1Lecture,Dept.ofSharirRachna,GAC,Jabalpur(MadhyaPradesh),India.
2AssociatedProfessor,Dept.ofSharirRachana,NIA,Jaipur(Rajasthan),India.
3AssociatedProf.andHod,Dept.ofShalakyaTantra,GAC,Jabalpur(MP),India.
ABSTRACT
Inthepresentcompetitiveera,globalizationandfastlifethediseaseaffectingthesnayu (subsidiarybodyelements)areincreasing,andthisisbecomingachallengeto thehealth professionals.Snayuisatermwhichisexplainedelaboratelyinclassicaltextsbutyetitisunabletopointoutexactstructurerelatedwithitinhumanbody It isexplainedasastructurewhichhelpsinbindingthejointsandhelpsthebodyinweightbearing.Onewhohasproperknowledgeof Snayu caneasilyextracthidden Shalya fromthebody Accordingtolocation,form and structure, Snayu areofkindfourtypes Pratanavati (branched), Vrutta (circular), Sushira (porous), Pruthul (flat), ligaments,tendonsandfasciaeareallmadeupofconnectivetissues.Theyarehistologicallysimilarinstructureandtheydifferinthewaytheyconnectstructures,aimofthearticleistoanalysethespecificstructureofSnayuanditstypewithmodernscienceonthebasisofcadavericstudy
KEYWORDS: Snayu, Pratanvati,Ligament,Tendon,histology
INTRODUCTION:
Snayu is a term which is explained elaborately in classical texts but yet it is unabletopointoutexactstructurerelatedwithitinhumanbody Literallythe termSnayumeanstobind.Itisexplainedasastructurewhichhelpsinbindingthe joints and helps the body in weight bearing. Structurally it has been described somethingsimilartoafibrousinnature.
SnayuissaidtobeoriginatedfromMedasalongwithSira SnayubyKharaPaka 1 and Sira by Mrdu paka .Susruta while emphasizing its importance have mentionedthataninjuryto Snayu willcausemoreharmtohumanbodythancaused 2 byAsthi,Peshi,SiraandSandhi
Onewhohasproperknowledgeof Snayu caneasilyextracthidden Shalya from 3 the body Clinically Snayu is important as it is mentioned in Vatavyadhi in the 4 pathogenesisofdiseaseslikeAkshepaVata
Snayu holdthe Sharir togetherbyjoiningthebonesatjointsliketheropeshold the wooden planks of a boat together Like a strong boat can carry heavy load, 5 Snayuenablesbodyforweightbearing.
Ligaments,tendonsandfasciaeareallmadeupofconnectivetissues.Theyare histologicallysimilarinstructureandtheydifferinthewaytheyconnectstructures.
AIM&OBJECTIVE:
Anattempthasbeenmadetocriticallyanalysesthespecificstructureof Snayu anditstypewithmodernscienceonthebasisofcadavericstudy
REVIEWOFLITERATURE:
AccordingtoSMWEnglishSanskritdictionarySnayumeans-Acordtosometo fr A/shacontractedfromsina,presbaseof/si'tobind'cf.also/snaianysinewor 6 ligamentinthehumanandanimalbody Tendon,muscle,nerve,vein.
In Amarakosha,itismentionedthat Snayu holdsthejointstogetherin Anga and 7 Pratyanga ItalsomentionsSnayuasastructurewhichcoversbodystructures.
Accordingto Shargandhara Snayu isastructurewhichbinds Mamsa, Asthi and 8 Medasofthebody
According to location, form and structure, Snayu is of kind four types Pratanavati (branched), Vrutta (circular), Sushira (porous), Prthul (flat). Pratanavati (spread out/ broad) are present in Shakha (extremities) and Sarva 9 Sandhi.Vrutta(round/cylindrical)isknownasKandara.
Sushira (hollow/ ring like) are present at the end of Amasaya (stomach), Pakvasaya(largeintestine),Basti(urinarybladder).Pruthula(thickbag)arepres9 entinParsva(flanks),uras(chest),andprustha(back).
Snayu are nine hundred, six hundred in Shakha and two hundred and thirty in 10 AntradhiandseventyinSira(head)andGreeva(neck).
MATERIALANDMETHOD:
Ÿ
Reviewof Ayurvedic literatureregardingto Snayu,anditstypefromclassicsandrelevantcommentaries.
Ÿ
Ÿ
ReviewofrelevantmodernliteratureregardingtorelatedstructureofSnayu
ToobserveandrevealthestructureofSnayuanditstype,oncadaverthrough dissection.
Ÿ
Four type of Pramana Pariksha like Aptoupdesh, Pratakashya, Anumaan andYukti. PratakshyaParikshaismoreimportantother thanoffourtype of Pramana Pariksha,Thestructureof Snayu anditstypeunderstoodvery difficultwithoutdissection.SotheperfectknowledgeabouttheSnayugains throughthecadavericstudy DissectiononcadavercarriedoutintheDept.of Sharir RachanaNIAJaipur
OBJECTOFDISSECTION:
Identification of the specific structure as Snayu based cadaveric dissection and revealsthestructureofSnayuanditstypes.
METHOD:
It's really difficult in current scenario to identify and establish the structure of Snayu mentionedby Acharya Susrutha Thiscanbeonlymadepossiblethrough acadavericstudy Thisstudyisplannedtoexploretheextremitiesofhumanbody by region wise and observing the structures which we can consider as Snayu Thisisdonebystudyingthemstructurallyandfunctionally Thestructureshould be having a binding property and should be fibrous structurally The various structuresobservethroughthecadavericstudyandcomparewithrelatedliteratureofSnayuanditstype.
DISCUSSION:
Acharya Dalhana mentions Snayu as a Shanakara (fibrous structure) which is usedinbow
In Amarakosha,itismentionedthat Snayu holdsthejointstogetherin Anga and Pratyanga ItalsomentionsSnayuasastructurewhichcoversbodystructures.
Theterm Snayu literallymeanstobind.Itisalsoexplainedasatendon,ligament or tubular vessel attached to bone at either end. It's also mentioned as a cord, sinew,ligamentinthehumanoranimalbody
Snayuisclassifiedintofoursubcategories.Theseare
1. Pratanavati
2. Vrutta 3. Pruthul
4. Sushira
PratanavatiSnayu:Pratanvatimeansatendril,ashoot,alowspreadingplant,a spreadingcreeperandbranchingout.Thesearesaidtobepresentin Shakha and
Ÿ
Ÿ
allSandhi SoPratanavatitypeofSnayushouldbe.
Presentinalljointsofbodyandextremities.
Andtheyshouldbehavingbranchingpatternandlikeacreeper
SothestructureswhichresemblesPratanavatiSnayuare:
Ÿ Ligaments-Asthesearepresentinalljoints.
Ÿ Nerves-Asthesearelikecreepersandhavebranchingpattern.Whiledissectionthenerveswereseenaswhitishinappearanceandthisresemblestothe definition
Given by Acharya Dalhan as Shanakara Since nerve has not been clearly describedinAyurvedatext,andcannotbeincludedinanyothercategoriesmentionedbyAcharyaSusruta,ithasbeenincludedunderPrtanvatiSnayu
VruttaSnayu:
Vruttameansroundorcircular Thesearecordlikestructurespresentinthebody Acharya Susruta also calls Vrutta Snayu as Kandara Kandara is called Mahasnayu or Mahanadi. Itisacordlikestructurewhichissimilarto Snayu but largeinsize.SoKandarashouldbe.
Ÿ
Largecircularorcordlikestructure
SoinhumanthestucturesresemblingKandaraorVruttaSnayuare:
Ÿ Tendons-Asthesearecordlike
Ÿ
LargeNervescords-Thesearealsocordlikeandresembletendon.
PruthulSnayu:
Thewordmeaningof Pruthul isabroad,largeorgreat.Sotheseshouldbestructureswhichare:
Ÿ
Large,broadandflat.
ThestructureswhichresemblePruthulSnayuinourbodyare:
Ÿ Aponeurosis
Ÿ Fascia
SushiraSnayu:
Sushirameansporous,hollow,cavityetc.AcharyaSusrutaexplainsthatSushira Snayu is present in the end part of regions like Amashaya, Pakvashaya, Vasthi etc.Sothesearestructureswhichareporouslikeinnatureandalsopresentinthe openingsofholloworgans.SothestructureswhichresembleSushiraSnayuare:
Ÿ Sphincters
IntheextremitiesonlyPratanavati,VruttaandPruthulSnayuwerefound.These structuresareenumeratedintableaccordingtoregions
Tableno.1
Ÿ
Ÿ
CONCLUSION:
The structures which can be considered as Snayu in human body are ligaments,nerves,tendons,fasciaandsphincters.
PratanvatiSnayucanbeconsideredasligamentandnervesinextremities.
Ÿ VruttaSnayucanbeconsideredastendonsandlargenervecords.
Ÿ
PruthulSnayucanbeconsideredasAponeurosisandfascia.
Ÿ Sushira snayu consider as sphincters present in end part of stomach, anus, etc.
REFERENCES:
I. Acharya JT Susrutha Samhita with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Dalhanacharya.Varanasi:chaukambhaSanskritsansthan;2014.P357.
II. Acharya JT Susrutha Samhita with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Dalhanacharya.Varanasi:chaukambhaSanskritsansthan;2014.P367.
III. Acharya JT Susrutha Samhita with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Dalhanacharya.Varanasi:chaukambhaSanskritsansthan;2014.P367.
IV Acharya JT Susrutha Samhita with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Dalhanacharya.Varanasi:chaukambhaSanskritsansthan;2014.P261.
V Acharya JT Susrutha Samhita with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Dalhanacharya.Varanasi:chaukambhaSanskritsansthan;2014.P367.
VI. Monier-Williams. A Sanskrit- English Dictionary 16th edition .Delhi: Motilal BanarsidasPublishersPrivateLimited;Reprint2011.P1267.
VII. MishraSatyendra,Amarakosaofamarasimhawithkrsnamitra’scommentaryinSanskrit vaikkunthi commentary in hindi and annoatation of words in English. Jaipur: jagdishSanskritpustakalaya;reprint2012.
VIII. Jha C.B. Jha Sarangdhara Sahita with the Adhamalla’s Dipika and kasirama’s Gudharthadipika,Varanasi:Chaukhambasurbharti Prakashan;2013.P52
IX. Acharya JT Susrutha Samhita with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Dalhanacharya.Varanasi:chaukambhaSanskritsansthan;2014.P367.
X. Acharya JT Susrutha Samhita with Nibandhasangraha commentary of Dalhanacharya. Varanasi:chaukambhaSanskritsansthan;2014.P367.