Issuu

Vol. VII.

RICHMOND, VA., FEBRUARY, 1882.

No. 5.

EDITORS:-Mu Sigma Rho, G. C. BUNDICK, G. C. ABBITT; Philologian, LAKE, G. W, HURT, BOARD OF MAN AGERS :-Philolo g ian, W. V. MCFEE, ROBERT HUBBARD, J. L, KING; Mu Sigma Rho, 0, L. STEARNS, WARREN TALLEY, W. C, BARKER,

J. L.

THE

RIVER

OF TIME. ii

•

Oh I a wonderful stream is the river of Time, As it runs through the realms of tears, With a faultless rhythm and a musical rhyme, And a broad'ning sweep, and a surge sublim·e, That blends with the ocean of years.

)

' ,

How the winters are drifting, like flakes of snow, And the summers like buds between, And the year is the sheaf,-so they come and they go, · On the river's breast, with -its ebb and flow, · · A~ it glides through the shadow and sheen, _ There is ; musical' isle on the river of Time Where the softest of airs are playing; There's a cloudless sky and tropical clime, And a song as sweet as vesper chime, When the Junes with the roses are staying. And the name of this isle is the ,Long Ago, And we bury -our treasures there ; ' There are brows of beauty and bosoms of snowThere are heaps of dust, but we love them so·! There are trinkets and tresses of hair. There are fragments of songs that nobody sings, And a part of ai:i infant's pr ayer; There is a lute uns.wepe, and a harp without strings; There are broken vows and pieces of rings, And the garment that SHE used to wear. There are hands that are waved when the fairy shore By the mirage is lifted in air; • , And we sometimes hear, through the turbulent roar, Sweet voices we heard in days gone before, When the wind down the river is fair. Oh! remembered for aye be that blessed isle, . All the days of our life till night. . When the evening comes with its beautiful smile, And our eyes are closed to slumber awhile, l'farour "greenwood 1' of soul be in sight.

-Selected.

Richmond College Messenger .

"JUSTICE"

REVIEWED.

H.aving carefully read "Justice's, ·, article on "Calico Defended," or, rat her, his illogical, not to say unchivalric,' flings at myself in 'the ,December No . .of the Messenger, justice to myself and the cause•which · I represent, compels me to reply. ·" Justice '' •'insinuates ·very strongly that ·because ~ was laborillg from "unreq uited love," I was not able, without prejudice, to write ,about that "most lovely:of all ·articles calico." In reply to this I answer that time, which sets all thipgs even, whfoh •$Oftens,soothes, and heals every crushed and bleeding heart, has made me better qualified than "Justice" to write on this subject/ to •which' allitnen 1should .come with unbiassed minds. For the benefit of "Justice," I Jwill 'say that it has been eighteen months since• I had a love attack, and whether or not that was " unrequited " I will leave my readers to ' surmise. "Justice" admits that at the time ,my article ,,appeared he was laboring from "unrequited love" ; he admits that, because ~e then thought as I did, it was due to prejudice. But I am inclined to believe that "Justice's" sudden C!: •hange of. views ,is 1due more t0 l\is immoderate propensity for ''calico,'' ,the fickleness and instability of his mind, than to the removal of pr,ejudice. He accuses " Monitor " as wtitiµg like one who'had taken the calicoticket from Prep. to Senior, and because he . h'ad , failed, he would advise other$ to let it alone. Admitting, for the sake of argument, that I had taken the "calico -ticket" "from Prep. to Senior," what objection was there in my giving the benefits of 'th'at experience to those who were less experienced than myself? Since I was acquainted .with it in all of its forms, it would certainly have been no more than a philanthn,pic deed had I done it, and ungenerous not to have done it. "Justice," by the manner in which he replied to my saying, that "it would be safest if upon every package was written 'handle with care,'" seems to have utterly failed to comprehend my meaning. When I wrote "handle with care,'' I did not 'think of being misunderstood; but, alas! for human fallacy, I find I have been misunderstood in a way in which I never dreamed, and by one who was the last person in the universe that I would have suspected of construing it in the way he did. To handle "calico" roughly is a relic ·of the dark ages of barbarism. This is that which to-day, and during the centuries of the past, has exerted such a· baneful influence upon Eastern countries, and no one ought to be surprised if I was even pained wh~n I fc;>unq

"Justice" Reviewed. out <that, amid the splendors and 1civilization of the 19th• century, , in a Southern college, in the land which has alw1a:}'S.been, the ,birthplace and nurseliy of chivalry and the preserver of •woman's ,honor, such, a construction had been pl!lt upon it. The ,intimation of "Justice" that I was the person who reswi:tedto cod-liver oil.and whiskey to ,recuperate , and ,strengthen my .eKhaasted · energies, is almost equivalent to a declaration ofithe same. There is more than one reason why I was not the one to whom allusion ·was made. · I am opposed to whiskey on grounds of principle. I believe that j n the ,·majority of cases . where whiskey is used as,a medicine it · has l'lO medicinal proper.ties whatever, and1 tends more to aggra¥ate l than to assist the disease in ,which it is used. I know,a mantin love •is almost destitute of common sense, and that England's immortal bard > and ,philosoph.er aptly wrote, ,

"The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, Are of imagination all compact."

Yet, I ,am loath to think thllt "Mon itor" would ,Jnav:eever so fa11, lost sight of the fact that nature, :in all those diseases,of the heart caused by the da]!ts of Cupid, was. her own best healer . And for an• o~ber: reason, which will app.ear ,further on, "Justice" knewilthat "Mo .nitor" was not ,the man who used cod-liver oil and ,whiskey.· '' 1ustice '' says '' the expeiience of many prove the benefits of .visiting the girls." If he had said the experience of a few college ,stadents testifr ,as to its conserative influence, but the' experience of1the many , testifies to the injurious effects it has had up01i1them, he would lnot have fell so far short of the facts of the case. "Justice," in his reply to me, "Winy not go to ,see the girls without falling in love,'' asks, '' Has ,not the diligent studentsome ,time which he , can,spare from)lis studies '' ? and adds, '' If he has not, then we must in. 1 fer that 'Monitor' is 1,10.t a diligent student, or he would have spent ,. the 1time occupied in writing that absurd article on ' calico ' in studying thei languages.," In reply to the last, I would say that in aMprob- , ability had it not been , at ,the ,earnest request of a student who had / felt, the ev~l effects, of ta~ing "calico" too heavily, and •who, uDless I have been wrongly informed, ,was none other than "Justice" himself,, I would neveli have written it. The material for the article on ",calico" was collected as a kind of recreation duri ng my summer vacation, and the greater pai:t of it -written before my return to college. Besides, men whose ,opinions ;l value jus.t as highly as I d0 "Justice's," think differ. ently, and tthat he }Vould do .well to follow the greater, part of the ad-

Richmond College Messenger.

