LEGAL RESEARCH FOR NOW AND TOMORROW A collective work on current mexican law matters
COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO DE LA EDITORIAL TIRANT LO BLANCH MARÍA JOSÉ AÑÓN ROIG
Catedrática de Filosofía del Derecho de la Universidad de Valencia
ANA CAÑIZARES LASO Catedrática de Derecho Civil de la Universidad de Málaga
JORGE A. CERDIO HERRÁN
Catedrático de Teoría y Filosofía de Derecho. Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México
JOSÉ RAMÓN COSSÍO DÍAZ Ministro en retiro de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación y miembro de El Colegio Nacional
EDUARDO FERRER MAC-GREGOR POISOT Juez de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Investigador del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas de la UNAM
OWEN FISS Catedrático emérito de Teoría del Derecho de la Universidad de Yale (EEUU)
JOSÉ ANTONIO GARCÍA-CRUCES GONZÁLEZ Catedrático de Derecho Mercantil de la UNED
LUIS LÓPEZ GUERRA Catedrático de Derecho Constitucional de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
ÁNGEL M. LÓPEZ Y LÓPEZ
Catedrático de Derecho Civil de la Universidad de Sevilla
JAVIER DE LUCAS MARTÍN
Catedrático de Filosofía del Derecho y Filosofía Política de la Universidad de Valencia
VÍCTOR MORENO CATENA
Catedrático de Derecho Procesal de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
FRANCISCO MUÑOZ CONDE
Catedrático de Derecho Penal de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla
ANGELIKA NUSSBERGER
Catedrática de Derecho Constitucional e Internacional en la Universidad de Colonia (Alemania). Miembro de la Comisión de Venecia
HÉCTOR OLASOLO ALONSO
Catedrático de Derecho Internacional de la Universidad del Rosario (Colombia) y Presidente del Instituto Ibero-Americano de La Haya (Holanda)
LUCIANO PAREJO ALFONSO
Catedrático de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
TOMÁS SALA FRANCO
Catedrático de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social de la Universidad de Valencia
IGNACIO SANCHO GARGALLO
Magistrado de la Sala Primera (Civil) del Tribunal Supremo de España
TOMÁS S. VIVES ANTÓN
Catedrático de Derecho Penal de la Universidad de Valencia
MARTA LORENTE SARIÑENA RUTH ZIMMERLING
Catedrática de Historia del Derecho de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Catedrática de Ciencia Política de la Universidad de Mainz (Alemania)
Procedimiento de selección de originales, ver página web: www.tirant.net/index.php/editorial/procedimiento-de-seleccion-de-originales
LEGAL RESEARCH FOR NOW AND TOMORROW A collective work on current mexican law matters
Ángel Guillermo Ruiz Moreno (Coordinator) Translated by: Lic. Manuel Romero Gómez and Dr. Ángel Edoardo Ruiz Buenrostro. Original Title: Investigación jurídica para ahora y mañana: Un trabajo colectivo sobre la actualidad del Derecho mexicano.
tirant lo blanch Ciudad de México, 2021
Copyright ® 2021 Todos los derechos reservados. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro puede reproducirse o transmitirse por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico, incluyendo fotocopia, grabación magnética, o cualquier almacenamiento de información y sistema de recuperación sin permiso escrito de los autores y del editor. En caso de erratas y actualizaciones, la Editorial Tirant lo Blanch publicará la pertinente corrección en la página web www.tirant.com/mex.
© Varios Autores
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UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA RED UNIVERSITARIA DE JALISCO Dr. Ricardo Villanueva Lomelí Rector General
Dr. Héctor Raúl Solís Gadea Vicerrectoría Ejecutiva
MTRO. GUILLERMO ARTURO GÓMEZ MATA Secretario General
Centro Universitario de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades: DR. JUAN MANUEL DURÁN JUÁREZ Rector
MTRA. ANA MARÍA DE LA O CASTELLANOS PINZÓN Secretaría Académica
LIC. XÓCHITL FERRER SANDOVAL Secretaría Administrativa
DR. JOSÉ DE JESÚS BECERRA RAMÍREZ Director de la División de Estudios Jurídicos
DR. ÁNGEL GUILLERMO RUIZ MORENO Coordinador del Doctorado en Derecho
EDITORIAL BOARD The members of the Editorial Board named below were involved in the “doubleblind review”. The double-blind process of every one of the works published in this book, according to their expertise in the corresponding legal area; its translated and reviewed by our internal translation team. MEMBERS OF THE ACADEMIC BOARD AND THE DOCTORAL PROGRAM DR. ÁNGEL GUILLERMO RUIZ MORENO. Member of the National Researchers System, SNI Level III.
