Research Paper
Medical Science
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 3 | March 2019
ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG ADULTS IN SELECTED VILLAGE AT CUDDALORE DISTRICT Mrs.Suganthra Devi 1 2
1
M.Sc (N)., Ph.D,
Dr. D. Karaline Karunagri
2
Research Scholar, Rani Meyyammai College of Nursing, Annamalai University, Chidambaram. Principal & HOD, Department of Community, Rani Meyyammai College of Nursing, Annamalai University, Chidambaram.
ABSTRACT The most common hereditary disease which are prevailing in India population are hypertension cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, and bronchial asthma. And tuberculosis among these disease hypertension IS the most widely seen. High blood pressure termed “hypertension” is a leading cause of morbidity and Mortality. The affects almost one billion people in world wide. It is very common and affects around 50 million Americans of which about 30% are not yet diagnosed (NHLBI). There is strong evidence that blood pressure is highly related to the state of the autonomic nervous system, where the state of excitation or sympathetic highly correlates with higher blood pressure and state of relaxation or parasympathetic highly correlates with the lower blood pressure. Objective of the Study: To assess the knowledge of adult regarding risk factors of hypertension. To identity the risk factors of hypertension among adult. To find out the association between knowledge with selected demographic variable. Methodology: One group pre-test descriptive design was adopted for this study the study was conducted in community at Cuddalore district. Convenient sampling technique was adopted to select the individuals for the study. A total sample of adult who met inclusion criteria were selected using convenient sampling techniques. Conclusion: The present study assessed the knowledge among the subjects regarding risk factors of hypertension a The study showed that there was no significant association between pretest knowledge with demographic variables such as age, education, occupation, type of family, monthly income, religion, place of residence, source of information. And found that the subjects had inadequate knowledge of risk factors of hypertension before pre-test. After pre – test assess the risk factors of hypertension.
INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is an under diagnosed condition because it causes damage to the body with no symptoms or only mild symptoms. It has been called a “Silent killer” for this reason. Life is the modern world is fraught with stress and stressful condition and the consequent effects on health are many WHO (2010) appreciates both physical and mental health for total health of an individual. Physical health comes through Muscle Training, Jogging, Swimming, Aerobic, Walking, Yoga and etc. About 11, 31,000 people were screened for hypertension in 98 health facilities during the pilot project and 8,57,616 people who came to health care facilities (in the 16 districts) for other ailments were also screened. Of these, 60, 517 were found to have hypertension. The percentage of the people testing positive for hypertension was 7.06%. Breathing exercise can be trained for both positive and negative influences on health. Breathing through left nostril access the right “feeling” hemisphere of the brain and breathing through left nostril access the left “thinking” hemisphere of the brain. Consciously alternating breathing between either nostril allow you to activate and access whole brain. In chronic stress, breathing may be rapid, shallow, results in less oxygen transfer to the blood and subsequent poor deliver of nutrients to the tissue (Darla Caraballo, 2012). NEED FOR STUDY: Hypertension is the leading cause of Cardio Vascular disease worldwide. Incidence rates of hypertension range between 3% and 18%, depending on the age, gender, ethnicity, and body size of the population studied. However the people younger than 45 years and 65 years older are affected the blood pressure. The world wide, according to the world health statistics 2012.report, 23.10% men and 22.60% women above 25 years suffer from hypertension. They estimated that 57 million global death in 2008 & 36 million (63%) were due to noncommunicable disease (NCDS). According to Arun Gangadtiar Ghorpade (2015) in Pondicherry, the prevalence of hypertension in the study population was 24.7% with fighter prevalence being observed in males (28.7%) than females (21.0%). The statistical analysis revealed a significant association between reduced physical activity, addiction to smoking and alcohol, abdominal obesity, high salt intake, and presence of hypertension. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: Assess: It refers to the identifying the level of knowledge regarding risk factors of hypertension. Knowledge: It refers to understanding information about the risk factors of hypertension.
nity area. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To assess the knowledge of adult regarding risk factors of hypertension.
Ÿ Ÿ
To identity the risk factors of hypertension among adult.
Ÿ
To find out the association between knowledge with selected demographic variable.
HYPOTHESIS: Ho – there is a limited knowledge of risk factors of hypertension. H1 – increase in level of knowledge shall increase the prevention of hypertension H2 – modification of life style will prevent hypertension METHODOLOGY: Descriptive design was adopted for this study Population: The population for the present study comprised of adult living in community area. Sample: Adult living in community area was drawn using Convenient sampling technique Setting of the study: The study was conducted in community at Cuddalore district. Description of the tool: Section A: Demographic data: includes the information related to variables such as age, gender, marital status, education, no of children, family history of hypertension, social activities, types of family, income/month and relational activity. Section B: Knowledge Questionnaire: The tool consists of 25 closed ended questions which were prepared very carefully considering the language, clarity, organization and sequence of items. The questions were prepared under the sub heading of risk factors of hypertension. Data collection period: The data will be collected over a period of 2 weeks at community area at Vadalur. Confidentiality will be assured to all the subjects to get their co-operation throughout the process of data collection.
Risk Factors Of Hypertension: refers to the person is having risk factors of hypertension. Adult: Refers to the age group between 35-60 yrs people living in the commuCopyright© 2019, IERJ. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms.