vice which I gave. Of course every student has some time to spare from his studies, but all the time which the diligent student has to spare, it pays him best to spend in physical rather than mental recreation. Visiting the girls is no doubt a good mental recreation, but a corresponding poor physical one. Even if visiting the girls was all the exercise which the student needed, everybody knowsÂˇ that it ,would take a great deal longer to take that exercise in visiting than it would by engaging in some college game, or by a walk down town or into the country. "Justice" says, "visit the girls occasionally, not more than three or four times a week." I say, without fear of successful contradiction, that there is not a single diligent student in this institution who can afford to lose three or four evenings a week in visiting the girls. "Justice'' is either very forgetful or is ignorant of the laws of logic, or perhaps both, when writing on this subject. He agrees in the first part of his article with a statement of mine, and on th~ next page endeavors t6 disprove it. He says, as " Monitor" says, "The desire to visit grows upon you,' .' and "so it lessens as your visit~ are made fewer, until you have no desire" r and on the ne~t page iii reply to the same quotation from "Monitor," he says: "This may have been the effect it had on 'Monitor,' but we are not similarly constituted." No man who has been properly trained, who in his. childhood had instilled within him a proper regard for woman, will . ever become absolutely indifferent to the society of woman. That he is _unlike other men, I do not believe. That he is less susceptible to the charms of the fair 1 sex than other men, and that he is invulnerable to the darts of Cupid, I know to be false. , "Justice " wants to know why our ministerials are more addicted to the immoderate use of "calico" than other students. That is a question I did not bargain to answer. Âˇ I simply stated a fact, without pretending to give the philosophy of that fact. He asks if it is because they are more attractive and h~ndsomer tha:n the other students. If I felt inclined to answer this last question, charity and the fear of jarring the sensitive nerves of" Justice" would deter me. He says that they are not more liable to be affected by sore eyes, matrimonial bronchitis, consumption, and other kindred diseases to which the flesh is heir, than other students. This I deny in toto, and if "Justice" had reflected for a moment Âˇhe would never have made the assertion. "Justice,'' it seems, simply foi: the sake of having something to write about, accuses me of calling poets lazy, and that they would not work under any circumstances; a t,~jng which I neither said nor inti-

"Justice"" Reviewed.

mated. I said there were some classes of students to whom it would be beneficial even to fall ' in love-lazy ones and poets. By the Ian- · guage here used, everybody knows that "poets!' is not in apposition with "lazy ones," but that reference is made to ~wodifferent classes. There is one point, that the advocates of visiting the girls try to · establish, which, while I shall not deny its trut.hfulness, yet I think I can show that the advocates of "calico" utterly refute it by their conduct. They claim that the ennobling, softening, and refining influence which the society of woman exerts over all those brought in contact with her, is a reason why college stuµents should visit the girls, before which all others should give way. I have noticed that those students who most frequently visit the girls are l)Ot more i::ourteous, and are more addicted to the use of slang, than any other class of students we have. That "Justice" himself, a member of the Senior English class, is very much addicted to the use of slang ,can be easily seen by examining his articie on " Calic;o Defended." He speaks of "the mashing qualifications of the students," "the reasons 'why 'Monitor' received the grand bounce," and why "the old gentleman gave him his walking papers." This, it seems to me, i:, about the only evidence which "Justice" has furnished of' the elevating influence of "calico" .,upon him. That "Justice" and those who adv~cate his cause are uncourteous, I can prove by quoting from them. '' Justice'" says: l " We ought to learn all we can about society and refinement, about which we learn so little : when brought in •contact only with men, especially with such men as 'Monitor,' who care little for refinement." In the Editorial Department of the same No. of the Messenger in which "Justice's" article appeared, one of the editors . quoted a sentence from Goethe, saying that ." the society ·of woman is the element of good manners," and then added: "Why blame a fellow for loving 'calico,' then, thou uncivilized 'Monitor' " ? The authority of Goethe is not infallible upon any subject; and certainly does not approach near to infallibility on the subject in hand, and consequently not proof positive of its truthfufoess. The aforesaid editor represented m~ as doing that which I have never done. And, moreover, .I wouid like to ask him of what does civiiization consist? If it consists in being allowed to hurl epithets at every one wno happens to have an opinion different from your own, then "Monitor" does not aspire to civilization ; and the above-mentioned editor seems to have made rapid strides in that direction, judging from the length of the epithets he h11rlsat " Monitor." But if courtesy, reasori, and

logic are 1characteristics of civilizatiop, as I ,hav.e alwa:rs beep taught, then, Mr. Editor, you can lay no greater claim,to it t~n myself. Colleges, as I said in my former article, were institutep for educational purposes. Educati,on is a drawing out, a developmenJ, an expansion of all the ,powers of the mind. This is the primary signification of the word. I do not and never have beJieyed that coll~gl':.$ were intended to polish men, in the sense th!1,,~ soc;ietycop_sidersthem polished. They are intended to .knock . off. the rust; to,pare down all deformities and irregularities,. and thus ,make . the subj_~ctprepared to 1 receive the polish which contact with society alone can , give. The short period allotted to a college course in this, country , renders it absolutely impossible for the colleges to turn out from their wallswell. developed and well-polished men. They can at ithe ,be11t01dy get,at college the ideas, the science, and philosophy of a few facts in a Cl'\lde form, and store them away for future use. But that SUfha result i.s impossible, if a man occasionally visits the ,girls, .I never intend~d to insinuate. I consider the girls worthy of somet hoµght, yea, of much thought at the proper time. I think ·I clf;ai;ly dell\onstrated in my former paper that the danger was that she would usurp ,thi ,positiop whi~h it is proper for her to occupy in the student's tho.ught&,and , tyrannically ~d tenaciously h9ld mll,ch of that ,which properly belpng11 1 to the sciences and languages. I know that visiting ,the girls is very pleasap,t, a pleasure which ·mqstof us would lik;e oftener to enjoy. • But the ~otto of the, succ~fq\ 1 college student must be, "duty before pleasure." The stu9ent who consults his own ease and pleasure will, on examination-day, reap 1th~ bitter fruit. We ,must fof~go everything which hin<;J.ersus in ..c;>~ studies. Let us stand with ears atte,ntive, to th, stern voic.e of duty:; however much it tp.ay grate upon them. It is possible for " Justice " to take the calico-ticket withQut being injured tmereby; yet his friends think it is not exp~c;lient. There are many things, as "Justice" has in the past found to hi, own sorrow, and unless he is more cautious will ere long find again, th~t are within themselves good, but injurious for us to have. There is a tjme .for all things. During the college session is no time for the students to take " calico." Fear of being misu,nderstood, of having my motives impugl)ed, and my real sentiments towards the fair sex miscpnstrued, ~auses me, in conclusion, to say, that however "uncivilized" I may be; however "little I may care for refineQ1ent," however little "I may p,e able of ap"' predating that which is the fairest and loveliest of all God's creation,"

·yet no man has a higher regard for woman, no one is more fully 1aware of and understands the potent influence she is capable of exerting • 1and does exert for good, than myself, and that' if the gift of words were 'mine, like that which the Roman orator possessed when his •persuasive eloquerite in behalf of h'is friends, and his fiery logic and burning invectives, hurled against Cataline 'and Verres, moved the hearts and ,swayed~the minds of the Roman seriate; Had I the elo'quence and :that power by means of which Demosthenes was accustomed to ~way the 'Ath'enian popu'lace like a bough tossed to and fro by adverse winds; 1and I did rthe poetic fire ·burn ' within me likeJ that whith con• sun'l'ed the 1blind bard when he invbk'ed the heavenly muse' to enable him to sing 1

"Of m'an 's first drnobedi'ence, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our wpe,"

gladly wb\ild I go forth into rhet&ic's brdad fields "and gather bouquets of choicest rhetoric, ah1clwith rhetoric and poetrf 1ehtwined and garlanded 'in one wreath, I would lay it' a:t her feet, an offering all · too small. ' MONITOR.

