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13 Jain e.a., 2023 14 Maar 13 procent van de 2781 miljardairs ter wereld is vrouw (Ischinsky & Tisch, 2023) 15 Barber, 1995, p. 181 16 Allam, 1989, p. 128-135 hoofdstuk 1 1 Alger, I. e.a. (2020) ‘Paternal Provisioning Results from Ecological Change’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2 Wiesner-Hanks, 2019, p. 20 3 Ibid., 2019, p. 30 4 de Beaune, S.A. (2019) ‘A Critical Analysis of the Evidence for Sexual Division of Tasks in the European Upper Paleolithic’, in K.A. Overmann en F.L. Coolidge (red.) Squeezing Minds from Stones. Oxford University Press, p. 378 5 Milks, A. (2020) ‘Did prehistoric women hunt? New research suggests so’, The Conversation 6 Haas e.a., 2020; Anderson e.a., 2023 7 Cirotteau e.a., 2022, p. 138-9 8 Ibid.; Hoffman, J., Farquharson, K. en Venkataraman, V.V. (2021)
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MacGregor, 2010, p. 161 Oakeshott, W. (1936) Commerce and Society. Clarendon Press, p. 5, 8 MacGregor, 2010, p. 160 Ibid., 161 Oakeshott, 1936, p. 5 Wenghofer, R. (2014) ‘Sexual Promiscuity of Non-Greeks in Herodotus’ Histories’, Classical World Budin en Turfa, 2016, p. 439 Bergeron, M.E. (2011) ‘Death, gender, and sea shells in Carthage’, Pallas, p. 181 Snow, P. (2018) History of the World Map by Map. Dorling Kindersley, p. 55 Christian, M.A. (2013) ‘Phoenician Maritime Religion: Sailors, Goddess Worship, and the Grotta Regina’, Die Welt des Orients Oakeshott, 1936, p. 5 Ibid., p. 5 Ashmolean Museum, ‘Ancient Greek Coins – Notes for teachers.’ Mark, J.J. (2020) ‘Inventions & Innovations of Ancient Persia’, World History Encyclopedia MacGregor, 2010, p. 162 Mark, 2020 MacGregor, 2010, p. 165 Ibid., p. 166 Ibid. Green, P. (2017) ‘When Things Got Tough’, London Review of Books Mark, J.J. (2014) ‘Artemisia I of Caria’, World History Encyclopedia; Encyclopaedia Britannica (2024) ‘Battle of Salamis’ Mayor, 2016; Jordan, A. (2009) ‘I Am No Man’, Field Notes; DavisKimball, J. en Behan, M. (2003) Warrior Women. Warner Pomeroy, 1975, p. 2 Ibid., p. 8 Ibid., p. 2-5 Ibid., p. 25-30 Ibid., p. 52-6 Ibid., p. 57 Ibid.
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34 O’Faolain, J. en Martines, L. (1979) Not in God’s Image. Virago, p. 46 35 Glazebrook, 2016 36 Lister, 2021, p. 29-30 37 Ibid. 38 Galt, C.M. (1931) ‘Veiled ladies’, American Journal of Archaeology 39 Barrow, R.J. (2018) Gender, Identity and the Body in Greek and Roman Sculpture. Cambridge University Press, hoofdstuk 3 40 Marcar, A. (2004) ‘Aegean costume and the dating of the Knossian frescoes’, British School at Athens Studies; Murray, S.C., Chorghay, I. en MacPherson, J. (2020) ‘The Dipylon Mistress’, American Journal of Archaeology 41 Ibid. 42 Barber, 1995, p. 213 43 Ibid., p. 244 44 Cohen, 2016, p. 722 45 Barber, 1994, p. 281-2 46 Wilding, A. (2022) ‘Explore the ancient Greek festival of the Panathenaia’, Open University, YouTube 47 Encyclopaedia Britannica (2016) ‘Panathenaea’ 48 Barber, 1995, p. 282 49 Ibid., p. 282-283 50 Cohen, 2016, p. 721 51 Brock, 1994, p. 338 52 Cohen, 2016 53 Barber, 1995, p. 87 54 Cohen, 2016, p. 722 55 Barber, 1995, p. 276, 284 56 Ibid., hoofdstuk 10 57 Cohen, 2016, p. 715 58 Ibid. 59 Backhouse, R.E. (2002) The Penguin History of Economics. Penguin, p. 20-22; Kishtainy, N. (2017) A Little History of Economics. Yale University Press, p. 11-12 60 Ibid. 61 Pomeroy, 1975, p. 48. 62 Ibid., p. 50-1 63 Geciteerd in Pomeroy, 1975, p. 51
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hoofdstuk 5 1 Bosker e.a., 2013 2 Keddie, 2007, p. 24 3 Watt, W.M. (1977) ‘Muhammad’, in P.M. Holt, A.K.S. Lambton en B. Lewis (red.) The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press, p. 33 4 Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018) ‘Caravan’ 5 Ibid. 6 Dauphin, C. e.a. (2015) ‘To Mecca on Pilgrimage on Foot and CamelBack’, Bulletin for the Council for British Research in the Levant
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Watt, 1977, p. 34 Cevherli, 2022 Ibid. Abbott, 1942, p. 123 Watt, 1977, p. 38 Ibid., p. 39 Ibid., p. 41 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2023 El-Badawi, 2023, p. 263 Abbott, 1942 Nadwi, 2016 Abbott, 1942, p. 109 Abbott, 1942 Smith, 1985, p. 24 El-Badawi, 2023, p. 220 Abbott, 1942, p. 123 Ibid., p. 114, 124; El-Badawi, 2023, p. 220 Keddie, 2007, p. 22-3 Ahmed, 1992, p. 61; El-Badawi, 2023, p. 65; Keddie, 2007, p. 26 Abbott, 1942, p. 114 Keddie, 2007, p. 26-27; Abbott, 1942, p. 114 Abbott, 1942, p. 115 Hinds, M. (1972) ‘The murder of the Caliph “Uthmân”’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, p. 450 Keddie, 2007, p. 26-27 Keddie, 2007, p. 29; Bessard, 2020, p. 18-19 Bessard, 2020, p. 18 Michalopoulos, S., Naghavi, A. en Prarolo, G. (2017) ‘Trade and geography in the spread of Islam’, The Economic Journal Shatzmiller, 2011, p. 174 Shatzmiller, 1994 Shatzmiller, 2011, p. 172 Bessard, 2020, p. 188 Ibid., p. 189-191 Shatzmiller, 2011, p. 171 Yazigi, p. 441-443 Over het bovenstaande, Bessard, 2020, p. 239 El-Azhari, 2021, p. 65 Lücker en Daenschel , 2019, p. 149 Encyclopaedia Britannica (2024) ‘Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah’
