Be The Change 2020 - Grade 5

Be the Change A Virtual Wax Museum

THE UNQUOWA SCHOOL 2020

Fifth grade writers have worked to explore the lasting legacies of inspiring change makers - people who chose to “Be the Change” in our world As the culmination of our Informational Writing Unit, these resilient students have created a dynamic virtual wax museum for all to enjoy… Come on in!

Table of Contents: Ida B. Wells - Sadie Kobe Bryant - Jordan Jane Goodall - Charlotte Ruth Asawa - Saisha Gabriel Garcia Marquez - Mateo Ruth Bader Ginsburg - Raleigh Lebron James - James Martin Luther King, Jr. - Tanyse Harvey Milk - Eloise Cesar Estrada Chavez - Elijah Barack Obama - Ethan A. Philip Randolph - Michael Frederick Douglass - William Harriet Tubman - Lara Sojourner Truth - Clarissa Jesse Owens - Teddy Malala Yousafzai - Miranda Mahatma Gandhi - Ty Warrick Dunn - Steele Jackie Robinson - Charles Rosa Parks - Emae Henry Dunant - Nathan Dolores Huerta - Scarlet

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Ida B. Wells

Ida B. Wells

By Sadie

Ida B. Wells Ida B. Wells was a journalist and activist who fought for the rights of women and people of color. In 1862, Wells was born into slavery (Editors). When Wells was 16 her parents and infant brother were killed from the yellow fever epidemic. Wells began an editorial anti-lynch program in 1892 after three of her friends were lynched by a mob. She also co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (Biography). When Wells was riding the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad she refused to give up her seat to go sit in the “colored car only”(Editors). Because of being a former slave, having her friends lynched, and forced to move to a colored car only on a train, Wells fought tirelessly for the rights of people of color. Wells was born into slavery on July 16, 1862, in Holly Springs, Mississippi, during the Civil War. Her parents were James Wells and Elizabeth “Lizzie” Wells (Editors, Sunsings). Her master was Mr. Bolling. He gave the Wellses special treatment, they were provided with enough clothes, food and were not whipped. By the time Wells was almost three the Civil War was over. The Wellses were free (Dray). When Wells was 16 the yellow fever epidemic killed her parents and baby brother (Norwood). People fought over who had to care for Wells and her siblings. They wanted to seperate them. She did not agree with this so she decided to take care of them herself. She became a teacher as an effort to support her family (Editors, Dray). One day Wells was riding a Chesapeake and Ohio railroad train (Editor, Dray). She had bought a first class ticket. The conductor told her she needed to move to the “Colored Car Only”(Dray). Ida

refused until they physically pushed her off. Instead of sitting in the colored car only she just didn’t ride the train (Dray). In the spring of 1892, while Ida was speaking on a tour, her friend Tom Moss was killed. Moss along with two of his friends owned a store, called ​The People's Grocery.​ A white man was jealous of their success and knew he had to put an end to their business. Moss and his friends tried to protect themselves by firing their guns. Moss and his friends were arrested while the white man only had minor charges. When they were in jail a mob took them and murdered them. This made Wells very mad(Dray). Wells knew she had to do something. An editor at​ Living Way a ​ sked Wells to write an article about her experience on the train. The article was very successful. It was reprinted in newspapers all over the U.S. She was soon called “the Princess of the Press” by her fans. She soon traveled all over to meetings and speeches. Wells was still protesting against the murder of Tom Moss. Wells thought it was wrong that innocent people were killed. She later learned that it was mainly black people who were killed. She traveled to and talked to people who had seen lynching. Wells knew the main problem was white people not accepting blacks as free. Most of Wells’ readers liked her powerful words against lynching. Wells was on her way to New York city. She was incheraged to write for the ​New York Age about lynching. To Wells’ surprise, her words we're changing lives. People all over the country wanted her to write for them about lynching. By the time she died in 1931, lynching was happening much less frequently in America. She also co-founded the National Actionation for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) (Dray). This organization was “a group she hoped would help promote black interests.” (Dray)

Even after Wells died on March 25, 1931, people were inspired to fight for the rights of black poeple and to stop lynching. Without Wells our society would not be the same. She has taught people to stand up for what they believe in. Wells was a black woman who had no power whatsoever. She fought against a horrible thing. Only afew weeks ago did lynching become a federal crime (Patton). Wells has inspired many people to stand up. Ida B. Wells was an inspiring woman who fought for Black people's rights. Born into salveory, she saw how poorly Black people were being treated. Wells relized that her vocie need to be herd, so she began speeking out about lynching and racial segeration. She was not only a Black person but she was also a woman, who had no power at the time, she was able to inspire people all over the world. She has taught people to fight against what they think is wrong. As she said “One had better die fighting against injustice than die like a dog or rat in a trap.�( Biography)

Work Cited Dray, Philip. ​Yours for Justice, Ida B. Wells: The Daring Life of a Crusading Journalist.​ Peachtree Publishers, 2008. “Ida B. Wells.” ​Biography.com​, A&E Networks Television, 27 Feb. 2020, www.biography.com/activist/ida-b-wells. “Ida B. Wells Biography, Life, Interesting Facts.” ​Famous Birthdays By SunSigns.Org,​ www.sunsigns.org/famousbirthdays/d/profile/ida-b-wells/. Norwood, Arlisha R. “Ida B. Wells-Barnett.” ​National Women's History Museum,​ www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/ida-b-wells-barnett. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Ida B. Wells-Barnett.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 12 July 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Ida-B-Wells-Barnett.

Kobe Bryant “If you do not believe in yourself no one will do it for you.” “ The most Important Thing is to try and Inspire people so that They can be great in Whatever they want to do.”

Kobe Bryant

By: Jordan

Kobe Bryant Kobe Bean Bryant, famously known as Kobe Bryant, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on August 23, 1978 (britannica.com). His name was given by his parents after the famous beef, Kobe, in Japan (cbsnews.com). He was one of the greatest basketball players of all time, and created the Mamba Sports Academy to train athletes’ minds and bodies (Mamba Sports Academy). He is great because he showed the world through the “Mamba Mentality” that the most important thing is to try to inspire people so that they can be great in whatever they want to do (thefederalist.com). Kobe Bryant inspired the world and showed that he was more than a basketball player, but a mentor to young athletes and children. Kobe Bryant had 2 older sisters Sharia and Shaya, and was raised with two parents, his Mom and Dad (intouchweekly.com). Kobe Bryant's first sport ever played was basketball at the age of three. When he was younger Kobe Bryant only played basketball. While he was growing up, his favorite basketball team was the Los Angeles Lakers. When Kobe Bryant was six, his father retired from the NBA. Later his family moved to Rieti, Italy, to continue playing professional basketball at a lower level. When he was 13 he moved back to Philadelphia. Kobe Bryant attended​ Lower Merion High School. During highschool ​he became a basketball prodigy, breaking records and collecting trophies, medals, and honors. In 1996 Kobe Bryant was drafted with the 13th pick in the 1st round by the Charlotte Hornets, Later in the draft he got traded to his long time dream team, the Los Angeles Lakers. Kobe Bryant became the youngest player to debut in the NBA and in an NBA All-Star Game. During Kobe Bryant’s basketball career he experienced a low point. It was at that time that the “Mamba Mentality” was birthed, named after his nickname, “The Black Mamba.” ​Inspired by the code name for a deadly assassin in

Quentin Tarantino's 2003 movie "Kill Bill," Bryant adopted the nickname to separate his life on and off the court, according to a 2014 interview with The New Yorker. (CNN.com) This name followed him throughout his NBA career and even later became the name of his training facility after retiring from professional basketball. Bryant’s achieved so much during his NBA career. In one game he scored 81 points against the Toronto Raptors, the second highest single-game mark in NBA history. In 2008, he was named MVP of the NBA, and earned a total of five NBA championships during his career alongside two gold medals in the Olympics. I​n 2015 Kobe announced his retirement. (Biography.com) In Bryant's last game he scored 60 points. Kobe Bryant’s biggest accomplishment is how he not only changed the world through basketball, but his influence on young athletes and young girls. Being the source of inspiration for the next generation is what Kobe was passionate about and passing along the “Mamba Mentality” of sharing his knowledge of not only basketball was most important to him. He once said, “The most important thing is to try and inspire people so that they can be great in whatever they want to do.” (thefederalist.com) He became an international legend. His hard work, and his ability to set the standard of excellence and become a mentor to so many made the world see that he was more than just a basketball player. He was a great dad, one of the best NBA players of all time and an inspiration to the world. (entrepreneur.com) Kobe Bryant touched the world by showing them that there was more to him than just being one of the greatest NBA players to ever play the game of basketball. He took the same “Mamba Mentality” - the standard of excellence and brought it off the court and into his everyday life. Even off the court, the name Kobe mean hard work and inspiration (talksports.com) Over the last 20 years Kobe granted more than 250 wishes to children battling

life-threatening cancer through the Make-A-Wish Foundation, but his most important legacy was the Mamba Sports Academy, now named the Mamba and Mambacita Sports Academy, where he and his daughter, Gigi spent most of their time training with other AAU families. (businessinsider.com) Kobe Bryant was not just a great basketball player, but also an inspiration to athletes and children. He inspired people around the world from his hard work and dedication to the game of basketball. You can tell that he cares about youth because of his foundation. Even though he is no longer alive, he still will influence people all around the world.

Works Cited Al-Arshani, Sarah. “Kobe Bryant's Mamba Sports Foundation Has Been Renamed to Honor His Daughter Gianna.” ​Business Insider​, Business Insider, 14 Feb. 2020, www.businessinsider.com/kobe-bryants-mamba-foundation-has-been-renamed-to-honorgianna-2020-2​. Berryhill, Evan. “How Kobe Bryant's Mamba Mentality Influenced The World.” ​The Federalist​, 29 Jan. 2020, thefederalist.com/2020/01/29/how-kobe-bryants-mamba-mentality-influenced-the-world/. Duff, Chelsea. “Kobe Bryant Had a Rocky Relationship With His Parents and Sisters.” ​In Touch Weekly,​ 28 Jan. 2020, www.intouchweekly.com/posts/does-kobe-bryant-have-siblings-meet-his-sisters-sharia-a nd-shaya/. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Kobe Bryant.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 26 Jan. 2020, www.britannica.com/biography/Kobe-Bryant​. History-biography. “Kobe Bryant.” ​History and Biography,​ 26 Jan. 2020, history-biography.com/kobe-bryant/. Lazenby, Roland. ​Showboat: The Life of Kobe Bryant.​ Full Court Press, Inc., 2016.

Lee, Lauren. “Honor Kobe Bryant's Legacy through the Charities He Supported.” ​CNN,​ Cable News Network, 21 Feb. 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/01/27/us/honoor-kobe-bryant-charity-iyw-trnd/index.html. McCarriston, Shanna. “Why Kobe Bryant Changed Jersey Numbers and What No. 8 and No. 24 Meant to the NBA Legend.” ​CBSSports.com​, CBS Sports, 28 Jan. 2020, www.cbssports.com/nba/news/why-kobe-bryant-changed-jersey-numbers-and-what-no-8 -and-no-24-meant-to-the-nba-legend/​. News Group, Southern California. “Kobe Forever: 1978-2020.” ​Kobe Forever: 1978-2020​, 2020.

Jane Goodall

“Only if we understand, will we care. Only if we care,

“The least I can do is

will we help. Only if we help

speak out for those who

shall all be saved.”

cannot speak for themselves.”