DR. JOSÉ DE JESÚS BECERRA RAMÍREZ Member of the National Researchers System, SNI Level I.
DR. ADRIÁN JOAQUÍN MIRANDA CAMARENA Member of the National Researchers System, SNI Level I.
DRA. RAQUEL GUTIÉRREZ NÁJERA. Member of the National Researchers System, SNI Level I.
DR. LUIS ANTONIO CORONA NAKAMURA Member of the National Researchers System, SNI Level I.
DR. ROGELIO BARBA ÁLVAREZ Member of the National Researchers System, SNI Level II.
MIEMBRO EXTERNO DEL PDD DRA. IRMA LETICIA LEAL MOYA. Full-time Associate Professor in Universidad de Guadalajara
DOUBLE BLIND EXAMINERS. DR. CARLOS REYNOSO CASTILLO Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, SNI, Level III.
DRA. GABRIELA MENDIZÁBAL BERMÚDEZ Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, SNI, Level II.
DR. JULIO ISMAEL CAMACHO SOLÍS Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, SNI, Level II.
Contents PREFACE............................................................................................ 13 Ángel Guillermo Ruiz Moreno
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW THE RIGHT TO THE VITAL MINIMUM: ITS APPLICABILITY AND VIOLATION BEFORE TAX................................................................... 21 Adrián Joaquin Miranda Camarena y Ana Lilia Iñiguez Contreras
FROM THE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER TO THE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE HYDRIC RESOURCES: THE CASE OF THE CROSS-BORDER TREATY OF WATER IN 1994................................... 35 Raquel Gutiérrez Nájera
THE CONSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY OF THE STATES OF THE REPUBLIC JUSTIFIES THE CREATION OF LOCAL CONSTITUTIONAL COURTS.............................................................................................. 59 Jorge Chaires Zaragoza
DISTRIBUTION OF WATER AND ITS LEGISLATION: INEQUITY IN MEXICO AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT....................................... 73 Daniel Alejandro González del Rincón
CRIMINAL LAW IS IT NECESSARY TO ACCREDIT THE EXISTENCE OF A CONTEXTUAL ELEMENT IN THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE?.......................................... 91 Arturo Villarreal Palos
DETERMINING FACTORS AS A MEASURE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIMES IN ADOLESCENTS........................................................... 101 Rogelio Barba Álvarez
A DEONTIC MODEL FOR CITIZEN SECURITY.................................... 117 Pedro Javier Carrasco Rueda Quijano
THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE, MEXICO’S COMPARATIVE FRAMEWORK WITH THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS.............................................................. 127 Javier Alberto García González
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LEGAL REPRESENTATION THROUGH LEGAL ADVISORY FOR VICTIMS OF CRIMES AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS............... 145 Kristyan Felype Luis Navarro
LABOR LAW KEY CONCEPTS IN RELATION TO THE 2019 MEXICAN LABOR REFORM AND THE TRANSITIONS TOWARDS SPECIALIZED LABOR AND SOCIAL SECURITY COURTS...................................................... 159 Ángel Edoardo Ruiz Buenrostro
THE RIGHT TO HEALTH AND ALTERNATIVE JUSTICE IN MEXICO.... 181 Laura Fabiola Machuca Martínez
THE ROLE OF THE JUDICIARY IN THE FACE OF VULNERABILITY OF THE MIGRANT WORKER IN MEXICO................................................ 197 Kenya Yasbeth Aguilar Cisneros
PHILOSOPHY OF LAW BUDGET AND PUBLIC POLICIES TO GUARANTEE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. CONSIDERATIONS FOR ITS FORECAST, OPERATION AND EVALUATION...................................................................................... 211 José de Jesús Becerra Ramírez y Irma Salas Benítez
ON THE CONCEPT AND FOUNDATION OF THE HUMAN RIGHT TO ALTERNATIVE JUSTICE....................................................................... 225 Alejandro César Antonio Luna Bernal
HISTORY OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN IN THE PUBLIC SPHERES IN MEXICO......................................................................... 243 Luis Antonio Corona Nakamura y Maria del Rocío Villaseñor Corona
THE INTERPRETIVE ARGUMENTATION IN ELECTORAL COURT DECISIONS. THE ZAPOPAN CASE...................................................... 257 Hilda Villanueva Lomelí
CORPORATE LAW THE PRINCIPLES OF TAX JUSTICE INTERPRETED ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF CONSTITUTIONAL RESTRICTIONS........................ 275 Juan Carlos de Obeso Orendáin
