Advanced Robotics_Grade_8_ebook by Uolo

Tekie.AI

ADVANCED ROBOTICS

Advanced Robotics Tekie.AI

Acknowledgements

Academic Authors: Neha Verma, Ayushi Jain

Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish

Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh, Tauheed Danish

Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur

VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar

All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

First edition 2026

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.

Book Title: Tekie.AI Advanced Robotics 8

ISBN: 978-93-47444-94-4

Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited

Corporate Office Address: 91Springboard, 3rd Floor

145, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003

CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986

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Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com

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Robotics

What is Robotics?

Robotics is the study and creation of robots. Robots are machines that can perform various tasks. They are built using parts like metal, wires, and circuits, and programmed with special instructions to tell them what to do.

Some robots look like humans, while others are designed to work in specific places, like factories, hospitals, or even outer space! For example, a robot might assemble cars in a factory or explore the surface of Mars where humans cannot go easily.

Robots can sense their surroundings using sensors. These sensors act like the robot’s eyes, ears, and hands, helping it understand distance, temperature, or touch. Once the robot knows its surroundings, it can make decisions based on its programming.

The field of robotics combines science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to solve problems and create amazing inventions. It is an exciting way to bring creativity and technology together!

Components of Robots

Robots are made up of different parts that work together to help them move, sense, and do tasks. These parts are grouped into three main types: mechanical, electronic, and coding interface. Let us learn about them.

Mechanical Parts

Mechanical parts are like the bones and muscles of a robot. They include wheels, gears, motors, and arms. These parts help the robot move, pick up things, or spin. For example, wheels let a robot roll around, and motors make robots move by turning wheels, spinning gears, or lifting arms.

Electronic Parts

The electronic parts are like the robot’s brain and nerves. They include circuits, sensors, and batteries. These parts help the robot think and sense its surroundings. Sensors act like eyes, ears, or even a nose for the robot, allowing it to detect light, sound, or obstacles. The battery gives the robot the power it needs to work.

Coding Interface

Coding is how we talk to robots and tell them what to do. Coding means writing instructions for them to follow. The coding interface is the program or app used to give these instructions. Once coded, the robot can move in a specific direction, stop when it sees something, or even dance.

By combining these three parts—mechanical, electronic, and coding—robots come to life and do amazing things.

Robotics Advanced Kit

About Robotics Advanced Kit 1

The Robotics Advanced Kit (RAK) is a comprehensive tool for young innovators who are curious to explore the subject of robotics. It features the Robotics FULL 2.0 BLE Brain, which powers the kit's projects. The kit also includes exciting projects, thereby encouraging creativity and problem-solving in students. With hands-on components and coding opportunities, RAK makes robotics fun-filled and accessible, inspiring students to think critically about robotics and innovate its programming. Let us explore its various components.

Electronics Parts

• Long Connecting Cable × 1

• USB Cable × 1

Construction Parts

Plastic Parts

1. FULL 2.0 Brain × 1 BLE

High Speed Motor × 2

High Torque Motor × 1

IR Sensor × 2

5. Touch Sensor × 1

Avishkaar Rechargeable Battery × 1 7. Adapter × 1

Manual Remote × 1

• Short Connecting Cable × 4

10. Male to Male DC Jack × 1

Metal Parts

A comprehensive metal design system allows you to make from easy to complex mechanical bot designs.

The Motors

Let's understand how the motors work.

Robots move in different directions by the combination of the rotation from each wheel. For example: Robot Movement

Basics of Building

Let's understand some basics of building:

Tightening Screws:

Tightening Axle Lock:

Tightening a Motor to a Plate:

Tighten (Rotate Clockwise)

Loosen (Rotate Anti-Clockwise)

Tighten (Rotate Clockwise)

Loosen (Rotate Anti-Clockwise)

About

the Brain

Robotics FULL 2.0 BLE Brain

Let's understand how the Full 2.0 Brain works.

Let’s understand how the Full 2.0 BLE Brain works.

the Ultrasonic Sensor to the brain.

Brain

works.

understand how the Full 2.0 BLE Brain works.

Robotics FULL 2.0 BLE Brain

This port powers the brain using the battery via Male to Male DC Jack.

Building a Remote Control Car

1 Insert the axle lock and the 3.5" axles into the high-speed motors, as shown.

2 After attaching the axles to both motors, screw them to the chassis using the 6mm bolts, as shown.

3 Repeat the previous step to attach the second high-speed motor to the other side of the chassis.

4 Add a filler to the axle, then add the wheel, and, lastly, add another axle lock. Do this for both axles.

5 Screw a 7.5 inch rectangular plate using 12 mm bolts with the first two holes of both the right and left sides of the chassis.

6 Attach two U-Beams, one on top of the other using 6mm bolts. Then, screw the Caster wheel to both U-Beams using 2 K-nuts and 6mm bolts, as shown below.

7 Attach the previous assembly to the chassis as shown, with 12 mm bolts.

8 Screw the Battery at the bottom of the chassis using 6mm bolts as shown.

Screw the Brain to the chassis using 6mm bolts. Connect the Brain to the Battery using Male to Male DC Jack wire

About Coding Interface

Connect the left motor to the "M4" port and the right motor to the "M3" port of the Brain using the short connecting cables

The coding interface serves as the central hub for your kit, acting as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that enables you to write code for all of your experiments. This code is then transferred to the hardware.

The coding interface consists of the following components:

1. Workspace Area: This is where you drag blocks for the code you want to write.

2. Blocks Panel: The blocks from the Blocks Panel help make your code.

3. Share Code: The Share Code option in the File drop-down menu generates a link for the project to share with others.

4. Control Buttons: The Control Buttons consist of Save, Compile, and Connect buttons.

• Save Button: The Save button helps save your code.

• Compile Button: The Compile button helps compile your code.

• Connect Button: The Connect button helps burn your code to the hardware.

5. Arena: This is where you can see the output.

6. Buttons: The buttons help move the bot front, back, left, or right. The buttons also help rotate the bot clockwise and anticlockwise in the virtual arena.