Jane Goodall

By: Charlotte

Jane Goodall Jane Goodall is a primatologist mostly famous for her work on chimpanzees in Tanzania (Bagley). She has changed the lives of many women by showing that a woman can do what a man can. Goodall stayed in Africa for many years studying chimpanzees. Jane Goodall helped show that chimpanzees are smart, she helped prove that chimpanzees are actually one of humans’ closest living relatives. She tells people that chimpanzees aren’t stupidand that they can make their own tools just like humans. Jane Goodall is an important person to this world. Jane has loved animals ever since she was a little girl. From an early age she wanted to go to Africa and be with animals. Jane Goodall had grown up during war in the 1940s. Her father wasn’t with her much because he was an army engineer (JaneGoodall). Throughout her childhood she was told not to go to Africa because she was female. This made Goodall even more determined to go to Africa. She faced many hardships of people telling her she couldn’t but instead of getting sad because people told her this she decided to prove she could. Jane Goodall is an inspirational person throughout the world. Louis Leakey who was a british paleoanthropologist which is a person who studies the origin of humans, saw how important Jane Goodall's research was and told her college to have her go into a special program even though Goodall had never been to college (Jane Goodall Timeline). Goodall studied chimpanzees for 30 years in Gombe, Tanzania after she left school at 18. She found out many things about chimpanzees during that time which research was very important. Like them eating meat and them being able to make tools just like humans. (Biography Jane Goodall institute) Jane Goodall wrote books about being in

Gombe and she wrote a book called​ in the Shadow of Man, ​which was one of her most famous books. She has definitely proved to everyone that a woman can do things maybe even better than what a man can do. Jane Goodall has changed many minds about women and chimpanzees and is doing unbelievable things still to this day. Jane Goodall has changed what people thought of how chimpanzees are useless animals. People realized that chimpanzees are smart animals that can make tools. Goodall once saw a chimpanzee cutting a stick with its teeth to make it small enough to fit into a termite hole and be able to get termites to eat. She also changed what was thought about women. She proved that a woman could go to Africa and study chimpanzees just like a man could. Jane Goodall inspired many women to do something that was thought that only a man could do. Goodall wrote a few books about her experience in Gombe and one about being a woman. She made an organization to help save chimpanzees from extinction. “In 1900, an estimated 1 million chimpanzees lived in the wild. Today, there are as few as 340,000” (Biography Jane Goodall Institute). Still to this day she inspires many people throughout the world. Jane Goodall is still an important person to our world. Jane Goodall has given women courage to speak up and do things they wouldn’t normally think a woman could. She has shown that chimpanzees are quite similar to humans in many ways. One of Goodall’s earliest discoveries was that they hunt for meat in packs like humans. Chimpanzees also share about 99% of the same DNA as us (chimpanzees our closest living relatives). One of Jane Goodall’s quotes was “​Only if we understand, will we care. Only if we care, will we help. Only if we help shall all be saved.”

Works Cited Bagley, Mary. “Jane Goodall Biography.” ​LiveScience,​ Purch, 24 Mar. 2014, www.livescience.com/44469-jane-goodall.html​. “Biography.” ​Jane Goodall Institute UK​, ​www.janegoodall.org.uk/jane-goodall/biography​. GibbonsJun, Ann, et al. “Bonobos Join Chimps as Closest Human Relatives.” ​Science,​ 10 Dec. 2017, www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/06/bonobos-join-chimps-closest-human-relatives. Goodall, Jane. ​Through a Window: My Thirty Years with the Chimpanzees of Gombe.​ Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990. “Jane Goodall Timeline.” ​Math​, ​www.softschools.com/viewTimeline.action?id=158​.”

Art is doing. Art deals directly with life. - Ruth Asawa

RUTH ASAWA

An artist is not special. An artist is an ordinary person who can take ordinary things and make them special. -Ruth Asawa.

Ruth

asawa

Saisha

Ruth Asawa Ruth Aiko Asawa was an artist and sculptor of Japanese descent, who used her art to bring attention to the harsh conditions that Japanese immigrants and Japanese-Americans faced in the internment camps in the 1940s, along with the racism and adversity they were facing after the war. She faced these internment camps herself, and witnessed the harsh conditions that people were kept in (DavidZwirner). She was taught to draw at Camp Saint Anita, by former Disneyland artists, though she did win a school art competition when she was younger, sparking an interest in art from a young age (Britannica, Encyclopedia Densho). Asawa would make many works of art throughout her lifetime, one of her most famous works of art that she made is the Hyatt Fountain built 1970 for the Hyatt San Francisco, which is still there to this day. Because she saw that people were being discriminated against for being Japanese, she wanted to change people’s views, and fight in the face of adversity against these beliefs. Ruth Asawa was born on January 24, 1926. She was the child of Japanese immigrants, and grew up with six siblings (Encyclopedia Densho). She had always been interested in art from a young age, and in third grade, her teacher noticed this and encouraged her to join the school’s art competition, which she would go on to win with her drawing of a polar bear (Britannica, DC Hiller). Asawa always dreamed of becoming an artist and going to a prestigious art school, but after Executive Order 9066 was signed (the order which placed those of Japanese descent in internment camps.),this was no longer a possibility. When she was sixteen, her father was arrested by the FBI, simply for being

Japanese, and was separated from her family for the next six years. This left her mother and her siblings alone to pack their things and move to an internment camp (Encyclopedia Densho). She faced harsh conditions there, though there was some hope for her. That was learning professional art from former Japanese Disneyland artists. After being released, in 1943, she enrolled in Milwaukee State Teachers College. She worked for a long time in the program, but was unable to receive her degree due to hostility against those of Japanese descent. She then transferred to Black Mountain College, where she would achieve her dreams. There she met Albert Lanier, who she would later marry and have six children with. (DavidZwriner). Prior to enrolling at Black Mountain College, Asawa went on a trip to Mexico, and learned about wire weaving. She was extremely interested in this, and began making wire sculptures, many of which were hanging mobiles. (Schenkenberg, 16.) She would then go on to make many works of art for San Francisco, making her quite popular (New York Times). This gave Asawa a platform, and allowed her to speak about the hardships that Japanese Americans faced. So what did she do about this discrimination? Ruth Asawa used her art to bring attention to how badly the people who had been in the internment camps were treated while there. Though she did not speak much about her personal experience, she openly talked about the harsh experiences faced by those interned. She wanted it to be more recognized in history, instead of it just being forgotten. Asawa wanted those who caused it to be held accountable, and she wanted this to be known. She wanted the fact that people that were born into something they can’t change were being treated badly for no reason. Her efforts are barely recognized in history, though she got some of what she wanted. The

world now knows about the Japanese internment camps. Her art, and her speaking about it, caused the government under the Reagen administration to give 20,000 dollars to those who had faced the internment camps and used it as their form of apology. For years, the government refused to acknowledge what they did. She made sure that they wouldn’t. She stood up for people that didn’t feel like they had a voice. Ruth Aiko Asawa fought for not only just Japanese Americans, but for the Asian community in America as a whole. Along with fighting against racism, she also wanted art to be more acknowledged in schools. She believed that it was just as important as anything else, as it sparked children’s interest in creative things. Ruth Asawa is not a household name. But her constant fighting, her speaking up, allowed the Asian American community to get where it is today. She spoke up for this community whose history was never told. Her legacy stands with us, though we may not acknowledge it. Ruth also fought for art education in public schools, and wanted widespread art education for kids in public schools. (Sometimes with her projects, she would get some kids to help her, by making shapes with a play dough material.) Her, along with many others fighting, influenced the government, under the Reagan Administration to give 20,000 dollars to those whose livelihoods had been disrupted by the internments of those of Japanese descent in the 40’s. This was in 1988. This felt like justice to Japanese Americans. Because it was. Ruth Asawa was a Japanese American artist and changemaker. When she was 16 years old, she and her family were forcibly removed from their home and placed into an internment camp. She learned to draw, and would later go on to learn wire sculpting, and

become a well known artist in the sixties, and speak out about the harsh conditions those in the internment camps faced. She fought for justice to those who had the misfortune of being placed in said internment camps, and wanted their stories to be told. She fought for justice, and fought for the good of the people. Japanese internment was not something people remembered, and she wanted that to change. She fought to make sure that the government was not going to get off the hook for such atrocities, and they never will.

Works Cited: Davidzwirner. “Ruth Asawa Biography.” ​David Zwirner,​ www.davidzwirner.com/artists/ruth-asawa/biography​ . “DC Hillier's MCM Daily - Artist Ruth Asawa.” ​MCM Daily,​ 14 Jan. 2017, www.mcmdaily.com/artists-ruth-asawa/​ . “Ruth Asawa.” ​Ruth Asawa | Densho Encyclopedia,​ encyclopedia.densho.org/Ruth Asawa/ Schenkenberg, Tamara H. ​Ruth Asawa: Life's Work​. Pulitzer Arts Foundation, 2019 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Ruth Asawa.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 21 Jan. 2020, www.britannica.com/biography/Ruth-Aiko-Asawa

Gabriel Garcia Marquez “What matters in life is not what happens to you but what you remember and how you remember it.” “Life is not what one lived, but rather what one remembers, and how it is remembered to tell the tale”

Gabriel Garcia Marquez

Mateo

Gabriel Garcia Marquez Gabriel Garcia Marquez was one of the world's most cherished authors. Born in Colombia and raised by his grandparents, Marquez loved to write from an early age, and he started writing his own books when he was 18. Most famous for his books ​100 Years of Solitude​, ​Love in the Time of Cholera​, and ​The Autumn of the Patriarch,​ he won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1982. We should care about Marquez because of his novels, and because he is an iconic and very well known Latin American writer who changed many people's point of view on South American writers. For these reasons, Gabriel Garcia Marquez left a lasting impact on global literature and culture. He was born on March 6, 1927, in Aracataca, Colombia (Culture Trip). His grandparents raised him as a child. When he was 14 he earned a scholarship to go to school at Jesuit Liceo Nacional Secondary School and graduated in 1946 (Famous People). Marquez moved to Mexico City in 1961, where he soon wrote ​100 Years of Solitude​ (Culture Trip). Marquez’s first books were based on his life, specifically about living with his grandparents and about Colombian culture (Simple Wiki). These are other reasons why Gabriel Garcia Marquez is one of the all time greatest authors. Marquez had two major influences in the community other than literature and writing. First, he built schools for kids in Colombia, and secondly, he founded film institutions in Cuba. Marquez did these things because he believed that by educating young people it would keep them off the streets (Artemisa Radio Web). Marquez wrote his books in the genre known as magical realism, which is a type of literature that blends both realistic and supernatural elements. He is best known for writing in this

genre (Merriam Webster). Marquez changed the world of writing not only in Latin America but also worldwide. Marquez’s books changed many people's point of view on Latin American writers. Because of his impact on education for Latin American youth, as well as his incredible written work, Garbiel Garcia Marquez is someone we should all care about. Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s style of writing influenced other authors. Such as Salman Rushidie who won the booker prize in 1981 with ​Midnight's Children​, Mo Yan who also won the nobel prize in literature (Live Mint), and Dany Laferrie who won the Martin Luther King Jr. achievement award (Wiki). ​“The thing about Garcia Marquez that I admire, that I think is extraordinary, is that his writing is based on a village view of the world," said Rushdie referring to a village in ​100 Years of Solitude (​ Live Mint)​. ​Gabriel Garcia Marquez has inspired many famous authors that have won major awards in the world of literature. These are some more reasons why you should be impressed and care about Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Gabriel Garcia Marquez has left a lasting legacy, he has built schools for kids who could not afford it, he wrote 100 years of solitude, and he won the nobel prize in literature. Marquez is one of the most influential people from the Latin American community. This is why Gabriel Garcia Marquez was a very important person for society. Now I hope that you care and think about Marquez as an amazing person. He said “It always amuses me that the biggest praise for my work comes for the imagination, while the truth is that there’s not a single line in all my work that does not have a basis in reality. The problem is that Caribbean reality resembles the wildest

imagination (Pelayo 63).� Gabriel Garcia Marquez was an amazing man, remember be the change.