45 Bosker e.a., 2013, p. 1419 46 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 350 47 Ibid., p. 348-50; Shatzmiller, 2011, p. 164; Bessard, 2020, p. 238 48 Ibid. 8 49 Bessard, 2020, p. 236 50 Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 177 51 Shatzmiller, 1994 52 Bosker e.a., 2013, p. 1423 53 Van Bavel e.a., 2014, p. 264 54 Pamuk en Shatzmiller, 2014, p. 217 55 Silver, 2011; Van Bavel e.a., 2014 56 Bessard, 2020, p. 212-213 57 Ibid., p. 209 58 Chowdhury, B. (2018) ‘Scheherazade: the story of a storyteller’, Art uk 59 Blankinship, K. (2023) ‘The Forgotten Middle East Legacy of “1,001 Nights”’, New Lines Magazine 60 Lücker en Daenschel , 2019, p. 150-1 61 Mernissi, 1994, p. 53 62 Ibid., p. 62 63 Ibid., p. 51 64 Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 150-1 65 El-Azhari, 2021, p. 93-94 66 Mernissi, 1994, p. 55 67 Shatzmiller, 2011, p. 153 68 Mernissi, 1994, p. 38 69 Ibid., p. 38 70 Pamuk en Shatzmiller, 2014, p. 217; Bessard, 2020, p. 228, 240; Shatzmiller, 2007, p. 150 71 Pamuk en Shatzmiller, 2014, p. 207-8, 212 72 Ibid., p. 216-8; Bessard, 2020, p. 192; Bessard, 2020, p. 269 73 Shatzmiller, 2011 74 Shatzmiller, 2007, p. 149-150 75 Ibid., p. 150 76 Mernissi, 1994, p. 45 77 Shatzmiller, 2011, p. 160 78 Ibid., p. 159-160 79 Lücker en Daenschel , 2019, p. 172; Mortimer, 2018 80 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 347 81 Ibid., hoofdstuk 7 82 Dit citaat is – misschien abusievelijk – toegeschreven aan
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Mohammed door een ooggetuige (Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 148). 83 Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 148 84 Koran (2:228; 4:34); Umri en Umri, 2008, p. 121 85 Shatzmiller, 2007, p. 115 86 Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 179-187 87 Shatzmiller, 2007, p. 95 88 Pamuk en Shatzmiller, 2014, p. 215-6; Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 64-5 89 Shatzmiller, 2007, p. 98 90 Keddie, 1990, p. 87-90 91 Umri en Umri, 2008, p. 120 92 Keddie, 1990 93 Ibid., p. 88 94 Shatzmiller, 2007 95 Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 200 96 Umri en Umri, 2008, p. 117 97 Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 194 98 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 358-9 99 Ibid., p. 358; Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 195 100 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 358 101 Ibid., p. 353 102 Shatzmiller, 2007, p. 112 103 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 353 104 Shatzmiller, 2007, p. 109 105 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 355, 359 106 Ibid., p. 359 107 Ibid., p. 362 108 Umri en Umri, 2008, p. 124 109 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 359 110 Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 196 111 Umri en Umri, 2008, p. 118-121 112 Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 189 113 Bateman, 2023; Keddie, 2007, p. 24-5, 29-35, 45 114 Kloss, 2023, p. 142 115 Keddie, 2007, p. 41; Kloss, 2023, p. 143 116 Kloss, 2023, p. 149-150 117 Parker en Rathbone, 2007, p. 79 118 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 352 119 Mernissi, 1994, p. 59 120 Spufford, 1988, p. 49; McCormick, 2001, p. 729, 733 121 Nielson, 2012, p. 244 122 Ibid., p. 246-7; Kloss, 2023, p. 146 123 Mernissi, 1994, p. 55
124 Ibid., p. 54-5 125 Nielson, 2012, p. 248-9, 253 126 Mernissi, 1994, p. 57; El-Azhari, 2021, p. 59 127 Mernissi, 1994, p. 41 128 Nielson, 2012, p. 248-9, 253 129 Ibid., p. 250-4 130 Shatzmiller, 1994, p. 357; Shatzmiller, 1997, p. 192 131 Mernissi, 1994, p. 153 132 Marsot, 2007, hoofdstuk 1 133 Ibid., hoofdstuk 1 134 Ibid., hoofdstuk 1 135 Shoshan, B. (1981) ‘Fāṭimid grain policy and the post of the muṭtasib’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 136 Marsot, 2007, hoofdstuk 1 137 Mernissi, 1994, p. 165 138 Ibid., p. 168 139 Ibid., p. 169 140 Ibid., p. 170 141 Ibid., p. 169-171 142 Ibid., p. 171-2 143 Marsot, 2007, hoofdstuk 1; Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 169-70 144 Mernissi, 1994, p. 161 145 El-Azhari, 2021, p. 205 146 Keddie, 2007, p. 26 147 Mernissi, 1994, p. 115, 141 148 Ibid., hoofdstuk 7-8; Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 171 149 El-Azhari, 2021, p. 239 150 Mernissi, 1994, p. 149; El-Azhari, 2021, p. 241 151 Marsot, 2007, hoofdstuk 1 152 Ibid., hoofdstuk 1 153 Tauseef, K. (2022) ‘Shajara alDurr’, World History Encyclopedia 154 Ibid.; Mernissi, 1994, p. 28 155 Tauseef, 2022 156 Keddie, 2007, p. 51 157 Marsot, 2007, hoofdstuk 1, p. 29 158 Keddie, 2007, p. 41 159 Mernissi, 1994, p. 89 160 Ibid., p. 90 161 Ibid., p. 93 162 Ibid., p. 96 163 Keddie, 2007, p. 45, 51-2 164 Mernissi, 1994, p. 29