POET.RY, AND THE CONDITIONS OF ITS EXISTENCE. In the system of nature there is a principle, indeed but dimly seen on the surface, but, as we get deeper and nearer the source of things, it unfolds itself with more and more apparency, until we are forced to •recognize in it the fundamental principle of all things. This principle is dualism. On it, as a corner-stone, are reared the microcosm and the aye-enduring structure of the macrocosm. In the light of this principle alone can the scroll of the universe, visible and invisible, be read, and all things brought into ' consistency. It is by the operaHon of this principle, the contact of opposites, that form, beauty, life, is evolved. Such is the origin of the spirit of poetry. It is the union, in effect, of the two great principles, nature and humanity. rrom the contact of the natural with the ideal, springs poetry, realizing and manifesting the divinity of her birth. Partaking in her nature of both the ideal and the natural, she forms a connecting link between the human 1md th~ divine i · and 1 waft~d <;>n her spirit-win~s, we may soar beyond

Richmond CollegeMessenger.

the threshhold of the m·ysterious presence, and catch something of the spirit and tendency of all things. That poetry springs from the action of thes~ two forces, nature and humanity; or, in other words, that poetry is, the essence of na,ture, her very soul, clothed in the warm texture of humanity, It is not my intention to show here at any length. The fact is self-evident, l!,rid I will simply cite sev·eral manifestations of it. _ The faculties of mind which poetry calls into play are essentially intuitive. Thus, we see, po~try appears more to the imagination than to the reason. It is an in· ternal excitement produced by external impression. In this limitation poetry alone consists. When it has passed beyond these bounds, it has become metamorphosed, and has entered upon a new .phase of existence. It is no longer poetry; it is philosophy. The best._illustration of this dual nature of poetry i_sto be found in the poetic myths of the legendary past. We see there the true spirit of poetry in its infancy, as yet Rure and undefiled ; and there we must look for a revelation of the laws of its being. Do we not there see nature in all of its forms and energies, the beautiful in contrast with the.:subl\me, the gentle and the lovely mingling in light and shade with .the a~ful? Such indeed is the picture presented to us, and in this· phase ·we recognize· the natural. Yet, is it "nature pictured too severely true," .or is it nature as seen in its influence on mind? Here in t~is other phase, we first trace life. T he mass, before dead, has become imbued with a spirit, thinking, feeling, assimilating to its own .modes of thought so that the warm pulse-beat may be felt throughout the remotest tis: sues of its being, and with wonder and amazement we behold rising up before us a spirit akin to our own, and manifesting itself in the human. This is poetry in its beginning and its end. It is a real embodiment of spontaneity, and as soon as the reflective· faculties begin to arouse and exert themselves in analyzing and deducing, divine poetry wings her heavenly way, and philosophy, her human offspring, is left to occupy her place. Though she is clothed in human form, she is not human: her soul is immortal, because born of elements in themselves eternal; and it is this divinity of her nature that makes her existence eternal and absolute. Philosophy may fade away in system after system, but poetry, never. • Thus we see that poetry is essentially natural as opposed to artL ficial. She is not fqrmed by the un derstanding, but has a life as truly real a~ our own. She also has a grand purpose to execute. She has already don~ inu·ch 1 and she will do ,,much mor~ wheJ;J. menshall Pll:V~ .

•

Poetry, and the Conditions of its Existence.

come to see the relation which she sustains to philosophy, and endeavor to harmonize rather than to divorce the two. Then shall there be progress, and a progress not founded on illusion, but based on solid reality. We have considered poetry in the abstract ; we have attempted to analyze it, and trace it 1to its source, in order to discover in what it consists and its true nature, arid we shall now discuss the conditions most favorable to its existence. By the term most favorable condi- , tions we do not mean ideal conditions, but the conditions that are actually the most propitious under the existing system of things, and strange and paradoxical as it may appear, we do not hesitate to assert our belief that the condition most auspicious to a poetic development is one of comparative ignorance, both as regards individuals and nations ; and our conclusion in this matter is founded on deductions drawn from the nature of the subject and of the human mind. As we have seen, poetry is the result of an external effect, Âˇproduced by the operation of the natural on the human. It is therefore an influence, and the source of this influence is in nature. Influence is founded on sympathy. There must be a basis of that interchange, from which springs life. Our souls must harmonize with nature, and the cords which bind our union must be so vital that we can feel the pulsations of the great heart of nature : ,and her life must be our life and our thoughts the thoughts embodied in her. Under the influence of such conditions alone, can we cast aside, as it were, the trammels of material existence and softly glide into 'the mystic, there to commune with pure ideas, spiritualized from the dross of matter, whose gentle influences allure us with music that can only find an echo in the chambers of the soul; and our souls, vivified with harmony, can but catch up the sweet refrain, and the tuneful lyre of rythm charms the hearts of men. Or do loftier themes inspire us when a Sinai thunders and the mighty forces of nature are proclaiming the eternal purposes of their being? In the infancy of mankind,-when the mind was as yet a scroll unwritten upon, before the finger of the Eternal had traced through the medium of the natural those characters which now stand out in such bold relief,-the mind, young and fresh, and with a principle of energy implanted within it, began to look around for impressions and ideas: and where could it turn but to nature, the great treasure-chamber wherein are laid up the records of the universe, open to Âˇan who could read them? And what was the result? Did :vot the heavenlywinged spirit of poesy condescend to dwell among _mortal men 1 and

Richmond College Messenger.

charm their rude hearts with her flowing lyre? Nor did rythmic p9etry alone grace the age ; the beautiful and fanciful myths and legends, which Carlisle has happily called the inarticulate poetry of a nation, also adorned it. Shall there ~ver again be an age so rich in the divine afflatus? No. We ask, Why is this? Simply because of the fact, universally patent, that the human intellect, in its development, tends ever more and more to withdraw itself from the natural, which alone is the source of true and vivid poetic impression. It is this intense egoism of the mind which causes it to look in upon itself as a centre, and from that centre diverge all modes of investigation and of reflection. Man indeed observes nature, but not in the broad illumination of her own light. He observes her in the faint and flickering light of his own understandering. Can he ever hope to understand her true character? Bu; we ask, Was not this principle inÂˇ operation in the early and poetic age, and if not, why not? This answer immediately presents itself: In the earlier ages, while yet the race was young, the mind of man was more or less void of impression ; and n.ot having tll'at within him to work upon, his attention was turned outwards toward â€˘~xternal nature ; and the rays of thought converged, as to a centre. And another reason why a high degree of culture (in its most extended sense) proves itself unfavorable to the spirit of poesy is the conflict of reason and imagination. Poetry, as we have seen, by reason of causes innate in its own nature, appeals ~:1.irectlyto the imagination; therefore, whatever conflicts with the imagination is in opposition to the poetic sentiment. Now, this conflict of reason and imagination is seated in the very nature and aim of these two faculties. Imagination has for its object creation, combination-a blending together of parts and effects into that harmonious whole which shall exemplify in itself the perfection that inheres in unity expressed in variety. Reason, on the other hand, sets before itself, as its object, analyzing, separating into parts and classifying. Nor is this conflict a doubtful one. Imagination must give way and reason must triumph. Imagination, being set into play by external impression, is more or les&commensurate with the impression exciting it, and is therefore fixed in its nature. Reason is a power, a force, wholly within, absolute, and independent, having the motive and the end of action within itself: therefore, reason is progressive, and all other powers of mind must bow down btfore it, Âˇ B.

Pause I

PAUSE!

Consider I

CONSIDER!

The students of Richmond College-what are they doing to-night? In fancy I glide from room to room, and look in upon their work, varied as it is. Some, with martial spirits aglow, are reading of the battles of Caesar, or the Anabasis of Cyrus; some are contemplating the beauties of Int. Math.-from a distance. Here, a group are dis. cussing the wonderful laws of physics, or reconciling the ingenious _paradoxes of our learned professor of chemistry. Behold a hapless wight who, having wrestled in vain with Prep. Math., glides gently from its embrace into the "arms of Morpheus," and is now sweetly dreaming of some '' Maiden with the meek, brown eyes."

