-President, E. B. Hatcher, of Richmond; Historian, J. G. Paty, of Tennessee ; Recording Secretary, C. L. Laws, of Loudoun county; Treasurer, A. M. Austin, of Tennessee; Critic, W. A. Borum, of Norfolk; Censor, C. A. Woolfolk, of Richmond; Chaplain, J. B. Williams, of Campbell county; Editors of Messenge1'-E. B. Hatcher, H. W. Jones, C. D. Roy; Board of Managers-C. R. Crookshanks and J. A. Smith ; Monthly Orator, J. R. Comer. On the same night occurred the elec".A thing of beauty is a joy forever." tion in the Mu Sigma Rho Society, reThis remark, however, does not find its sulting as follows : President, W. A. force in form or features of either of the Harris, of Richmond; Vice-President, J. T. Redd, of Henrico county; Censor, . uncomely personages now before you (applause), but to that which I hold in A. S. H. Bristow, of Southampton county; Recording Secretary, B. .F. Barmy ~and.

LOCALS. You, sir, the worthy recipirnt of this present, are most dec;;ervingof ou1路htartiest congratulations. Faithfully you have striven, honestly have you out-stripped your competitors in a generous riralry, justly the reward is yours. The Greek sage, in looking do";n the long corridors of the ages, saw this hour with his prophetic eye and said, ou,len aneu pono11,-''nothing without labor." [Laughter.] I am sure, therefore, that it is not the intrinsic worth of the reward which you will chiefly prize, but the more lasting principle that it indicates-viz., the untiring zeal, unswerving patriotism and deYotion to your alma mater which throughout this race has ever been your watch-word. I once heard of a man who owned a watch by which no one could tell the time but himself, the old thing ran so crankily and acted so capriciously. When asked how he could tell time by it, he said, "Well, when the long-hand points at two, and the short-hand at seven, I know it's exactly half-pastfoui路 i'TI . the morning." So, sir, whenever you look at this watch, no matter where the hands may point, you will at once remember and say to yourself, "This was won by hard work in a good cause." Let it be to you, then, "a possession forever," ktema eis aei,-may the pawnbroker never see it! [Laughter.] There is, in a certain cathedral in Spain, a clock which announces the hour to the world by the firing of a pistol. It is said to be a device for killing tirne. Though this watch seems quite heavy, and might prove a very formidable weapon, let me advise you never to kill time with it. For, sir, time will prove quite harmless if well impi路c,ved. More

tl1:m once 110 doubt you ha ,路t been asked, "\Yhat time is it.?" but that question in the future will be multiplied many-fold by those who are not so fortunate as yourself to possess a time-piece . . Prepare manfully to meet that question, and answer it with magnanimity and grace. "Tick, tick, tick"-may you never attempt to get thl'ongh the world, by running on tick. But always keep a good balanee-wheel and ne\"er run-down-at the heel. May your face be as open as the face of this watch, your conscience as clear as the crystal and your hands e..,-er point to the truth. Here is your reward. Take it and wear it. In after years you will prize it; when seated by the bright glow of the fire-side in your cosy mountain home, with slippers and wig, amid the prattle of little mouths and the patter of little feet (applause), then it will be with pride and delight that you take it from your pocket and show it to those around you and reverently say : 'fake it up tenderly, '!"ouch it with care, Given so willingly, By the Messengaire. I got three ~ubscribers When I was a boy; It tickled my fibers, And was always my joy. Now, Johnny and Willie, :Mylittle eyes oi blue, When you go to college, Must get a watch too.