7. Play Button: The Play button runs the code.

8. Reset Button: The Reset button resets the arena.

Burning Your Code

Burning means loading your code into the hardware. This process, mainly, has the phases, as shown:

Arrange the blocks to create the code Save the code

Compile the code Burn the code

In case of error, recheck the code.

1. Once you have completed your experiment, connect the bot to a PC/Laptop using a USB cable or Bluetooth.

2. Save and compile your code by clicking on the Save and Compile buttons, respectively.

3. Now, click on Connect

4. Click on the USB Connect option or the BLE Connect (Bluetooth) option.

5. Click on the Connect Device button, and a small window will appear. Thereafter, select your connected device, and then click on Connect

6. Now, click on Burn to write your program into the bot.

7. You have successfully written your code into the hardware. Now, you can experiment on the bot.

Experiment 1: Bot Movements Using Motor Control 2

Objective

Learn how to control a robot by making it move forward, backwards, left, and right using motors. This helps in understanding the basics of how robots work and is a great start to learning robotics!

Background

In this experiment, the concept of time delay is used to suspend the execution of a program for a particular time. Let us understand this by looking at the process of cooking a dish in the microwave.

Put the dish in the microwave.

Set the timer of the microwave.

Is the buzzer beeping?

Wait for the buzzer to beep.

Take the dish out.

Let's Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program.

3. Move the Bot Forward

• Drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it inside the My Program block.

• Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.

• Select the speed of the motor as High, Medium, or Slow from the Speed drop-down.

• Similarly, drag another Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous block.

• Select the Port3 (Advance) option from the drop-down menu.

• Configure the motor at Port3 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the dropdown menu.

• Select the speed of your choice from the Speed drop-down menu.

• Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

• Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the forward movement of the motor for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.

• To move the bot forward for infinite time, use the Repeat while block from the Loops category with the Move Motor at blocks.

4. Move the Bot Backward

• Similarly, to turn the bot backwards, configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as Clockwise and Port3 (Advance) as Anticlockwise by making the respective selections from the drop-down menus.

• To move the bot backwards for infinite time, use the Repeat while block from the Loops category with the Move Motor at blocks.

5. Move the Bot Right

• To turn the bot to the right, configure the motor at Port4 and Port3 as Anticlockwise and add a delay of 1100 ms by adding a Time block.

6. Move the Bot Left

• To turn the bot to the left, configure the motor at Port4 as Clockwise and Port3 as Clockwise too.

Note: When you turn the bot left or right, the time value may vary from system to system. Therefore, to make a 90 degree turn, you can configure the time value accordingly.

7. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

8. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which block is used to start your program?

a My Program

c Begin Program

2 The execution of all the blocks in a code occur

a timely

c in a loop

b Start Program

d Your Program

b step by step

d with delay

3 In which direction should the motors rotate to turn the robot to the left?

a Both motors clockwise

c Left motor clockwise, right motor anticlockwise

B. Answer the Following.

b Both motors anticlockwise

d Left motor anticlockwise, right motor clockwise

1 How should the motors be configured to move the robot in the right direction?

2 What is the use of the "Repeat while" block?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Where can you see the applications of a moving robot in daily life?

2 What will happen in your project if you don't use the "Repeat while" block?

Experiment 2: Line Follower 3

Objective

By strategically utilising two IR sensors, the students will program the robot to accurately track and follow a specific line. This activity develops their understanding of sensor-based navigation and improves problemsolving skills in robotics.

Things Around Us

The major use of line follower is in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in cars as Lane Assist.

Let's Build

1 Connect the IR Sensor to the lower 2.5" U-Beam of the RC Car using 6mm Bolts.

Let's Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

Similarly, connect another IR Sensor to the U-Beam of the assembly.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks inside this occurs step by step.

3. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. This block is set to true by default.

4. Click on the Variables category.

5. Click on the Create Variable button. A pop-up box appears.

• Enter a suitable variable name, such as "rightIR".

• Click on the OK button. This will create a variable to store the data of the IR sensor value received from the right IR sensor.

6. Drag the set rightIR to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.

7. Then, drag the Read IR Sensor at block from the Sensor category and drop it next to the set rightIR to block. Configure this block to Port4 (Advance)

8. Now, similarly create another variable named "leftIR".

9. Drag and drop the set leftIR to block. To its right, drag and drop the Read IR Sensor at block. Configure this block to Port5 (Advance).

10. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set leftIR to block.

11. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

12. Drag the else if block three times and place them below the if block in the pop-up box (refer to the given image).

13. Now, click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.

14. Drag the block from the Control category and attach with the if block.

15. Drag two blocks from the Control category and drop them inside the left and right boxes of the block.

16. Select the '>' sign in place of the '=' sign for both the blocks.

17. Drag the rightIR block from the Variables category and drop it in the left value box of the block.

18. Drag and drop the block from the Math category inside the right value box of the block. Type '400' in place of '0'.

19. Similarly, set the condition of the leftIR variable.

20. If the value of the rightIR and leftIR is greater than 400, i.e., both the IR sensors detect the white lines, then, blocks under this if block will be executed.

21. For the if part, configure the motors at Port4 (Advance) to Anticlockwise direction and Port3 (Advance) to Clockwise direction. This will instruct the bot to keep moving forward when it is on top of the black line.

22. Similar to defining the condition for the if block, define the condition for the first else if part. Set the rightIR value as less than 400 and set the leftIR value as greater than 400. The code under this else if part will execute when the right IR sensor detects the black line below.

23. For the first else if part, set both motors to turn right. For this, configure the motors at Port4(Advance) and Port3(Advance) as Anticlockwise. This will instruct the bot to turn right as long as the right IR sensor is on top of the black line.

24. For the second else if part, use the comparison blocks to set the rightIR value as greater than 400 and set the leftIR value as less than 400. The code under this else if part will execute when the left IR sensor detects the black line below.