Works Cited Bell, Chris. “7 Magical Spots in Colombia That Inspired Gabriel García Márquez.” Culture Trip​, The Culture Trip, 22 June 2017, theculturetrip.com/south-america/colombia/articles/7-magical-spots-in-colombia-th at-inspired-gabriel-garcia-marquez/. “Film School in Cuba Will Pay Homage to García Márquez.” ​Radio Cadena Agramonte​, Radio Cadena Agramonte, 30 Sept. 2014, www.cadenagramonte.cu/english/show/articles/19867:film-school-in-cuba-will-payhomage-to-garcia-marquez. “Gabriel García Márquez Quotes (Author of One Hundred Years of Solitude).” Goodreads,​ Goodreads, www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/13450.Gabriel_Garc_a_M_rquez. “Gabriel García Márquez.” ​Wikipedia​, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Feb. 2020, simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez#Early_life. “Gabriel García Márquez.” ​Wikipedia​, Wikimedia Foundation, 9 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_M%C3%A1rquez. Kandell, Jonathan. “Gabriel García Márquez, Conjurer of Literary Magic, Dies at 87.” The New York Times​, The New York Times, 17 Apr. 2014,

www.nytimes.com/2014/04/18/books/gabriel-garcia-marquez-literary-pioneer-diesat-87.html. Maia, Maria Angelíca. “The Best Books by Gabriel García Márquez You Must Read.” Culture Trip​, The Culture Trip, 17 June 2015, theculturetrip.com/south-america/colombia/articles/the-best-books-by-gabriel-garci a-marquez-you-must-read/. Pelayo Rubén. Gabriel Garcia Marquez: a Biography.​ Greenwood Press, 2009. “Who Was Gabriel Garcia Marquez? Everything You Need to Know.” ​Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline​, www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/gabriel-jos-de-la-concordia-garca-1446.php.

Famous Quotes: “Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time."

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

"Reading is the key that opens doors to many good things in life. Reading shaped my dreams, and more reading helped me make my dreams come true."

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

By: Raleigh

Ruth Bader Ginsburg Ruth Bader Ginsburg is the second female Supreme Court Justice who has stood up for equality and women's rights. She was born on March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York. Both her mother and sister died when she was relatively young (Supreme court History). Ginsburg became a wife and mother before attending Harvard Law. She went to Harvard Law and then transferred to Columbia University to finish her law degree. After graduating, she went on to become a professor at Rutgers Law School before returning to Columbia to teach civil procedure. Wherever Ruth Bader Ginsburg went she was always one of the few women in her field, but despite that, she always stood out in the crowd (Wikipedia). Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s older sister died when she was just a baby so she sadly never really got to meet her. At the time women were underrepresented and were not allowed to do certain things just because they were “female,” and got paid less than men (CNBC). As a kid she lived in a diverse neighborhood but one thing all of the cultures had in common was boys were expected to go and do great things, and girls were to find a husband (Levy). Her mother was one of her biggest influences and taught her the importance of a good education and independence. Her mother’s generosity never ceased to amaze young Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Throughout high school Ginsburg’s mother was suffering from cancer and died the day before her graduation (Jewish Virtual Library). At first Ginsburg had trouble finding a job as a lawyer because she was a woman, had a child, and was Jewish. In 1970 she became involved in the problem of gender equality. In 1972 she became the first experienced woman teaching at Columbia Law School. Later she started the

Women's Rights Project ​of the American Civil ​Liberties Union, which is an organization that defends and preserves all individual rights. ​In 1980 ​she was nominated by President Carter to be on the Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals (Britannica). Ginsburg’s family was run a little bit differently than everyone else at the time in the sense that her husband, Martin, stayed home, cooked, and took care of the kids, while Ruth Bader Ginsburg went out and worked (Levy)! Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s legacy is how she stood up for what was right even when there were a lot of people who disagreed with her. In the end, she inspired lots of ladies and people of color to change the world. She took part in many cases that helped give people of other races more freedom, and made it so women had the choice to do what they want with their lives (Levy). Ginsburg is now 86 years old, and still stands working as a Supreme Court Justice (Biography). Some say she should stay in court, and some say she should leave, but I think she has already made up her mind on what she is going to do. Ruth Bader Ginsburg had suffered through many hardships, (her sister’s death, her mother dying, cancer, etc.) but despite all that, she has still continued helping others, no matter what was going on with her personal life. Ginsburg is an independent and amazing woman and is an inspiration for many Americans. I think that Ruth Bader Ginsburg has done a lot to help our country be more equal and less racist. Her goal was and still is to make america a better place and she definitely reached it. Despite her age she continues to help others as one of her main priorities. As she once said, “Fight for the things that you care about. But do it in a way that will lead others to join you” (Levy).

Works Cited “Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg.” ​The Supreme Court Historical Society - Timeline of the Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg,​ www.supremecourthistory.org/history-of-the-court/the-current-court/justice-ruth-bader-gin sburg/. Levy, Debbie, and Elizabeth Baddeley. ​I Dissent: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Makes Her Mark​. Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 2016. Ruth Bader Ginsburg​, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ruth-bader-ginsburg. “Ruth Bader Ginsburg.” ​Biography.com,​ A&E Networks Television, 28 Feb. 2020, www.biography.com/law-figure/ruth-bader-ginsburg. “Ruth Bader Ginsburg.” ​Wikipedia​, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg. Smentkowski, Brian P., and Aaron M. Houck. “Ruth Bader Ginsburg.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 5 Sept. 2019, www.britannica.com/biography/Ruth-Bader-Ginsburg. Williams, Tom, et al. “Ruth Bader Ginsburg.” ​CNBC​, CNBC, 15 Aug. 2014, www.cnbc.com/ruth-bader-ginsburg/.

LeBron James “You have to accept defeat to get better” “My mom and I have always been there for each other. We’ve had some tough times, but she was always there for me.”

LeBron James

By: James

LeBron James LeBron James was born on December 30, 1984. He is a Black NBA player and he has a family. He has made the famous LeBron James Family Foundation helps families in need of support. In his early years he achieved making the NBA in 2003, and shortly after he got the Rookie of the Year award.. James was named NBA all star eleven years in a row. ​the Contribution that he made appeared in 2004, when he started the LeBron James Family Foundation​.

His foundation helps with education for young adults and children by providing an education and school materials.(wikipedia) LeBron James’s early childhood didn't go so well. Because his mother had him at 16 and his father left him. His parents were Gloria James and Anthony McLelland. Anthony had endless criminal records and had no interest in raising LeBron. His mom had so many struggles, so his basketball coach, Frank Walker, took him in because his mother thought he would have a better life in a stable home and stable family. There he could focus on school, basketball, and more (storytell.com). In 2011 James was researching the high school dropout rate in his hometown Akron, Ohio. He made a choice that affected many lives: he made the I PROMISE school, which goes grade 1-8. So far his school is going well, with 250 students that are on their way to a good high school. When he was a young kid he made it his goal to give back to his community so he made the LeBron James Family Foundation. The foundation is mainly used for providing school stuff and free education for people in need. That's why so many kids are getting an education they

might have never gotten. The foundation also provides guaranteed tuition to those who graduate including uniforms, school materials, etc. (storytell.com) James made a school and a charity, that school helps kids get an education. The charity is for donating to people in need of education and for his school. His school has 250 people there currently. The lebronJames family foundation has raised over 41 million dollars. Because of him there are many kids and young adults that got an education they might have never gotten. To summarize it he gave kids and young adults get an education they might have never gotten, he made a charity and school etc.(guidestar.org) James isn't just the best basketball player of all time he is also a very wonderful and giving person. He made a charity used to give people education. He also made a school that provides all of the students needs and a guaranteed free education to the next school they can go to. That is why LeBron is a good person and a change maker. As LeBron James said,�you have to accept failure to get better.�

Works Cited Editors, SportyTell. “LeBron James Biography Facts, Childhood, Personal Life.” ​SportyTell​, SportyTell, 17 Jan. 2020, sportytell.com/basketball/lebron-james-biography-facts-childhood-personal-life/. Guidestar.org,​ www.guidestar.org/profile/02-0716277. “LeBron James Biography, LeBron James Achievements, LeBron James Career Stats.” Edubilla.com,​ www.edubilla.com/sport/basketball/players/lebron-james/. “LeBron James.” ​Wikipedia,​ Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Mar. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeBron_James.

Martin Luther King, Jr. “I have decided to stick with love. Hate is too great a burden to bear.” “In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.”

Martin Luther King Jr.

By: Tanyse

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was one of the founders and leaders in the Civil Rights Movement (Bader). In the year 1964, King was the youngest to win a Nobel Peace Prize (Ducksters). MLK was the one of the founders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), an organization that worked against racism. He became the symbolic leader of African Americans (Anirudh). Because of the work he did for the Black community, as well as other groups, during the Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther King is still an influential person in our world. When MLK was growing up he was in a nice loving neighborhood. Everyone was nice to him and he never got bullied. His parents tried to keep him away from racism but they just couldn’t. During that time King started fighting for rights and at that time he was being bullied because of his color and race (Biography). Dr. King faced a hard time. When he was younger MLK had a friend named Michael and he was a White American. When he was six his parents said to him that he couldn’t play with him anymore because he was a different race and skin color. That made both of them really upset because they couldn’t play with each other because of the law and this is why King did such amazing things for the community (Bader). Dr. King was an American preacher, human activist, and a leader of the African American Civil Rights Movement. When he was young he became a Civil Rights activist. In 1955 he led the Montgomery Bus Boycott and was one of the founders of SCLC. In 1963 he led the March on Washington and during that event he delivered his “I Have A Dream '' speech (New Pittsburgh Courier). In 1964 he was nominated for a

Nobel Peace Prize (Nobel Prize). He was nominated because of the work he did in the Civil Rights Movement (Crdl.usg). King had a strong belief on protest activities. He was part of boycotts, marches, and more. MLK had a bunch of wonderful achievements and accomplishments in this world. Dr. King made the SCLC and it's still with us today. SCLC is important in our world because African American’s wanted to receive faith and justice and not let injustice get to them. SCLC’s motto was: (spartacus-educational). Mlk is not in our world today but just because he is not here that doesn’t mean that you can’t celebrate him or at least give him gratitude. He made a lot of achievements and he made somethings that are still with us today. As Martin Luther King, Jr. once said “The right time is always to do what is right.” Be the change.

​ ​Works Cited Anirudh. “Major Accomplishments From Martin Luther King, Jr.” ​Learnodo Newtonic,​ 12 Sept. 2018, learnodo-newtonic.com/martin-luther-king-jr-accomplishments. Bader, Bonnie. ​Who Was Martin Luther King, Jr.?​ Grosset & Dunlap, 2016. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Nobel Prize - Martin Luther King, Jr.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 28 Feb. 2020, www.britannica.com/topic/Nobel-Prize. Kinney, Jeff. “Martin Luther King, Jr. Biography.” ​Ducksters Educational Site​, 2020, www.ducksters.com/. “Martin Luther King, Jr. Biography .” ​Biography.com​, A&E Networks Television, www.biography.com/. “Spartacus Educational - Martin Luther King, Jr.” ​Spartacus Educational​, Spartacus Educational, spartacus-educational.com/. “Welcome to the Civil Rights Digital Library.” ​Civil Rights Digital Library,​ crdl.usg.edu/.

Harvey Milk

“The only thing they have to look forward to is hope. And you have to give them hope. Hope for a better world, hope for a better tomorrow, hope for a better place to come to if the pressures at home are too great. Hope that all will be alright. Without hope, not only gays, but the blacks, the seniors, the handicapped, the uses, the uses will give up.”

“It takes no compromise to give people their rights…it takes no money to respect the individual. It takes no political deal to give people freedom. It takes no survey to remove repression.”

Harvey Milk By: Eloise

Harvey Milk Harvey Milk was known for being the first openly gay elected official in the U.S, where he was elected to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. Born in a Jewish family between the two world wars in 1930, Milk had always thought of the unfairness and unjustice torward people such as gay or Jewish, and became dedicated to help make a change. After serving in the milatary, Milk moved to San Fransico for a better life, and ran for supervisor to help the unequalty torwards gay people, and continued until he was assassinated in 1978. Harvey influenced millions of people to stand up to the injustice around them, and come out of their closet, shutting the doors behind them (Encyclopedia of World Biography). Milk spoke out on state and national issues of interest to LGBTQ+ people, women, racial and ethnic minorities, and other marginalized communities. Milk lowered the cost for houses to help people who are in poverty, and he established a day care center for working parents who don’t have enough time to care for their kids. Harvey Milk was born in 1930, in Woodmere, New York, as the second son of William and Minerva Milk (Encyclopedia of World Biography). Milk had always imagined how he would be treated if people knew he was different. To fit in, Milk played many sports, such as basketball, and turned out quite popular among his classmates. He was talented and gifted in skills such as mathematics, and even participated in his school’s college newspaper. After his graduation from the New York State College for Teachers, Milk joined the Navy serving as lieutenant before he was honorably discharged (Biography.com). After being a math teacher, Milk decided life was too boring for him and moved to San Francisco. The police in San Francisco were not supporters of the gay

community. Milk experienced harsh treatments from the police, and saw the hatred from the police towards gay people. Out of the window of his shop, Castro Camera, Milk saw police beating up people from the gay community on the streets. Milk was soon tied into this issue and wanted to help make a change. In 1973, Milk became interested in the office and decided to run for the Board of Supervisors, but with little votes. People on his street supported him, calling him, “The Mayor of Castro Street.” His manager, Anne Cronenberg, was a great help. She was indentified as a lesbian and supported him and his race to help stop injustice among people who are not just apart of the LGBTQ+ community, but for people who are treated unfairly or viewed as different or handicapped. The second time Milk ran for the spot in office, he was only a few votes off, which he then became motivated to not give up. Finally, in 1977, Harvey Milk was elected to the Board of Supervisors, influencing millions of people to stand up to the injustice around them, viewing him as a role model (Encyclopedia of World Biography). One of the first laws that Milk wrote said that “A​ person can go to court if his rights are violated once this is passed” (GoodReads). Before this many gay people where pulled out of their jobs due to parents thinking that the gay people would make their kids gay and copy their teacher’s behavior. Because of this, many gay people were pulled out of their jobs, lost their homes, rights, and their sexuality, being forced to not be gay. After this law though, many people regained their rights to be what they are and have the same rights as any person has. Milk changed the way that gay people where viewed. Little kids looked up to him as a role model and an inspirational person to keep them going even if they are

treated differently for their sexuality. As he said, “All men are created equal.” Harvey Milk influenced millions of people to stand up for their rights, and open their closet doors (Sant). After Harvey Milk was killed by his former supervisor, Bill White, in 1978, Milk left a lasting mark on history. Thanks to him, the LGBTQ+ community is increasingly more free from injustice and can more openly serve as a teacher, or any job they can get. That said, there is definitely still work to be done, but Milk’s work inspires millions of activists to push for their rights. In 2009, 31 years after he passed away from assasination, President Obama bestowed slain gay rights icon Harvey Milk with a “posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation’s highest civilian honor award” (Washington Times). Because of Harvey Milk, hundreds of gay people came out of their closet door, and when he died, many more came out. One of Milk’s famous saying is, “I would like to see every gay docter come out, every gay lawyer, every gay architect come out, stand up and let the world know.” Everyday, on Nov. 27, since Milk’s death, Cleve Jones marches along with hundreds of people, carrying flickering candles from Harvey Milk Plaza to City Hall (News). Harvey Milk led thousands of people out of the closet and inspired many people to stand up for their rights. He helped people who are different, or disabled, have a better community to live in, and so more people are adjusting to the people around them and are becoming more accepting. Harvey milk was a big change in our society because he influenced millions, who are not just gay, but LGBTQ+ to stand up to. As Harvey Milk said, “It takes no compromise to give people their rights...it takes no money to respect the individual. It takes no political deal to give people freedom. It takes no survey to remove repression.”

Works Cited “Harvey Milk.” ​Biography.com,​ A&E Networks Television, 21 Nov. 2019, www.biography.com/activist/harvey-milk. “Harvey Milk Biography.” ​Encyclopedia of World Biography​, www.notablebiographies.com/Ma-Mo/Milk-Harvey.html. Sant, Gus Van, director. ​Milk​. Focus Features, 2008. “Showing All Quotes That Contain 'Harvey Milk'.” ​Goodreads,​ Goodreads, www.goodreads.com/quotes/search?utf8=✓&q=harvey+milk&commit=Search​.

“The fight is never about grapes or lettuce. It is always about the people.” “Our language is the reflection of ourselves. A language is an exact reflection of the character and growth of its speakers.”

Cesar Estrada Chavez

Cesar Chavez

By: Elijah

Cesar Chavez The great story of Cesar Estrada Chavez, a Latino American civil rights activist, labor organizer, and a prominent union leader is a story that would affect US agriculture as we know it (History). Cesar Chavez was born in 1927, in the town of Yuma (TZP). Chavez was under the roof of one of the ‘invisible’ farming families. The family owned a ranch and a grocery store for a short time until the great depression (FTM). The family lost all their businesses and moved to California where they would face a greater number of problems (FTM). They settled in California as migrant farm workers, and Chavez also quit school to help his mother in the fields (FTM). He later enlisted in the Navy for 2 years, later saying that it was “the worst two years of his life” (FTM). These experiences hardened him and led him to be a later very famous civil rights activist for the conditions of California farmers (Pao). Chavez lived in a very agricultural area, with farmers around every nook and cranny (Pao). But these farmers didn’t have high wages (Biography). They worked on minimum wage with sad lives. They couldn’t afford more than a loaf of bread and maybe some crackers (NPR). All of the legions of farmers lived in primitive - no electricity - houses full of 20 people in each house, shamed for communism (Pao). Chavez also saw segregation in the Navy, and served in a segregated unit during World War 2 (TFP). Throughout all the hardships of grinding through poverty, segregation, and many other things, all Cesar Chavez wanted was better conditions for California farmers (Pao). Chavez would get justice later in the future, and he knew that he would get justice (NPR). After the Navy, Chavez worked in the farms until 1952, until he became the organizer for a civil rights group, the CSO - Community Service Organization - (Pao). Chavez with Dolores

Huerta, founded the National Farmworkers Association (TFP). The group was later named the United Farm Workers (TFP). Chavez also supported the Delano Grape Strike for Filipino American farm laborers to get higher wages (NPR). In 1965, the United Farm Workers led a strike on California grape farms that lasted for 5 years. The United Farm Workers marched with the farmhands from Delano to the California State Capitol (Pao). Seeking better conditions, they got help from Robert F. Kennedy, a senator who supported their strike (TFP). Chavez then boycotted through the 70s and organized strikes again and again, leading to one of the biggest farm worker strikes in history. He did this for farmers to finally get what they deserved, higher wages. This was all because of the dedication of Chavez and with the help of Dolores Huerta. They finally finished the strike against the California grape industry in 1970 (The Famous People). Cesar Estrada Chavez was inspired by many people, such as Cesar Chavez fasted for 25 days to promote non violence, a Gandhian principle and the Catholic tradition of ‘Penance’ A way of repenting and vollenteerly punishing themselves. Chavez was also inspired by Gandhi, who used nonviolent civil disobedience to fight for independence from the british rule. Many museums have been made in tribute to Cesar Estrada Chavezes legacy of helping California farm workers get their place back with the help of Dolores Huerta and the UFW. ( La Causa ) Since then, there hasn’t been that much accomplishments made since, the California farm workers minimum wage raised by one dollar, but that's about all that happened. Chavez's legacy impacted us, making the UFW and finding equality for farm workers, he may have been a communist you can’t blame him for growing up in a farm region.

This man's name was Cesar Estrada Chavez. A communist, a civil rights leader, and a man that wanted justice. Did he deserve justice? Yes, he deserved even more than justice, Cesar Chavez deserved every right to be his own functioning human, and help others achieve that goal again too. Cesar Chavez may have been shamed, but it doesn’t matter. No matter whether you're a civil rights leader, union organizer, or a Navy SEAL you always can bring justice to others. Stand up to the oppressors no matter what, and ​Be The Change.​

Works Cited: Levy, Jacques E., and César Estrada Chávez. ​Cesar Chavez Autobiography of La Causa​. Univ. of Minnesota Press, 2007. Pao, Maureen. “Cesar Chavez: The Life Behind A Legacy Of Farm Labor Rights.” ​NPR,​ NPR, 12 Aug. 2016, www.npr.org/2016/08/02/488428577/cesar-chavez-the-life-behind-a-legacy-of-farm-labo r-rights. “Who Was Cesar Chavez? Everything You Need to Know.” Translated by The Famous People, Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline​, 11 Apr. 2009, www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/csar-estrada-chvez-988.php. Networks, Television. “Cesar Chavez.” ​Biography.com​, A&E Networks Television, 9 Sept. 2019, www.biography.com/activist/cesar-chavez.

Barack Obama

Barack Obama

By: Ethan

Barack Obama Barack Obama was the first African American President of the United States, who has won the Nobel Peace Prize for his worldwide impact. Born to a Kenyan father and white American mother, Obama was primarily raised by his mom. Due to the diversity of his family, Barack Obama always looked for ways to bring different types of people together. After law school he went on to become a US Senator and ultimately president of our country (Wallenfeldt, Mendell). Because he was President of the United States, Obama has inspired/given confidence to many other Black children and other children who have faced adversity. He has influenced children and because of this, people have realized that anyone can achieve greatness and do anything they put their mind to. Barack Hussein Obama II was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, on August 4th, 1961 (Biography). Obama had a father from Kenya and a mother from Kansas, and they divorced when he was very young (Wallenfeldt, Mendell). Obama had a white mother and a Black dad, and because of this, he wanted to help/look for different ways to bring diverse people together. After his parents divorced, Obama's mother remarried another foreign student, Lolo Soetoro, from Indonesia. They had a daughter named Maya, and Obama then moved to Jakarta with his family and spent a while there (Schuman 19). Obama returned to Hawaii in 1971 and lived in a modest apartment, sometimes with his grandparents and other times with his mom. In 1979 he graduated from Punahou School. Obama attended Occidental College in Los Angeles for 2 years, and then went to Columbia University in New York City, where in 1983 he received a bachelor's degree in political science. He returned to law school three years later at Harvard University, where he was the first African American to serve as the president of the Harvard Law Review.

After Obama received his law degree, he moved to Chicago and became a part of the Democratic Party. “He organized a project vote, where he registered tens of thousands of African Americans on voting rolls which helped Democrat Bill Clinton win Illinois and capture presidency in 1992” (Wallenfeldt, Mendell). In 1996 Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate, “he helped pass legislation that tightened campaign finance regulations, expanded health care to poor families, and reformed criminal justice and welfare laws” (Wallenfeldt, Mendell). In 2004, Obama was elected to the U.S Senate. While he was campaigning for the U.S senate he got recognition by saying a speech at the Democratic National Convention. The speech was about how all Americans were connected in different ways that transcend political, cultural, and geographical differences. Obama's personal charisma, stirring oratory, and campaign promise to change the established political system, resonated with a lot of young Democrats, especially minority voters. On January 3rd, 2008, Obama won a surprise victory in the first nominating contest. But five days later, Obama finished second to Hillary Clinton in the New Hampshire primary. On August 27th, 2008 Obama became the first African American to be nominated for the presidency. On November 4th, 2008 Barack Obama was elected as president of the United states. He was re-elected for a second term in 2012. As a president, Obama took multiple steps that indicated shifts in tone. He signed an executive order, which banned excessive interrogation techniques. He ordered the military detention facility to close, and a year later, Obama asked for a “fresh start” to strained relations with Russia, and he traveled to Cairo to deliver a historical speech, in which he reached out to the muzlum world. Obama later won the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 2009 (Wallenfeldt, Mendell).

Obama’s legacy is still being created, but he has been a role model for Black Americans, showing them that despite racism, they can achieve great things. He was the first African American president, and he is a very inspirational model to many people. He is one of the most memorable presidents in history. Even though he has left office he has made some unforgettable changes. Some of these changes are the Affordable Care Act, the Paris climate change agreement, and the Deferred Action on Childhood arrivals. These acts have made Obama a very inspirational president/person. Many children look up to him, and he has given hope to those in need. Barack Obama was the first African American president of the U.S.A., and because of this has influenced many children around the world. He is an inspirational model for Black children and has given them confidence to do great things, and that you can do whatever you put your mind to. Obama has helped many children around the world, and has won the Nobel Peace prize for these acts. He was the 44th president of the United States and has had a huge effect on society today. If Obama was not the president of the United States, the world could be a lot different than it is today. “Obama’s lasting legacy/impact on American life may turn out to have been the greatest in United States history” (Nelson).

Works Cited “Barack Obama.” ​Biography.com​, A&E Networks Television, 11 Feb. 2020, www.biography.com/us-president/barack-obama. “Barack Obama.” ​The White House​, The United States Government, www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/barack-obama/. Devaney, Sherri, and Mark Devaney. ​Barack Obama​. Lucent Books, 2007. Edwards, Roberta, and John O'Brien. ​Who Is Barack Obama?​ Grosset & Dunlap, 2012. Nelson, Michael, and Rhodes College. “Barack Obama: Impact and Legacy.” ​Miller Center,​ 16 Sept. 2019, millercenter.org/president/obama/impact-and-legacy. Schuman, Michael. ​Barack Obama: "We Are One People".​ Enslow Publishers, 2008. Wallenfeldt, Jeff, and David Mendell. “Barack Obama.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 12 Feb. 2020, www.britannica.com/biography/Barack-Obama.

A. Philip Randolph

Freedom is never given, it is won.

Make wars unprofitable and make them impossible.

A. Philip Randolph

By Michael

A. Philip Randolph A. Philip Randolph was a social activist who fought for labor rights for African Americans in the 20th century. He was born on April​ 15, 1889, and died on May 16, 1979. His parents were hard workers and respected learning. He was famous for starting the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters(BSCP) and helped African Americans gain more rights (Biography). This is only a little of why he was a change maker. A. Philip Randolph was born on April 15, 1889, in Crescent City, Florida. He was the second son of his father, James Randolph. His mom was Elizabeth, and both of them were supporters of African Americans’ labor rights. They also just supported human rights in general. Their family eventually moved to Jacksonville for most of Philip's childhood. After a while, Philip attended the Cookman Institute, one of the first institutions of better learning for Black people (Biography). The issue in his time was African American labor rights. His family helped and supported these rights, But he could not help at a young age. As he got older he started to help more and cared for it more. In 1925, Randolph started the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. He was the president of it and sought the ​union's official inclusion in the American Federation of Labor​. ​The BSCP met with resistance primarily from the Pullman Company, which was the largest employer of blacks for that time. Randolph kept battling to get the membership. In 1937 he did get it and it made the BSGP the first African American labor union in the US. In 1940 his abilities as an organizer were so high that he began to dedicate his life to stop racial discrimination (Biography).

After that, A. Philip Randolph inspired many people to help stop racial discrimination. He said, “freedom is never given, it is won”(Inspiring Quotes). That is one of the many quotes he said. It means you never have stuff just given to you. You have to work to get it. People work every day, in schools, factories, and car washes. people work for things everywhere. He worked to stop racial discrimination, which was a big thing they needed. Even though he has died he made a big impact and if racial discrimination comes up again people will stop it because they know people have before. This is why he had a great impact on our country. He was a great person who lived in our country. He fought for African American labor rights and he won. African Americans are grateful for his work and people who did not like that Africam Americans did not have labor rights. He was a great person to do it and people loved him for his work. As he said ​“Salvation for a race, nation or class must come from within​” (Brainy Quote)

Works Cited “A. Philip Randolph Quotes.” ​BrainyQuote,​ Xplore,. “A. Philip Randolph.” ​Biography.com,​ A&E Networks Television, 12 Sept. 2019, www.biography.com/activist/a-philip-randolph. Inspiringquotes.us. “Top 17 Quotes of A. PHILIP RANDOLPH Famous Quotes and Sayings: Inspringquotes.us.” ​Inspiring Quotes​, www.inspiringquotes.us/author/5840-a-philip-randolph. Patterson, Lillie. ​A. Philip Randolph: Messenger for the Masses​. Facts on File, 1996.

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass

By William

Frederick Douglass Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave and became the leader the abolitionist movement, which was the practice to end slavery before and during the civil war. He was born in Cordova, Maryland. Born in 1818 into slavery, he escaped many years later in 1838 when he was about 20 years old. Because he escaped slavery, he had to lay low in New York with a friend who had a place there. After that, he began the practice to end slavery before and during the civil war. Once that had ended, he started writing journals and diary entries until his death on Feb. 20, 1985. Because Frederick Douglass ended the practice of slavery and effected millions of black people’s lives, he should be remembered and cared about by everyone forever and ever (History.com) Frederick Douglass was born right into slavery and was immediately treated unfairly and abused by his master. Douglass not only was treated unfairly and abused, his mom was taken away from him at a very young age and rarely got to see her. Since his mom was taken away, he was left with his grandmother who he had to watch get beaten by her master while she was strapped to the wall. Douglass was watching all of this from the closet and he was horrified by what he saw. Years later, his grandmother had to abandon him and he was left all alone. Later on, he started getting beaten by his master and got switched masters a few times. His third beating, he decided he wasn’t going to let that happen. So instead he beat his master, and that was the last time he would ever get a beating (Campagna). After that, he escaped slavery and had to lay low in New York with a friend for a few months. Once Douglass was done laying low, he started the practice to end slavery before and during the civil war. He affected many black peoples’ lives by ending the practice of slavery for

everyone (Campagna). Douglass returned from​ G ​ reat Britain and Ireland with enough funds to purchase his freedom and also to start his own antislavery newspaper, the ​North Star​ (later Frederick Douglass’s Paper​), which he published from 1847 to 1860 in Rochester, New York. This eventually led to ending the practice of slavery and affecting many black peoples lives forever and ever. (Britannica.com) “​Frederick Douglass’ most important legacy was the use of his words to fight for the freedom and rights of African Americans.”(Frederick Douglass Heritage.com) Douglass used his public speaking and writing skills in his life to communicate​ ​his desire to free African American slaves which led to the Emancipation Proclamation brought by President Abraham Lincoln (Frederick Douglass Heritage.com). And thanks to Frederick Douglass, slavery is now illegal. Now Black People have opportunities to work in the real world, get paid, and most importantly, get treated with the respect that they deserve (Frederick Douglass Heritage.com). Frederick Douglass ended the practice of slavery and affected millions of Black people’s lives and should be remembered forever and ever. Born into slavery, Frederick Douglass was treated unfairly and abused. He eventually escaped slavery and started the practice to end slavery. D​ouglass used his public speaking skills in his life to communicate​ ​his desire to free African American slaves which led to the Emancipation Proclamation brought by President Abraham Lincoln. ​“I prefer to be true to myself, even at the hazard of incurring the ridicule of others, rather than to be false, and to incur my own abhorrence.” ― ​Frederick Douglass(Good Reads) Be the change

Works Cited Campagna, Daniel S. “Frederick Douglass: An American Slave.” 17 Feb. 2019, Bridgeport, 910 Fairfield Ave Ste 3, Bridgeport, CT 06605. Douglass, Frederick, and Robert G. O'Meally. ​Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave.​ Barnes & Noble Classics, 2020. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Frederick Douglass.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 16 Feb. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Frederick-Douglass “Frederick Douglass Quotes (Author of Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass).” Goodreads​, Goodreads, ​www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/18943.Frederick_Douglass​. History.com Editors. “Frederick Douglass.” ​History.com​, A&E Television Networks, 27 Oct. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/frederick-douglass “Legacy and Significance of Frederick Douglass.” ​Legacy and Significance of Frederick Douglass | Frederick Douglass Heritage,​ http://www.frederick-douglass-heritage.org/legacy-significance/

Harriet Tubman

Har​riet ​Tub​man

By: Lara

Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman was a Black abolitionist, who over the years freed thousands of slaves. She was never caught and never left a slave behind. Tubman was born somewhere between 1820 - 1822 to Benjamin Ross and Harriet “Rit” Green, in Dorchester County, Maryland. Tubman’s birth name was Araminta Ross (Michaels). But everyone called her Minty (​McDonough​). During her long life she freed thousands of slaves, which is why Harriet Tubman’s legacy should be honored and shared. Harriet Tubman grew up with her parents, but it was complicated for her. Benjamin Ross was owned by a different slave master than Harriet Green. She was supposed to be freed at the age of 45, but she wasn’t. When Tubman learned this her mother was 70. During her childhood, Harriet’s mother did her best to keep the family together. She did a good job of it. This influenced Tubman’s childhood because she often saw her family. At the age of five, Tubman was “rented out” to neighbors, as they could not afford their own slave (McCann and Weldmen). But soon after she arrived, it became clear that she simply could not manage to do the housework demanded of her. Happily, she was sent home, back to her mother. By this time her father had been freed. When she was twelve, she started showing signs of unhappiness and discomfort with the idea of slavery. An example of this is, she intervened when an escaped slave was recaptured and intercepted the blow from the slave master. Sadly the two pound counter weight hit her on her forehead. This heart stopping incident left her with a lifetime of narcolepsy and severe headaches. Even though these sleep spells scared her, she kept fighting. Tubman continuously tried to help other slaves escape no matter

what the conditions were. She herself had always dreamed of escaping (McCann and Weldman). In 1844, when Harriet Tubman was 25, she married a free Black man named John Tubman. This is how she became Harriet “Tubman '' and not Harriet Ross. John Tubman’s parents had been freed soon before their master died, so he was born a free black. After marrying him, because he was free, all she could think about was running away to the free countries, in her case this was Pennsylvania (​Mcdonough)​. Unfortunately, John Tubman thought it was a bad idea. He said that if she ran away he would tell her master. She knew this was not a joke or lie, he was serious. One of Tubman’s first acts of rebellion against slavery came when she heard that her niece Kessiah Bowley was going to be sold, along with her two children. Kessiah’s husband, a free black man called John Bowley, made the highest bid for them at an auction in Baltimore and bought his family. Tubman then helped the whole group reach freedom in Philadelphia, an area where slavery was, and still is, banned (Biography). ​In order to free more slaves, in bigger groups, Harriet Tubman used the Underground Railroad which was a network of safe houses, where slaves could hide. The safe houses were owned by Quakers who were white people who were against slavery. They would occasionally be put to work there in order to disguise their escape. Tubman used it so often she was considered to be the one who started, created, and made the Railroad, however this is false. In 1861, during the Civil War, Tubman started to work as a nurse, cook, and spy for the Union Army. She was the first woman to lead a military

expedition. She often led groups of African-American soldiers. On her biggest raid she freed 300 - 750 slaves (depending on the source). Harriet Tubman is the most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad which is her greatest legacy. As a result of her actions, a century later, she inspired a black feminist group to take the name Combahee River Collective in honor of her. They were powerful speakers for women’s suffrage, just as Tubman had been in her later life. Despite living in near poverty, she donated money to lots of different causes. She even gave away some land near her home in Auburn, New York so that the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, which cared for impoverished Blacks, could be created. Ultimately she herself lived and died there from pneumonia on March 10, 1913 (Barbara Maranzani). Despite being born into slavery, she stood up for the rights of women and slaves and helped others whenever she could. She even suffered permanent physical disability in the process. She was recruited into the Union Army because they recognised that she was able to rescue slaves undetected. She worked extensively with the Underground Railroad to free slaves. She inspired many people, donated money and other goods to charity, and created a safe home for the poor, elderly black. ​During her life she freed thousands of slaves, which is why Harriet Tubman’s legacy should be honored and shared.

Works Cited Page “Harriet Tubman.” ​Biography.com​, A&E Networks Television, 16 Jan. 2020, www.biography.com/activist/harriet-tubman. Lewis, Jone Johnson. “Biography of Harriet Tubman: Freed Slaves, Fought for the Union Army.” ​ThoughtCo​, ThoughtCo, 29 July 2019, www.thoughtco.com/harriet-tubman-biography-3529273. Maranzani, Barbara. “Harriet Tubman: 8 Facts About the Daring Abolitionist.” History.com​, A&E Television Networks, 31 May 2013, www.history.com/news/harriet-tubmans-daring-raid-150-years-ago. McCann, Michelle Roehm, and Amelie Welden. ​Girls Who Rocked the World: Heroines from Joan of Arc to Mother Teresa​. Aladdin, 2012. Michals, Debra. “Harriet Tubman.” ​National Women's History Museum​, www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/harriet-tubman.

SOJOURNER TRUTH

“A in

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an ”

Sojourner Truth

By: Clarissa

Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth, known as Isabella Baumfree at the time she was a slave, was an African American abolitionist and women's rights activist. She was born around 1797 in Swartekill in Ulster County, New York. Truth was born a slave and her first owner was named Colonel Hardenbergh. Her parents were James and Elizabeth Baumfree and she was one of about twelve children. Her dad was a captured slave from Ghana (Biography.com.) Her mother was the daughter of slaves from Guinea (​New York Slavery Records Index​.) One of her most famous speeches is called, “Ain’t I a Woman?” (Sojourner Truth Quotes) Because Sojourner Truth fought and worked so hard and so long for what she wanted, she has left a lasting legacy in our world. Sojourner Truth was born a slave and was owned by Colonel Hardenbergh. She was with her family at the time and people called her Belle. After her owner died, their new one was Charles Hardenbergh, who was the Colonel's son. Truth’s family was separated from her after Charles Hardenbergh died because she was sold with a flock of sheep for $100 at an auction. John Neely, who was her new owner, was remembered to be harsh and violent to Truth (Biography.com.) After a few more years, she had numerous owners and then when she was 13, someone called John Dumont bought her. Truth worked for him for 17 years. A law was made in New York that all slaves would be freed if their birthday was before July 4​th​, 1799, but you could not be freed until July 4​th​, 1827 (Sojourner Truth Biography). In 1815, Sojourner Truth and a slave from close by named Robert, fell in love and they had a daughter called Diana. Roberts’s owner banned them from seeing each other so they never saw each other again. Neither of them could even keep their daughter.

Dumont owned her now. Two years later, he forced Truth to marry a slave called Thomas. They had a son and two daughters. When Truth heard that John Dumont wanted to keep her enslaved longer, she escaped with one of her daughters, Sophia, one year earlier than planned (Biography.com.) After she escaped, Truth discovered that Peter, her son that was five at the time, was sold illegally to a man in Alabama. She went to court with the issue and got her son back. That was one of the first cases that a black woman won against a white man in America. A few years later, Truth's son, Peter, got a job on a whaling ship, which is a boat that catches whales. Truth got a few letters from her son from the ship, but a couple years later when the boat came back, he was gone and she never saw him again. On June 1​st​, 1843, she changed her same to Sojourner Truth, and she committed her life to the Methodist religion and to abolishing slavery. A year later, Sojourner Truth joined the Northampton Association of Education and industry. She met a lot of abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and David Ruggles. She gave many speeches about slavery and human rights (Biography.com.) In 1851, one of the speeches that she said there was very famous. It was called, “Ain’t I a Woman?” (Teaching Tolerance) That speech she gave stood out to everyone because it was an inspiring one on women's capabilities and a demand for their equal rights. (PBS Learning Media.) When Sojourner Truth was 60, she sold her house and moved to a small community called Harmonia. This was a place where the blacks and whites lived together near Battle Creek, Michigan. Other abolitionists lived there and were happy to have Truth there too. She spent time with her daughters Diana and Elizabeth. At the time, slavery was banned in

the North but the South still liked having slaves, to help with their crops. The government tried to keep the country together, even though they used different laws. But they weren’t working, so a war started. James Caldwell, who was Truth's grandson, signed up to fight for the North. She asked the people in Battle Creek to donate food, and Truth brought it for the soldiers for Thanksgiving. Thousands of slaves came to the North, trying to join the army, or start a new life as free people. They had no jobs and no home, and Truth wanted to help them. She went there, and they were living in shacks! They didn’t have any food, or clothes, so she showed them everything they needed to know about it. The war went on for 4 years and finally the Southern General, named Robert E. Lee, surrendered and it was over. The issue of slavery was solved, but womens rights were not. Many things had happened to Sojourner Truth for being black. For example, when she was calling out to drivers hoping to ride a streetcar, none of them stopped. She saw more signs of racism, like signs for swimming pools, where she couldn’t go. She went to court and won another case against a white man. (Who Was Sojourner Truth?) Even though the war ended, the slaves still weren’t paid for their many years of work. Sojourner Truth thought that should happen so she told her idea to the current president, Ulysses S. Grant. He listened, but he did not take notes and didn't help her. So she went to the Congress and gave a speech. People enjoyed it very much, so she started a petition and many people signed it. Truth gave speeches around the area. Sammy, who was her grandson, got very sick and died before he was even 25. She fought so hard around the country and helped make lots of things right. She grew tired and weary so she went home to Battle Creek. She died a few years later and she was buried next to her grandson, Sammy.

Many people remember her and she was a very important person in this country. (Who Was Sojourner Truth?) Sojourner Truth was such an important person because she helped ban slavery. Truth was born into slavery, sold at the age of nine, and was taken away from her family. She fought for abolishing slavery and womans rights for many years. She worked hard and helped so many people during the Civil War and was important to the people in her country. One of her many famous quotes was, “Truth is powerful and it prevails.�

Works Cited Benton, Ned. “Sojourner Truth – Identifying Her Family and Owners.” ​New York Slavery

Records Index​, nyslavery.commons.gc.cuny.edu/2017/07/04/sojourner-truth-identifying-her_family -and-slave-owners/. Editors. “Sojourner Truth.” ​Biography.com​, A&E Networks Television, 10 Jan. 2020, www.biography.com/activist/sojourner-truth. Lewis, Jone Johnson. “What Are Some of Sojourner Truth's Best Quotes?” ​ThoughtCo​, ThoughtCo, 25 May 2019, www.thoughtco.com/sojourner-truth-quotes-3530178. McDonough, Yona Zeldis. ​Who Was Sojourner Truth?​ Paw Prints, 2016. Baber, Fabian. “Sojourner Truth: Abolitionist and Women's Rights Activist.” ​PBS

LearningMedia​, American Icons, 5 Feb. 2020, cptv.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/americon-lp-sojourner-truth/sojourner-truth/# .Xmd-147Yrsk.

Jesse Owens The only victory that matters is the one over yourself -Jesse Owens

Life doesn’t give you all the practice races you need -Jesse Owens

Jesse Owens

By Teddy

Jesse Owens James Cleveland Owens (later known as Jesse) was a runner in the 20th century who forever changed the way that people look at African Americans. Born on September 12, 1913, the youngest of ten children, Jesse quickly showed his spectacular speed. He attended Ohio State University where he broke more records. Finally, he competed in the 1936 Summer Olympic Games where he put on one of the most famous performances ever(Schapp 71). When he returned home he taught swimming and basketball until his death on March 31, 1980. Jesse Owens will always be remembered as a spectacular runner and the man who showed the world what the Nazis really were .(Schapp 11) Owens was a sickly child, often too frail to help his brothers and father in the field (Notable Biographies). His father, Henry Cleveland Owens, was a sharecropper (a farmer who rents land). When the Owens family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, Owen’s new teacher asked him his name. He said J. C but because of his strong southern accent the teacher thought he said “Jesse.” When Owens was in fifth grade his athletic supervisor asked him to join the track team. Owens said yes, and a weak boy developed into a strong runner (Notable Biographies). By the time he graduated high school he had won the 200-yard dash, the 100-yard dash and the broad jump at the National Championships. College was too expensive for the Owens family but Jesse eventually agreed to go to Ohio State University after they found his father a job. In college, Owens worked three jobs to help pay his tuition. He experienced severe racism but that only made him work harder. At the 1935 BIG 10 Conference Championships in Michigan, Owens broke three world records and tied another(Britannica). He was selected to compete at the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The African American runners on his team also faced

racism as severe as the racism that Owens was facing. Many thought Owens would back out because of the pressure and heat he was taking, but instead he won four gold medals in the 100m sprint, the 200m sprint, the 4x100m relay, and the long jump. Best of all, the German crowd went crazy for him. Hitler angrily left the stadium (Notable Biographies). Owens will always be remembered. After his death in 1980, his family started the Jesse Owens Foundation, a non-profit organization that promotes youth development (PR News Wire). In 1984, four years after Owens death, a street in Berlin was named in his honor(Notable Biographies). In 1990, Owens was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. Jesse Owens is known for being more than a runner and he always will be. Jesse Owens was one of the most famous track stars of all time. He will always be remembered as more than an athlete and a man who showed the world what the Nazi’s really were. In between Luz Long helping him in the long jump and Adolf Hitler refusing to shake his hand, he proved that he was made of something bigger, better, faster, and stronger than your average human. Jesse Owens was a legend and if there is one thing you should take from him, it is, in his own words, “We all have dreams. But in order to make dreams come into reality, it takes a lot of determination, dedication, self-discipline, and effort�

Works Cited The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Jesse Owens.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica​, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 17 Jan. 2020, www.britannica.com/biography/Jesse-Owens​. Hopkins, Stephen, director. ​Race: The Incredible True Story of Gold Medal Legend, Jesse Owens​. Focus Features, 2016. “Jesse Owens Biography.” ​Encyclopedia of World Biography​, www.notablebiographies.com/Ni-Pe/Owens-Jesse.html​. Schapp, Jeremy Albert. ​Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitler's Olympics.​ Houghton Mifflin Company, 2007

Malala Yousafzai

Malala Yousafzai

By: Miranda

Malala Yousafzai Malala Yousafzai is the youngest Nobel Peace Prize winner ​in history​. She speaks for girls' rights to go to school. She was born ​July 12, 1997, in Swat Valley, Pakistan. When she was 15 years old she was heading home on the school bus. While she was on her way home she was shot in the head. She was in the hospital for 2 years and because of the shooting she started the Malala Fund. She is still fighting for us and for herself. She is a hero to me and many other kids. The purpose of this​ essay is going to show people how she is a true hero. We are thankful that she is with us today. Malala Yousafzai ​with her two brothers Atal & Khushal and her parents Ziauddin Yousafzai and Toor Pekai Yousafzai. Malala and her brothers used to play cricket on their roof and in the alley in Pakistan. Her father ran a school for girls. One day, on October 25, 2007, the Taliban came and thought that girls should not go to school being racist jerks. Malala was only ten. Her father spoke out to save his school. Malala and her classmates wrote speeches and read them out to their school and a reporter came and filmed it. But the Taliban was not letting girls from going to school and they were destroying schools. She had to leave her home with her family and flee to Shangla, Pakistan, because of the war. After the Taliban left there was a death threat against Malala online (Wikipedia). Even with a death threat, Malala continued fighting by speaking out against the Taliban so they would stop destroying schools. She would talk to anyone who would listen. On October 9, 2012, someone tried to assassinate her. While she was taking the bus to go home after school a boy entered the bus and asked who Malala was and shot her in the forehead. It was so bad she

needed to go to England to get better medical help. She was in the hospital for 2 years. (​Yousafzai​) Malala’s legacy is still going on since she is only 23 years old today. Part of her legacy is the Malala fund. The Malala fund was founded by Malala and her father. Malala was only 16 when it was created, after she got shot. This fund is trying to help girls all over the world get an education. (​https://malala.org/about​) That is why Malala is a hero and a survivor. She is helping people all over the world and inspiring others to stand up. She made the Malala fund to raise money to get girls all over the world an education. She got shot in the head and still moved on. She believed in what she stood up for and she had hope for all girls because she knew what it was like to not be able to learn. “They thought that the bullets would silence us. But they failed. And from that silence came thousands of voices.”​ and today I am one of those voices.

Works Cited “About: Malala Fund.” About | Malala Fund, malala.org/about. Brown, Dinah. Who Is Malala Yousafzai? Grosset & Dunlap, 2015. “First Battle of Swat.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 20 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Swat. “Malala Fund: Working for a World Where All Girls Can Learn and Lead.” Malala Fund | Working for a World Where All Girls Can Learn and Lead, www.malala.org/. “Malala Yousafzai, 16, and Her Miraculous Story of Surviving Being Shot by the Taliban.” Abc News, 2013, abcnews.go.com/WNT/video/malala-yousafzai-16-miraculous-story-surviving-shot-taliban20550177. Accessed 2020. “The Nobel Peace Prize 2014.” NobelPrize.org, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2014/yousafzai/biographical/. Yousafzai, Malala, et al. Malala: My Story of Standing up for Girl's Rights. Little Brown, 2018.

Mahatma Gandhi “

The experiences and

experiments have sustained me and given me great joy”

“An eye for an eye end only s up mak ing the who le wor ld blin d.”

Mahatma Gandhi

By: Ty

Mahatma Gandhi On October 2nd, 1869, a new Indian political activist emerged, Mahatma Gandhi (Nanda). He grew up in a household absorbed in Vaishnavism, “worship of the Hindu god Vishnu” (Nanda). Luckily his family provided him with an amazing education, but he wasn't the best student (History.com). Gandhi went to Samaldas College but found himself very unhappy there. So he went abroad to London where he got into a college that started in 1688 (History.com). After that he saw that Indian people weren't being treated like normal human beings in London. He also noticed this trend when he was in South Africa in 1896 and 1897 (Nanda). After seeing this he made it his mission to end this racial discrimination across the world (Nanda). This is why I think that Mahatma Gandhi is a change maker. In Gandhi's early life he was a mediocre student. (Ghandi 4). His family provided him with a great education so he would learn a lot (Nanda). During his college years in London, he saw how the Indian people were being treated (History.com). He started researching law and became a lawyer, but in doing this he saw the laws that were being used against the Indian people (Nanda). After having a difficult time finding work in India, he got a contract in South Africa (Biography.com). When he got there he was immediately faced with the discrimination against the Indian people. “I observed that the Indians were not held in such respect” (Ghandi 92). It was so bad that at the dock the people mocked him saying that “he was an unwanted visitor” (Biography.com). History.com even says that “Gandhi spent the next 21 years living in South Africa, and railed against the injustice of racial segregation.” They continue on to say, “On one occasion he was thrown from a first class train carriage, despite being in possession of a

valid ticket.” Which goes to show how much racism was present in South Africa. He noticed this fact and hated it, so he tried to fix it. After seeing all the racism present in South Africa he made it his mission to fix this discimination (Nanda). To do this Gandhi created the Natal Indian Congress in 1894, to combat racism (Biography.com). When he got back to India in 1912 he started to work on his non-violent civil disobedience skill and was informing people about oppressive practices in Bihar (History.com). “He also encouraged oppressed villagers to improve their own circumstances, leading peaceful strikes and protests” (History.com). He also made a lot of speeches against this topic despite having stage fright (Nanda). And when the British taxed salt he famously led a 250-mile march to the sea to get his own salt (History.com). This shows what Gandhi did to combat racism. With Gandhi’s way of using non-violent protest to create/enforce ideas, tons of people of course thought that this was a great idea. One of these people was Martin Luther King, Jr., who was one of the leaders who protested against racism in America (Biography.com). Gandhi also inspired Nelson Mandela, who protested in South Africa against apartheid and racism (Biography.com). Gandhi went through six assasanation attempts in his life (History.com). The person who killed him was Nathuram Godse in 1948 (History.com). Despite his untimely death, he was one of the most important people in the world and lived a great life. “In the years since Gandhi’s death, his name has been invoked by the organizers of numerous demonstrations and movements” (Nanda). He also protested many laws that eventually got revoked or abolished. And he made life a lot better for Indian people (Nanda).

As you can see, Mahatma Gandhi was a real change maker. He organized and participated in countless protests. I strongly suggest you do your own research on Gandhi. He is probably one of the most interesting changemakers out there. Gandhi even said himself “The Experiences and experiments have sustained me and given me great joy� (Gandhi 454).

Works Cited Gandhi, Mohandas k, and Mahadev H. Desai. ​An Autobiography: the Story of My Experiments with Truth​. Beacon Press, 1993. “Mahatma Gandhi.” ​History TV​, ​www.history.co.uk/biographies/mahatma-gandhi. “Mahatma Gandhi.” ​Biography.com,​ A&E Networks Television, 4 Sept. 2019, www.biography.com/activist/mahatma-gandhi. Nanda, B.R. “Place in History.” ​Encyclopædia Britannica,​ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 26 Jan. 2020, ​www.britannica.com/biography/Mahatma-Gandhi/Place-in-history.

Warrick Dunn “I can look in their eyes and see it . that's the best feeling i can have . ...i know i didn’t Affect their lives just today , but it carries for years and years to come.”

“The true measure of a man is found in his heart.”

Warrick Dunn

By Steele

Warrick Dunn Warrick Dunn is a former NFL running back and philanthropist. Born in 1975 to a single mother, he attended Florida State University where he played football. He ran more than 1,000 yards over 3 seasons, leading the Seminoles to retire his number. He was drafted into the NFL, playing for the Buccaneers and Falcons, before retiring and focusing on his organizations, Homes for the Holidays, Warrick Dunn Charities, and Athletes for Hope. Through these groups, he has been able to provide over 200 homes for single-parent families, and continues to give back to communities. Because Warrick Dunn has used his fame to help others, his historical impact is one that we should all know about. Warrick Dunn was born one of 6 children to a single mother. Since he was the oldest she knew he was destined for greatness one day. Dunn created the Warrick Dunn Family Foundation in 2002 for all the single parents, but he was inspired to do it because of his mother, Betty Smothers. ​One day, Dunn's mother, a police officer who was off-duty at the time, was helping a woman deposit money at a bank. Unfortunately, an armed robbery occurred and she was fatally shot 8 times.​ At that time Dunn was 18, the oldest of the six children. He got a scholarship to FSU (Florida State University) for football where he rushed for more than 1,000 yards in 3 back to back seasons. He got drafted in 1997 to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (Sports Illustrated). That is what inspired him to start the Warrick Dunn Family Foundation. He decided to make 4 programs overall to fulfill his mother’s dream of homeownership for single-parent families. He raised $875,000 in downpayment assistance for single-parent families. He made 177 houses furnished with the furniture and everything. He also served 19 markets and he got 477

people free homes (Warrick Dunn Charities). He did an amazing thing in the NFL and out of the NFL. Also Falcons owner Arthur Blank helped him to do all the amazing things he did. Now Deshaun Watson who came from one of the houses Dunn gave is helping Dunn to give out houses to single-parent families. He is giving some of the money he earns from being a quarterback in the NFL with the Houston Texans to help single-parent families with Dunn. Deshaun Watson is a professional quarterback who is in the NFL partly because of Warrick Dunn he got a scholarship to Clemson and now he is a professional quarterback for the Houston Texans and he helps Dunn to support single-parent families. Because of this Warrick Dunn is a great man because his mother has gotten killed and he has gone through that and after he got a scholarship to FSU and out of his kind heart he gave out 174 free homes to single parents. For this, he has changed many people’s lives. As he once said, “the true measure of a man is found in his heart”.

Works Cited Luce, Henry. “Sports Illustrated .” ​Sports Illustrated​, 16 Dec. 2019. Wales, Jimmy Donal. “Warrick Dunn.” ​Wikipedia,​ Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warrick_Dunn. Dunn, Warrick. “Home Page.” ​Warrick Dunn Charities​, wdc.org/. “Warrick Dunn.” ​Athletes for Hope,​ 22 Sept. 2015, www.athletesforhope.org/founders-and-ambassadors/warrick-dunn/.

“Life is not a spectator sport. If you’re going to spend your whole life in the grandstand in my opinion you’re wasting your life.” “I cannot stand to sing the anthem. I cannot salute the flag for I know I am a black man in a white world.”

JAC RO KIE BIN SO N

Jackie Robinson

By Charles

Jackie Robinson One of the greatest baseball players in history was the youngest of five children and was raised by a single mother with very little money. He went to CLA college and participated in four sports there: football, baseball, basketball, and track. He remains the only student who has lettered in four sports. In 1946 he married Rachel Isum, who also attended CLA. After his ten year career in baseball, in 1957 he became vice president of Chock Full O'nuts. In 1970 he founded the Jackie Robinson Construction Company. Robinson died on October 24 1972. He was a wonderful person who had been a baseball player and an activist. Everyone should know his name: Jackie Robinson (Biography). Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia, in the year of 1919. Later in his life he moved to California. Raised in almost complete poverty, the youngest of five with a single mother seems like a hard childhood. Later in his life he excelled in many sports in school. When he attended UCLA he met his soon to be wife Rachel. FYI they were not the perfect couple, they broke up and got back together when her brother was shot down. (I never had it made By Jackie Robinson). He left for the army in 41 for money problems. In 42 he enrolled into the segregated army. In 44 he was honorably discharged. (The Early Years). In 1970 he organized the Jackie Robinson Construction Company. He created it to help the wellbeing of Black Americans in metropolitan areas. He was deeply concerned about the civil rights movement, so he donated to the NAACP and MLK’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Robinson was very close to MLK and other

leaders. In 1964 he quit his position at Chock Full O'Nuts to work full time towards his dream of helping those who needed it. (Facts Quotes Stats). Even after his devastating death, he had won several awards. His wife funded the Jackie Robinson foundation, which provides money to students who can't afford to go to the college of their choice. In 1996 the congress signed a contract saying that U.S. coins will bear his image. He was only the fourth athlete to be awarded the congressional gold medal. Thanks to the JRF many scholars have a newfound interest in learning. He will always be remembered. He was more than a ballplayer. He did so much to get us where we are today. Robinson cannot truly die as long as we remember him in our hearts. He could have been so much more. “​ Life is not a spectator sport… if you’re going to spend your whole life in the grandstand just watching what goes on, in my opinion you’re wasting your life.” Jackie Robinson

Works Cited “The Early Years.” ​The Early Years,​ www.umass.edu/pubaffs/jackie/earlylife.html. Herman, Gail. ​Who Was Jackie Robinson?​ Paw Prints, 2011. “The Jackie Robinson Story: A Student Resource Guide.” The Jackie Robinson Foundation, 2009. Robinson, Jackie, et al. ​I Never Had It Made: an Autobiography of Jackie Robinson​. Ecco Press, 1995. “Jackie Robinson.” ​Biography.com,​ A&E Networks Television, 16 Jan. 2020, www.biography.com/athlete/jackie-robinson.

“I was not tired physically… No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.”

Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks

By: Emae

Rosa Parks It was Rosa Parks’s heroic decision to refuse to give up her bus seat in 1955 that inspired a movement and changed history. She inspired many black people in Montgomery, Alabama to boycott the buses. This led the Supreme Court to decide that segregation was wrong. Black people did not have to give up their seats anymore to white people because of Rosa Parks (Brinkley, 2000). Because of Rosa Parks’ decision to not give up her seat on a bus to a white man, she helped motivate the progress of black people's civil rights. Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama, which was a segregated town. This meant black people and white people did not have the same rights. For example, they could not go to the same school, share a drinking fountain or use the same bathroom. Later, Rosa lived with her grandparents who were former slaves on a farm and went to an all black school (Biography.com).​ ​Rosa married Raymond Parks, a barber, in 1932, and moved to Montgomery, Alabama, another segregated city (Parks, p.23).​Because of Rosa Parks’ decision to not give up her seat on a bus to a white man, she helped motivate the progress of black people's civil rights. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks’s life changed. At the time, in Montgomery, buses required black people to sit in the back and the front seats were reserved for white people. One day, Rosa was rightly sitting in the back section reserved for black people when the bus driver asked her to give her seat up to a white man. When she refused, the driver called the police and Rosa was arrested (Parks, 1997). White people were protected by the law and black people were not. “The bus was only one part of the

whole system, a system of segregation. It was the way white people held onto their power, and it was protected by law” (Siegel, p. 33). Rosa Parks’s courageous act led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. This was a one year boycott of the buses by black people. Flyers were sent around the black community of 50,000 people that read, “Stay off the buses on Monday in protest of the arrest and trial of Rosa Parks.” (Siegel, p. 39) Dr. Martin Luther King got involved and gave a talk at the boycott. “The simple word ‘no’ said by Mrs. Parks, on December 1st, threatened the whole structure of segregation” (Siegel, p. 33). In 2005, President Bush, ordered a statue of her to be placed in our nation’s capital in Washington DC. He said, ​“By placing her statue in the heart of the nation’s capital, we commemorate her work for a more perfect union, and we commit ourselves to continue to struggle for justice for every American.” (RosaParksFacts.com) Rosa Parks was awarded many things including the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1996 which is the highest honor the U.S. government can give (RosaParksFact.com).Rosa Parks was an inspiration to us all. She taught us how to be courageous and stand up for our rights. Rosa Parks finally won her court case in 1956, But the fight raged on for black people's rights. After Rosa’s case was settled, than black and white people could sit together on the bus. She was partly responsible for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s with many people participating in the movement, including Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa Parks showed us how to stand up for what is right. (Celsoi, pg.25). Because of Rosa Parks’ decision to not give up her seat on a bus to a white man, she helped motivate the progress of black people's civil rights.

Rosa Parks was an inspirational person.Black people’s civil rights increased because of the courage shown by Rosa Parks on the bus in Montgomery, Alabama. She was incredibly brave for being willing to go to jail for what she believed in. Her strength led to a positive change in our society that will forever help black people. She was, and still remains, a powerful role model. Rosa Parks’ actions taught us all to “be the change”.

Works Cited Biography.com,​ A&E Networks Television, www.biography.com/people. Brinkley, Douglas. ​Rosa Parks​. Penguin, 2005. Celsi, Teresa Noel. ​Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott​. Millbrook Press, 1991. Clay, Wil, et al. ​I Am Rosa Parks​. Dial Books for Young Readers, 1997. Giovanni, Nikki, and Bryan Collier. ​Rosa​. Zaner-Bloser, 2013. “Rosa Parks Rosa Parks Facts, Facts about Rosa Parks.” ​Rosaparksfacts,​ rosaparksfacts.com/. Siegel, Beatrice. ​The Year They Walked: Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott.​ Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1992.

Henry Dunant

Henry Dunant

By: ​Nathan

Henry Dunant Henry Dunant was one of the greatest humanitarians of all time, but few today know much about him. Henry Dunant was the founder of the ‘Red Cross’. Born in 1828, to a wealthy family in Geneva, he dedicated most of his life to social activism. He supported many charities and converted the YMCA into a worldwide phenomenon (Bewes).​His book,”​Memories of Solferino,​” helped earn him the first Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 along with the French pacifist Frederic Passy (The Famous People). The book was also the inspiration for the first Geneva Convention. According to The Famous People, Henry Dunant’s movement for aiding hurt soldiers in battle and making the ‘Red Cross’ is considered one of the best achievements in the nineteenth century, and helped save thousands of lives. At a young age Henry Dunant was exposed to religion. The house where he grew up was quite religious and socially active. In the first part of his life, Dunant worked as a representative for the ‘Young Men’s Christian Association’ or YMCA. He founded the Geneva chapter of the YMCA and went to France, Belgium, and Holland to help make it an international organization. When he was twenty-six, Dunant started working as a banking representative of the Company “Genevois des Colonies de Sétif” in North Africa and Sicily. While in North Africa he helped grow crops and built mills (Nobel Prize). Henry Dunant was in Solferino, Italy, in 1859 during a fight where there were 40,000 dead and many hurt soldiers. With the help of people in town, he organized first aid. He was affected by the horror he saw and when he returned to Geneva, he started to think about making an organization that would help those wounded in war, no matter what side they were on. He wrote a book describing what he saw called ”​Memories of Solferino​”. In the book, he described

the battle and the damage, he also suggested how to better help the wounded in war. In 1863, with four people, Dunant made a committee that would later be the International Committee of the ‘Red Cross’(Geneve). His ideas are the base for the first of four treaties of the Geneva Conventions. (wikipedia). Henry Dunant was a good man with a big heart. He is considered as the father of humanitarians by some and has been called the “man who gave the world a conscience” (Bewes). What he left behind with his charitable work will always be remembered. His legacy is the continuation of the ‘Red Cross’, which employs 14,000 people worldwide, has an annual income of one-billion swiss francs, and has over 13 million volunteers (Marsico). Henry Dunant was arguably one of the greatest humanitarians of all time. His exposure to humanitarian work at a young age led him to later, with four others, form the International ‘Red Cross’ Organization. At the end of his life, he went bankrupt and lost his job, but he never stopped his good deeds and humanitarianism. He lived a poor life and gave everything, including his Nobel Peace Prize money, to charity. Despite being mostly forgotten by the world, the ‘Red Cross’ has been kept going and still runs in nearly every nation today. ​We​ ​won't forget Dunant’s work and will carry out his legacy. Be the change.

Works Cited “Henri Dunant or the Origin of the Red Cross and Red Crescent.” ​Leisure​, 22 Aug. 2018, www.geneve.com/en/topicblocks/henri-dunant-or-the-origin-of-the-red-cross-and-red-cresc ent/. “The Nobel Peace Prize 1901.” ​NobelPrize.org​, www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1901/dunant/facts/. " The Man Who Gave the World a Conscience.” ​Diccon Bewes The Man Who Gave the World a Conscience Comments​, www.dicconbewes.com/2010/10/30/the-man-who-gave-the-world-a-conscience/. “First Geneva Convention.” ​Wikipedia,​ Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Feb. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Geneva_Convention. Marsico, Katie. ​The Red Cross​. Cherry Lake Publishing, 2015. “Who Was Henry Dunant? Everything You Need to Know.” ​Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline​, www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/henry-dunant-6923.php.

Dolores Huerta

> We can’t let people drive wedges between us, because there is only one human race >If we don't have workers organized into laborers unions, we have a great peril of losing our democracy.

Dolores Huerta

By: Scarlet

Dolores Huerta Dolores Huerta made a historical impact because of her many protests, and her determination to fix the wages and living conditions of farm workers. She was an inspiration to many people to not tolerate unfairness and racism. She started an organization and led a national lettuce boycott. She made the way for a new law that would help the wages of farm workers and many other people who work minimum wage. Because of dolores huerta, the farm workers of the nation are treated better and receive better wages, and she continues to be an inspiration to society through her many protests and strong speeches. Dolores Huerta was born on April 10th, 1930 into a family of farm workers, with a mother called Alice, and a father called Juan fernandez. when Dolores was a child, she was a wonderful student. She ran for second place in a national essay contest, and was a dedicated member of the girl scouts till eighteen. Even though she was such a great student, she still faced racism from her teachers and her fellow students. “at school, she was sometimes treated with suspicion and scorn” (Biography.com). Once she was accused of stealing another classmate's work simply because the teacher thought that because of her race, she wasn’t able to do the work. (Biogrophy.com). Because of all of the discrimination she had to deal with, she grew up knowing that somthing had to be changed. At first Dolores Huerta got a degree in teaching, but couldn’t stand all of the children she saw coming to school with no shoes and needing food. She thought that she could do more good helping farm workers than teaching hungry children. She helped to create an organization with Fred Ross, known as the Community Service Organization (CSO) and there she met a man called cesar chavez. He took a liking to dolores; he thought that she was smart, articulate, and self

starting. But Dolores did not like being in the CSO, she thought it wasn't taking enough action.She then co-founded​ the National Farm Workers Association with Chavez. Both she and Cesar Chavez had one common goal; to help the pay and living conditions of farm workers.(Wikipedia). In 1070 Huerta with Cesar Chavez led a national lettuce boycott, and helped “create the political climate for the passage of the 1975​ Agricultural Labor Relations Act, the first law to recognize the rights of farm workers to bargain collectively.​ She led many protests and gathered many farmworkers who worked for 70 cents an hour. Because she was constantly protesting, she was often arrested and harmed by the police, such as in 1988, the chief of police ( Frank Jordan) ordered an attack on the protesters outside the St. Francis hotel on a wednesday evening. Huerta was injured with a ruptured spleen and several fractured ribs, and was almost killed. She was also arrested many times for protesting, and she and many others were arrested because they were allegedly blocking the entrance to a meeting. Though she has been faced with troubles while protesting, she and Cesar Chavez still lead protests to this day. Dolores Huerta’s legacy will be seen throughout farm workers, women, and hispanic people. She always continued to fight for justice, and for that she is a true heroine. She was faced with racism not only at her school, but throughout her whole life. Police officers targeted her, and others thought that she couldn’t do anything worthwhile. She wanted to help many people who were suffering under horrible conditions, low wage, and many other horrible things. She knew that all of the farmworkers across the country deserved better. She stood up, and said what she thought, and that she made a lasting legacy of better living conditions for mistreated and oppressed workers. She made sure that future people will be treated better and equally.

Because of Dolores Huerta, the farm workers of the nation are treated better and receive better wages, and she continues to be an inspiration to society through her many protests and strong speeches. ​Dolores Huerta fought against things she knew were not right. Even though she didn't see her father much in her childhood, she still managed to be a wonderful child in school, though faced with racism. She led the start of an organization but was smart enough to realize that the world needed something stronger to make a difference, and created another organization, one strong and brave enough to take on rich and racist officials. She led many protests and led people to realize how horrible the farm workers were being treated, and led the way for a new law to better living conditions for many people who had been treated poorly. Dolores Huerta once said, “Every moment is an organizing opportunity, every person a potential activist, every minute a chance to change the world.�

Works Cited

“Dolores Huerta.” ​Dolores Huerta Foundation,​ doloreshuerta.org/dolores-huerta/. “Dolores Huerta.” ​Biography.com,​ A&E Networks Television, 2 Mar. 2020, www.biography.com/activist/dolores-huerta.

Godoy, Maria. “Dolores Huerta: The Civil Rights Icon Who Showed Farmworkers 'Sí Se Puede'.” ​NPR​, NPR, 17 Sept. 2017, www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/09/17/551490281/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-iconwho-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede. Miller, Johnny. “Dolores Huerta Hurt at Protest, Sept. 16, 1988.” ​SFGate​, San Francisco Chronicle, 12 Sept. 2013, www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Dolores-Huerta-hurt-at-protest-Sept-16-1988-4809 592.php.

>That’s the story of the world. His is told, hers isn’t > All the great social changes happened because people have come together,organized, and took action. It is this right that sustains and nurtures our democracy today. The civil rights movement, the laborers’ movement, the women's movement, and the equality movement for our LGBTQ brothers and sisters are all manifestations of these rights.

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