Research Paper
Education
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 4 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2018
POPULATION AWARENESS AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS OF DHEMAJI DISTRICT OF ASSAM: A STUDY 1
Dr. Ranu Pariyar | Dr. Bhabagrahi Pradhan 1 2
2
Associate Professor, Department of Education, Dhemaji Commerce College, Assam. Assistant Professor, Department of Education, JainVishva Bharati Institute, (Deemed University), Ladnun, Rajasthan-341306
ABSTRACT The present research paper highlighted the population awareness among higher secondary levels school teachers in Dhemaji District of Assam. The present study has aimed to study gender wise and area wise the population awareness among teachers. The present Research study encompasses among 50male teachers and 50 female school teachers in Dhimaji District of Assam. The researchers have done their Research work with using Descriptive survey method and Random sampling techniques. In this study attempts to highlights the ethics of Population education awareness for secondary levels teacher of Assam in democratic country like India. The study focused various intervention of population programme i.e. literacy, health, small family norms, population growth awareness. The researcher used “t” test for calculating the significant means difference between male and female teachers of both urban and rural secondary schools. The group of investigators found that, urban teachers have more population awareness than rural teachers and Female teachers have more literacy and small family norms awareness than Male teachers. KEY WORDS: Population Awareness, Demographic Profile, Gender, Higher Secondary School, Equilibrium. INTRODUCTION: Education makes a man needful and perfect through awareness. India is the second highest populated country of the world. India possesses 2.4% of the total land area of the world whereas it accommodates 16% of the total population. India is a multi-cultural, multi-lingual, multi-religious, multi- social, and country of the world. So far as the population density is concerned it is mandatory to require to aware about the rapid growth of population & its consequences which are deeply influenced day to day life of the human development.. Realizing potential of education for resolving the problems of growing rate of population the ministry launched a population education programme with effect from 1980 designed to introduce population education in the formal educational system. There are some activities i.e curriculum & instructional development, training programmes, evaluation &research work etc. The Education Commission (1964-66) professed, “the destiny of India is now being shaped in her classrooms”. The population density of Assam is 497 persons per square kilometer. While the population of India rose to 1.21 billion Individuals in the course of the recent 10 years and there has been an expansion of 181 million as indicated by the new registration, the statistics report uncovered a few characteristic in the count and features population state of Assam. Population explosion, environment pollution and illiteracy have the seriously drawn the attention of all concerned with the welfare and survival of mankind. Philippines Conference in 1972 defines, "Population education is the process of developing awareness and understanding of population situation as well as rational attitude and behaviour towards that situation for the attainment of quality of life for the individual, the family, the community, the nation and world." Education places a great motivational force to perform for controlling over population. Suitable educational measure needs to adopt and promote desirable changes for the society. Population awareness creates an educational movement to understand the significance and benefits of small family norms which is very much necessary for the development of the family as a whole or an individual. Rationale of the study: Population explosion itself a great problem is more acute. After independence despite spectacular success in science, technology, agriculture, and industry we are still unable to taste the sweet fruit of development due to growth of population. The continuous Endeavour of the government to meet the growing needs of ever-growing population has quite affected the ecological equilibrium. To meet the human consumption, natural resources like coal, minerals, oil, forests etc. are going to be exhausted within 50 years. It is clearly visualized that, modern world without all these natural resources after 50 years. Ecological balance is the crying need of the. Literacy and its awareness is the only solution to resolve these problems and save the human society. In this context the researcher state the mind to accesses the population awareness regarding health, education and SocioEnvironmental condition of Dhimaji district of Assam state, India as a research work. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To study the population awareness among the higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District.
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To study the population awareness among the male and female higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District.
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To study the population awareness among the urban and rural higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District.
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY: Ho1: There is no significant difference in population awareness between male and female higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Ho2: There is no significant difference in population awareness between urban and rural higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Ho3: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between urban male and urban female in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Ho4: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between rural male and rural female in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Ho5: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between urban male and rural male in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Ho6: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between urban female and rural female in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Operational Definition: Population Awareness: Population awareness s an educational process in which a basic awareness about population problems and favorable attitudes towards a small family size are developed. Population awareness is required to control rapid population growth which leads the country in the form of development. Population Education: According to UNESCO population education is an educational proramme which is necessary for the development of the nation. It provides for a study of population situation of the family, the community, national and world, which the purpose of developing in the student rational and responsible attitudes and behaviour towards the situation. Higher Secondary level school teachers: Higher Secondary level indicates the class in between IX to XII class on the age group of 14 to 17 years. In this higher secondary school teacher indicates PGT and trained graduate training teachers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Method used for the study: The present research work is based on Descriptive survey. Self-made tools in the form of questionnaire in an evaluative form are prepared by the researcher for data collection. The researcher used Descriptive survey methods for compare different interventions i.e. gender and areas of Population awareness among senior secondary school teachers of Dhimaji district of Assam.