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34 Ibid.; Glahn, 2016, p. 233 35 Deng en Zheng, 2015 36 Benn, 2002, p. 293; Glahn, 2016, hoofdstuk 6 p. 250 1 Ebrey, 2023, p. 126 37 Benn, 2002, p. 293 2 Ibid., p. 124 38 Hinsch, 2021, p. 58; Glahn 2016, 3 Glahn, 2016, p. 217; Ebrey, 2023, p. 218 p. 124 39 Ebrey, 2023, p. 166; Deng en Zheng, 4 Ebrey, 2023, p. 229; Broadberry e.a., 2015 2015, p. 372 40 Bray, 1995, p. 125 5 Frankopan, 2016, p. 9; Creel, H. 41 Glahn, 2016, p. 246 (1965) ‘The role of the horse in 42 Bray, 1995, p. 126 Chinese history’, The American 43 Deng en Zheng, 2015 Historical Review 44 Broadberry e.a., 2015, p. 375 6 Frankopan, 2016, p. 9 45 Hinsch, 2021, p. 17 7 Kuhn, 1984, p. 230, 240 46 Fan en Wu, 2023 8 Hansen, 2011, p. 90 47 Hinsch, 2021, p. 26-7 9 Benn, 2002, p. 179-80 48 Ibid., p. 25 10 Ibid., p. 4 49 Ibid., p. 14, 25 11 Ibid., p. 46, 186-7 50 Ibid., p. 28 12 Morris, 2010, p. 632 51 Birge, 2002, p. 285-6 13 Benn, 2002, p. 182 52 Ibid., p. 227 14 Ibid., p. 183 53 Ibid., p. 287 15 Ibid., p. 184-7 54 Ibid., p. 285, p. 226 16 Ibid., p. 3 55 Hansen, 1996, p. 197 17 Birge, 2002, p. 283-4 56 Hansen, 1996 18 Birge, 2002 57 Glahn, 2026, p. 75 19 Benn, 2002, p. 36 58 Ebrey, 2023, p. 47-9 20 Ebrey, 2023, p. 132 59 Hinsch, 2021, p. 70-72; Ebrey, 2023, 21 Benn, 2002, p. 36 p. 170 22 Ibid., p. 36; Smith, 1776 60 Hinsch, 2021, p. 73 23 Benn, 2002, p. 37 61 Ibid., p. 28; Ebrey, 2002, hoofdstuk 2 24 Skaff, J.K. (2003) ‘The Sogdian 62 Hinsch, 2021, p. 29 Trade Diaspora in East Turkestan 63 Ebrey, 2002, hoofdstuk 1, p. 15 during the Seventh and Eighth 64 Birge, 2002, p. 286-7 Centuries’, Journal of the Economic 65 Hinsch, 2021, p. 59; Birge, 2002, and Social History of the Orient p. 288 25 Benn, 2002, p. 184-7 66 Hinsch, 2021, p. 58-9 26 Hinsch, 2021, p. 2 ; Benn, 2002, 67 Ibid., p. 14 p. 292 68 Ibid., p. 19 27 Hinsch, 2021, p. 2 69 Birge, 2002, p. 288 28 Ibid., p. 4 70 Ibid. 29 Headrick, 2009, p. 72 71 Ebrey, 2023, p. 160 30 Glahn, 2016, hoofdstuk 6; Benn, 72 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2023 2002, p. 292-293 73 Ebrey, 2023, p. 196 31 Glahn, 2016, p. 216; Deng en 74 Birge, 2002, p. 279-282 Zheng, 2015 75 Ebrey, 2002, p. 36 32 Ebrey, 2023, p. 144; Glahn, 2016, 76 Bawden, C.R. (2025), ‘Kublai p. 235 Khan’, Encyclopaedia Britannica 33 Ebrey, 2023, p. 145 77 Birge, 2002, p. 217-229
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31 Slater, E. (2006) ‘Caffa: Early Western Expansion in the Late Medieval World, Review, p. 276 32 Schiel, 2023, p. 180-190 33 Barker, 2023 34 Schiel, 2023, p. 180 35 Karras, 2023, p. 219 36 Karras, 2023 37 McKee, S. (2004) ‘Inherited status and slavery in late medieval Italy and Venetian Crete’, Past & Present 38 Hagen en Hagen, 2010, p. 40-47 39 Kussmaul, 1981 40 Voigtländer & Voth, 2013 41 Carlin, M. (2008) ‘“What say you to a piece of beef and mustard?”’, Huntington Library Quarterly 42 Kussmaul, 1981, p. 34, 143; maar zie Humphries & Weisdorf, 2015 43 Kussmaul, 1981, p. 81 44 Ibid., p. 82-3 45 Bennett, 1996, p. 43 46 Carlin, 2008 47 Callow, E. (1899) Old London Taverns. Downey & Co 48 Bennett, 1996, p. 64 49 Ibid., p. 66-7 50 Karras, 1996, p. 42 51 Ibid., p. 14 52 Ibid., p. 6, 14 53 Ibid., p. 77 54 Ibid., p. 78 55 Ibid., p. 81 56 Ibid., p. 79-80 57 McIntosh, 2005, p. 416 58 Ibid., p. 410 59 Abram, A. (1916) ‘Women Traders in Medieval London’, The Economic Journal, p. 281 60 McIntosh, 2005, p. 417 61 Ibid., p. 415 62 Abram, 1916, p. 278 63 Ibid. 64 Kennan, 2019, p. 64, 74 65 Kennan, 2019 66 Ibid., p. 67, 71-2 67 Ramirez, 2022, p. 283 68 Ibid., hoofdstuk 8 69 Mernissi, 1994, p. 18-19 70 Ibid., p. 18-19
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71 Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 226 72 Campbell, G. (2005) ‘Columbus’, The Oxford Dictionary of the Renaissance 73 Downs, K. (2008) ‘Mirrored Archetypes: The Contrasting Cultural Roles of La Malinche and Pocahontas’, Western Folklore 74 Ibid., p. 401 75 Ibid., p. 401 76 Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 229 77 Downs, 2008 78 Zeuske, 2023 79 Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 232 80 Ibid., 2019, p. 257 81 Zeuske, 2023, p. 384 82 The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, www.slavevoyages.org 83 Zeuke, 2023, p. 385 84 Romano, 2020, p. 289-90; unesco 85 Ibid., p. 297-9, 303 86 Ibid., p. 298 87 Ibid., p. 297-8 88 Ibid., p. 310-11 89 Ebrey, 2023, p. 211 90 Malanima, 2009, p. 170 91 O’Rourke, K.H & Williamson, J.G. (2002), ‘After Columbus: Explaining Europe’s Overseas Trade Boom’, The Journal of Economic History 92 Dalrymple, 2020, p. 4 93 Ibid., p. 8 94 Ibid., p. 4 95 Ibid., p. 4 96 Ibid., p. 5 97 Ibid., p. 3 98 Ibid., p. 13 99 Ibid., p. 14 100 Ibid., p. 14 101 Dalrymple, 2013, p. 15 102 Dalrymple, 2020, p. 16-18 103 Hickman, 2019, p. 28 104 Ibid., p. 23 105 Ibid., p. 17, 36 106 Ibid., p. 17, 19, 24 107 Ibid., p. 36 108 Ibid., p. 33 109 Dalrymple, 2020, p. 21-2 110 Ibid., p. 22
111 Saberi, 2013, p. 93 112 Ibid., p. 93 113 Ibid., p. 93 114 Hickman, 2019, p. 39 115 Ibid., p. 41 116 Ibid., p. 41 117 Israel, J.I. (1989) Dutch Primacy in World Trade. Clarendon Press, p. 12-13 118 Heuvel, 2007, p. 229 119 Ibid., p. 230-1 120 Ibid., p. 234-5 121 Ibid., p. 241 122 Ibid., p. 225-6 123 Ibid., p. 136, 205 124 Ibid., p. 141-2 125 Ibid., p. 188-9, 194-5 126 Crawford en Gowing, 2000, p. 71 127 Wiesner-Hanks, 2015; ForemanPeck, 2011 128 Keddie, 2007, p. 39 208 129 Ibid., p. 35-42 130 Sommer, M. (2000) Sex, Law, and Society in Late Imperial China. Stanford; De Moor & Van Zanden, 2009 131 Sommer, 2000, p. 39 132 Molony e.a., 2016, p. 91; Sommer, 2015, p. 10 133 Asher, C.B. en Talbot, C. (2023) India before Europe. Cambridge University Press, p. 157 134 In sommige delen van Azië, zoals Sri Lanka en Zuidoost-Azië, was het familiesysteem ‘vrouwvriendelijker’ 135 Weber, 1930 136 De Vries, 2009 hoofdstuk 8 1 Karras, 1996 2 Bateman, 2019, p. 25 3 Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. en Robinson, J. (2002) ‘The rise of Europe’, nber Working Paper 9378 4 Bryson, 2016, p. 9 5 Ibid., p. 9 6 M.b.t. deze en de volgende zinnen, Mokyr, 2009 7 Trinity College: www.trin.cam.