On behalf of the Messmger and its Business Manager, I present you with this timely token of their gratitude. Palmam gui meruit ferat. Mr. Stearnes then made a good and appropriate reply of acknow ledgmeut, and the joint meeting adjourned. Whereas it l~s come to our hearing that the providence of God has remoyed

111C1IMONJJCOLLEGE MESSENGltll. our friend and former fellow-student, Wirt E. Davis, to himself on high : 1. Resolved, That while we cannot comprehend His design in thus C'alling away one so young and so full of promise, we bow submiFsively to His decree. 2. Resolv,d, That in our brother we recognized a true gentleman, a faithful student, and above all a consecrated Christian, one who showed indications of great usefulness in his calling, the Christian ministry. 3. Resolved, That we tender to his bereaved family our heartfelt sympathies in their afuiction. 4. Resolred, That a copy of these

resolutions be published m the Richmond College Jfcssenge1Âˇ, the Rdigio1is Herald, and a copy be sent to the family of tl1e decease<l. WM. H. J. PARKER,

G. T. BRADLEY, Jr., L. J. HALEY, Jr., Committee.

L. R. Hamberlin, once the poet editor of this journal, is now professor of Latin and Greek in Shreveport, La. The ShrcYeport (La.) Times speakA editorially of the Chairman of our Faculty as "one of the brightest. Greek scholars on the continent."

PERSONALS.

S. W. Huff, of session '84-5, is now

engaged as a teacher in Stauntm1. Cut your "switches," Slaughter ! P. G. 1\hssey, of session '83-4, has at last, we hear, been entrapped by the fair daughter of Venus, and is now happy in the holy bonds of wedlock. Rev. J. L. King, sessions '80-'84, was married, on October 14th, to Miss Annie Hubbard, sister of our esteemed college mate R. C. Hubbard, of Pittsylvania county. We 11ear glowing accounts of their wedding at the residence of the bride's fat her, also of the reception at the home of the bridegroom, in Halifax county. The happy couple have the hearty congratulatiolls and best wishes of many warm frien<ls of R. C.

Popular rumor, unlike the rolling stone of the proverb, i; one which gathers

a deal of moss in its wanderings up and d()wn.-Dickens.

T. J. Da~enport, of session '72-3, is tca<Âˇhing in a graded school at Marion.

W. N. Britton, session '84-5, is teaching school in Smyth county. C. W. Duke, who was so ill here last session, has quite recovered, and is now well situated as principal in a high school in Isle of Wight county. W. J. H. Bohannon, of session '82-3, is now reading law at his homr, in Matthews county. T. S. Wilbur, of session '77-8, is now of the fii-m of T. G. Wilbur & Son, of Charleston, S. C.

EXCHANGES.

EXCHANGES. The many bright visitors that come to u(from the : various colleges and uni Yersities, and always find a welcome to our Exchange-table, possess an interest entirely t)leir owu. Their most daring ventures ofresearch, their gravest depths of thought, are spiced and seasoned wit~ jolly fun, such as only a collegia11can originate. And there is an irresistible fascination in this kind of reading; you feel as if the thorough enjoyment of life were contagious. To you -all we say welcome; but to those of you whose charms are enhanced by that "effeminate peculiarity" so especially delightful, we tip our hats, make our most polite bow, and say, thrice welcome. \Ve most heartily echo the sentiments of the Oolle_qe Index in regard to the aims of a college paper and the way in which it should be conducted. HaY'ing given its idef\s of a college paper in a general way, it speaks of the Exchange column as follows : "Some believe the Exchange department of little account, and act accordingly; but to those selfsatisfied and self-righieons Pharisees in college journalism who need not the aid of friendly criticism to imprnve their pages, we beg to quote those famous lines of Burns: " '0 wad some power the giftie gie us, 'l'o see oursels as other s see us ! It wad frae monie a blunder free us, â€˘ And fooli sh notion !"'

"It is that phase of human nature here noted, which explains the utility of an Exchange column. We believe, for rea-

sons previou sly given, that the college paper has a mission. Let us, then, fellow Exchange editors, by mutual suggestion and encouragement help it fulfil its mission, and raise the standard of college journalism." The Studerit is a pap er of which Wake Forest College is justly proud. Its "getup" is as good as the best. Its department'> are numerous and ably conducted, and its literary articles are of a high order; but we are surpri se1l that it lacks an Exchange column. The AuroM, though it contains hut two literary articles, compensates in quality for what it lacks in quantity. Its "Poet Soul" shows deep thought and logical reasoning, clothed in chaste language. The same may be ,mid of "Republicani sm Imp erishable." Where, 0 where is the Institute Gazette 1 Echo answers, Where? Tl1e Hat<-h et, though an UJJassuming little paper, we welcome to our Exchange list. Live and grow. The College Transr.ript, a bi-weekly paper, published by the Seniors of Wesleyan University, is one of our best exchanges. Its large amount of Editorials, Locals, College News, and Items, make it very bright and interesting. The Fisk Herald, though a very large paper, i~ filled with excellent reading matter.