25. For the second else if part, set both motors to turn left by configuring the motors at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise. This will instruct the bot to turn left as long as the left IR sensor is on top of the black line.

26. For the third else if part, use the comparison blocks to set the rightIR value as less than 400 and set the leftIR value as less than 400. The code under this else if part will execute when both the left and right IR sensors detect the black line below.

27. For the third else if part, set both motors to Stop. This will instruct the bot to stop if both the sensors detect the black line below

28. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

29. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What value indicates that an IR sensor has detected a white line?

a Less than 200

c Exactly 300

b Greater than 400

d Less than 100

2 When both IR sensors detect the black line, what action does the bot perform?

a Moves forward

c Turns left

B. Answer the Following.

1 Why are two IR sensors used in the line following bot?

b Turns right

d Stops

2 What is the purpose of using variables like rightIR and leftIR in the code?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Imagine your bot detects a white line with only the right IR sensor. Describe what the bot should do to stay on the line.

2 If you want the bot to turn left only when the left IR sensor detects the black line, how would you set up the motors?

Experiment 3: Gripper Bot 4

Objective

Learn how to program a bot to pick and place things from one place to another.

Let's Build

1 Connect the High Torque Motor to the 7.5" Rectangle in the RC Car assembly using Bolts, a 3.5" Axle, and an Axle Lock.

2 Insert a Filler and then a Big Spur Gear in the Axle of the assembly.

3 Insert an Axle in the 7.5" Rectangle in the assembly and tighten the connection using an Axle Lock. Insert a Filler and Big Spur Gear in the Axle.

4 Connect the 2.5" L-Channel to a 3-Hole Connector using 12mm Bolts and K-Nuts.

5 Connect the 2.5" L-Channel in the previous assembly to a 7.5" U-Beam using Nuts and Bolts

6 Similarly, create another assembly by following steps 4 and 5 again.

Things Around Us

7 Now, insert the 2.5" L-Channel (from one of the assemblies in the previous step) into one of the Axles in the assembly from step 3 and tighten the connection using an Axle Lock.

8 Repeat the previous step to form the assembly for the Gripper Bot.

The gripper bots can be used as industrial robots and to perform a variety of other tasks.

Let's Code

1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step.

3. Click on the Variables category.

• Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box will appear asking you to enter a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say "count".

• Click on the OK button.

4. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the My Program block.

5. Now, drag the Number block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block. The value of the Number block is set to "0" by default.

6. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it below the set to block.

7. Now, create another variable, named "touch_sensor".

8. Drag the set (touch sensor) to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.

9. Now, drag the Read Touch Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach it to the set to block. Select Port5 (Advance) from the drop-down menu.

10. Now, drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

11. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.

12. Select the '>' option from the drop-down menu of the equal operator block.

13. Drag the touch_sensor block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block.

14. Now, drag the number block and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type "400" in the text part of the number block.

15. Now, drag the set to block and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select the count variable from the drop-down menu of the set to block.

16. Drag the add operator block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block.

17. Now, drag the count variable block and drop it in the left part of the add operator block. This adds a sum of "1" to the variable count every time the touch sensor is pressed.

18. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the set to block.

19. Drag the count variable block and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block. Set the row as Row3 from the drop-down menu.

20. Now, drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the Print Data block.

21. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box will appear.

22. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box. Repeat this three times (refer to the image below).

23. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

24. Now, define the condition for the if block using the equal operator block from the Control category. If the value of the count variable equals "1", then blocks under the if block will be executed, otherwise the blocks under one of the else if blocks will be executed.

25. Now, drag the Print Data block from Display category and drop it in the do part of the if block.

26. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type "Moving Ahead".

27. Drag and drop two Move Motor at blocks below Print Data block.

28. Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down menu. Select the Speed of the motor as High.

29. Similarly, select Port3 (Advance) from the drop-down menu of the second Move Motor at block. Configure its motor as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down menu. Select the Speed of the motor as High.

30. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

31. Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the movement of the motor for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.

32. Similarly, drag two Move Motor at blocks and configure the motors at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop. This will instruct the bot to stop.

33. Drag and drop another Time block below the Move Motor at block. The block is set to 1000 milliseconds or 1 second by default.

34. Similarly, set conditions for "Picking Object" in the first else if block as shown in the figure below.

35. Similarly, set conditions for "Dropping Object" in the second else if block as shown in the figure below.

36. Similarly, set conditions for the third else if block as shown in the figure below.

37. The complete code will look like the figures below.

38. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

39. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through Bluetooth or a USB cable for the experiment to run.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 In which category would you find the "add" operator block?

a Math b Control

c Button d Display

2 In the if block, which operator is used to compare the value of the touch sensor with 400?

a < b >

c = d <=

3 In the code, which port is selected for the "Read Touch Sensor at" block?

a Port2 (Advance)

c Port4 (Advance)

B. Answer the Following.

1 What are variables?

b Port3 (Advance)

d Port1

2 What is the role of the touch sensors?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 What will happen if you do not add the 'Time' block after the 'Move Motor at' block?

2 Give one real-life application of a gripper bot.

Experiment 4: Sweeper Line Follower 5

Learn to program the bot to skilfully track and follow a designated line using two IR sensors, thereby enhancing understanding of sensor-based navigation and improving problem-solving abilities in robotic applications. Objective

Things Around Us

Industrial Robots

1 Connect the IR Sensor to the lower 2.5" U-Beam of the RC Car using 6mm Bolts. Let's Build

2 Similarly, connect another IR Sensor to the U-Beam of the assembly.

3 Connect the High Torque Motor to the 7.5" Rectangle in the assembly using a 3.5" Axle, an Axle Lock, and 12mm Bolts

4 Connect the 7.5" U-Beam to the 3-Hole Connector using 12mm Bolts and K-Nuts.

Connect the 2.5" Square Plate to the U-Beam in the assembly from the previous step using Nuts and Bolts

Connect the Axle in the assembly from step 3 to the U-Beam in the assembly from the previous step using an Axle Lock and Fillers. This will complete the assembly as shown.