I must n·ot reveal all I see as I flit from floor to floor, from cottage to cottage, for it is not becoming to "tell tales out of school." But here they are,-following, like Theseus of old, with slender thread, the "Theory of Thought'' through labyrinthian difficulties; reading Virgil's beautiful delineation of the fortunes of Aeneas; engaged in that species of composition dear to every student's heart-a Greek exercise ; or-or-, but, no ! The question I asked in the beginning was, " What are the students of Richmond College doing to night " ? And I used the word "student" in its highest signification, and so I shall leave some rooms unentered. · And now, fellow-students, and especially ye grave and dignified Seniors, let us lay aside our Juvenal, our Thucydides, our Calculus, or Logic, for a few moments. -Let us tear ourselves from the enchanting society of the great men of other days, and look beyond these classic precincts at the influences no·w at work in our country, and the results which are to follow them. I do not bid you to sit idly down and dream. We are no longer school-boys, to spend our time moaning over what has been, or what might have been ; and I hope we are passing the age when superb air-castles are built in rosy dreamland. I speak to men who are soon to pass out from these walls into real life,. and it is to them that I say-Pause! Consider ! I do not refer alone to the comparatively few at Richmond College, but I speak to themas representative young men of the South. I am aware that there are certain people who say that college boys should think of nothing beyond their Latin, Greek, or Mathematics. But away with such narrow-mindedness ! The application of just such views as this has

Richmond College Messenger

brought disrepute upon higher education, and caused the masses to look -with distrust upon young men fresh from colJege. Ah I too soon the voice of necessity will be calling the young men of the South into positions now occupied by· our fathers. The good and great of our loved land are passing away. Those grand spirits from whom we had fondly hoped to gather lessons from the past as guides for the future, have been called up higher. Their clarion voices, which have so long rung out for liberty, whether in the senate or on the battle-field, are now hushed in death. Young men, pause, consider; are ·you prepared to fill these places? To some, these remarks may seem premature; time enough, they say, to think of such things when we have left col- . lege and grown older. But, no ; as Horace beautifully expresses it"Nova pergunt interire luna,"

and the lightsome student of to-day will be the careworn .man of tomorrow. We cannot spring from the class-room into life's battle fullarmed, as did Minerva from the head of Jove, but we need gradual and careful preparation. '·' . Fellow-students, I do not come before you as a mentor, to t~ach you your duty, but simply to say, look around you, and these feeble lines will have performed well their duty if they shall cause you calmly and earnestly to consider the great questions which affect the wekl of our beloved South. I speak not of ,party questions. There are far-seeing politicians who tell us that from the graves of the Democratic and Republican parties will rise new parties organized on different issues."· Whatever these parties may be, whatever the issues that divide them, whatever their following, the South will always be united, because her material interests are the same, and because, descended from common ancestors, they are bound together by ties which are stronger than "hooks of steel." Let "wire-pullers II and political tricksters do their worst to disintegrate the South ; let them pull down and establish parties at their pleasure ; there are principles which rise · in grandeur far abo_ve corrupt politics, surviving the wrecks of factions. And the people who have fought shoulder to sho!,!lderthrough two terrible struggles for liberty, whose ancestors are emblazoned on the roll of "Battle Abbey " and in the annals of French liberty, · will ever remain indissolubly connected. I . • The momentous issues which had so long divided the two sections, drenched the land in bloo.;I. After the North, aided by the scum of Europe, had overrun our land, the foul vulture, " Reconstruction II by name, spread it:i i;able wings like a pall over our stricken South, and

Pause !

Consider.

preyed upon her vitals, while she was bound in helpless shame, as was Prometheus to the rock. Well, seventeen years have· pa~sed since the war closed, and the era of "fraternity" and "reconciiiation " is upon us. Over the murdered form of our late President we have · bowed in common sorrow, while from both sides men are rushing into each other's arms, crying between their embraces that their love surpasses even · that of a woman for her first-born. This is truly affe< ;ting, but I earnestly believe that the men on both sides who did the fiilzting cannot yet impartially view the great points at issue which led to the war, and so it remains with us, young men of the South, when our fathers have passed away, calmly to consider these questions. And so again, I would beg you, Pause ! Consid€r ! for this issue is surely to be met, and there comes in reference to each Southern young man, Bulwer's famous question, "What will he do with it''? Far be it from me to arouse bitter secti<;mal feelings. I think, with pride, that the young men of the South will soon become citizens of a republic which numbers fifty millions of people. I feel proud of a country whose shores are kissed by two oceans, a country which embraces every known climate, and whose commerce is coextensive with the world. Every enterprise of national importance, or which tends to enhance the glory of the United States, is approved and forwarded by the South. And last summer, as the hot, weary days dragged on, thousands of Southern hearts turned, oh l so tenderly, to the languid sufferer at Elberon, and at morning and evening thousands of prayers ascended for his recovery. Yet who was more bitter against the South in his speeches than Garfield? Does this look like the fierce sectionalism with which the South is charged? Yes, we will be citizens of the United States, we will share her glory and advance her prosperity (as did our ancestors), but repudiating the canting sentiment "No North, no South, no East, no West," we will give our first allegiance to the land of our birth. There are those (and their name is legion,) who bid us "let the dead past bury its dead," &c. ; they say that the sworrl has decided forever the questions at issue between the North and the South, and that these principles must be forever abandoned. Young men of the South, Pause ! Consider this I In obeyi~g the dictat es of ,such men, you write your fathers traitors and rebels, and brand with an eternal infamy the names of Lee and Jackson. Can the roar of artillery and the "pomp and (:ircumstance, of glorious war" refute the arguments of JOHN C. CALHOUN, when all the eloquence of Daniel Webster and his followers

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Richmond College Messenger.

was unequal to the task? No; might never did make right, and whatever public opinion may say now, these principles, first held by Patrick Henry and Thomas Jefferson, will have a glorious fruition. "Times change and men change with them; but principles, never." So let us receive these principles as a precious heritage, cherishing them through life and transmitting them to posterity, " For freedom's battle, once begun, Bequeathed from bleeding sire to son, Though baffled oft, is ever won."

· Passing from this question, young men of the South, pause, consider next the negro question. Already for scores of years a mighty factor in American politics, this dark problem is now harder of soldtion than ever before. Shall the race which has written all the glorious pages of history succumb to that which has ever been the synonym of degradation ? Shall a horrible amalgamation reduce us to the drivelling condition of the Central Americans? Sickened with horror at the thought, I turn away and say with reverence, forbid it; ;, Almighty God ! I need .not go 'into the subject ; you well know the liistory of the negro in this country. Innocent and happy in the cotton and to· bacco-fields, he has been transplanted to legislative and senatorial halls, an~ there this tender plant is for sale to the highest bi\ider, and is as eagerll purchased by political botanists as though it were the veri table Rose of Sharon. Directed by infamous demagogues, this race, in their ignorance, with ballots in their hands, now dictate to the cultured and refined people of the South. They have filled all of our offices of trust with utter incompetents, even dragging the judidal ermine, pure and spotless as when Marshall wore it, down into the cess• pools where they wallow. And now they demand mixed schools, so that (as their exponent, Professor (! !) J. E. Jones expresses it) all prefudices and race-distinctions may be obliterated. In fact, recently a lengthy bill was introduced into Congress, the avowed ol;>ject of which was to remove any lingering distinctions which might still exist between the two races. Such is the condition of things at the South,-the Anglo-Saxon compelled to bow to the African, and yet, forsooth, wreathed in smiles, we must "kiss the hand that smites us," or a hue and cry is raised ab>out our " cruelty to the poor, persecuted colored man" ! I have not intended to bring up all the vital questions which stare us in the face, nor attempted to answer those that I have suggested, my only purpose being to urge upon WYcollege-mates to be mind_ful of

•

Success in Life.

the responsibilities which are so soon to rest upon them. Looking abroad over our _land from a political stand-point, the prospect, indeed, seems dark. l do not write, actuated by narrow party rancor, but refer to all politics and all parties. Time was when our political arena was adorned by purest men, when disinterested patriotism alone · impelled men to run for office. 0 tempora, 0 mores! where now is this lofty patriotism ? Sound thi~ question in thunder-tones through the length and breadth of our country, and the mocking echo ailswers, Where? Finding no habitation here, this virtue has winged its flight to join the immortal spirits of Washington, Jefferson, Adams, and ;, their illustrious successors. Since patriotism has gone, ask what now holds its place Quickly the answer com.es, borne on the air reeking from the foul dens of political trickery, Money. Enough, young men; you are to be the politicians of to-morrow. Pause I Consider I Let us enter the conflict full-arm€d, with our visors down. In the old days of 1.chivalry many a good knight received a mortal blow because of some neglected crevice in his suit of mail. Fellow-students, we are now in a grand _armory, and it is for us to choose our armor and our weapons for life's fray. Choose with care as best befits you. A few can wield the mighty battle-axe of eloquence, and thus strike terror into the ranks of the foe, as did Richard the Lion-Hearted, while numbers can do equal execution with the simple sword of truth. I have said the prospect was dark; but all is not dark. Entering the _conflict thus armed, and with a calm reliance upon Him who stands immutable amid the crash of empires and the wrecks of time, all will yet be well. Catching the prophetic inspiration of Scott's inimitable Meg Merrilies, I believe there is '' a gude time corning,'' and right will conquer and injustice be overthrownI

"When Bertram's right and Bertram's might Shall meet on Ellengowan's height." OAKLEY.

