Research Paper
Education
E-ISSN No : 2454-9916 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 2 | Feb 2023
fo'ks"k fo|ky; dh d{kk esa v/;;u dh lqxE;rk ds çfr Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh jk; Mr. Pawan Kumar Mishra1, Dr. Gayatri Ahuja2 1
Assistant Professor, Shri P. K. Mehta Collage of Special Education, Palanpur, Gujarat. Faculty, Department of Education, AYJNISHD (D), Mumbai.
2
ABSTRACT bl v/;;u esa Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds d{kk esa v/;;u ds nkSjku mudh lqxE;rk ds çfr mudh jk; dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA ftlesa Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks v/;;u ds nkSjku gksus okyh leL;kvksa dks bafxr fd;k x;k] rFkk muls lacaf/kr mudh jk; tkuus dk ç;kl fd;k x;kA bl v/;;u esa 'kks/kdrkZ dk y{; Þfo'ks"k fo|ky; dh d{kk esa v/;;u dh lqxE;rk ds çfr Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh jk;ß j[kk x;k rFkk buds varxZr nks mís';ksa dk pquko fd;k x;k tks dh Øe'k% ikBîp;kZ rFkk lgikBîp;kZ ls lEcaf/kr FksA blds mijkar bl v/;;u esa vuqla/kku ç'u iwNs x, l bl vuqla/kku ds varxZr eqacbZ ds fo'ks"k fo|ky; esa i<+us okys Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k FkkA tks fd d{kk ˆ]‰]Š]‹]ƒå] esa i<+rs Fks] rFkk çfrn'kksZ dh la[;k …å Fkh rFkk buds fo|ky; dk ek/;e fganh bafXy'k rFkk ejkBh FkkA blesa çfrn'kZ dk pquko lqfo/kk iw.kZ rduhdh dk bLrseky fd;k x;k l 'kks/kdrkZ }kjk bl v/;;u esa ç;ksx gksus okys midj.k dks xwxy Q‚eZ }kjk cuk;k x;k ftlesa Jo.k ckf/kr cPpksa dh lqxE;rk dks /;ku j[krs gq, bls … Hkk"kkvksa ds lkFk lkFk lkadsfrd Hkk"kk esa Hkh miyC/k djk;k x;k l bl v/;;u esa iwjs MsVk dks xksiuh; rjhds ls j[kk x;kA bl v/;;u esa vuqla/kku ds lHkh uSfrdrk dk ikyu fd;k x;kA bl v/;;u ds fu"d"kZ esa ;g ik;k x;k fd d{kk esa v/;;u ds nkSjku ikBîp;kZ ds varxZr bruh lqfo/kk gksus ds ckotwn Hkh „…% lqxE;rk dh deh fn[kh] lkFk gh lkFk lgikBîp;kZ ds varxZr fo'ks"k fo|ky; esa yxHkx vHkh Hkh ‡% lqxE;rk dh deh fn[kkbZ nhA çLrkouk% Hkkjrh; laL—fr fu"i{krk vkSj U;k; ds fy, lefiZr gS vkt gh ugha çkphu le; ls gh yksx ,d nwljs dk lg;ksx djrs vk jgs gSa vkSj ;gh gekjh laL—fr dh lcls cM+h /kjksgj gS orZeku le; esa Jo.k ckf/kr cPpksa dks lekt esa cgqr vf/kd leL;k,a gksrh gSa bUgha leL;kvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj us u,&u, dkuwu cuk,a ge lHkh dh ftEesnkjh gS fd mldk ikyu djsa blds varxZr gesa Jo.k ckf/kr fnO;kaxksa dks leku volj] leku igqap vkfn tSlh lqfo/kkvksa dks çnku djuk pkfg, mUgsa f'k{kk dk vf/kdkj gS rFkk muds vuqlkj ge lHkh dk nkf;Ro gS fd ge mUgsa f'kf{kr djsaA fnO;kax yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds fy, la;qä jk"Vª lEesyu ¼UNCRPD½] ftlesa Hkkjr