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ac.uk/ about/historical-overview/ in-brief/ Rubin, 2017, p. 13, 105-6 Xue, M. en Koyama, M. (2015) ‘The Literary Inquisition’, ssrn Electronic Journal Mokyr, 2017 Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 281 Gregory, 2023, p. 111 Ibid., p. 110 Mokyr, 2009, p. 322 The Royal Society: https:// royalsociety. org/about-us/whowe-are/history/ Fara, 2016 Lücker en Daenschel, 2019, p. 278 Fara, 2016 Jane Austen, geciteerd in Irvine, R. (2005) Jane Austen. Routledge, p. 43 Stafford, W. (2002) English Feminists and Their Opponents. Manchester University Press, p. 51 Nekoei en Sinn, 2021 Shoemaker, R.B. (1998) Gender in English Society, 1650-1850. Longman, p. 282; Buringh, E. en Van Zanden, J.L. (2009) ‘Charting the rise of the West’, Journal of Economic History Buringh en Van Zanden, 2009 Ferguson, D. (2024) ‘How Bridgerton’s real life Lady Whistledown scandalised 18thcentury society’, Observer Shoemaker, 1998, p. 285 Encyclopaedia Britannica (2024) ‘Frances Burney’ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2024c; Pink, E.E. (2006) ‘Frances Burney’s Camilla’, Eighteenth-Century Studies, p. 55 Doody, M.A. (2010) Frances Burney. Cambridge University Press Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2024c Irvine, 2005, p. 12-13 Ibid., p. 3; Pink, 2006, p. 54 Ibid., p. 2 Ibid., p. 13 Ibid., p. 14
35 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2024c; Doody, 2010, p. 25; Pink, 2006, p. 53-5 36 Irvine, 2005, p. 15 37 Ibid., p. 15 38 Ibid., p. 15 39 Ibid., p. 15 40 Ibid., p. 15-16 41 Ibid., p. 16 42 Ibid., p. 16 43 Shoemaker, 1998, p. 282-95 44 Nekoei en Sinn, 2021; Sinn en Nekoei, 2021 45 Firkus, A. (2021) America’s Early Women Celebrities. McFarland & Company, p. 6 46 Firkus, 2021, p. 6 47 Ibid., p. 9 48 Ibid., p. 13 49 Ibid., p. 11 50 Ibid., p. 13-15 51 Ibid., p. 15-16 52 Homestead, M.J. en Hansen, C. (2010) ‘Susanna Rowson’s transatlantic career’, Early American Literature 53 Firkus, 2021, p. 24 54 Homestead en Hansen, 2010 55 Firkus, 2021, p. 24-5; Encyclopaedia Britannica (2024) ‘Susanna Rowson’ 56 New York Daily Tribune, 9 June 1900 57 Homestead en Hansen, 2010 58 Firkus, 2021, p. 25, 28 59 Ibid., p. 28 60 Molony e.a., 2016, p. 78 61 Ibid., p. 43, 78-9 62 Ibid., p. 104 63 Ibid., p. 104 64 Buringh en Van Zanden, 2009 65 Rostek, 2021, p. 182 66 Zie: Rostek, 2021, p. 182; www. priscillawakefield.uk/family.html 67 Rostek, 2021, p. 182 68 Ibid., p. 183; en www. priscillawakefield.uk 69 Rostek, 2021, p. 189-90 70 Geciteerd in Rostek, 2021, p. 192 71 Tuckniss, 1861, in H. Mayhew (red.)
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London Labour and the London Poor, vol. iv. Frank Cass & Co Rostek, 2021, p. 191 Geciteerd in Rostek, 2021, p. 190 Voor meer biografische informatie: Kelly G. (1992) Revolutionary Feminism. St Martin’s Press Kelly, 1992, p. 25 Ibid., p. 26 Wollstonecraft, 1792 Ibid. Kelly, 1992, p. 145 Ibid., p. 145-6 Ibid., p. 152-3 Bosker e.a. 2013, p. 1424; Morris, 2010, p. 632
hoofdstuk 9 1 Allen, 2017, p. 107 2 Ibid., p. 107 3 Allen, 2009 4 Ibid. 5 Horrell, Humphries en Weisdorf, 2020 concluderen dat vooral vrouwen minder kinderen krijgen naarmate ze meer verdienen, waardoor de druk op de bevolking verder afneemt. Zie ook: ForemanPeck, 2011; De Moor en Van Zanden, 2009 6 Allen, 2009, p. 39-40 7 Allen, 2009; Ó Gráda, C. (2016) ‘Did Science cause the Industrial Revolution?’, Journal of Economic Literature 8 Ó Gráda, 2016, p. 231 9 Gowing, 2016; Erickson, 2008; Gowing, 2022, p. 59-60, 88 10 Ibid., p. 82 11 Ibid., p. 57, 85 12 Erickson, 2022 13 De vrijheid van vrouwen helpt ons om te verklaren waarom de industrialisatie in Engeland – als deel van Noordwest-Europa – eerder op gang kwam dan in China, India en het MiddenOosten, maar het geeft nog geen antwoord op de vraag: waarom was Engeland de eerste en niet
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
bijvoorbeeld Nederland? Daarover tast men nog in het duister, en het is een van de onderwerpen waarnaar het meeste onderzoek wordt gedaan in de economische geschiedkunde. Persoonlijk denk ik dat het in elk land uit de regio had kunnen gebeuren en dat Engeland gewoon geluk had. Het feit dat de andere delen van Noordwest-Europa binnen een paar jaar een vergelijkbare economische ontwikkeling doormaakten bewijst dat de overeenkomsten groter waren dan de verschillen. Brown en Satterthwaite-Phillips, 2018 Molony e.a., 2016, p. 95; Xue, 2021 Ibid., p. 108 Raman, 2022 Jenkins, R. (1866) ‘Report on the Territories of the Rajah of Nagpore’, Gazette Press, p. 51, 80 Ó Gráda, 2016, p. 229 Sekers, D. (2013) A Lady of Cotton. History Press Ibid., p. 24 Ibid., p. 27-8 National Trust (2007), Quarry Bank. Park Lane Press Sekers, 2013, p. 28 Ibid., p. 78 Ibid., p. 24-5, 83 Ibid., p. 82 Ibid., p. 82-4 Ibid., p. 82 Ibid., p. 15-17 Ibid., fig.8, p. 154-6 National Trust, 2007, p. 13 Ibid., p. 19 Westall, R. (1994) Wilmslow and Alderley Edge. Phillimore National Trust, 2007, p. 19 Ibid., p. 20 Sekers, 2013, p. 156 Robinson, K. (1996) What Became of the Quarry Bank Mill Apprentices?, Quarry Bank Mill, p. 3-4
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63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