. --

SUCCESS IN LIFE . What is success in life? When may a man's life be said to be a success? The answer to such questions as these depends upon the stand-point from which we view them. ·In the common acceptation of the term, success may be considered as the accomplishment of designs, the carrying-out of undertakings , the apparent attainment of ideals. Such is the definition of success1 as accepted by the mtiltitude; but

Richmond College Messenger.

success, to the mind of every noble man and true philanthropist, has a much fuller and higher import than the _mere attainment of some aim. To him, no man's life is a success who has lived and died and left no' rough path of his fellow-man, nothing to cheer thing to smooth the him on in his efforts through life, from whose life the world has received no benefit-is no better off for his having lived in it, who has passed away "unhonored and unsung." Every man has a part to act in the great drama of life which must be performed by himself, and which, if he neglects, is left undone. The life of every man who does not perform the part assigned him is a failure. But there have lived men who seemed to accomplish everything which they would undertake, who have received the applause of their fellow-men, whose names have been handed down as by-words from generation to generation, whose production$ have been treasured as master-pieces of the pursuits which they followed, and yet the world has not been made better-nay, I might say, it has been made even worse-by their having lived in it. Such men have perverted the noblest gift of God to his creatures, which, had they used aright, would have been pro'ductive of rich blessings to their race. Does any one suppose that marlkind, today, is any better off because such men as ,Voltaire, Hume, and a host of others like them, have lived ?-men who have exerted a most pernicious influence on their succeeding generations, who have placed instruments in the hands of their fellow-men by ~hich untold evils have been perpetrated, whose labors have given rise to false systems, skepticism, and infidelity, and against whose infltience we of to-day have to contend with all our might. Âˇ But what is the so-called secret of success ? That power by which some men seem to rise to eminence and greatness irrespective of their own exertions? In the first place, there must be 'some adaptability for those things which a man undertakes, to insure success. Not that a man should possess great genius, for the majority of men who have attained to a great degree of eminence have not been men of geni~s. As Wirt has beautifully expressed it, "Genius, unexerted, is like the poor moth that flutters around a candle till it scorches itself to death. If genius be desirable at all, it is only oGJ:hat great and magnanimous kind which, like the condor of South America, pitches from the mountain summit, above the clouds, and sustains itself in that empyreal region, with an energy rather invigorated than weakened by the effort.'' While, however, there should be some adaptability, either natural or acquired, we shmdd not sit in idleness trying to convince ourselve!I

Success in Life.

that we have a natural inaptitude for every sphere in life, but rather should we strive to create within ourselves an aptitude. Many a man has cheated himself out of a useful and happy life by â‚Źntertaining and fostering the feeling that he possessed no talents, no abilities. Let every one d'o his best, and success will come sooner or later. Demosthenes was not born an orator; but, by his own indefatigable exertions, he became the cap-stone of the great pyramid of orators. Again: the imagination of a man determines, in no small degree, the success of his life. The imagination of a man is but the reflex of his life. He who allows his imagination to be qmtinually occupied with base and low things of this life, who does not allow it to reach out after those higher and _nobler principles in nature, can never become a moral being, and surely there is no one who will deny that morality is an essential to success. Every man who starts out in life has, or should have, his ideal of perfection in that particular pursuit" which he may follow, and this standard is but an assurance of what he can achieve in future. According as his ideal is high or low, so will be his success. If our ideals are consistent with the laws of our moral and human existence they are ennobling and elevating, and such ideals cannot well be too' high, nor too earnestly Âˇstriven after. Success should know no limits, no bounds; so, if we would attain to any degree of success, our ideals should be beyond our reach, should flee before us like a shadow. It is said that when Britton's sightless bard had completed that greatest of epics which adorns our langu::ge, he reviewed it with a feeling of disappointment, because it had fallen so far shprt of what he had intended that it should be. Show me the man who has reached his ideal, and I will show you one who has .never accomplished much. Thirdly, and most important of all, an untiring industry may be said to be the key which unlocks every portal to success. There is no truer saying than "Every individual is the architect of his own fortune." To gain success, we should ever be on the alert to seize opportunities which may serve as a stepping-stone to success. We should not be discouraged by every breath of adversity, but rather excited to more vigorous action ; like Bruce, when he saw the spider, after several succe&sivefailures, succeed, take heart, be encouraged to stouter exertions. We have only to look around, and we find among men enjoying the same privileges of education, some possessing fine abilities, perhaps genius, making no progress during their students' life, and in after years sink into obscurity; while, on the other hand, others, of inferior intellects, making slow but sure step:, up the _hill of I

Richmond CollegeMessenger.

life, rising higher and higher in the scale of success, destined at last to be a blessing to their generation and ornaments to soc:iety. If, my friends, we would ever accomplish anything in life, ever shine even as lesser lights in that galaxy of noble luminaries which h,is adorned our world, it must be by our own individual efforts; for success comes not unsought, but is accessible only to him who would strive to obtain it. It is this untiring industry, this persistent effort, which will enable us "To pluck hright honor from the ;pear-proofed crest of rugged danger," and enroll our names among the great of the earth. S.

DEVELOPMENT. As so much has been written of late on mental development, I shall pass that head unnoticed, and will suggest a few thou&hts in regard to the development of man's physical and moral powers. Because the in. tellect ' is superior to the body, we are inclined to trea,t the ~ducation of the latter as a matter of little or no importanc~. We f6rget the dependence which exists between our several faculties. There is no truer adage than that of the ancients, mens sana in sano corpore. That the mind may perform a maximum amount of labor, the body must be in a healthful condition. It is a matter to be regretted that so many of u~, during our college-life, lose sight of this important fact. There is a class of students who leave off physical exercise when they are pressed by their studies. When the time of their examinations draws near, instead of spending their afternoons in out-door exercise, instead of taking recreation which is so necessary, we find them in their rooms poring over text-books, and thus injuring themselves not only physically, but also mentally. They sit up till after midnight, and when the examination-day comes, and they enter the lecture-room, the mind, alas! as well as the body, entirely worn out, ceases to act. Everything seems a blank, they throw aside the pen in disgust, and yield up all hopes of graduation. We find tl;tat there is another class of students who take more studies than it is possible for them to carry; but who flatter themselves that by taking no exercise for the body, and by spending every moment of their time over their books, they can be successful. How vain the delusion ! How foolish the hope ! How unwise the course ! Experience teaches that in a given time we can do more intellectual labor by giying tht body suffic,ien~, exercise. Another consideration

Development.