Let's Code

1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this will occur step by step.

3. Click on the Variables category.

• Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box will appear asking you to enter a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say "count".

• Click on the OK button.

4. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the My Program block.

5. Now, drag the Number block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block. By default, the value is set to "0".

6. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it below the set to block to begin the infinite loop. The loop value is set to true by default.

7. Now, create two other variables, namely, IR_Left and IR_Right

8. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block. Select IR_Left from the drop-down menu of the set to block.

9. Now, drag the Read IR Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach it to the set to block. Select Port4 (Advance) from the drop-down menu.

10. Drag another set to block and drop it below the previous set to block. Select IR_Right from the drop-down menu of the set to block.

11. Similarly, drag another Read IR Sensor at block and attach it to the set to block. Select Port5 (Advance) from the drop-down menu.

12. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the second set to block. Select Row3 from the drop-down menu of the Print Data block.

13. Drag the count block from the Variables category and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block.

14. Now, drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the Print Data block.

15. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box will appear.

16. Drag the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box (refer to the image below).

17. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

18. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.

19. Drag the count block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.

20. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block. Type "3" in the text part of the number block.

21. Now, drag the Print Data block and drop it in the do part of the if block.

22. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type "Bot Stopped".

23. Now, drag three Move Motor at blocks from the Motor category and drop them below the Print Data block. Configure the motors at Port4 (Advance), Port3 (Advance), and Port2 (Advance) to Stop the three motors.

24. Now, define the condition for the else block. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it inside the else condition.

25. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box will appear.

26. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box. Repeat this three times (refer to the image below).

27. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

28. Drag the and operator block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.

29. Now, drag two equal operator blocks and drop one block to the left of the and block and drop another block to the right of the and bock.

30. Select the '<' operator from the drop-down list of both the two equal operator blocks.

31. Drag the IR_Left block from the Variables category and drop it in the left value box of the left '<' block.

32. Drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right value box of the left '<' block. Type "400" in place of "0".

33. Similarly, drag the IR_Right block from the Variables category and drop it in the left value box of the right '<' block.

34. Drag the number block and drop it in the right value box of the right '<' block. Type "400" in place of "0".

35. Now, drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select the count variable from the drop-down menu of the set to block.

36. Drag the add operator block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block.

37. Now, drag the count variable block and drop it in the left part of the add operator block. This adds a sum of "1" to the count variable.

38. Drag two Move Motor at blocks from the Motor category and drop them below the set to block. Configure the motors at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop

39. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the Move Motor at block.

40. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type "Clearing Object".

41. Drag and drop the Move Motor at block below the Print Data block.

42. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the dropdown menu.

43. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the Move Motor at block.

44. Type "1100" in the value box of the block. This will allow the movement of the high-torque motor in the clockwise direction for 1100 milliseconds.

45. Similarly, configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) as Anticlockwise. To make the high-torque motor move Anticlockwise for 700 milliseconds, use the Time block.

46. Now, to configure the high-torque motor to stop, Drag and drop the Move Motor at block below the Time block, configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) as Stop for 200 milliseconds.

47. Now, configure the motors at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) as Anticlockwise and Clockwise, respectively.

48. Set the Time block to 2000 milliseconds. This will make the bot move backwards for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.

49. Similarly, set conditions for the first else if block. If both the IR Sensors are active, the blocks under the first else if block will be executed. This will make the bot move backwards and stop the high-torque motor.

50. Similarly, set conditions for the second else if block. If only the right IR Sensor is active, the blocks under the second else if block will be executed. This will make the bot move right and stop the high-torque motor.

51. Similarly, set conditions for the third else if block. If only the left IR Sensor is active, the blocks under the third else if block will be executed. This will make the bot move left and stop the high-torque motor.

52. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

53. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through Bluetooth or a USB cable for the experiment to run.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What are the names for the IR sensor variables in this program?

a count and touch_sensor

c left_IR and right_IR

2 In the 'if ' block, what condition is used to stop the bot?

a count < 2

c left_IR = right_IR

3 What happens when both the IR sensors become active?

a The bot moves right.

c It stops immediately.

B. Answer the Following.

1 Why do we use the "Repeat while" block?

2 What is the role of the variable 'count' in the program?

C. Apply Your Learning.

2 Give one real-life application of a sweeper line follower. Exercise

b motor and sensor_data

d Port4 and Port5

b count = 3

d count = 0

b It adds 1 to the count variable and displays "Clearing Object."

d The bot moves backwards and the high-torque motor stops.

1 In a warehouse, how can you ensure the bot avoids colliding with other bots while following a line?

Experiment 5: Gripper Bot AI 6

Objective

Design a robot to grab, pick up, and place things in another, either by using AI speech recognition mode or camera capture mode.

Background

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is the field of computer science that deals with the study of the principles, concepts, and technology for building machines that can think, act, and learn like humans. Machines possessing AI should be able to mimic human traits like making decisions, recognising patterns, predicting outcomes based on certain actions, learning, and improving on their own.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

NLP is a domain of AI that enables computers to understand human language and generate appropriate responses when we interact with them. It allows computers to talk to us in a way that feels natural to us. Popular examples of NLP applications include Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, Google Translate, etc.

Computer Vision

Computer Vision is a domain of AI which uses cameras to see and understand visual information.

Things Around Us

Some real-life examples of NLP are:

Some real-life examples of computer vision are:

1. Face Recognition in Smartphones 2. Self-driving Cars

Adding AI Plugins

Follow the given steps to add camera and speech plugins for AI experiments:

1. Click on the Project tab and choose the Plugins option.

2. Now click AI/ML option.

3. Select Camera Capture Mode or Speech Recognition Mode as per requirement.

4. A pop-up box with name 'AI/ML - Camera Capture Mode Plug-in' or 'Plugins - AI/ML - Speech Recognition Mode' appears based on your choice.