Robinson, 1996, p. 3 National Trust, 2007, p. 26 Sekers, 2013, p. 154 Ibid., p. 154 Robinson, 1996, p. 18 Ibid., p. 1 Sekers, 2013, p. 155; Robinson, 1996, p. 17; Westall, 1994, ‘The Apprentices House’ Sekers, 2013, p. 155 Ibid., p. 156-7 Ibid., p. 158-9; National Trust, 2007, p. 25 Sekers, 2013, p. 160; Robinson, 1996, p. 3, 24 Robinson, 1996, p. 3 Ibid., p. 6 Ibid., p. 6-7, 16, 31 Ibid., p. 9, 12, 17 Ibid., p. 6; National Trust, 2007, p. 25 National Trust, 2007, p. 27; Westall, 1994, ‘Greg’s Estate’ Robinson, 1996, p. 14-5 Ibid., p. 14 Ibid., p. 18 National Trust, 2007, p. 8 Sekers, 2013, p. 170 Burnette, 2008. Zie ook Berg, 1993 Terki-Mignot, 2016; Allen, 2018. Zie ook Horrell, Humphries en Weisdorf, 2015 over de manier waarop vrouwen het afleggen tegen mannen als het om salaris gaat. Allen, 2009, p. 41 Ibid., p. 41 Robinson, 2020 [1898] Dublin, 1994, p. 89 Ibid., p. 78 Robinson, 2020 [1898], p. 5 Ibid., p. 12 Dublin, 1994, p. 89 Robinson, 2020 [1898], p. 39 Ibid., p. 17, 31, 40 Ibid., p. 31 Ibid., p. 31 Ibid., p. 30 Ibid., p. 18 Dublin, 1994, 94; Robinson [1898], 2020
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Dublin, 1994, p. 95-6 Ibid., p. 205-208 Rose, 1993, p. 155 Dublin, 1994, p. 41-2 Allen, 2018; Humphries en Schneider, 2018; Muldrew, 2011 83 Dublin, 1994, p. 48 en hoofdstuk 5; Rose, 1993; Burnette, 2008 84 Sekers, 2013, p. 91-92, p. 109 85 Pargas, 2023, p. 443 86 Ibid., p. 443 87 Felder, 2020, p. 497 88 Pargas, 2023, p. 443-4 89 Ibid., p. 446 90 Ibid., p. 446 91 Keckley, 1868, hoofdstuk 3 92 Ibid., hoofdstuk 3 93 Ibid., hoofdstuk 5 94 Molony e.a., 2016, p. 148 95 Ibid., p. 148-9 96 Ibid., p. 148-50 97 Pinchbeck, 1977 [1930], p. 241 98 Molony e.a., 2016, p. 148; Pinchbeck, 1977 [1930], p. 263-4 99 Ibid., p. 242 100 Ibid., p. 249 101 Ibid., p. 245 102 Ibid., p. 247 103 Ibid., p. 250-1 104 Burnette, 2008, p. 229 105 Hedley, M. (2019) Women of the Durham Coalfield. The History Press 106 Ibid., p. 17 107 Ibid., p. 9-16 108 Burnette, 2008, p. 225 109 Ibid., p. 225 110 Mokyr, 2009, p. 321 111 Felder, 2020, p. 350 112 Burnette, 2008, hoofdstuk 5 113 Ibid., p. 314 114 Horrell en Humphries, 1995; Horrell en Humphries, 1997 115 Burnette, 2008, p. 322 116 Ibid., p. 323 117 Horrell, Humphries en Weisdorf, 2021 118 Burnette, 2008 119 Krzanich, A. (2021) ‘Waged Worker or Unpaid Family Member?’,
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Women, Money and Markets Conference Paper 120 Amott en Matthaei, 1991, p. 322; Dublin, 1994, hoofdstuk 5 121 Amott en Matthaei, 1991, p. 321324 122 Rutterford, J. e.a. (2011) ‘Who comprised the nation of shareholders?, The Economic History Review 123 Rutterford, 2011 124 Felder, 2020, p. 475 125 Ibid., p. 489 126 Wallach, J. (2012) The Richest Woman in America. Anchor Books 127 Wallach, 2012, p. 14 128 Ibid. 129 Ibid., p. xix 130 Wallach, 2022; Felder, 2020, p. 489 131 Wallach, 2022, p. xix; Felder, 2020, p. 489 132 Elbirlik, L.K. (2021) ‘Ottoman Women Investors as Caretakers of the Family’, Women, Money and Markets Conference Paper 133 Zarinebaf-Shahr, F. (2001) ‘The role of women in the urban economy of Istanbul, 1700-1850’, International Labor and WorkingClass History hoofdstuk 10 1 Evans, M. (2020) Making Respectable Women. Palgrave Macmillan, p. 20 2 Oxley, 1996, p. 17, 110 3 Ibid., p. 17 4 Ibid., p. 241 5 Beckett, G.W. (2013) A Population History of Colonial New South Wales. Colonial Press, p. 20-1 6 Oxley, 1996, p. 17 7 Ibid., p. 20 8 Ibid., p. 20 9 Ibid., p. 260-1 10 Ibid., p. 262 11 Ibid., p. 119, 235, 269 12 Ibid., p. 264 13 Beckett, 2013, p. 37-40 14 Oxley, 1996, p. 239
15 Ibid., p. 242 16 Ibid.; Nicholas, S. (1989) Convict Workers. Cambridge University Press; Alford, 1984 17 Ibid., p. 235-240 18 Beckett, 2013, p. 20 19 Dallas, 1946 20 Oxley, 1996, p. 109 21 Ibid., p. 110 22 Alford, 1984 23 Alford, 1984 24 Jacobs, M.D. (2005) ‘Maternal colonialism: White Women and Indigenous Child Removal in the American West and Australia, 1880-1940’, The Western Historical Quarterly, p. 454 25 Ibid., p. 454 26 Ibid., p. 458 27 Ibid., p. 459; Adams, D.W. (1995) Education for Extinction. University Press of Kansas, p. 63 28 Mayhew en Hemyng, 1861, p. 68 29 Ibid. 30 Kumar, L. (2017) ‘Ching Shih’, in L. Kumar (red.) Encyclopedia of World Biography. Gale 31 Ibid. 32 Elvin, M. (2004) Retreat of the Elephants. Yale University Press, p. 23 33 Sommer, M.H. (2015) Polyandry and Wife-Selling in Qing Dynasty China. University of California Press 34 Harris, C. en McKenna, C. (2021) ‘Ching Shih and the Pirates of the South China Coast’, Global History of Capitalism Project, Oxford Centre for Global History, 20, p. 4 35 Ibid. 36 Ibid., p. 5 37 Zie (ook voor het volgende onderwerp): Harris & McKenna, 2021 38 Ibid., p. 6 39 Ibid., p. 12 40 Ibid., p. 13 41 Ibid., p. 13 42 Dalrymple, 2020, p. xxxi
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43 Dalrymple, 2020, p. xxxi 44 uk Parliament, ‘East India Company and Raj 1785-1858’: www. parliament.uk 45 Liddle, J. en Joshi, R. (1985) ‘Gender and imperialism in British India’, South Asia Research 46 Levine, 2003, p. 182 47 Ibid., p. 180 48 Ibid., p. 180-185 49 Mayhew en Hemyng, 1861, p. 57 50 Levine, 2003, p. 179 51 Ibid. p. 185 52 Ibid., p. 185 53 Ibid., p. 185 54 Ibid., p. 195 55 Ibid., p. 38 56 Ibid., p. 40-1 57 Ibid., p. 181 58 Ibid., p. 181 59 Jacobs, 2005, p. 463 60 Geciteerd in Jacobs, 2005, p. 475 61 Levine, 2003, p. 181 62 G.T. Badsen, geciteerd in Ekejiuba, 1967, p. 634 63 Achebe, 2020 64 Ibid., p. 100 65 Ibid., p. 113-4 66 Ibid., p. 102, 107 67 Jones, H. (2013) The Métis of Senegal. Indiana University Press, p. 182 68 Parker en Rathbone, 2007, p. 88 69 Ndzamela, P. (2021) Native Merchants: The Building of the Black Business Class in South Africa. Tafelberg 70 Badawi, 2024, p. 337 71 Parker en Rathbone, 2007, p. 88 72 Ibid., p. 82 73 Wheeler, D. (2011) ‘Santos e Silva, Ana Joaquina dos’, in H.L. Gates, E. Akyeampong en S.J. Niven (red.) The Dictionary of African Biography. Oxford University Press 74 Yemitan, Ọ. (1987) Madame Tinubu: Merchant and King-Maker. University Press 75 Ekejiuba, 1967, p. 637 76 Ekejiuba, 1967, p. 645-6