CORPORATE CRIMINALITY IN MEXICO, CRIMINAL LIABILITY. SHELL COMPANIES............................................................................ 287 Estefanía de Jesús Rodríguez Ávila
PREFACE
It has been a challenge, but also an honor and pride to take part in the creation of this joint book in English. Internationalization of the law perspectives and its inevitable comparison with local regulation may be the future to law science development, especially in our north American context. This collection of paper shows a collective effort to continue cultivating high-quality legal research. The context of these investigations responds, as all academic works should, to the need of preventing legal science from becoming obsolete due to the constant change in political, social, economic and cultural aspects. Proof of this is that the COVID-19 pandemic has taken the entire globe by surprise and generated an indelible impact on our reality and that of future generations. And precisely, because more phenomena such as Covid-19 may be just around the corner and surprise us again, the advancement of legal science must not be stopped. The Doctorate Program in Law Research at the University of Guadalajara, the second most important public institute of higher education in Mexico, is a graduate program committed to the education of high-quality doctors in Law, who at the same time strengthen the country’s legal research with innovating contributions in different topics of interest. The program is currently combining nationally and internationally and has the recognition as a Developing Program in the National Register of Quality Postgraduate Programs of the National Council of Science and Technology (PNPC-CONACYT), allowing to reinforce and keep collaboration links among the different generations that have walked in the hallways of our university: students, former students now holders of doctorate degree, and professors of the Academy Council of this Doctorate Program. This book represents an extraordinary example of the complexities of making ourselves clear in a foreign language. In most cases, a literal translation is not enough to explain the author point of view in this book, thus, both our translators with TOEFL C, have made their best
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efforts to maintain the best legal meaning possible, but inevitable there may be a few mishaps lost in translation and I strongly recommend that if this led to a confusion you contact the author directly to solve it. Other publications born in our classrooms are directed to publish the separate results of research obtained in each generation, but our program does not consist solely of researching to nurture a thesis needed for obtaining a doctorate degree; it also fosters the different concerns and interests of our students, teachers and alumni, from which the texts in this book have appeared. They are issues of yesterday, today and tomorrow; problems that directly affect our environment and, in many cases, still require a solution. The order in which we have decided to place the works first obeys a division into five streams of knowledge generation: Constitutional, Criminal, Labor, Legal Philosophy and Corporate Law. It should be noted that these five lines are developed mainly, but not exclusively, in our doctoral program, but with increasing frequency these research concerns are beginning to take a multidisciplinary approach, which is in turn reflected in the election of our courses and specific studies for each generation. Even when the titles of every work in this book are clear, I will explain a little more about them. In Constitutional law, the first work is an approach to the vital minimum by Adrián Joaquín Miranda and Ana Lilia Íñiguez, who analyzed how the government should set up measures to guarantee the right to a dignified life, specifically in the implementation of adequate regulations for the reality of our country at the time of consolidating a tax collection system. Access to water, a vital resource for everyone, is the concern of two of our colleagues. First, Raquel Gutiérrez shows how a transboundary water treaty between Mexico and the United States of America has been preserved as it was conceived in 1994, which has left many current problems out of consideration and exerts intense pressure about the water demands of that region. Daniel Alejandro González carries out a review of different constitutional documents with the goal of checking whether the way in which they guarantee access to water is being reflected both in reality and in words, along with what considerations are necessary to guarantee the fulfillment of this human right.