5. Click on Add Plug-in tab and then click on Plug-in Added tab.

A new category of blocks named AI will be added to the Blocks panel on the left and a new AI window will be added to the right panel.

Gripper Bot AI: Using Speech Recognition Mode

In this experiment, the use of NLP in the RAK bot includes:

• Recognising spoken commands such as "arm", "forward", "backward", "left", and "right".

• Converting spoken commands into actions that the RAK can execute.

• Detecting user input that is not clear and prompting the user to repeat the commands.

Let's Code

1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step.

3. Drag the repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. The loop value is set to true by default.

4. Click on the Variables category.

• Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say "Speech".

• Click on the OK button.

5. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

6. Drag the get recognised speech block from the Speech Recognition category and attach it to the set to block.

7. Now, drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

8. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

9. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box. Repeat this four times. Drag the else block and drop it below the last else if block. (refer to the image below).

10. Click on the settings icon again to hide it.

11. Now, drag the includes block from the Text category and attach it to the if block.

12. Drag the Speech block from the Variables category and drop it in the left text box of the includes block.

13. Type "forward" in the right text box of the includes block.

14. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it in the do part of the if block.

15. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type "Forward".

16. Now, drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the Print Data block.

17. Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.

18. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.

19. Again, drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the first Move motor at block.

20. Configure the motor at Port3 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down.

21. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.

22. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

23. Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the forward movement of the motor for 2000 milliseconds or 2 second.

24. Similarly, set conditions for "backward" in the first else if block as shown in the figure below.

25. Similarly, set conditions for "turn" in the second else if block, then set both motors to Stop by dragging and dropping the Move Motor at blocks as shown in the figure below.

26. Similarly, set conditions for "pick" in the third else if block as shown in the figure below.

27. Similarly, set conditions for "drop" in the fourth else if block as shown in the figure below.

28. Now, let us set the conditions for the else block as shown in the figure below.

29. Give your program a name, save it, and then compile it.

30. Now, the program is ready.

Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through Bluetooth or a USB cable for the experiment to run.

31. Click on the Run button in the AI window.

32. Allow the system to use your microphone to hear your commands.

33. Click on the microphone button in the AI window.

34. Give any command (forward, backward, turn, pick, or drop). Here, the AI detects the voice as "forward".

35. Again, click on the microphone button and observe the output.

Gripper Bot AI: Using Camera Capture Mode

In this experiment, computer vision is used to recognise hand gestures using the camera.

• The AI model is trained to detect specific handposes, such as a palm, fist, and fingers.

• Once trained, the model can identify these gestures in real-time.

• Each gesture then triggers specific actions in the game, such as moving forward, backward, turning left, or turning right.

• This allows players to control the bot with their hand movements.

Instructions

Before we start writing the code, let us train our AI Model. Follow the given steps:

1. Allow the system to use your camera.

2. Click on the Configure AI Model button in the AI Window on the right of your screen.

3. Choose your model by selecting Handpose from the Create Your Model pop-up window.

4. Add a name for your model and save it. You can also skip it.

5. Now, add the label name as "Palm" and click on the Save button.

6. Click on the Start Recording button and show your palm up to 60 Frames on the camera.

7. Now, click on the Plus sign in the top left corner and add a name for Label 2. Here, the name of Label 2 is "Fist". Then, click on the Save button.

8. Similarly, show your fist on the camera and record different fist postures by showing your fist on the camera.

9. Similarly, add other labels such as "Peace", "Thumbs up", and "Thumbs down".

10. Now, click on the Train Model button to train the AI on the recorded handposes. It will take a few minutes.

11. Add an appropriate model name and save it.

12. Test your model to check whether the AI is able to recognise the gestures correctly.

13. Now, click the Download button.

14. You are now ready to write your code.

Let's Code

1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside will occur step by step.

3. Drag the repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. The loop value is set to true by default.

4. Now, drag the if block from the Control category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

5. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up appears.

6. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box. Repeat this four times. Drag the else block and drop it below the last else if block. (refer to the image below).

7. Click on the settings icon again to hide pop-up box.

8. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.

9. Now, drag the get detected AI label block from the AI category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.

10. Drag the Palm block from the AI category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block.

11. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it in the do part of the if block.

12. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type the text "Forward".

13. Now, drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the Print Data block.

14. Configure the Motor at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.

15. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.

16. Again, drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the first Move motor at block.

17. Configure the Motor at Port3 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down.

18. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.

19. Again, drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

20. Configure the Motor at Port2 (Advance) as stop by selecting the Stop option from the drop-down.

21. Similarly, set the conditions for "Fist" in the first else if block as shown in the figure below.

22. Similarly, set the conditions for "Peace" in second else if block as shown in the figure below.

23. Similarly, set the conditions for "Thumbs Up" in third else if block as shown in the figure below.

24. Similarly, set the conditions for "Thumbs down" in the fourth else if block as shown in the figure below.

25. Now, let us set the conditions for the else block as shown in the figure below.

26. Give your program a name, save it, and then compile it.

27. Now, the program is ready.

Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through Bluetooth or a USB cable for the experiment to run.

28. Click on the Run button in the AI window.

29. Show any pose (Palm, Fist, Peace, Thumbs up, or Thumbs down) on the camera.

30. Observe the output.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which AI domain is used to convert spoken commands into actions on the RAK?

a Machine Learning b Natural Language Processing

c Computer Vision d Data Science

2 Which block is used to display a message like "Forward" or "Backward" on the screen?

a includes b get recognised speech

c Print Data d Move Motor

3 What gesture will make the bot move forward?

a Fist

b Palm

c Peace d ThumbsUp

B. Answer the Following.

1 What is the purpose of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in this experiment?

2 Explain the role of the "Move Motor at" block in controlling the bot.

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 How would you modify the code to adjust the speed to slow down the robot's movements for more precise control during pick-and-place tasks?

2 If the robot does not respond to the "forward" command, which part of the program should you check first for troubleshooting?