77 Ekejiuba, 1967, p. 640; Achebe, 2020, p. 111 78 Ekejiuba, 1967 79 Ndzamela, 2021 80 Abraham, K.N. en Woolf, J. (2022) Black Victorians. Duckworth, p. 32-3 81 Ndzamela, 2021 82 Ibid. 83 Ibid. 84 Ibid. 85 Ibid. 86 Ibid. 87 Webb, D.A. (2023) ‘Commanding the respect of all who knew her’, Social Dynamics 88 Cock, J. (1980) Maids and Madams. Raven Press 89 Wells, J.C. (1983) ‘Why Women Rebel’, Journal of Southern African Studies 90 Kimble, J. en Unterhalter, E. (1982) ‘‘We opened the road for you, you must go forward’: ANC Women’s struggles, 1912-1982’, Feminist Review; Unterhalter, E. (1987) Forced Removal. Canon Collins House hoofdstuk 11 1 Ortiz-Ospina, Tzvetkova en Roser, 2024 2 Ibid.; Goldin, 1990, p. 17 3 Glucksmann, 1990, p. 84 4 Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 113 5 Kenez, P. (2017) A history of the Soviet Union from the beginning to its legacy. Cambridge University Press 6 Beevor, A. (2022) Russia. Weidenfeld & Nicolson 7 Kenez, 2017, p. 15 8 Ibid. 9 Ibid., p. 16 10 Ibid., p. 15 11 Beevor en Rogers, 2023 12 Kenez, 2017, p. 24 13 Ibid., p. 25 14 Ibid., p. 25; Beevor, 2022 15 Beevor en Rogers, 2023
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Klimina, 2019, p. 116 Ibid. Ibid. Ibid., p. 117 Ibid. Ibid., p. 121 Novikova en Ghodsee, 2023, p. 74 Klimina, 2019, p. 121-2; Novikova en Ghodsee, 2023, p. 75 Kenez, 2017, p. 70; Engel, 2004, p. xviii-xix Goldman, 2011, p. xvii, 286 King, D. (2012) Russian revolutionary posters. Tate, p. 82-3 Goldman, 2011, p. 1 Ibid., p. 11 Engel, 2004, p. 164 Novikova en Ghodsee, 2023, p. 79 Engel, 2004, p. 154 Ibid., p. 163 Goldman, 2011, p. 5 Ibid., p. 19 Ibid., p. 5, 8; Engel, 2004, p. 152-3 Goldman, 2011, p. 23 Denisova, 2018, p. 152 Kenez, 2017, p. 94 Denisova, 2018, p. 152, 155 Ibid., p. 154 Kenez, 2017, p. 114 Denisova, 2018, p. 153 Ibid., p. 150 Kenez, 2017, p. 100 Ibid., p. 96 Ibid., p. 95 Ibid., p. 115-6 Ibid., p. 115 Engel, 2004, p. 162 Kenez, 2017, p. 117 Engel, 2004, p. xix Denisova, 2018, p. 153 Kenez, 2017, p. 108 Ibid., p. 119 Ibid., p. 109 Klimina, 2019, p. 123 Ibid., p. 124 Galbraith, J.K. (2021) The Great Crash, 1929. Penguin, p. 30 Crafts, N. (2018) Forging Ahead, Falling Behind and Fighting Back. Cambridge University Press, p. 38
60 Galbraith, 2021, p. 32 61 Ibid., p. 31; Goldin, 1990, p. 106 62 Bierman, H. (2008) ‘The 1929 Stock Market Crash’, eh.Net Encyclopedia. Red. R. Whaples. Economic History Association 63 Felder, 2020, p. 499 64 Milkman, 2016, p. 17; Desilver, D. (2023) ‘Most US bank failures have come in a few big waves’, Pew Research Center 65 Milkman, 2016, p. 23-4 66 Stanley, z.d.; Goldin, 1990, p. 106 67 Stanley, z.d. 68 Ibid. 69 Goldin, 1990, p. 106 70 Glucksmann, 1990 71 Milkman, 2016, p. 21 72 Ibid., p. 23 73 Ibid., p. 23 74 Goldin, 1990, p. 162 75 Ibid., p. 161-4 76 Ibid., p. 165-6 77 Milkman, 2016, p. 25 78 Ibid., p. 25 79 Ibid., p. 27 80 Ibid., p. 33 81 Ibid., p. 32 82 us Department of Labor, 1944 83 Ibid., p. 1 84 Ibid., p. 2 85 Thompson, G. e.a. (2012) ‘Olympic Britain.’ House of Commons Library, p. 81; Goldin, 1990, p. 153 86 Milkman, 2016, p. 31-2 87 Ibid., p. 34 88 Glucksmann, 1990, p. 55 89 Ibid., p. 47-50 90 Blau e.a., 2016, p. 80 91 Ortiz-Ospina en Roser, 2023 92 Blackburn, S. (1995) ‘How useful are feminist theories of the welfare state?’, Women’s History Review, p. 373 93 Ibid., p. 371 94 Ibid., 1995, p. 376-7 95 Cribb, J., Disney, R. en Sibieta, L. (2014) ‘The public sector workforce: past, present and future’, ifs Briefing Note, p. 14
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96 Ibid. 97 Felder, 2020, p. 485, 491 98 In 1987 (Felder, 2020, p. 502) 99 Felder, 2020, p. 474 100 Smith, 2021, p. 76-7 101 Felder, 2020, p. 478-9 102 Ibid., p. 479 103 Ibid., p. 489-90, 504-5 104 Blau e.a., 2016, p. 117 105 Goldin, 1990; Iglikowski, 2015; Stanley, z.d. 106 Goldin, 1990, p. 17 107 Thompson e.a., 2012, p. 81 108 Ibid., 2012, p. 81 109 Goldin, 1990 110 Blau e.a. 2016, p. 84 111 Ibid., p. 404 112 Goldin, 1990, p. 201; Phizacklea, 1982 113 Boustan, L.P. en Collins, W. (2013) ‘The Origins and Persistence of Black-White Differences in Women’s Labor Force Participation,’ nber Working Paper 114 Goldin, 1990, p. 27 115 Phizacklea, 1982, p. 103 116 Goldin, 1990, p. 201 117 Felder, 2020, p. 476 118 Card, E. (1980) ‘Women, Housing Access, and Mortgage Credit’, Signs, p. 218 119 uk Parliament (1968) ‘Ford strike report’: www.parliament. uk/about/living-heritage/ transformingsociety/ tradeindustry/ industrycommunity/collections/ equal-pay/ford-strike/ 120 Ibid. 121 Moss, J. (2015) ‘“We didn’t realise how brave we were at the time”: the 1968 Ford sewing machinists’ strike in public and personal memory’, Oral History 122 Ibid. 123 tuc, z.d. 124 Goldin, 1990, p. 198-201 125 Chapman, J.R. (1975) ‘Women’s Access to Credit’, Challenge, p. 40
126 Ibid., p. 44 127 Ibid., p. 44 128 Ibid., p. 43 129 Smith, 2021, p. 103 130 Castagnetti, S. en Haines, E. (2023) ‘Ogu Umunwanyi, Ekong Iban, Women’s War’, National Archives 131 Bharat, 2019, p. 27 132 Zie www.un.org/dppa/ decolonization/en/about 133 Kabeer, 2004, p. 5 134 Ibid. 135 Ibid. 136 Wood, A. (1991) ‘North-South Trade and Female Labour in Manufacturing’, Journal of Development Studies 137 Standing, G. (1989) ‘Global feminization through flexible labor’, World Development 138 Beneria, L. (2007)‘ Gender and the social construction of markets’, in I. van Staveren e.a. (red.) The Feminist Economics of Trade. Routledge 139 Handley, L. (2017) ‘Zhang Xin: The woman who built Beijing’, cnbc 140 Ko, D. (1994) Teachers of the Inner Chambers. Stanford University Press 141 Phillips, T. (2017) ‘In China women “hold up half the sky” but can’t touch the political glass ceiling’, Guardian 142 Fincher, 2023, p. 127-8 143 Ibid. 144 Handley, 2017 145 Ibid. 146 Ibid. 147 Ibid. 148 Ibid. 149 Ibid. 150 Ibid. 151 Hu, Z. en Khan, M. (1997) ‘Why Is China Growing So Fast?’, International Monetary Fund; Wereldbank (2022), ‘Four Decades of Poverty Reduction in China’ 152 Handley, 2017 153 Crafts, 2018, p. 2-3, 79-85