International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
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Research Paper
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 3 | March 2019 Table 3: Distribution of level of pre-test knowledge about health related to behavior among adults in selected village at Cuddalore district.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Table 1: Distribution of demographic variables of the risk factors of hypertension among adults. S. Demographic Variable No 1 Age: a) < 35 Years b) 35 - 40 Years c) 40 – 45 Years d) 45 – 50 Years 2 Gender: a) Male b) Female c) Transgender
S. No Health Related to Behaviour 1 Exercise: a) regularly every day b) less frequently 2-3times c) no habits
Frequency
Percentage (%)
7 14 19 10
14 28 38 20
39 11 -
78 22 -
3
2
3 Marital Status: a) Married b) Unmarried 4 Education: a) Uneducated b) Primary c) Secondary d) Graduate
36 14
72 28
4
25 9 2 14
50 18 4 28
5
5 No. of Children: a) > 2 b) 3 S above c) Nil
49 1 -
98 2 -
6 Family history of hypertension: a) Both the father and mother are hypertension b) Either father or mother is hypertensive c) No family history of hypertension
20 2 28
40 4 56
20 30
40 60
36 14 -
72 28 -
9 Income/month: a) <3,000 b) Rs.3,000-6,000 c) Rs.6,000
10 25 15
20 50 30
10 Recreational activity: a) Some time b) Often c) Mary time
10 25 15
20 50 30
7 Social activities: a) Yes b) No 8 Types of family: a) Nuclear family b) Joint family c) Extended family
Table 2: Distribution of level of pre-test knowledge about risk factors of hypertension among adults in selected village at Cuddalore district. S. No
Risk Factors of Hypertension
1
Employment status: a) Secondary b) Moderate c) Heavy Working shift: a) long day shift b) long night shift c) routine shift Working danger at working environment: a) yes b) no c) not aware Working hours: a) < 8 hours b) 8-10 hours c) >10 hours
2
3
4
5
6
18
Frequency Percentage
6
7
8
9
Frequency
Percentage
2 4 44
4 8 88
39 11
78 22
36 14
72 28
Preference for hotel food intake: a) regularly every day b) less frequently 2-3 times/week c) no habits
25 9 2
50 18 4
Eating habits in a day: a) twice b) thrice c) more than thrice
49 1 -
98 2 -
Type of oil used for cooking: a) branded refined oil b) palm oil c) traditionally prepared oil
20 2 28
40 4 56
20 30
40 60
36 14 4 3 43
72 28 8 6 86
Dietary pattern: a) vegetarian b) non-vegetation Preference for fast-food: a) regularly everyday b) less frequently 2-3 times/week c) no habits
Smoking habits: a) yes b) no Alcohol consumption: a) yes b) no Habits of health check up: a) once in every 3 month b) once in every6 months c) once in year d) nil
Table 4: Distribution of mean and standard deviation of demographic variables in knowledge regarding risk factors of hypertension among adult living in community area n=50. S. Demographic Variables No
NO Mean SD
(F/T) Value
P-Value
1 Age: a) <35 years b) 35-40 years c) 40-45 years d) 45-50 years
7 14 19 10
6.57 8.36 8.05 7.30
2 Gender: a) Male b) Female c) Transgender
25 25 -
7.82 1.84 1.242 0-305(ns) 7.32 1.84 -
3 Marital status: a) Married b) Unmarried
36 14
7.77 2.47 0.136 7.86 1.75
0.893
25 9 2 14
7.32 8.11 6.50 8.57
1.84 3.41 0.71 1.242 1.99
0.305
49 1 -
7.80 2.25 7.00 0.00 0.122 -
0.728
20 2
7.70 2.47 5.50 0.71
28
8.00 2.07
20 30
7.70 2.47 7.80 3.00
40 4 6
80 8 12
1 42 7
2 84 14
19 17 14
38 34 28
4 Education: a) Uneducated b) Primary c) Secondary d) Graduate
40 10 -
80 20 -
5 No. of Children: a) >2 b) 3 & above c) Nil
Working experience: a) <10 years b) 10-12 years c) >20 years d) others
49 1 -
98 2 -
Type of work: a) manual b) machinery c) not refined
6 Family history of hypertension: a) Both the father and mother b) Either father or mother is hypertensive c) No family history of hypertension
20 2 28
40 4 56
7 Social activities: a) Yes b) No
1.99 2.68 1.262 2.12 1.77
1.242
0.001*
0.001
0.001*
International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
Research Paper S. Demographic Variables No 8 Type of family: a) Nuclear family b) Joint family c) Extended family 9 Income/month: a) <3,000 b) Rs.3,000-6,000 c) Rs.6,000 10 Recreational activity: a) Sometime b) Often c) Many Time
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 5 | Issue : 3 | March 2019 NO Mean SD
(F/T) Value
P-Value
36 14 ---
7.70 2.44 7.56 1.99 ------
0.893(ns)
10 25 15
1.77 1.77 7.32 7.32 7.92 2.79
0.298(ns)
10 25 15
1.77 1.77 7.32 1.84 7.92 2.01
0.001*
CONCLUSION: The present study assessed the knowledge among the subjects regarding risk factors of hypertension. To assess the knowledge of adult regarding risk factors of hypertension. To identity the risk factors of hypertension among adult. To find out the association between knowledge with selected demographic variable. A total of 50 samples were selected for the study by using convenient sampling method. A pretest was conducted to assess the knowledge level using a structured-questionnaire with interview schedule. Then the STP was given by the investigator regarding risk factors of hypertension. After 7 days, the post test was conducted for the same sample. The study showed that there was no significant association between pretest knowledge with demographic variables such as age, education, occupation, type of family, monthly income, religion, place of residence, source of information. And found that the subjects had inadequate knowledge of risk factors of hypertension before pre-test. After pre – test assess the risk factors of hypertension. REFERENCES: 1.
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