Tinker Orbits

About Tinker Orbits 1

The Tinker Orbits Kit is an innovative, hands-on STEM learning platform designed to ignite curiosity and creativity in young learners. Developed by STEMROBO, these kits provide a playful and practical introduction to electronics, circuits, sensor integration, and the Internet of Things (IoT) through engaging, student-friendly DIY projects.

Electronics Parts

Logging with AI Connect

Follow the given steps to login on AI Connect:

1. Click on the Go to Practice button to start the practice. You will be directed to the AI Connect web page as shown.

2. Click on Tinker Orbits Coding box or click on the Create button in the box to create a new project.

3. A Create Project pop-up box appears. Type the name of the project, here, we have typed ‘Tinker Orbit’. and then click on the CREATE tab

4. Click on the “Yes, Show Me!” button to take a quick demo of the workspace. Otherwise, click on “No, I’m Good” to proceed further.

5. You will be directed to the workspace.

Installation Steps

a. Click on the Installation tab and then click on the Download EXE tab and download the .exe file provided.

b. Locate and run the setup package (probably in your Downloads folder) and follow the instructions of the setup wizard. Do not change the default installation path.

c. Click Finish to complete the installation.

Note: Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

6. You can now start building your code.

About Coding Interface

1. Workspace Area: This is the area where you drag blocks for the code you want to write.

2. Blocks Panel: The blocks from the Blocks Panel help make your code.

3. Upload Button: The Upload button uploads the code.

4. Menu Bar: In the menu bar on the top, you can see options like:

• File: Allows you to open, save, or download your coding projects. You can also export your blocks or code or describe activity (in the About option under this menu).

• Setting: Adjust configuration (ports, devices, etc.).

• Reset: Clears the workspace to start fresh.

• Examples: Opens ready-made sample Tinker Orbits coding activities.

• Installation: Helps install Tinker Orbits Agent.

Burning Your Code

Burning means loading your code into the hardware. Once you have arranged the blocks to create the code, follow the given steps to burn your code.

1. Connect the brain module to the computer/laptop through the USB cable.

2. Click on the Setting option from the menu bar, then select Refresh.

3. Choose the visible COM port from the list and click Okay.

4. Click on the Upload button on the top of the workspace.

5. After a while, “Sketch uploaded successfully ” prompt will be displayed indicating that the code has been successfully uploaded to the brain.

Smart Restaurant Greeter 2

Objective

Let us explore how an ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, LED, and OLED display work together to create a simple automated greeter system. This activity helps understand how sensors detect when a customer arrives, how the servo moves, and how the display shows a greeting message—just like smart devices used in restaurants and stores.

Background

1. This experiment uses the concept of presence-detection technology commonly found in modern automated systems. In many public places, devices use sensors to sense when someone is nearby and trigger a response, such as opening doors, turning on lights, or displaying a message. These technologies improve convenience and create interactive experiences for visitors. The experiment demonstrates how simple components can detect movement and activate a greeting.

2. In robotics and automation, distance measurement is important for detecting nearby objects and avoiding collisions. An ultrasonic sensor helps achieve this by sending sound waves and measuring how long they take to bounce back after hitting an object.

The ultrasonic sensor has two important parts called TRIG and ECHO pins.

• TRIG (Trigger Pin): This pin sends a sound wave that we cannot hear.

• ECHO (Echo Pin): This pin receives the sound wave after it bounces back from an object.

By checking how long the sound takes to go and come back, the sensor can find how far the object is.

Things Around Us

Some of the real-life examples of smart restaurant greeter are:

1. Restaurant greeter robots

2. Motion-activated welcome

Ultrasonic Sensor

Circuit

• Connect the Servo Motor to SIG&VCC&GND pin of the brain module using a connecting wire.

• Connect the two LED modules to D7 and D9 of the brain module using 3 pin wires.

• Connect the ultrasonic sensor module to D2&D3 pin of the brain module using a 4pin wire.

• Connect the OLED module to A4&A5 of the brain module using a 4pin wire.

• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let's code

1. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it to the workspace.

2. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.

3. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

4. Click on the settings icon of the if block. Drag and drop the else block below the if block in the pop-up box.

5. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.

6. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

7. Select ‘<’ option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

8. Drag the Read DISTANCE on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the < (less than) operator block. Select values ‘3’ for Trig and ‘2’ for Echo from the drop-down of the block.

9. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the < (less than) operator block. Type ‘40’ in the text part of the block.

10. Drag the Set SERVO on pin from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select ‘10’ for pin from the drop-down and type ‘90’ for degrees in the text part of the block.

11. Drag two OLED Display blocks from the OUTPUT category and drop them below the Set SERVO on pin block.

12. Type ‘FOOD RESTRO’ in the TEXT part of the first OLED Display block, and type ‘WELCOMES YOU’ in the second OLED Display block. Select line ‘2’ from the drop-down for the second block.

13. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it below the OLED Display block. Select ‘7’ from the drop-down of the block.

14. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LED on block.

15. Similarly, drag another Set LED on block and drop it below the previous Set LED on block. Select ‘9’ from the drop-down of the block. Attach HIGH block to the Set LED on block.

16. Drag the Set SERVO on pin block from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the else part of the if block. Select ‘10’ for pin from the drop-down and type ‘0’ for degrees in the text part of the block.

17. Drag two Set LED on blocks from the LIGHTS category and drop them below the Set SERVO on pin block. Select ‘7’ and ‘9’ for pins of the blocks.

18. Drag two HIGH blocks from the LIGHTS category and attach them to the Set LED on blocks. Select ‘LOW’ from the drop-down of both the blocks.

19. Drag the OLED clear block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the Set LED on block.

20. When the ultrasonic sensor detects someone, the servo motor moves to open the gate, the LED lights up, and a welcome message appears on the OLED display. The indicator LEDs placed on both sides of the gate also turn on.