must not be omitted. When the mind is fresh, the work which it does is quicker and better performed. Though we may not spend so much t.ime over our books in learning an assigned lesson, yet the same work will be better accomplished in a shorter period. The student who overtixes himself, and neglects physical recreation, soon learns to loathe his books, the college, and everything connected with it. His whole course becomes a c'onstant drag, and with eagerness he longs for the end of the session, when he will be free from his stud ,ies, and will have the opportunity to repair h.is.wasted system . The powers of the body, like those of the mind, are strengthened by exercise; but it is of p Jramount importance that one should have some regular training for the physical. There should be stated times for sports as well as fixed hours for study. Again, we should engage in those amusements which will symmetrically develop our physical frame, or we should so vary our sports as to leave no muscle unexercised. One would naturally think that the boy who has heen follow ing the plough most of his life would have more strength than the boy who has been brought up in the city. But in many cases we find the opposite of this true. To what can we attribute this? !Us certainly not because the country boy has not had sufficient exercise, but it is due to the 'fact that the exercise of the country lad. has been such as to develop on)y some of his muscles and to l,eave others lying dormant, while the lad from the city has so exercised himself as to bring all his muscles into play. In other words, the city gent has been striving for a rounded development. Many of our college-sports tend to give one-sided or unequal development. Foot-ball, for instance, develops the muscles of our limbs, but does not strengthen those of _ the chest. Educators are beginning to recognize more than ever the great need of physical . education. Every college of any note has connected with it some facilities to exercise the whole body. I am glad to learn that the basement of our 1 new . building will be set apart for a gymnasium, and it is to be hoped that the students 'of the coming session will make good use of .the opportunities which they shall then have. f In regard , to moral development, the writer has only one thing to say. Nothing st,engthens one more in a moral point of view than a st~ict regard for little things. The student who uses his mental faculties in inventing yarns (if I may USC:; ,a colloquial expressi~m) will by-and-~y have his eyes opened to the injury resulting from such employment. I know that it is generally considered that there is nothing wrong in making up a ridiculous story j:.ist t9 ,11musecompany, Many disregard 0

Richmond College Messenger.

truth in these little matters, and quiet conscience by saying that it was done through fun. In relating an occurrence there is great temptation of giving to the real facts a considerable amount of coloring. If one yields to such temptati~ns as these, injurious indeed will be the effects. I have known men to yield to them so far, that now they cannot distinguish between a truth and a lie. How important are these little matters! Do not neglect the payment of small debts because they are small. If in youth one disregards the small obligations which he owes toÂˇ his associates, when he enters the broader arena of action he will not respect those greater obligations which bind him to his fellow-men. Despise not tl1e day of small things. When are moral teachings most fruitful? The moral lesso~s taught us in childhood make deepest impression upon the mind. Thrown into the broad arena of life, into society calculated to destroy every good influence, yet one cannot forget that teaching received around the hearth-stone at home. Says one of Virginia's patriots: " Of all the altars of religion, whether erected under the dome of St. Peter 's or the spire of St. Paul, there is no shrine of God so stJ.cn:;das the . mother's knee." The son may be far from the land of h;s nativity, from the humble cottage in which his eyes first opened to the light of the sun, yet hqw eager is he to end his peregrinations to i:eturn to .the old homestead and to tha i;ik aÂˇmother for the moral training she gave him in the days of his childhood, As he comes in sight of the humble dwelling, no merry voices of children greet his ears, no father comes out to welcome his boy, no aged mother meets and embraces him. He then hurries to the spot which marks the resting-place of her body, and drops on her grave -a tear-more valued by a mother than a monument of granite. A.

SHAKESPEARE'S

WOMEN.

I shall, in writing on this subject, confine myself to a criticism of the female characters that app ear in one play-namely, that of Othello. The women, then, of whom we shall speak, are Desdemona and Emilia. in Desdemona the prominent characteristics are womanly sympathy and wifely devotion. And yet this woman is not a personification of either of these virtues. They are not shown by any wonderful feats which she performed, but they are drawu out by the events which occurred around her. It was Othello's recital of the mangers through

Phrenology as a Science,

which he had passed that made her tears to flow. It was the drunken bout _of Cassius and his consequent deposal from office that was the occasion for her to exhibit her sympathy with those who do wrong and suffer for it. Desdemona's love for her h~sband, which is represented as continuing to the last, even when she was falsely and basely accused and most brutally treated by Othello, is also true to nature. Shakespeare does not describe any extravagant outburst of affection, but so arranges the events of the play as to afford an opportunity for the exercise of this virtue. Emilia is characterized - by due .regard to the rights of her sex and devotion to l.er mistress, and also by great courage in time of danger. Although she was very different from Desdemona, she was as true a representative of one type of woman as Desdemona was of another. · Her opposition to tyrannous husbands was expressed on the occasion of her mistress' cruel treatment by Othello. This base treatment of DesJemona is also made the means of drawing out Emilia's devotion to her mistress. Emilia's fierce and uncompromised denunciation of Othello after he had killed his wife seems, at first sight, unwomanly, especially when we remember that Othello was even then fresh from his fiendish work, and his bands, so to speak, were dripping with innocent blood. But when we take into consideration the fact that Emilia was writhing in the consciousness that her mis!ress had been basely and wrongfully murdered, we see that it was distinctively womanly to disregard the danger that she was encountering, and to pour forth a flood of.,imprecations on the head 'of the murderer. And the great dramatist very finely represents womanly instinct when he makes Emilia bid defiance to the restraints laid upon her, and at the sacrifice of her owp life declared the truth, thereby vindicating the character E. C. A. of her dead mistress.

•

PHRENOLOGY

AS A SCIENCE.

Whatever may be our avocation in life, we may expect to hear various opinions in regard to phrenology becoming a science. Our vie'I\S will doubtless be called for; and if our i11fluenceis worth anything, it is our duty to give· a sensible reason for the opinions we hold. We should not evade the question by simply st a ting that the subject. requires a wider acquaintance with philosophy and metaphysics than it

Richmond ,College Messenger.

is our priviiege to possess, consequently we have 'formed no fixed opinions. We know that water will dissolve sugar, and that copper will disappear as a solid in nitric acid; but does this prove that a substan~e can be made up of various elements so as to dissolve everything else? No; for, should it be discovered, no vessel could be found to preserve it. This conclusion does not require years of study in the science of physics, but common sense exposes the absurdity; just so, it requires no wide knowie-dge of philosophy to determine the real merits of phrenology. , Phrenology teaches us to divide the brain into small .portions resembling the particles of matter that compose a body 1 and ~ach one of these molecules, so to speak, has a distinct and ~eparate name, according to the characteristic quality of the atoms of which it is said to be composed. These divisions of the brain extend out to the surface of the head, and, when nature places a special gift upon her different children, these portions of the brain, correspo~ding to the talents received, must swell_ out and cause a "BUMP" ,:at each extremity. By this fanciful rather than logical argument, phrenologists pretend to show with what talents nature has endowed man; and in this pretension they cla;m not only to have found the true and genuine fountain of youth, but they show you the channel through which nature has ordained that · its waters shall flow·to the wide o·cean of eternity. This he does when he predicts, from the indications of the head, what talents nature has given a man, and what his avoca· tion in life should be. To the unthinking mind, it is a pleasant thing to believe these fancied stories, and hear the authors tell of a country somewhere· in the regions of science, that abounds in jewels more precious •than the world has ever seen. Like a traveller in a barren desert, s~ch an one, deceived by an optical del.usion, fancies for awhile he sees the glittering towers of a beautiful city far away in the distance; but, like Combe and Spurzeim, he reaps his harvest from the fruits of his imagination. Between this undi , covered country and the shores of philosophy there rolls a wide and stormy ocean that never can be crossed. · Upon it I once sailed, and was tossed by the wav~s of trouble until a great storm of infidelity aros e, and the Bible was thrown overboard; tht:n I leaped out upon it, as a life-preserver, and safely .reached the shore, never again to venture out in search of that fanciful land where the inhabitants know each other by phrenological signs. This would be a miserable world, 'i'n<leed, if phrenology were a true

An Ode to the Differentialand Integral Calculus.

and established science. Man could not conceal . his own, his secret thoughts. Nature would be a poor mother to thus betray her children to public censure. The mental qualities of man, according to the teachings of this w.ould-be science, are ' nothing more tl)an a combination of animal propen sities; . for the brute creation possesses all these functions of intellect, in a great or small degree. By these views, man can easily see that if phrenology declares herkelf independent, she must bring out her mighty Washington to lead her to victory, f~r war is inevitable, yes, a revolutionary war, with the mother countryphilosophy-before _she can establish that independence. But can this ever be done? No; for the gods are against her, because she tries to dethrone e~en them, and take from them the power to gaze into the depths of the human soul, an~ give _it to our fellow-men. Nay, more than this, she promises to demonstrat .e how talent i!self • may be handed down to posterity, shows a new and sc_ientific system of education, promises health and vigor to her followers, and threatens destruction on her oppon ents. · Matrimony will be no longer a leap in the dark, civilization will have reaclµed its zenith, and education will have become an absolute neces~ity, when phrenology becomes an established science. NoMEL.