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154 Ibid., p. 91 155 Ibid., p. 108 156 Ibid., p. 115-7, 121 157 Science Museum (2020) ‘Women in Computing’: www.sciencemuseum. org.uk/objects-and-stories/ women-computing 158 ‘Mary W. Jackson’, nasa: People: www.nasa.gov/people/mary-wjackson-biography/ 159 Felder, 2020, p. 495 160 Ibid., p. 504 161 Ibid., p. 486 162 Hasell, 2023 163 Goldin, 2023 164 Ibid. 165 Blau e.a., 2016, p. 404 166 Fukuyama, F. (1989) ‘The End of History?’, The National Interest hoofdstuk 12 1 Bogachev, I. (2023) ‘How The Growing Creative Economy Will Soon Devour The Real Economy’, Forbes 2 Torkington, S. (2023) ‘These are the world’s leading science and technology hotspots’, World Economic Forum 3 Kharas, H.J. (2023) The Rise of the Global Middle Class. Brookings Institution Press 4 Wereldbank, 2024, p. xiii-xiv 5 Krugman, P. (2009) ‘How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?’, New York Times 6 Greenspan, A. (2007) The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World. Penguin 7 Lazarus, D. (2014) ‘Canary Wharf boss sees future in creative campus’, Financial News 8 Collinson, D.L. (1987) ‘Banking on Women: Selection Practices in the Finance Sector’, Personnel Review, p. 13 9 Suss, J., Angeli, M. en Eckley, P. (2021) ‘Gender, age and nationality diversity in uk banks’, Bank of England
10 Suss e.a., 2021 11 King, H. (2024) ‘Women in banking and finance: How has it transformed in twenty years?’, Freshminds 12 Suss e.a. (2021); Cardillo, G., Onali, E. en Torluccio, G. (2020) ‘Does gender diversity on banks’ boards matter?’, Journal of Corporate Finance; Arnaboldi, F. e.a. (2021) ‘Gender diversity and bank misconduct’, Journal of Corporate Finance 13 Lazarus, 2014; Federal Reserve (2024) ‘The Labor Market for Recent College Graduates’ 14 Federal Reserve, 2024 15 Athey, S. en Luca, M. (2019) ‘Why Tech Companies Hire So Many Economists’, Harvard Business Review 16 Scott, K. (2023) ‘Behind the Tech with Kevin Scott: Mira Murati, Chief Technology Officer, OpenAI’, Microsoft 17 Scott, 2023 18 Ibid. 19 OpenAI, 2024 20 Kay, G. en Jackson, S. (2024) ‘The history of OpenAI’, Business Insider 21 Blackburn, J. (2024) ‘AI Everywhere: Transforming Our World, Empowering Humanity – a Conversation with Mira Murati’, Dartmouth College 22 Young, E., Wajcman, J. en Sprejer, L. (2021) ‘Where are the Women? Mapping the Gender Job Gap in AI’, The Alan Turing Institute 23 Ibid. 24 Google (2021) ‘We’re listening, learning, and taking action’, Diversity Report, p. 57-8 25 Royle, O.R. (2023) ‘Facebook parent Meta still pays women in the U.K. en Ireland less than men and gives them much smaller bonuses’, Fortune; Meta (2022) ‘Embracing Change Through Inclusion’, Diversity Report
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26 Apple (2024) ‘Inclusion & Diversity’, www.apple.com/ diversity/ 27 Microsoft (2023) ‘Global Diversity & Inclusion Report 2023’, p. 9, 17 28 Eurostat (2020) ‘Girls and women among ict students: what do we know?’, European Union 29 Brixi, H., Porter Peschka, M. en Qiang, C.Z. (2023) ‘She can too: upskilling girls today for the digital jobs of tomorrow’, World Bank Blogs 30 PwC, 2017 31 Brixi e.a., 2023 32 Baral, 2024 33 Park, A. (2023) ‘2023’s Fiercest Women in Life Sciences’, fierce Pharma 34 Pfizer (2023) ‘Pfizer Completes Acquisition of Seagen’, persbericht 35 Seagen (2022) ‘Who we are’, Seagen. com 36 Nature Biotechnology (2023) ‘Women build strength in numbers’; uk Bioindustry Association (2023) ‘Diversity and Inclusion in uk Biotech’ 37 Nature Biotechnology (2023) ‘Generating ‘smarter’ biotechnology’ 38 Nature Biotechnology (2024) ‘Growing community across the C-suite’ 39 Fletcher, E. (2024) ‘How we can support female entrepreneurs to thrive in biotech’, insider.co.uk 40 Morrow, B. (2024) ‘All the records Taylor Swift has broken’, The Week 41 Ibid. 42 Ibid. 43 Martin, D.S. (2024) ‘The World’s Celebrity Billionaires 2024’, Forbes 44 unesco (2022) ‘Re|shaping policies for creativity’ 45 Department for Culture, Media and Sport (2023) ‘Ambitious plans to grow the economy and boost creative industries’, persbericht
46 Ibid. 47 Buckholtz, A. (2021) ‘The Creative Economy Takes Center Stage’, International Finance Corporation 48 Bogachev, 2023 49 Buckholtz, 2021 50 Conteh, M. (2021) ‘Spotify’s SubSaharan Africa Head of Music Phiona Okumu’, Rolling Stone 51 Buckholtz, 2021 52 unesco (2021) ‘Gender & Creativity’, p. 14 53 unido (2013) ‘Women in Creative Industries’, Gender Newsletter 54 unesco, 2021, p. 17 55 Statista (2024) ‘Distribution of movie directors in the United States from 2011 to 2023, by gender’ 56 Baer, S. (2023) ‘2023-2024 Season: By the Numbers’, Women’s Philharmonic Advocacy 57 unesco, 2022, p. 36 58 Dattani, S. e.a. (2023) ‘Life Expectancy’, Ourworldindata.org 59 Roser, 2024 60 Ritchie, H. en Roser, M. (2024) ‘Age Structure’, Ourworldindata.org 61 ilo & who (2022) ‘The gender pay gap in the health and care sector: a global analysis in the time of covid-19’, p. viii 62 Skills for Care (2023) ‘The state of the adult social care sector and workforce in England’ 63 Harris, B.H. en Marshall, L. (2024) ‘Immigration to address the caregiving shortfall’, Brookings Institution 64 Ibid. 65 Homer, A. (2022) ‘Growth in nhs recruits from abroad prompts concern about over-reliance’, bbc News 66 Ibid. 67 Grimley, N. en Horrox, C. (2023) ‘Ghana patients in danger as nurses head for nhs in uk – medics’, bbc News 68 Ibid. 69 Ibid.