Note:

• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which block is used to start your program?

a My Program

c Begin Program

b Start Program

d Your Program

2 The execution of all the blocks in a code occur . a timely

c in a loop

b step by step

d with delay

3 In which direction should the motors rotate to turn the robot to the left?

a Both motors clockwise

c Left motor clockwise, right motor anticlockwise

B. Answer the Following.

b Both motors anticlockwise

d Left motor anticlockwise, right motor clockwise

1 How should the motors be configured to move the robot in the right direction?

2 What is the use of the "Repeat while" block?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Where can you see the applications of a moving robot in daily life?

2 What will happen in your project if you don't use the "Repeat while" block?

Smart Dustbin 3

Objective

Let us understand how a smart dustbin system can monitor the level of waste and give an alert when it becomes full, demonstrating how technology can help make everyday waste management more efficient.

Background

1. This experiment uses the concept of smart waste-management systems that help maintain cleanliness and hygiene. Overflowing dustbins can cause bad smell, attract insects, and make spaces uncomfortable. People often forget to empty dustbins on time, and in larger areas, checking every bin becomes difficult. Smart systems that detect waste levels help ensure timely disposal and reduce unnecessary effort. This experiment demonstrates how technology can support cleaner and more efficient waste management.

2. In robotics and automation, distance measurement is important for detecting nearby objects and avoiding collisions. An ultrasonic s ensor helps achieve this by sending sound waves and measuring how long they take to bounce back after hitting an object.

The ultrasonic sensor has two important parts called TRIG and ECHO pins.

• TRIG (Trigger Pin): This pin sends a sound wave that we cannot hear.

• ECHO (Echo Pin): This pin receives the sound wave after it bounces back from an object.

By checking how long the sound takes to go and come back, the sensor can find how far the object is.

Things Around Us

Some of the examples where waste-level detection or timely waste management is important are:

1. Robotic vacuum cleaners

2. Smart dustbin

Ultrasonic Sensor

• Connect the Ultrasonic sensor module to D2&D3 pin of the brain module using a 4 pin wire.

• Connect a Green LED module to D6 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect a Yellow LED module to D7 pin of the brain module using another 3 pin wire.

• Similarly, connect Red LED to D8 pin of the brain module.

• Connect the Power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let's Code

3. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it to the workspace.

4. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.

5. Drag the set to block from the VARIABLES category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

6. From the item drop-down of the set to block, select the Rename variable option.

7. In the pop-up box that appears, type the name of the variable. Here, we have typed ‘value’ as the variable name.

6. Click on the OK button.

7. Drag the Read DISTANCE on block from the SENSORS category and attach it to the set to block. Select values ‘3’ for Trig and ‘2’ for Echo from the drop-down of the block.

8. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it below the set to block. Click on the settings icon of the if block. Drag two else if blocks and one else block below the if block in the pop-up box.

9. Drag the and block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

10. Drag equal operator block from the LOGIC category and drop it in the left part of the and block. Select ≥

(greater than or equal to) option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

11. Similarly, drag another equal operator block and drop it in the right part of the and block. Select ≤ (less than or equal to) option from the drop-down of the second equal operator block.

12. Drag two item blocks from the VARIABLE category and drop one item block to the left of the ≥ block and second item block to the left of the ≤ block. Select ‘value’ option from the drop-down of both the item blocks.

13. Drag two number blocks from the MATH category and drop one to the right of the ≤ block and second number block to the right of the ≤ block. Type ‘20’ in the text part of the first number block and ‘30’ in the text part of the second number block.

14. Drag three Set LED on blocks from the LIGHTS category and drop them inside the do part of the if block. Select pins ‘6’, ‘7’, and ‘8’ from the drop-down of the three blocks.

15. Drag three HIGH blocks from the LIGHTS category and attach them to the right of the three Set LED on blocks. Select ‘LOW’ from the drop-down of the HIGH blocks attached to Set LED on blocks with pins 7 and 8.

16. Similarly, set conditions for the first else if block with values greater than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 19. Also set conditions for the second else if block with values greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 9.

17. In the else part of the if block, drag three Set LED on blocks, set their pins to ‘6’, ‘7’ and ‘8’. Also attach HIGH blocks to each of the Set LED on blocks and select ‘LOW’ from the drop-down of the three blocks.

18. In this circuit, the ultrasonic sensor and three LED modules are connected to the brain module. Based on the distance to the waste level detected by the sensor, the brain module switches on the appropriate LED to show how full the dustbin is.

Note:

• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What does the ultrasonic sensor measure in the smart dustbin?

a Weight of the waste

c Temperature inside the bin

2 Which LED glows when the dustbin is almost full?

a Green LED

c Red LED

b Distance to the waste level

d Colour of the waste

b Yellow LED

d Blue LED

3 What does the brain module do after reading the waste level?

a Plays a sound

c Controls which LED lights up

B. Fill in the Blanks.

b Turns the motor

d Displays a message on OLED

1 The ultrasonic sensor is connected to the and pins of the brain module.

2 The variable used to store the sensor reading in this experiment is named

3 The green, yellow, and red LEDs are connected to pins 6, , and .

4 The sensor works by sending and receiving waves to measure distance.

C.

Apply Your Learning.

1 Aisha wants to remind her classmates when the dustbin is nearly full. How can the Smart Dustbin experiment help her do this?

2 If you want the bot to turn left only when the left IR sensor detects the black line, how would you set up the motors?

Smart Climate Control System 4

Objective

Let us understand how a smart climate-control system can detect temperature and humidity and respond to the environment. This experiment shows how different components work together to sense conditions, display information, and make simple adjustments, similar to the way smart devices maintain suitable conditions in homes.

Background

This experiment uses the concept of automated climate-control systems found in smart homes. These systems monitor temperature and humidity in real time and adjust devices like fans, air conditioners, or heaters to maintain comfortable conditions. By sensing changes in the environment and responding automatically, such systems help improve comfort while also saving energy. The experiment introduces how simple components can work together to mimic smart home functionality.

Things Around Us

Some of the real-life applications of the climate-controlled system are:

1. Smart homes

2. Weather station

• Connect the Servo Motor to SIG&VCC&GND pin of the brain module using a connecting wire.

