Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute • University of Maryland
January - March 2026 vol.56 no.1
MFRI Implements Firefighter Gross Decontamination Techniques By QA/QI Manager, Michael McAdams
In recent years, firefighters have experienced a high rate of occupational cancer. The International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) and numerous research studies have identified cancer as the leading cause of firefighter line-of-duty deaths. As the state’s leader in fire, rescue, and EMS training, the Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute (MFRI) recognizes the responsibility to address this risk head-on. One of the most effective frontline defenses is consistent, standardized gross decontamination immediately following live-fire training and realworld incidents.
MFRI’s gross decontamination process is designed to quickly remove harmful soot, particulates, and fireground contaminants before they can be absorbed into the skin or breathed into the lungs. During a fire, cancer contaminants are produced in the smoke and soot. These particles strongly adhere to turnout gear and exposed skin.
photo: In an effort to foster risk reduction, MFRI has added gross decontamination following live-fire training to standard-operating procedures.
Without proper decontamination, firefighters bring contaminants into vehicles, stations, and homes.
The MFRI decontamination procedure interrupts that chain of exposure, reducing long-term health risks while reinforcing positive habits future firefighters will carry into their careers. The process begins immediately after crews exit the fire area. Using a standardized gross decon line, designated crew members sweep away loose debris with a soft brush from head to toe. Next the crew
applies a low-pressure water rinse. This is followed by a wet-soap scrub using brushes and Dawn dishwashing soap. The combination of water, agitation, and detergent helps dislodge contaminants trapped in the gear. After a thorough low-pressure rinse, firefighters carefully doff their gear in a controlled manner to prevent direct skin contact with contaminated surfaces. Firefighters clean their hands, face, neck, and groin using wipes. This step is important because
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