RICHJJOND

COLLEGE

The Collegl'.Journal -(Georgetown) is truly a good periodical, but it ought to dress better. My friend, you are in sad need of an overcoat. On its first page we find an excellent translation, in poetry, of Ode XVIII., Book iv., Horace. The apt expression and general poetic merit of the piece reflect credit upon the author. The Wilmington Collegi,,n is a bright little paper, which we are always happy to welcome into our sanctum, not alone because it is the work of dainty hanrls either, but because it is indeed a worthy exchange. Its articles are not long, but pointed, happy, and of a high order of excellent traits. The Hillsdale CollegeHerald, one of our few weekly exchanges, is an interesting and spicy little sheet,, but does not pay as much attention to its literary rlepartment as it should. The CollegeSpeculnm, from the Agricultural College ofMichigan, is an excellent paper of its kind. Its articles are, as they should be, al most entirely scien-· i fie ; b:1t the magnitude of its news department is something uueq ualled by any other of our exchanges. No lens than niue huge columns are clcYoted to College News and Personals. One of our medical exchanges expresses the opinion that the use of dynamite tends to produce apoplexy. Under this circumstance we would advi~e all students to refrain from the use of dynamite. When they feel the appetite 0\'erpowering them, they should challenge Sullivau, twist a mule's tail, or go on a calathump and shoot "baby-wakers" between the teeth.

MESSENGER.

The Van ·derbilt Observei·ranks among our best exchanges. Its "get-up" is neat, unique, and attractive; its articles show thought and painstaking. Its editorial-a feature which, alas! is frequently too sadly neglected-is abO\,e the average. An exchange gives us the following, which, as '' Squaw" says, "takes the pud" : " A dude, after gazing with the utmost intentness for a few moments at a giraffe, turned away, with sad tears welling from his eyes, and sighed, 'Oh, if I only had a neck like that, what a collar I could wear ! '" An exchange prints " A Chapter of . Accidents," but doesn't mention Rutherfor<l B. Hayes or "Chet." Arthur. We call upon some of our " fairer sex" exchanges to solve the following: Arithmetic : ( 1) If Susie has 1 new dr_ess, and Clara has 2 new dresses, how many more callers will Clara have during an evening? (3) If Arabella likes Claude, and Claude likes somebody else, what does Arabella think of somebody else? Geometry: Problem-(1) To construct a brownstone building and establishment on the base of a nine-hundred-dollar salary. (2) Square a milliner's bill. N"tm·al Ristnry : What bird is most appropriate for a walking-hat? Astronomy: State the reason for the son's declination to take the hint concerning a moon-light drive? Latin: Translate Fr-emina Mutabile semper. Om· Rats will doubtless congratulate themselves when they read the following,

SELECTIONS. .

·which we clip f!om one of our exchanges: ''At Princeton they have just passed through one of the most severe cases of hazing ever known in the history of the college. The Sophomores have succeeded in abusing about seventy-fl ve Freshmen. Cautiously entering University Hall, the So1jhomores would knock at the room of a Freshman; generally the dvor was opened, and then the Sophomores would walk in and proceed to business. In most cases the Freshmen were compelled to strip themselves and wash thoroughly, and were immediately put to bed. In some cases t_hefurniture of the rooms was wholly or partially de• stroyed. Sometimes they would compel a Freshman to declaim by the . hour while they indulged in great applause. In one case, after having compelled a Freshman to wash eight times and retirn

as often, they then dictated the follO\ving letter to his mother: "'My Dear Mother: I have · just come from chapel, and have now paused a moment in the midst of dice throwing _and cribbage, to inform you that the Sophomores here are the finest men in c"ollege.'