gLrk{kjdrkZ gS] fnO;kax rd igq¡p lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ljdkjksa ij vuqPNsn 9 ds rgr nkf;Roksa ¼v½ lwpuk] ¼c½ ifjogu] ¼l½ HkkSfrd i;kZoj.k] ¼n½ lapkj çkS|ksfxdh vkSj ¼bZ½ lsokvksa ds lkFk&lkFk vkikrdkyhu lsokvksa rd igqap cukus gsrq çfrc) gSA UNCRPD vkSj RPWD vf/kfu;e ds y{;ksa dks çkIr djus ds fy, fnO;kax O;fä;ksa ds vf/kdkfjrk foHkkx] lkekftd U;k; vkSj vf/kdkfjrk ea=ky;us ,Dlsflcy bafM;k dSaisu ¼lqxE; Hkkjr vfHk;ku½ dh vo/kkj.kk dks lkoZHkkSfed igq¡p çkIr djus ds fy, ,d jk"VªO;kih çeq[k vfHk;ku ds :i esa ladfYir fd;k gS] tks fnO;kax O;fä;ksa dks leku volj rd igq¡p çkIr djus vkSj Lora= :i ls ,d lekos'kh lekt esa thou dk thus ds lkFk lkFk lHkh igyqvksa dks lqxE;rk çnku djus ç;kl djsxkA Jo.k ckf/kr o;Ldksa ds fy,] cf/kj [ksy vk;kstuksa esa Hkkx ysuk lekthdj.k dk ,d çeq[k lk/ku gSA Þfo'ks"k f'k{kk ds rgr fo'ks"k vko';drk okys cPpksa dh fo'ks"k 'kSf{kd vko';drkvksa dh igpku ,oa muds 'kSf{kd iquokZl dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSA fo'ks"k f'k{kk ds rgr fo'ks"k vko';drk okys cPpksa dks Ldwy ifjokj vkSj lekt ds vuqdwy lek;ksftr djus dk ç;kl fd;k tkrk gS] rkfd os vius fnu çfrfnu dh leL;kvksa dks gy djus esa l{ke gks lds] ;kuh fof'k"V f'k{kk v{ke cPpksa dks 'kSf{kd :i ls le{k cukrh gS ß ¼latho] 2008½
ƒ- vuqlU/kku ç'u% fo'ks"k fo|ky; esa Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks d{kk esa v/;;u ds le; ikBîp;kZ xfrfof/k;ksa esa dkSu dkSu lh leL;k,a gksrh gS\ lkj.kh la[;k †-…-ƒ d{kk esa v/;;u ds varxZr ikBîp;kZ xfrfof/k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr Jo.k ckf/kr ckyd vkSj ckfydk,a
gk¡
ugha
222
18
bl çdkj ;fn ge vius fo|ky; ds mís'; ds {ks=ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ;fn ge fu"d"kZ dh ckr djrs gSa rks gekjh d{kk esa v/;;u lqxE;rk ds varxZr ikBîp;kZ fd lqxE;rk esa 30 cPpksa ds 240 esa ls 222 çfrmÙkj ¼gk¡½ ds vk, gq, gSa vkSj blds vykok 18 çfrmÙkj ¼ugha½ ds vk, gq, gSaA vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds }kjk fn, x, çfrmÙkj ls ;g çnf'kZr gksrk gS dh orZeku le; esa Hkh 8% fo'ks"k fo|ky; fd ikBîp;kZ esa lqxE;rk dh deh gS vFkkZr ;fn ge çR;sd 100 cPpksa dh ckr djsa rks vHkh Hkh 18 cPps lqxE;rk dh ekj dks >sy jgs gSa çLrqr xzkQ esa ;g Li"V fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS fd T;knk ls T;knk 30 cPpksa esa ls flQZ Š cPpksa dks iw.kZ :i ls d{kk dh lqxE;rk eglwl gksrh gSA