[ We give ·space in our columns for the following poem, written by a student at Randolph Macon College. Perhaps its perusal will give much pleasure to some member of the Sen. Math. class.-Ens.] AN ODE TO THE DIFFERENTIAL

AND INTEGRAL

To get my Math. I sat me down. " It is no use," I swore, "From other things I'll ,get renown, And fool with Math. no more."

Then took I off cravat and coat, And thought of Integration, And seized my trusty pen ; and wroh1 This bitter execration:

0, ye Calculi! Bane of life to me, May Pluto ' s country be your resting-place I To the abod e of Hades, Deep in the gloomy shades, May Sat-an bear _away your hated race I

CALCULUS.

Richmond College Messenger. Around your tombs May devils comeCome all of Satan's million devils; And there in glee, 0 Calculi, Disturb your rest with noisy revels! May Charon at his oar, On Acheron's bleak shore, On you his direful glances fix: Then put you in his craft, And silently you waft To the far, far shore of the Styx!

May Mephistopholes Upon you trembling seize, And plunge you in eternal fire. There may ye, Calculi, Forever burning be, With no more hope of mo~nting higher. No one will weep O'er your last sleep, ÂˇExcept some lunatic like Tod ; He'll make a fuss, 0 Calculus, When you are Ul'lderneath the sod.

But in the earth above, In city and in grove, The student in high carnival will be; And all men will rejoice That Todhunter's dull voice Can never sound again in Calculi ! No man of any nati~n Will study Integration, Or cloud his mind with fuactions of phi, And Differentiation Will take its proper station Among the things that never more can be.

Editorial Department. EDITORIAL

DEPARTMENT.

The retiring editors, we are well aware, have contended against many odds. We would not be doing them justice in sil)lply saying, "They have done their duty." With but little of outside assistance or sympathy, they have been necessarily late 'in the issues of the paper; yet, r(;!gardless of the work which fell upon them , they have not allowed the standard of .the Messenger to be lowered. Seeing the fiery ordeals through which they have passed, we have some apprehension that "the . editor's easy chair" is not so easy after all. . We are willing to do our duty, but we think it unjust for the members of the societies, after electing us to this position, to overburden us with labor by their failure to furnish us with articles for publication. Nothing less than the hearty support of every student will insure us a successful term. Âˇ We there. fore appeal to them for their cooperation. Give us your sympathy by giving us articles. Give us your aid by procuring subscribers and advertisers, and (may we' not add?) aid the Messenger by patronizing those who patronize us. It is needless to conceal the fact that pecuniari'ly our paper is much embarrassed. In order that it may be free from debt at the close of this session, funds must be taken from the treasuries of the societies. It is abs0lutely certain that so far as the present session is concerned, the Messenger has not, and will not be self-sustaining, and we think we are correct in saying that this is not the first session in which it has had a similar drawback. But there is no reason for these financial embarrassments if the societies will only exercise a little foresight and prudence. We take this occasion to make a few suggestions, which we think will be 'for the good of the Messenger, in relieving it from fut~re hindrance, and which we sincerely hope will be taken for what they are worth. If we can only secure a wide circulation, we need not trouble ourselves about getting merch!l,nts to advertise with us. They will not hesitate to advertise if they are certain that their advertisements are widely spread, and are seen by numerous readers. We can accomplish a broader circulation if we can ga_in the interest and sy!npathy of the alumni of the college. If we can succeed in getting the Society of Alumni connected with our paper, its members will 'take more interest in the affairs of their alma mater, and there will be awakened in them a deep concern for the welfare of our paper, and thus its pr6spects for success will be placed upon a surer foundation. Our paper could then be enlarged without any additional work upon our students. We theref::lre think that it would be a capital idea for the literary societies, at the close of this

Âˇ.

Richmond College llfessenger

session, to send a committee to the meeting of the alumni and request them to take a share in Âˇ the Messenger, and to elect an editor out of their number who shall cooperate with the editors of the literary soc1et1es. The Messenger will then be under the control of the alumni and the two literary societies of Richmond College. If this plan, just announced, meets with objections and is thwarted, and if the students shall oppose the cooperation of the alumni, we venture to offer another plan. We thi nk that there ought to be a standing board of managers, and that they ought to receive pay for their services. ,We do not mean that tiÂˇey should have a fixed salary, but they should have a certain per cent. of the money received for advertisemen _ts. This would make them more energetic, and would greatly increase the number of advertisements, in which we at present are sadly defirierit. Whatever may be the results of the above suggestions, th ere is one fact which stares us in the face, and, like Banquo's ghost, _will not down at our bidding : und er its present management, the Messenger is interests dying every day, a~d it is time for every o.ne who holds its \.> dear to his heart, to ask himself the question, " Shall it ever Jive, At this poor, dying rate?''

LOC)\LS. Mumps! Mumps ! ! /I

Look at that "curve"

"Foot-ball"! Al~s, the cry has been wafted by the spring breezes to a distant land to return no more-this session. Two students coming from the college hotel, on "boss-day": "Why do you hold your head so high to-day, Mr. T.?" "Been eating raisins.''

-- .-.Lecture in chemistry on glass: "Glass-Glass has had a great influence on morals. Glass costs money. It is wrong to break glass out of the windows. It vitiates the morals, unless the fact is reported in twentyfour hours, or a double price is paid." Think of this, yeÂˇ base-ball players, when you are knocking "fouls'' near the chairman's office. It is very much to be lamented that on the present editorial staff there is not one "funny" man, and the .incumbent of this department

Locals.

is less inclined , in that direction than any of them. Therefore, be it known unto you this day, ye wits of the college, that your brightest productions are earnestly solicited, that they may enrich the pages of the Messenger; and for a stronger reason still-viz., that they may be crystallized, so as to bless coming generations. "Prep." philosophers studying instinct. Original il11,1strationsthat brutes have reason: Mr. T . : A friend told me that he was down on the branch, and hearing the bird s making a great noise·, looked in the bushes and saw a snake having a young bird tied with a grape vine; and as the old birds came to rescue the little one, the snake would gather them in. Professor remarks incredulously, Did he see 'the snake tie the bird? Mr. E . 's story: While standing on the bank of the Shenandoah, I saw a rat come out of his hole shaking a long straw, which he held in his mouth. Presently another rat came out, and taking hold of the straw h_e was led by his generous companion to the water's edge to quench his thirst. Mr. E. •being curious to know the cause of this strange procedure, and naturally fond of zoology, cast a magic spell . over the rats, and by careful examination found that one was blind.