"This kind of sport continued for .scv--_ eral days, growing fiercer all the time, until the faculty began in earnest to suppress the offenders. In spite of all their ill-treatment., the Freshmen absolµtely refuse to give any information concerning the Sophomores, so that it_makes it up,hill business for the faculty. Only _four Sophomores have thus far been sent home, but it is quite probable that several more will have a chance to rusticate. Dr. M:cCosh is determined to pursue his investigations until the class spirit has been thoroughly quelled."

SELECTIONS. Pm BETA KAPPA.-The Phi Beta Kappa is the oldest of College "Greek Letter" Societies, and the Boston Advertiser recently gave a very interesting sketch of it. It was founded in 1776 at William and Mary College, in Virginia. Five years later, in 1781, the activity of the College was suspended by the approach of Cornwallis. Its papers were sealed up, and its members, among whom were some of the most eminent Virginians, were dispe1·sed. After a generation, the charta was discovered, and the original society was renewed at William and Mary. But it declined again, and the records were deposited with the Vir6

ginia Historical Society. They disappeared during the civil war, but have been recently recovered. It was a College Society for debate and composition, and dui-ing its first five years at William and Mary there were fortj-nine members. Elisha Parmelee, a student of Yale and Cambridge, whom pulmonary troubles drove to Virginia; was very kindly received there, and upon his return to New ..England he brought a charta for _the _Society to Yale and Harvard. It is in the New England . colleges that the Society has chiefly flourished, and amid the rapid mul~iplication of similar societies, it still holds

RjCJ1MOND COLLEGE l,JESSENGEJ1. its own as the staid and conservative forerunner of :ill. Its centenary at Harvard in 1881, was noted for the last important, public appearance of Wendell Phillips; it was also the semi-centenary of his graduation, and his oration was one of the most characteristir. and eloquent of his discourses. He was then nearly seventy years old, and the occasion was very memorable. The great Phil Beta days at Harvard are that of sixty-one years ago, when Edward Everett delivered the oration concluding with the famous apostrophe to LaFayette, who was present; that of 1835, when Dr. Holmes read his poem, a metrical essay; that of 1837, when Ralph Waldo Emerson delivered the first of his great college discourses ; that of 1881, when Wendell Phillips was the orator. A. society whose anniversaries are marked by such events, ought to be imperishable. Professor Turner, who fills the chair of Anatomy at Edinburgh University,

has an income of $20,000 a year from his lectures, and his position is thrre considered to be "the most valuable of the kind in the world." Some of his brother professors make from $10,000 to $15,000 a year. His official duties occupy him about an hour a day, for only six months of the year, the other six months being vacation. But Professor Turner has to confine himself to University work, and does not engage in private praotice.-Ex.

only crisp, curly leaves whirling in maddened eddies across that pitcher's box,- in the bleak, penetrating wind.-Puok. The State University of Missouri has 302 students this term. Last year it hncl 348, and the year before, 391. Bowdoin is to have a gymnasium that will be first-class in every respect. It will consist of a base-ball cage sixty by twelve feet, two bowling alleys sixty feet Jong, bath and dress 1·ooms,&c. A suspended track, with thirty-three laps to the mile, will be eleven feet above the floor of the gymnasium. Dr. D. A. Sargent, of '7 4, presents the apparatus with all the latest improvements. Dr. Sargent is the director of athletics at Harvard. The gymnasium will be completed and ready for use by Christmas. ''Sister told me to come and talk to you till she found her hair," said a little six-year-old girl to her big sister's beau. "Do you like to have me talk t~ you? Sister says you sing like a screech owl. Won't you sing for me ? Sister sayswhy, you ain't going, are you? Oh, my! wont sistet· be mad, though."-&. A young man of eight years, who had already five brothers, was told one day that he had a sister. As the news seemed to affect him rather badly, he was finally prevailed upon to tell what the · trouble was. Sobbing, he told his mother that he wanted all brothers, as he was in hopes of having _a base-ball nine.--.&.