Þfof'k"V f'k{kk dk vfHkçk; vlk/kkj.k ckydksa ds fof'k"V vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq fufeZr fo'ks"k vuqns'ku ls gS blds fy, fof'k"V f'k{k.k lkexzh f'k{k.k rduhdh midj.k rFkk lqfo/kkvksa dh vko';drk gks ldrh gSß ¼M‚-vkj-,l-pkSgku 2001½ v/;;u dh i)fr% bl 'kks/k esa 'kks/kdrkZ us nks mís';ksa dksa /;ku esa j[k dj cuk;kA ¼v½ fo'ks"k fo|ky; esa Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks d{kk esa v/;;u ds nkSjku ikBîp;kZ xfrfof/k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr vkus okyh leL;kvksa dk v/;;u djukA ¼c½ fo'ks"k fo|ky; esa Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks d{kk esa v/;;u ds nkSjku lg&ikBîp;kZ xfrfof/k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr vkus okyh leL;kvksa dk v/;;u djukA 'kks/kdrkZ }kjk fy, x, vuqla/kku ds mís';ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq;s çfrn'kZ dk p;u lqfo/kk iw.kZ rduhdh dk bLrseky fd;k x;k rFkk çfrn'kksZ dks la[;k …„ pquh xbZ| bl v/;;u esa 'kks/kdrkZ us egkjk"Vª ds eqacbZ ftys ds d{kk ˆ]‰]Š]‹ o ƒå ds fo'ks"k fo|ky; ds Jo.k ckf/kr cPpksa dh d{kk dh lqxE;rk dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mudh jk; ds vk/kkj ij psd fyLV dk fuekZ.k fd;kA ;g midj.k LofufeZr rFkk blesa ƒˆ ç'u iwNs x;s| mi;qä çfØ;k ds ek/;e ls midj.k lR;kiu vkSj fo'oluh;rk tkap lqfuf'pr dh xbZ FkhA fo'ys"k.k ,oa foospu% d{kk esa v/;;u dh lqxE;rk ds varxZr nks {ks=ksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k gSA ikBîp;kZ rFkk lg&ikBîp;kZ] ikBîp;kZ ds varxZr gekjs }kjk 8 ç'uksa dk ,d lewg cuk;k x;k Fkk ftlds fy, …å cPpksa ls lacaf/kr muds çfrmÙkj ladfyr fd, x, Fks ftldk fo'ys"k.k lkj.kh la[;k †-ƒ-ƒ esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
bl çdkj ;fn ge dh laiw.kZ ikBîp;kZ lqxE;rk dh ckr djsa rks yxHkx 92% cPpksa dks fo'ks"k fo|ky; dh ikBîp;kZ esa lqxE;rk feyrh gS vkSj ftlesa 8% lqxE;rk dh deh ikbZ xbZ gS tSlk fd fp= la[;k †…-ƒ esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS ikBîp;kZ fd lqxE;rk ds lkFk&lkFk tc ge fdlh ,d {ks= dh ckr djrs gSa rks 30 cPpksa esa ls T;knkrj çR;qÙkj lqxE;rk dh –f"V ls de fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ;fn ge fo'ks"k fo|ky; esa ikBîp;kZ ls lEcaf/kr f'k{kd eq>s ijh{k.k dks iwjk djus ds fy, vfrfjä le; nsrs gS ds çfrmÙkj esa eq>s lcls de 30 cPpksa esa ls 23 cPpksa dk çfrmÙkj ¼ugha½ feyk] eSa d{kk esa ppkZ ds nkSjku vU; Nk=ksa ds lEçs"k.k dks le>rk gwa ds çfrmÙkj esa 30 esa ls … cPpksa us çfrmÙkj ¼ugha½ feyk blds vykok T;knkrj ikBîp;kZ esa lqxE;rk ns[kus dks feykA xzkQ la[;k †-…-„
d{kk esa v/;;u% v ½ ikBîp;kZ % †-…-ƒ mís';% fo'ks"k fo|ky; esa Jo.k ckf/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks d{kk esa v/;;u ds nkSjku ikBîp;kZ xfrfof/k;ksa ls lEcfU/kr vkus okyh leL;kvksa dk v/;;u djukA Copyright© 2023, IERJ. This open-access article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and Adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms.
International Education & Research Journal [IERJ]
11