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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
46
Research Paper
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 4 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2018
Population and Materials : The total number of senior secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District as the sources of Government of Assam as per Census 2011 are total 511 teachers with the compound of 391 teachers as the junior college teachers and 120 higher secondary or senior secondary school teachers. As per the demographic Data Source: high & higher secondary schools, Rastriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RAMSA), junior college, Directorate of higher secondary education , Assam. The researcher has drawn50 male and 50 female senior secondary school teachers of Dhemaji district of Assam proportionately higher secondary level school teachers as a sample with using stratified random sampling techniques. The representation of the sample as given below: The description has given as follows: Table No. 1: Demographic Sample Profile Gender Wise Sample
Total No. of Sample
Male
Female
1. Urban Teachers
25
25
2. Rural Teachers
25
25
50
50
50
100
Total
50 From the above description df = N1 + N2 - 2= 98
ANALYSIS OF DATA, INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Ho1: There is no significant difference in population awareness between male and female higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Table No. 2: Gender-wise Awareness Comparison of Male Teachers and Female Teachers Gender
N
Mean
SD
Male
50
114.1
7.95
Female
50
106.6
10.6
SED 't' Value
Level of Significance
1.87
Significant** at both levels 0.05 & 0.01
4.01
't' table value < 't' calculated value 0.05 Level
1.98
Level 0.01
2.63
< 4.95
Thus, H0 (null hypothesis) is significant and rejected at both confidence levels i.e. 0.01 (99%) and 0.05 (95%). The researcher found the conclusion that, there are highly significant difference between urban teachers and rural teachers in term of their awareness. It can be concluded that, urban teachers have more population awareness than rural teachers of higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Again it is revealed that, possible due to the more external exposure for population awareness availing urban teachers than rural teachers.
** Significant at both 99% and 95% confidence levels. Ho3: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between urban male and urban female in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Table No. 4 Gender
N
Mean
Urban Male
25
115.4 9.15
Urban Female 25
112.8
SD 9.0
SED 't' Value
Level of Significance
2.57
Not Significant** at both levels 0.05 & 0.01
1.01
From the above description df = N1 + N2 - 2= 48 't' table value [0.01 = 2.68, 0.05= 2.01] From the above description
It is revealed from the above that 't' table value 2.68 & 2.01 > 't' calculated value (1.01) in both 0.01 & 0.05 levels in the critical ratio of 99% & 95% confidence levels. So the research found that, the null hypothesis is accepted at both levels. The researcher found that, there are no differences between urban male teachers and urban female teachers in population awareness. It is revealed that both are highly awarded due to the urban area exposure and facility of media is concerned.
df = N1 + N2 - 2= 98 t' table value < 't' calculated value 0.05 Level
1.98
Level 0.01
2.63
< 4.01
Thus, H0 (null hypothesis) is significant and rejected at both confidence levels i.e. 0.01 (99%) and 0.05 (95%). The researcher found the conclusion that, there are highly significant difference between Male teachers and Female teachers in term of their awareness. It can be concluded that, Female teachers have more population awareness than male teacher's higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Ho2: There is no significant difference in population awareness between urban and rural higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District.
Ho4: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between rural male and rural female in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji Disrict. Table No. 5 Gender
N
Mean
Rural Male
25
106.8 10.05
Rural Female 25
102.4
SD 8.7
SED 't' Value Level of Significance 7.07
0.62
Not Significant** at both levels 0.05 & 0.01
From the above description Table No. 3: Area-wise Awareness Comparison of urban Teachers and rural Teachers Gender
N
Mean
SD
Urban Teacher
50
114.1 9.15
Rural Teacher
50
104.6 10.0
SED 't' Value Level of Significance 1.92
4.95
** Significant at both 99% and 95% confidence levels.
47
Significant** at both levels 0.05 & 0.01
df = N1 + N2 - 2= 48 t' table value [0.01 = 2.68, 0.05= 2.01] It is revealed from the above that 't' table value 2.68 & 2.01 > 't' calculated value (0.62) in both 0.01 & 0.05 levels in the critical ratio of 99% & 95% confidence levels. So the research found that, the null hypothesis is accepted at both levels. The researcher found that, there are no differences between rural male teachers and rural female teachers in population awareness. It is revealed that both are
International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
Research Paper
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 4 | Issue : 1 | Jan 2018 gies”, New Delhi, Indian Society for Training and Development, Vol.-xxxii, No.-1, Jan- Mar.2002.
very low rate of awareness due to the rural remote area where, very less exposure and poor facility of media is concerned. 7.