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Jorge Chaires makes also in this section a fervent research of the consolidation and construction of the Mexican government system, specifically, an investigation about the constitutional autonomy of the states of the Mexican Republic, which, due to conditions of the complexity of our country, continues to be under construction. Arturo Villarreal starts in the stream of Criminal Law sharing a substantial concern regarding the existence of evidence in a crime of genocide, an act that due to its characteristics should be judged in the same way at the local, state, federal or international level, always considering the elements of the crime. Rogelio Barba focuses his research on the need to carry out more analysis on the endogenous factors that lead adolescents to commit crimes, since in the criminological studies of our country the focus is on imposing greater punishments to prevent crimes rather than on modifying factors that can be decisive in these incidents. The right to citizen security is one of the objectives that Criminal Law seeks to achieve. Pedro Javier Carrasco explains how is it that the incorporation of different national and international documents into the daily life of Law have generated a deontic model that allows us to understand and guarantee this right in our country. Next is Javier García with his research on the presumption of innocence, a term that for Mexico appeared expressly in the 2008 reform, but it still requires to rely more on the experience of an international framework to achieve the incorporation of more accurate interpretations and fairness to our system. As of this same reform, the functions of the victims’ legal advisor are also incorporated as a mean to ensure the defense of the right of access to justice. Kristyan Felipe Luis explains in detail the obligations and competencies of this new figure at the national level and analyzes the way in which this inclusion is implemented in the national and state systems. In Labor Law section, Edoardo Ruiz rewrite himself directly in English and presents in detail the necessary bases to achieve the transition towards specialized courts in labor and social security matters, which is contemplated since 2017 constitutional reforms; this is essential knowledge for any law professional, who wishes to practice or understand the basics of whole new Mexican labor laws and its procedures. Laura Fabiola Machuca introduces the reader to
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the world of the right to health and one of the mechanisms that the Mexican State has implemented to achieve it: the settlement of these non-conformities through alternative justice. Kenya Yasbeth Aguilar, for her part, takes the migrant workers and their needs in our country as a starting point and explores how the judiciary is willing to act to guarantee their human rights. In the stream of Philosophy of Law, José de Jesús Becerra and Irma Salas point out the complex relationship between the allocation of a budget and the satisfactory implementation of the country’s public policies, which directly affects the well-being of society. Alejandro César Antonio Luna provides in his research solid points to consider that access to alternative means for conflict resolution should be essential for the guarantee and protection of human rights. Luis Antonio Corona and María del Rocío Villaseñor give us a strong historical analysis on the exclusion that occurs towards women in the public sphere, but they also focused on showing not only the existence of this problem, but how is it that the Law and the women’s involvement and participation have managed to transform this panorama, with much still to be done. The argumentation and interpretation are a particularly important basis for the Law practice; not only for the Philosophy of Law itself. Hilda Villanueva Lomelí takes on Weston’s Keys to argumentation and points out how these are present in the argumentative structure of a trial about the protection of electoral civil rights, illustrating this matter with the Zapopan City Case. In the last section, Corporate Law, Juan Carlos de Obeso performs a hermeneutical analysis of the constitutional restrictions in Mexico to define how they influence the principles of Taxation Justice in Mexico, explains how to self-determine some obligations and protect the right to property of taxpayers. And finally, the phenomenon of shell companies and criminal liability is analyzed by Estefanía de Jesús Rodríguez, with special attention to comparing the juridic provisions that are currently applicable in our country and abroad. I strongly thank every one of the authors of these papers, believing that they will continuing to contribute to the academic world with
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their investigation both to the development of our country and to the high academic quality of our Doctorate Degree in Law Research. Ángel Guillermo Ruiz Moreno Coordinator of the Doctorate Program in Law Research of the University of Guadalajara Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. February 5, 2021
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW