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Research Paper

Social Science

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 11 | Nov 2019

STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES IN YEMENI OIL COMPANIES 1

Ziad Mohammed Ali Habeeb | Prof. Dr. Sanjay N. Aswale 1 2

Researcher Scholar, Dr .BAM University College, Aurangabad, India. Research Guide, Dr. BAM University College, Aurangabad, India.

ABSTRACT The oil industry is witnessing an increase in the labor force in most countries of the world, whether they are developed economies, emerging economies or third world countries. The oil industry is an industry of accidents and occupational and environmental hazards. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of occupational safety and health practices in oil companies in the Republic of Yemen, which is one of the most vital activities in Yemen, in order to know the status of occupational health and safety in oil companies. The sample included a group of senior management staff, supervisory management, and executive management. The study used the design of the descriptive survey. Five companies were deliberately chosen for this study because of the large number of workers working in these companies and their activity in the current situation with the existence of war. A simple random sample was used to obtain a representative sample. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and closed questions were used (Yes or No), the questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 264 items while valid for analysis. 212, data obtained using statistical statistics were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. While secondary data was collected through journals, periodicals, books, manuals, the Internet and other literature relevant to the study. The study found statistically significant differences in the six practices studied in the study. KEY WORDS: Management, Occupational Safety, Environmental Hazards. INTRODUCTION: It is said that the issue of occupational health and safety is part of the smooth performance of manufacturing industries. Therefore, this issue has gained attention in recent years due to its impact on the economy. As per the report published by International Labor Organization -2005, workplace accidents and disease are responsible for the loss of about four percent of the world's gross domestic product as compensation and absenteeism". According to the World Health Organization, low occupational health and low working capacity can cause an economic loss of up to 10-20 percent of the country's GNP (WHO, 1994). The economic losses of deaths, diseases and occupational diseases in the world are estimated at about 4% of GDP (Takala, 2002). The ILO estimates that 2.2 million men and women die each year from occupational accidents and work-related illnesses. Workers suffer from 270 million occupational accidents and 160 million occupational diseases each year. The oil and gas sector has grown significantly in recent years, with large numbers of working forces. This sector is among the largest in the world, with revenue and costs increasing to provide customers with the energy they need to maintain their lifestyle (American Petroleum Institute 2014). Exploration, extraction, and distribution of petroleum oil and related activities, such as operations prior to the revision of raw materials; exploration, drilling, extraction, storage, shipping, etc., which include refining, selling and distributing the product. Given the nature of these high-risk activities, companies are constantly working to minimize the impact of their harmful effects on the environment and individuals (Schneider, Fargo and Campbell 2011). One of the most hazardous occupational health, safety and environmental professions operating in the oil and gas industry. Many of the hazards that commonly occur in the industry include chemicals (toxic substances, awareness materials), physical concerns (noise, vibration), biological effects (food poisoning) Long work, and labor relations) (Gardner, 2003). REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Bradish, Bui, & Nunez, (2008), - in their paper entitled " Global Challenges Facing the HSE Function Within the Oil and Gas Industry " has discussed the challenges of migrating HS & E management systems in North America and Europe to oil and gas companies that choose to expand their business to other parts of the world over the next decade, specifically Russia, China and India and how to challenge regulators in these countries to implement HS & E processes similar to those in North America. The study discussed government regulations and their impact on industries, as well as how the oil and gas industry can develop its programs in emerging countries The study concluded that the oil and gas industry must challenge governments and companies in other industries to implement and increase regulations through the development of HSE programs at their respective sites. Through this effort, production will increase with lower common delays with injuries/diseases/ deaths. The reverse relationship of HS & E management systems should be stimulated with the number of infections/diseases/ deaths companies and governments to take additional steps faster to ensure the stability of occupational health

and safety and the environment in the workplace. Oppong, S. (2014). In his research work entitled "Common health, safety and environmental concerns in upstream oil and gas sector: Implications for HSE management in Ghana" has studied and identified occupational health hazards and to identify workers' awareness of occupational health hazards. Assess the risks associated with health risks, Evaluation of occupational health practice in the refinery. The data were collected through open questionnaires for health workers and occupational health professionals. In addition, environmental monitoring/monitoring was carried out in seven main units of the refinery. The questionnaire was submitted to the workers randomly, 85 participants participated in the study. The study found that the majority of participants were able to identify health risks: physical health hazards (74.2%); chemical health hazards (70.9%); mechanical health hazards/work environment (78.8%); Biologicals (9.6%) were particularly low in recent risk level. To assess occupational health practice, most respondents (78.1%) agreed that the Department was committed to the health and welfare of its employees. With environmental monitoring. It was concluded that biological health risks are prevalent in the refinery. However, the vulnerability of workers to work-related diseases is dependent on many factors. The health impact management process is a component of OHS-MS, among other things. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The industry of accidents and environment hazards is known as the oil industry. It is witnessing an increase in the labor force in most countries of the world, whether they are developed economies, emerging economies or third world countries. The Yemen is one of the major oil belt. I this context there is need to study the and analyze the performance of occupational safety and health practices in oil companies in the Republic of Yemen, which is one of the most vital activities in Yemen. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: The objectives of this paper are as under 1.

To study the occupational health and safety practices in Yemen oil companies.

To analyses, the performance of occupational Health and safety practices in Yemen oil companies.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Exploratory research method is used in this paper. A simple random sample was used to obtain a representative sample. The study used the design of the descriptive survey. Five companies were deliberately chosen for this study because of the large number of workers working in these companies and their activity in the current situation with the existence of war. The sample included a group of senior management staff, supervisory management, and executive management. Primary data were collected using questionnaires and closed questions were used (Yes or No), the questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 264 items

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International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 11 | Nov 2019

while valid for analysis. 212, data obtained using statistical statistics were analyzed using SPSS, version 23. While secondary data was collected through journals, periodicals, books, manuals, the Internet and other literature relevant to the study. The study found statistically significant differences in the six practices studied in the study. DATA COLLECTION: The researcher used the initial sources and collected them through magazines, periodicals, books, directories, the Internet and other literature related to the study. The secondary sources were the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed randomly (264). It was valid for analyzing 212 questionnaires out of 264 questionnaires (80%). The questionnaire consists of six questions representing the most important occupational health and safety practices, as well as the analysis of the collection of frequencies and percentages. DATA ANLALYSIS: The data collected is tabulated and analyzed and the results discussed as under Source: Filed Survey Table 1 :Analysis of Respondents Opinion Sr. No.

Question

Responded Yes

Is there any particular department or administration concerned with implementing the procedures of occupational health and safety?

87.3

12.7

Are the possibilities and required supplies available to implement the occupational health and safety?

68.4

31.6

Do you have sufficient knowledge of the procedures of occupational health and safety?

78.3

21.7

Do workers and administration have knowledge and awareness of the importance of commitment to occupational health and safety?

67.5

32.5

Is there any periodical evaluation by the Department for the occupational health and safety performance?

49.5

50.5

Are the periodical medical checks up running to the workers?

42.5

57.5

Figure 1: Distribution of study sample according to the department or administration concerned with implementing the procedures

Source: Filed Survey Figure 2: Distribution of study sample according to the possibilities and required supplies available

Source: field survey RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 1. It is seen from the above table that 87.3% of the respondents agreed having a department or section concerned with the application of occupational health and safety measures in the Yemen Oil Companies on the existence of occupational safety and health, whereas only 12.7% of the respondents do not agree. 2.

The above table reveals that 68.4 % of the respondents are agreed that hey get the required supplies available to implement the occupational health and safety in time.

It is founed that 78.3 % of the respondnets having sufficient knowledge of the procedures of occupational health and safety,

67.5% of the respondent workers and administrative staff having knowledge and awareness of the importance of commitment to occupational health and safety.

About the internal or periodical evaluation by the Department for the occupational health and safety performance, the majority of the respondents (50.5%) are not agreed.

Majority of the respondnets (57.5%) are not getting periodical medical checkup at their work place.

Thus on the basis of the data analysis it can be concluded that there is need to arrange internal or periodical evaluation and medical checkup by the Department for the occupational health and safety performance.

Figure - 3 show that 78.3% of the study sample agree that they have sufficient knowledge in the occupational health and safety procedures in the Yemen Oil Companies, while 21.7% of the study sample disagrees with Adequate knowledge of occupational health and safety procedures.

Source: Filed Survey Figure 3: Distribution of study sample according to the sufficient knowledge of the procedures of occupational health and safety Figure -4 shows that 67.5% of the study sample agree that there is an understanding and awareness by the employees and management of the importance of complying with occupational health and safety measures in the Yemen Oil Companies. While 32.5% the study sample does not agree with the understanding and awareness of employees and management of the importance of complying with occupational health and safety procedures.

International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]

Research Paper

E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 11 | Nov 2019

Source: Filed Survey Figure No 4- Distribution of study sample according to the have knowledge and awareness of the importance of commitment to occupational health and safety Figure -5 show that 49.5% of the study sample agrees with a periodic evaluation of the performance of the Occupational Health and Safety Department in the Yemen Oil Companies, while 50.5% of the study sample agree that there is a periodic evaluation of the OSH performance. This means that the periodic evaluation is low, as the larger proportion of the sample does not agree to periodic evaluation of the OSH performance.

ability of the necessary means and requirements for applying occupational health and safety measures, while 31.6 do not agree with the availability of the necessary requirements and means of applying occupational health and safety, which is a large percentage of one-third of the sample. 78.3 of the respondents also agree that they have sufficient knowledge of occupational health and safety measures, while 21.7 affirm that there is insufficient knowledge of occupational health and safety measures and that this is a challenge that companies should overcome, and 67.5 agree that there is awareness among staff and management of the importance of adhering to measures Occupational Health and Safety, In contrast, 32.5% do not agree with the awareness of staff and management of the importance of complying with occupational health and safety measures. This is a large percentage indicating that one-third of the employees in the partnerships, whether managers or employees are not sufficiently aware. It should be noted that 49.5 percent of respondents agreed not to conduct a periodic evaluation of occupational health and safety performance and this is a clear administrative failure to underestimate the evaluation and follow-up of half of the companies. 57.5% of respondents agree not to perform periodic medical examinations for Yemeni oil companies. This is a clear indication of the low occupational health situation in oil companies. It also indicates a lack of awareness and interest in the role of periodic medical examinations in maintaining the safety and health of employees. RECOMMENDATIONS: Based on the results of the previous study, the study recommends that the private oil companies and Yemeni organizations in general: 1.

To take care of the occupational health and safety management and its adoption in the organizational structures of companies as an indispensable and give them full powers and powers.

Provide the necessary means and requirements for the implementation of occupational health and safety procedures.

Awareness raising, education and work to increase the knowledge of employees and management to health and safety procedures and the importance of their application and the consequences of non application.

Conducting periodic evaluation of occupational health and safety performance.

Attention to medical examinations for workers from pre-employment and periodic examinations.

REFERENCES:

Source: Filed Survey Figure 5: Distribution of study sample according to the any periodical evaluation by the Department Figure -6 show that 57.5% of the study sample does not agree that periodic medical examinations are conducted for workers in the Yemen Oil Companies, while 42.5% of the study sample agrees, this means that there is no interest in periodic medical checkups for workers.

American Petroleum Institute. 2014. Hydraulic Fracturing: Unlocking America’s Natural Gas Resources. Available: http://www.api.org/oil-and- natural-gas-overview/ exploration-and-production/hydraulic- fracturing/~/media/ Files/Oil-and-NaturalGas/Hydraulic-Fracturing-primer/ Hydraulic-Fracturing-Primer-2014-highres.pdf [accessed 3 July 2014]

Amponsah-Tawiah, K., & Dartey-Baah, K. (2011). Occupational health and safety: key issues and concerns in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(14).

Bradish, R., Bui, J., & Nunez, Y. (2008, January). Global Challenges Facing the HSE Function Within the Oil and Gas Industry. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers.

Gardner, R. (2003). Overview and characteristics of some occupational exposures and health risks on offshore oil and gas installations. Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 47(3), 201-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ annhyg/meg028

ILO, (2005). Safe work. Global estimates of fatal work related diseases and occupational accidents, World Bank Regions.

Oppong, S. (2014). Common health, safety and environmental concerns in upstream oil and gas sector: Implications for HSE management in Ghana. Academicus International Scientific Journal, (09), 93-106.

Schneider, J., Vargo, C., Campbell, D., & Hall, R. (2011). An analysis of reported sustainability-related efforts in the petroleum refining industry. Journal of Corporate Citizenship, (44), 69-84.

Takala, J. (2002). ―Introductory Report: Decent Work—Safe Work.ǁ Paper presented at the 16th World Congress on Safety and Health, Vienna, May 27.

WHO, (1994). Global strategy on occupational health for all: The way to health at work. Geneva.

Source: Filed Survey Figure 6: Distribution of study sample according to the any periodical evaluation by the Department CONCLUSIONS: This paper examined occupational health and safety in Yemeni oil companies. The survey also found that 87.3 agree that there are departments or sections concerned with the implementation of occupational health and safety measures in most Yemeni oil companies. 68.4% of the respondents also agree on the avail-

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