Lonesome and sad is the heart of the A Swiss scientist estimates that in small boy, on these chilly days, as he l!J70 there will be 8,600,000,000 people stops to look through the fence enclosing in the world speaking English, 124,000,the desolate base-ball ground and sees , 000 German, and 60,500,000 Frwcb.

SELECTIONS. These calculations are made on tl1e hypothesis that in England the population doubles in fifty years; in the United States, Canada and Australia in twentyfive years; in Germany in one hundred and fifty years; and in France, and the countries using the French language, in one hundred and forty years. He does not take into account the suggestion recently advanced by a European student of the movement of nations, that the Chiner,e are about to take possession of the earth.-Ex. CURE FOR LovE.-'· Take 12 oz. of Dislike, 1 lb. of Resolution, 2 gr. of Common Sense, 2 oz. of Experience, a large sprig of Time, and 3 qts. of the Cooling Water of Consideration. Set them over the gentle lire of Love, sweeten it with the sugar of Forgetfulness, skim it with the spoon of Melancholy, put it in the bottle of your heart, cork it with the cork of a clear conscience, let it remain, and you will quickly find ease and be restored to yom· senses. These things <'anbe had of the A pothecary, at the house of Understanding, next door to Reason, on Prudent street, in the village of Contentment. Directions: Take when a spell comes on." -Exchange. The promiscuous seating of students in the College. Church is "hereafter and forever perpetually abolished," and now the Senior gravely marches up the aisle and seats himself in the topmost tier of benches. After the Seniors the Juniors, then the Sophs, followed by the Freshies, and last of all, but not least, the Preps. Where the Seminarians will ensconce themselves in the future, is yet a

living and tmsoh·ed prnhlem.-Pa.

Ool.

Jfonthly.

Customer: "How much are these eggs a dozen?" "Dwenty-fi ve cents," replied the German grocer. "Why, how's that? Jones sells them at twenty cents." "Uncl vy don't . you buy ov Jones, den?" "Because he hasn't any this morning." '' Vell, I will sell dem fin· dwenty, too, ven I don't got any."-Ex.

R ,1scal! That word on the lips of a woman, addressed to a darling man, often means Angel. · Student (translating): '' And-er, thener, he-er, went-er, und-er." Professor : "Don't laugh, gentlemen ; to err is human." Soph. : " The Professor's bald head makes me think of heaven." Fresh : " \Vhy, how's that? " Soph : " Ifs because there is no dying or parting there." Ex. Instructor in Rhetoric: "Give an example of a syllogism." Logical freshman : " All men are more or less alike ; I am a man ; therefore, I am more or less alike."-Yale RCl'.otd. A fashionable item says : "Red kids are now fashionable." That is not an original idea. It is an aboriginal notion. Red kiJs have long been fashionable among the lrniians.-E:i;.

It is said that in England, every 5000th man takes a university course; iu Scotiaud, every 615th; in Germany, every 213th; and in the U uited States, every 2,000th.

RICHMOND · COLLEGE MESSENGER.

· Presidents Barnard, of Columbia, and McCosh, of Princeton, and Prof. Wilson, of Cornell, are the only three men in the United States who have received the three i::legrees of Doctor: D. D., LL.D., and Ph.D.

some mustard seed on his upper lip, and remains absolutely still until the seed germinates, which it usually does in about three days. S.ome of our students might get a moustache in this way.-Ex. The Uuivernity of Penusylrnnia has made gymnastic exercise obligatory. The gymnasium has recently been refitted at an expense of $2,500. The Harvard system of gymnastics has bern adopted.

Canon Farrar, in a lecture delivere<l at Johns Hopkins University, put himself in line with those who protest against making the siudy of ancient languages the chief business of college life.-Ex.

Ex.

Among the extraordinary vows taken by Hindoos is this : The devotee lies on his back, places a handful of earth and

Five thousand molecules can sit comfortably on the point of a pin. Herein the molecule differs from man.