Ho5: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between urban male and rural male in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Table No. 6 Gender
N
Mean
SD
Urban Male
25
115.4
9.15
Rural Male
25
106.8
10.05
SED 't' Value Level of Significance 2.72
3.16
Significant** at both levels 0.05 & 0.01
HO6: There is no significant difference in population awareness in between urban female and rural female in higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District.
N Mean SD SED 't' Value
Urban Female 25 112.8 9.0 Rural Female
25 102.4 8.7
2.50
4.16
8.
MHRD Draft Report, (2016) National Policy on Education (NPE), New Delhi
9.
Mohan, R. (2011). “Teacher Education”, PHI learning Pub., New Delhi.
10. Nayak, B.K. (1999). "Education in Emerging Indian Society", Brahmapur, Taratarini Pustakalaya publication, revised edition, Pp. 357-360. 11. NCTE Document (2005). “National curriculum Frame work for school Education NCF-2005”, NCTE pub. New Delhi. 12. NCTE Document (2009) “National curriculum Frame work for Teacher Education NCFTE-2009: Towards Preparing Professional and Humane Teacher”, NCTE pub. New Delhi. Webliography: 13. https://asacs.assam.gov.in/information-services/nacp-iv 14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Assam
Table No. 7 Gender
Indian Journal of Training and Development (2002): “Training Tools and Methodologies”, New Delhi, Indian Society for Training and Development, Vol.-xxxii, No.-1, Jan- Mar.2002.
15. http://populationeducation.org/tags/philippines
Level of Significance Significant** at both levels 0.05 & 0.01
From the above Table no.6 &7 descriptions as below: df = N1 + N2 - 2= 48 't' table value [0.01 = 2.68, 0.05= 2.01] It is revealed from the above that 't' table value 2.68 & 2.01 < 't' calculated value 3.16 & 4.16 in both 0.01 & 0.05 levels in the critical ratio of 99% & 95% confidence levels. So the research found that, the null hypothesis is rejected at both levels. The researcher found that, there are differences between urban male & rural male teachers and urban female & rural female teachers in population awareness. It is revealed that urban male and female teachers both have very high rate of awareness than rural male and female teachers. It is occurs due to the rural remote area where, very less exposure and poor facility of media is concerned. RESEARCH FINDINGS: Ÿ Female teachers have more population awareness than male teacher’s higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Ÿ
Urban teachers have more population awareness than rural teachers of higher secondary level school teachers of Dhemaji District. Again it is revealed that, possible due to the more external exposure for population awareness availing urban teachers than rural teachers.
Ÿ
The researcher found that, there are no differences between urban male teachers and urban female teachers in population awareness.
Ÿ
It is revealed that both are very low rate of awareness due to the rural remote area where, very less exposure and poor facility of media is concerned.
Ÿ
The researcher found that, there are differences between urban male & rural male teachers and urban female & rural female teachers in population awareness. It is found that urban male and female teachers both have very high rate of awareness than rural male and female teachers.
CONCLUSION: Awareness can’t be taught but it should be caught through practice in daily life. Teacher plays the vital role to execute and imparted population awareness in our society. In digital platform ICT media also plays the vital role to create awareness relating to health, literacy and population awareness. At last but not the least it is not only the access but the condition for success REFERENCES: 1.
Choudhury, R. K. (2000): ''Growth Trend of Population and its Characteristic Features in North Eastern Region," in B. Datta Ray (Ed), Population, Poverty and Environment in North East India, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi,
2.
Dandekar, V. M. (1996): The Indian Economy 1947-92, Vol. H: Population, Poverty and Employment, Sage Publications, New Delhi,
3.
Datta, S. (2000): "Population Growth and Natural Resource Base in Meghalaya, " in B. Datta, Ray (Ed), Population, Poverty and Environment in North East India, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi,
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Datt, G. (1998): "Poverty in India and Indian States: An Update," in The Indian Joumal ofLabour Economics, Vol41. No 2,
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Indian Journal of Teacher Education (2005): “Anweshika”, New Delhi, NCTE, Vol.-2, No.-2, Dec.2005.
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Indian Journal of Training and Development (2002): “Training Tools and Methodolo-
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