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70 ilo & who, 2022, p. viii, 79-80 71 Ibid., p. viii 72 Irvine, G., Johnson, S. en Spacey, B. (2024) ‘The Real Living Wage in Social Care’, Living Wage Foundation with iipr, p. 12 73 Ibid. 74 Carlin, D. (2024) ‘Hunger strike to end 24-hour home health aide shifts ends after 5 days’, cbs News 75 Nadasen, 2015, p. 4; Blofield, M. en Jokela, M. (2018) ‘Paid domestic work and the struggles of care workers in Latin America’, Current Sociology 76 Nadasen, 2015, p. 1 77 Ibid. 78 Blofield & Jokela, 2018 79 ilo – Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) 80 Thomas, C., McNeil, C. en Gandon, A. (2023) ‘Finding hope’, ippr; ilo, 2018 81 ilo, 2018 82 Ibid., p. vii 83 Ibid., p. 98 84 Ibid., p. 99 85 Blau e.a., 2016, p. 122 86 Verenigde Naties (2020) ‘The World’s Women 2020: Trends and Statistics’ 87 Esping-Anderson, 2009 88 ilo, 2018, p. 101; Edlund & Öun, 2023 89 ilo, 2018, p. 98 90 Regan, H. (2024) ‘The world’s 100 worst polluted cities are in Asia – and 83 of them are in just one country’, cnn 91 Stern, N. en Romani, M. (2023) ‘The global growth story of the 21st century’, London School of Economics and Political Science and Systemiq 92 Ibid. 93 Ibid. 94 Ibid. 95 Ibid. 96 International Energy Agency (2023) ‘Putting Gender Equality
at the Heart of the Clean Energy Transition’ 97 Ibid. 98 The London Sustainable Development Commission (2018) ‘Women in Cleantech’, Greater London Authority, p. 25 99 The Engineer (2024) ‘Q&A: Carolyn Hicks, cfo/coo and cofounder at Brill Power’ 100 Devonshire, J. (2024) ‘The only woman in the room: Brill Power’s Carolyn Hicks on getting more females into stem’, The Manufacturer 101 Ibid. 102 International Energy Agency (2023) ‘World Energy Outlook 2023’ 103 Wereldbank, 2022; Kharas, 2023 104 ilo, 2016, p. 6; Halim, D. (2020) ‘Women entrepreneurs needed – stat!’, World Bank Blogs 105 ilo, 2016; unfpa, 2021, p. 31; cnn tracker: https://edition.cnn.com/ us/ abortion-access-restrictionsbans-us-dg/ index.html 106 Harris, B. (2017) ‘What the Pay Gap between Men and Women Really Looks Like’, World Economic Forum conclusie 1 Wiesner-Hanks, 2019, p. 61 2 Price, N.S. (2022) The Children of Ash and Elm. Penguin, p. 391-2 3 Spreuken, 31:10-25. Geciteerd uit Barber, 1995, p. 184 4 Cohen, 2016, p. 716 5 Goldin, 1990, p. 46 6 Mercedes-Benz (2019) ‘Bertha Benz: The Journey That Changed Everything’, YouTube; MercedesBenz usa (2018) ‘Bertha Benz: The First Driver’, YouTube 7 Ibid. 8 Clean Energy Research Centre ubc (2017) ‘Women and Innovation: The Bertha Benz Story’, YouTube 9 Mercedes-Benz usa, 2018 10 Goldin, 1990, p. 44
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11 Felder, 2020, p. 495-6 12 Goldin, 1990, p. 48-9 13 Leke, A. e.a. (2023), ‘The secrets of outperforming family-owned businesses’, McKinsey & Company 14 Barker, H. (2006) The Business of Women. Oxford University Press, p. 56 15 Heuvel, 2007 16 Felder, 2020, p. 476 17 Masterson, V. (2024) ‘Women founders and venture capital – some 2023 snapshots’, World Economic Forum 18 Kanze, D. e.a. (2017) ‘Male and Female Entrepreneurs Get Asked Different Questions by VCs’, Harvard Business Review 19 Wereldbank: https://data. worldbank. org/indicator/ SL.EMP. SELF.FE.ZS 20 Halim, 2020 21 Muckerheide, M. (2023) ‘The finance gap for women entrepreneurs is $1.7 trillion. Here’s how to close it’, World Economic Forum 22 Ibid.; Halim, 2020 23 Wereldbank, 2024 24 Muckerheide, 2023 25 Wereldwijd heeft net iets meer dan de helft van de beroepsbevolking een baan in loondienst. (ilo, 2016, p. 8) 26 Mokyr, 2009, p. 321 27 Robinson, 2020, p. 4 28 Mark, 2017 29 Davidson, L. (2022) ‘Agnodice of Athens’, HistoryHit; KesslerHarris, 2003, p. 116 30 Stanley, z.d. 31 Maxtone Graham, 2023, p. 258-9, 265 32 Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 113-4 33 Ibid., p. 114 34 Zie de ilo-databank 35 Murray e.a., 2020 36 De Moor en Van Zanden, 2009 37 Kessler-Harris, 2003, p. 68 38 Blau e.a., 2016, p. 117
39 ilo, 2018 40 Ibid. 41 Humphries, J. (2024) ‘res 2024 Annual Public Lecture: Do Economists Care?,’ Royal Economic Society 42 Barrero, J. M e.a. (2022) ‘The shift to remote work lessens wagegrowth pressures,’ nber Working Paper 43 McCormick, 2001, p. 741-2; Raffield, B. (2019) ‘The slave markets of the Viking world’, Slavery & Abolition 44 Pomeroy, 1975, p. 26 45 Bharat, 2019, p. 28 46 Parker en Rathbone, 2007, p. 79 47 Schiel, 2023, p. 183 48 Zarinebaf-Shahr, 2001 49 Crawford en Gowing, 2000, p. 81 50 Earle, 1989, p. 337, 339 51 Ibid., p. 337 52 Horrell, Humphries en Weisdorf, 2021 53 Erickson, 2008 54 Muncaster, J. (2003) ‘“Six Foote of Shop Roome”: Women as Subjects in the Records of the Royal Exchange in the 1690s’, Masterscriptie, Birkbeck 55 Erickson, 2022 56 Nyyssölä, M. (2022) ‘Bride price or dowry?,’ unu-wider Blog 57 Hudson e.a., 2020, p. 60 58 Nyyssölä, 2022 59 Marx, K. (1890), Capital, volume 1, deel iv, hoofdstuk 15, sectie 3 60 Novikova en Ghodsee, 2023, p. 67 61 Calvi en Keskar, 2021 62 Adams, A., e.a. (2024) ‘The Dynamics of Abusive Relationships,’ The Quarterly Journal of Economics 63 Ibid. 64 Brosius, M. (2016) ‘No reason to hide’, in S.L. Budin en J.M. Turfa (red.) Women in Antiquity. Routledge, p. 167 65 Barber, 1995, p. 181 66 Mieroop, 1989, p. 64
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67 Romano, 2020, p. 304 68 Rose, 1993 , p. 24 69 Goldman, 2011, p. 16; Ilic, 2018, p. 108 70 ilo, 2016 71 Ibid., met name p. 23-7
72 Wereldbank, 2024, p. xiv 73 Geldard, R. (2024) ‘Gender Gap: This is the state of work for women in 2024’, World Economic Forum 74 Molony e.a., 2016, p. 150; Kenez, 2017, p. 15
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