•

l.snot this sufficient -evidence to prove that brµtes have reason? The late issue of this numbei;,of our paper gives us ample time to mention the public debate of the Philologians, which took place in their hall on the second Friday night in March. We say public debate, but we will take that back and say literary entertainment, as the latter is a more appropriate term for the occasion. Besides the debate, there was reading, declamation, and music. The presiqent of the society, Mr. J. H. Wright, made ·an address of welcome; after which the selected choir, with Mr. Williams as director and Mr. Lemon as organi st, delighted the fair audience \Vith choice music. The reading by Mr. Garnett was specially good. The humorous declamation de- . livered by Mr. W. r. E. Cox was well received. The question under discus sion was: "R esolved, That the sciences afford a better field for mental development tlun the langu ages." It was debated affirmatiyely by Messrs. Hurt and Gardner, and negatively by Messrs. Wood and Quick. All of these gentlemen acquitted themselves quite handsomely. We have only one complaint to make, and that a very small one. We think the exercises were protracted too long, which could have been avoided had the debaters curtailed their speeches. At the close of the debate, the audience was again favoredwith music,which was highly

Richmond College Messenger.

appreciated, judging from the frequent applause during its rendition. At the close of the song, the president announced the meeting adjourned. We were encouraged to see that a few at least of the fair sex were present. Nothing encouPges or inspires us more than their attendance upon our public exercises. On the 14th of April a public debate will be held in the Mu Sigma hall, and we extend a cordial invitation for all to be present.

EXCHANGES. In assuming the role of an Exchange editor, we cordially gre~t our brethren of the press. We have no preliminary remarks to make. We launch our little bark, for the first time; upon the journalistic sea. _We expect to be tossed about, however. We trust that every wave will make us more seaworthy. ,., The University Quarterly is numbered among the best of our exchanges. The February No., we must say, is not as good as usual. But we do not criticise, for we think that there is such an adage as "VarietY. is the spice of life." Therefore, adhering to this._proverb, we think that the Quarterly can well afford.not to be so good as usual nowÂˇ and then. The Wake Forest Student is not a model college paper. If that journal will allow us to make a suggestion, we would say, make your paper smaller if the students cannot contribute sufficient matter, and let alone such contributions as are from the pens of professors, D. D's., and others, We will also say that the department of this paper denominated "Worth Repeating" is superfluous. A college paper should be made up strictly from and by the college, and not filled with contributions from learned professors a,nd articles from other papers. . The Ariel, from the University of Minnesota, is upon our table. Its article Âˇ upon "Washington Irving's Literary Services" is good. We agree with the cÂˇomments l!lpon the Civil-Service Reform, and we also join hands with you in saying that the " impulse must be derived from the educated and thinking young men," except we do not entirely exclude old men . We are glad to see that the young element of the North favor so strongly educatidn and thought, and we sincerely wish that this element would visit the South and see how sorely education, thought, and integrity are here smothered and hushed by illiterate and dishonest demagogues, who dream of office, think and study for

Exchanges.

office-in fine, who live for office, and when this boon is not granted, their little bubbles disappe~r and ex,istence ceases. We think the Ariel wrong in resp:iectto the department of "Communications." After setting forth the aims of this part of the pape~, we find this in the conclusion: "The editors are not to be held responsible for anything which may appear in its columns." Now, this . may be merely a difference of opinion, still, we contend that the editors should and ought to' be responsible for all communications as to their fitnes~, etc. The Mississippi University Magazine presents a neat appearance. The matter is good, and the paper upon the whole is one of oar best exchanges. We are always glad to receive it.

The Album is truly a good exchange. Its matter is appropriate (as a general thing) and well expressed. The "Local" and "Exchange" departments are well written and quite spicy. The article on "The Hygiene of Student Life" is rather too scientific for a college paper. This article is very good despite _the psychological cast, and there is inter spersed .some wholesome, practicql thought. We are are happy to see the CollegeDays. Its editorials are r.eally good, decidedly above the average . The one about the '' Student's World" sets forth the facts weli. As to the piece entitled "Elo. quence," we will simpiy say that any one who reads it will be well re' paid for the time spent. We think this paper devotes too much of its space to locals. Locals may be interesting to the students, but, as a general th!ng, are not very much so to outsiders. We hope this paper will be a constant visitor. What has become of our friends of the University of Virginia? We never get the Magazine now. Let u~ hear from you; we miss you much. The Roanoke Collegian pays us its regular visits. We always welcome you. But where is your "Exchange" department? The Randolph-Macon Monthly fails to come to us now. What's the matter? We are in receipt of the Presbyterian College-Journal the Calliopean Clarion, The Pottjolio, the Heidelberg Monthly Journal, and the Lasell Leaves. Quite an entertaining exchange is the Calliopean Clarion. Sprightly in thought, picturesque Âˇ in fancy, and tolerably sound in logic, we have read some of its articles with pleasure. We aclmire Âˇ'Alone' ' for its . originality and well-expressed . ideas, we like the pleasin~ sadness of

Richmond College Messenger.

"Forgotten Graves" ; but we must say we can't endorse some of the wide-sweeping declarations made in the article on " Conversation." F0r example, the writer thus alludes to the girls: " Girls are great talkers, but the substance of their conversation is light anil airy. They string out the threads of their verbosity finer than the staple of their thoughts." Now, we admit this is true in some cases, but certainly not in all, as fhe writer would have us believe. There has not been a sufficiently wide observation of facts on the part of the author to justify so wide a conclusion. In other and plainer words, if his sweetheart " strings out the thread of her verbosity," it does not follow that everybody's sweetheart does the same thing! Âˇ We are surprised that, from a few observed .cases, he should make such an incorrect induction. The Clarion publishes several oratioqs of the senior men,-one having for its subject, . " Hold your tongue and mind your business." The subject 1s good, whatever else may be said of the oration.

PERSONALS. J. M. Simms is clerking at Washington, Ark. Tim Rives, B. L., is doing well in Prince George. T. J. Gant is in the Treasury Derartment, at Washington. C. A. Cutchins is in business in Norfolk. Married life agrees with him. Willie Fleet is farming in King and Queen. He finds use for his chemistry. E. B. Morris, '77-' 78, got a good "pounding" at Milesburg, Pa., a few weeks ago. Herbert Lewis, session '78-'79, is married, and practising law in King and Queen. ' Ben Gay is practi sing law in North Carolina. Ben, do you have any earth ,quakes down there? â€˘ R. L. Harrison, '74 -'75, is farming in Henrico. He needs a superintendent-not of his farm. E. M. Baum has settled in Norfolk. He is studying hard, but still clings to his " calico-ticket." John Peake is farming in Norfolk county. He .believes that "it is not good for man to be alone.'' J. A. McManaway has accepted a call to the Baptist church at Midway, Ky. What about matrimony, Mc?

Personals.

Bob Morris is with his father, in Norfolk. Bob thinks that tagging cotton i's more pleasant than reading Blackstone. John A. Powers is at his home, in King William county, in declining health. Jack, we tender you our warmest sympathies. Spot Allen is book -keeping for Whitlock, in this city. · His advice is, " Young men, go to ' Eastman Business College .' " Claggett Jones is practising law at Staunton. We w.ish you well, Clag. Take the Messenger, so as to keep up with the times. George Dey is with his father in Norfolk. If you want yqur life insured, give him a call. Subscribe for this, George, and we'll call it square. H . A. Latane is clerking at Tappahannock-no "Math." to keep him from paying his compliments to the girls. Harry, are you not happy? You ought to be. It is a grievous oversight that we have thus far failed to mention the departure from our midst of Mr. W. P. Waddy. We miss you sadly, old fellow, especially •your oratory on the campus and your genial laugh. J. J. Taylor enters upon his second year as pastor, at Lexington, Ky., with bri 5hter hopes and stronger zeal. Give the Messenger an article on the "Blue-Gra ss" region. Judson has a hard time finding an assistant pastor. He is fond of blondes. · ·w. J. Decker was recalled from the seminary by the illness of his mother, and is now at his home in Spotsylvania. You have our hearts with you in your trouble; but we know none of us could bear such reverses half so well. 0, that we had you with us now! COLEMAN WORTHAM.

EDWIN WORTHAM.

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