CAM -PBE.LLA & co A.R.TISTIO PHOTOGRAPH :i2:i E. BROAD

ST.,

' ERB,

- - RICDlUOND,

None but First-Class work allowed to leave this establishment. in Oil, Pastel, Crayon, and Water Colors.

VA..

Portraits finely finished

LINDSEY W. . ALLEN, "W"ITH

E. B. SPENCE & SON, Merchant Tailors andClothiers, AND DEALERS IN

901 MAINSTREET,RICHMOND, VA.

F. D. J-0:E-INSON WHOLESALE

& SON,

AND RETAIL

JBWB~BB~!J No, 802 MAINSTREET,· LYNCHBURG, VA. Orders promptly filled for all kinds of goods in our line. All kinds of Diamond and Jewelry Work made to order. ·watches and Jewelry Repaired in best manner. One of the finest expert Designers and Engravers in this country on Monograms. Fancy and Plain Work. Coins tor Bangles done in fine style. Write for our new Illustrated Catalogue and Price-List. Medals and Badges made to order.

C/OIAIL!. ~~ c

CIOIAILl.-

R U M P tc W ES T,

1719 E. CARV

S'I'REET,

RICH;llOND,

VA,

THOS. J. STARKE & SONS, ~ lt~ti@DlQ)lrll)

B@QJki@>))Q)lrl

PIANOSANO ORGANS, 909 E .M.Jll.N' STREET,

- - RICH.MO.ND,

C. LUMSDEN l"Wo.S23

1'Iain

VA.

& SON,

St.,

Rich1nond,

Ta.

Fine Watches,Jewelry and Silverware,Holidayand Wedding Presents,Plain GoldRings,&c. Call andsee ourNewInitialRingandTen-DollarSilver Watch.

:EI . . :J?.A..G-E,

•

WHOLESALE

AND RETAIL

DEALER IN COAL AND \VOOV, y

d { Nineteenth and Cary Streets, ar s: Broad St., above Elba Depot,

POTTS,

R' h d' Va. ICmon

STOKES & COMPANY, Successors

to A.. Y. STOKES

&- 0.,

Importers, Wholesale Grocers and Commission Merchants, ESTABLISHED 1853.

RIO

HMO

N }.) , VA.

BROAD-STREET CLOTHING .HALL.

A. GREENTREE,

DEALER IN

·~

O Jt~tldlJ~ll31dlQ)<DJll@tlliDl~~ ~

5: . ~ ~

GENTS'

FUR.NISHING

:S::~TS.,

Go9ns,

C~FS.,

. .,

~ No.8Z9BroadSt.,bet.8th & 9th,Richmond, Va.

---

JQ OOQ ~~[1.0@7f? D ~lalO@~rrunooQ

~Special Inducementsto Stude~ts _. __

I. W~ LATIMER,Drogglstt, TOILET Prescriptions

ARTICLES,

CIGARS

A.ND

carefully compounded at all hours, day or night. Telegraph mail or telegraph, promptly executed.

800 W. MARSHA.LL TELEPHONE

STREET,

TOBACCO.

orders,

and C. 0. D. orders

RICHMOND,

No., 07.

VA.

D.J,BURR,

E. C. MA.YO.

H .. T. 921 EAST

CARDOZO

:l'UAIN STREET,

CO.,

RICHMOND,

VA.,

SoleAgentsforDu11la.p's Celebrated NewYorkHats. Aleo a full line of other style Hats at all prices.

•~ llllBJlimv , (Fol"n:tcl"ly

No.

307

~vitb

Umbrellas, Canes, &c., in great variety.

<eK,Blll1r-11JJ11 Hccltle.-,)

Seventh

Street.

I respectfnlly solicit the patronage of Richmond College Students, and guarantee satisfaction.

B, & CHAS. L. DENTISTS,

DRS -. GEO.

723 .M.11.I.N'STREET,

RICH.J10.N'D,

STEEL, V.11..

JOHN H. TYLER & CO., IIJJ iama11,1fl!s;, W a·tohe~ i J ·e welll--y!J ~ -m!t Badge Pins and Society :Medals a Specialty.

1003

Watch Repairing done in the Best Manner.

Street, Richmo11d, A. GRIGG,

Nlain J.

Va.

[PAOE BLOC'[(,] CORNER ~IAIN AND 8TH STS.

BOOTI,SB0Eif TRIJJNKI, SAT0IIELI~ &oe ALL JAMES

THE

~E\V

STVLES

FOR

YOU:'\'G GE:'\'TS.

AUGUSTINE.

R . E. GLOVER .

AUG 1U§TI N Im VTHOLESALE

<Gt ILO)V]]Jm

GROCERS,

1202

Cary

Street.,

CHAS. R. WINSTON, Salesman.

SOHA

RICHMOND,

BAZAAR,

AP'S 6I7

Brood

VA.

Street,

, ·a.

llidnnond,

DepotforSPORTING GOODS, .MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS And GENTS' FURNISHINGS.

Agency Joi- COLUMBIA, STAR, and VICTOR BICYCLES.

~®®t.

Manufactured fromFine DoubleOldTobacco. LABORATORY

STATE ASSAYER

and CHEMIST,

606 East Grace Street, RICHMOND,

VA., May 9th, 1885.

I have examined the tobacco and paper used by Messrs. PA CE & SIZER, of this city, in manufacturing "The Favorite Cigarettes," and find these materials to be of unexceptionable quality aud free from hurtful or ol,jectionable impurities or additions. The cigarettes examined were purcha sed by me from retail dealers.

Wu. H.

M. D., State Chemist.

TAYLOR,

CONSTABLE

IJROS

No. 4,lD E. Broad Street,

SHIRT Dealers

(/] ~

in.

N_ Successor 020

MAXERSj Gents~

Furnish.in.gs_

F_ COFER., J COFER,

to Jl,fOUNTCASTLE E. Bl'oad

St1·eet,

Richmond,

Va.

f!"

Stoves, Tinware &Honse-Fnrnishin[ Go~ds, Refri[erators &Water Coolers. ~

H i

J0~1'r

lv.J:O:H.TC>N,

FILIOIBl:CISITI, CORN EB JlfAIN AND RESERVOIR CUT

STREETS.

A SP•~( -IALT~·.

FLOWERS

Green-house and B edding Plants . Bask et and Ornamental All orders promptly at.tend ed to. TELEPHONE 303.

STOKES

Designs

fill ed at short

notice at low rates.

& DUNN,

MERCHANT

TAILOR§,

211 E. BROAD

- RICHMOND,

Fine

STREET,

W'ork

at Low

VA.

Prices.

RICHMOND STRAIGHT-CU No. l CIGARE'l''l'ES.

CIGARETTE SMOKERS who are willing to pay a little more for Cigarettes than the price charged for the ordinary trade Cigarettes, will find the

RICHMOND STRAIGHT-CUT No 1 superior to all others. They are made from the brightest, most delicately flavored and highest cost gold leaf grown in Virginia, and are absol11telywithout adulteration or drugs. We use the GENUINE FRENCH RICE PAPER of our own direct importation, which is made especially for us, water-marked with the name of the brand-RICHMOND STRAIGHT-CUT No. l-011 ead1 Cigarette, without which none are genuine. Base imitations of this brand have been put on sale, arnl Cigarette Smokers are cautioned that tl,is is the OLD and ORIGINAL brand, and to observe that each package or box of RICHMOND STRAIGHT-CUT CIGARETTES bears the signature of

~LLEl\I ~ ~INTE~ ~annf'r~, F1ichmond, Va, Also Manufacturers of the "RICHMOND GEM," "OPERA PUFFS," arnt "LITTLE BEAUTIES" CIGARETTES and RICHMOND GEM CURLY CUT, OLD RIP LONG CUT, and RICHMOND STRAIGHT-CUT BRANDS OF SMOKING TOBACCOS.