• Connect the Motor module to D8 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect the DHT11 module to D9 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect the OLED module to A4&A5 pin of the brain module using a 4 pin wire.

• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let's Code

1. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it to the workspace.

2. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.

3. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

4. Click on the settings icon of the if block. Drag and drop the else block below the if block in the pop-up box.

5. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.

6. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

7. Select ‘>’ option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

8. Drag the Read Temperature on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block. Set the pin number to ‘9’ from the drop-down.

9. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type ‘25’ in the text part of the block.

10. Drag the Set MOTOR on block from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Set the pin number to ‘8’.

11. Drag the HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and attach it to the Set MOTOR on block.

12. Drag Set SERVO on pin block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the Set MOTOR on block.

13. Select ‘10’ for pin from the drop-down of the Set SERVO on pin block and type ‘90’ in the text part of the block for degrees.

14. Drag two OLED Display blocks from the OUTPUT category and drop them below the Set SERVO on pin block.

15. Type ‘AC TURNED ON’ in the TEXT part of the first OLED Display block. This block is set to line ‘1’ by default.

16. Type ‘DOOR CLOSED’ in the TEXT part of the second OLED Display block. Select ‘2’ for line from the dropdown of the block.

17. Similarly, set conditions for the else part of the if block.

18. The DHT11 sensor measures the temperature and humidity. If the temperature is high, the motor fan turns on and the servo motor rotates by 90 degrees. The OLED then displays ‘AC TURNED ON’ on one line and ‘DOOR CLOSED’ on the next. If the temperature is within a comfortable range, the motor fan remains off, the servo motor does not rotate, and the OLED shows ‘AC TURNED OFF’ on one line and ‘DOOR OPENED’ on the next.

Note:

• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What does the DHT11 sensor measure?

a Light and sound

c Distance and speed

b Temperature and humidity

d Colour and pressure

2 What happens when the temperature is higher than the set value?

a The motor fan turns off

b The servo motor rotates to open the door

c The fan turns on and the door closes

d The OLED display turns off

3 Which component displays messages like ‘AC TURNED ON’?

a Buzzer

c OLED display

B. Fill in the Blanks.

b Motor

d Servo motor

1 The DHT11 sensor is connected to pin of the brain module.

2 When the temperature is higher than the set value, the motor connected to pin turns on.

3 The servo motor rotates degrees when the AC turns on.

4 The OLED screen shows ‘ ’ when the temperature is high.

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Riya wants her room to stay cool during summer without running the fan all the time. How can she use the idea from this experiment to save energy?

2 Sameer is making a model house that reacts to temperature changes. How can he use a sensor and a display to show what the house should do in hot or normal conditions?

Portable Weather and Soil Station 5

Objective

LLet us understand how a smart monitoring system can track soil and weather conditions to support healthy plant growth. This experiment explains how the electronic parts of the circuit measure soil moisture, surrounding temperature and humidity, display the readings, and give an alert when conditions are not suitable for plants.

Background

Farmers and gardeners need to know the weather conditions and the moisture level of the soil to take good care of plants. In many modern farms, smart systems are used to measure temperature, humidity, and soil moisture so that plants get the right amount of water at the right time. These systems help reduce water wastage and improve plant growth. By using different sensors and small digital displays, we can continuously observe the environment around plants. This experiment introduces the idea of smart farming, where technology is used to monitor nature and make farming more efficient and eco-friendly.

Things Around Us

Here are a few applications of smart farming systems:

1. Automatic Irrigation System 2. Weather Monitoring Stations 3. Greenhouse Monitoring System

Circuit

• Connect the DHT11 sensor module to pin A3 of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect the Buzzer module to D6 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect the soil moisture sensor module to A0 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect the OLED display to A4&A5 pin of the brain module using a 4 pin wire.

• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let's Code

1. Drag two OLED Display blocks from the OUTPUT category and drop them to the workspace. The blocks are set to line ‘1’ by default.

2. Type ‘Weather and’ in the TEXT part of the first block, and ‘Soil Station’ in the second block. Set the line value for the second block to ‘2’ from the drop-down.

3. Drag the wait milliseconds block from the TIME category and drop it below the OLED Display block. This block is set to ‘1000’ milliseconds (ms) by default.

4. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it below the wait milliseconds block.

5. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.

6. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

7. Click on the settings icon of the if block. Drag the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box.

8. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.

9. Drag the and block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block. Select ‘or’ from the drop-down of the and block.

10. Drag two equal operator blocks from the LOGIC category. Place one to the left of the or block and the other to its right.

11. Select greater than or equal to (≥) option from the drop-down menu of both the equal operator blocks.

12. Drag the Read SOIL MOISTURE on block from the SENSORS category and drop it to the left of the first ≥ block.

13. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it to the right of the first ≥ block. Type ‘255’ in the text part of the number block.

14. Drag the Read HUMIDITY on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the second ≥ block. Select ‘A3’ from the drop-down of the Read HUMIDITY on block.

15. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the second ≥ block. Type ‘60’ in the text part of the number block.

16. Drag the Set BUZZER on block from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select ‘6’ from the drop-down of the block.

17. Drag the HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and attach it to the Set BUZZER on block.

18. Drag the OLED Display block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the Set BUZZER on block. Select ‘3’ for line from the drop-down of the block. Type ‘Device Activate’ in the TEXT part of the block.

19. Drag the OLED clear block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the OLED Display block.

20. Similarly, drag the Set BUZZER on block and drop it in the else part of the if block. Select value ‘6’ for the pin from the drop-down menu.

21. Drag the HIGH block and attach it to the Set BUZZER on block. Select ‘LOW’ from the drop-down of the HIGH block.

22. Drag the OLED Display block and drop it below the Set BUZZER on block. Type ‘Device Deactivate’ in the TEXT part of the OLED Display block. Select ‘4’ from the drop-down of the block for the line.

23. Drag the OLED clear block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the repeat while block.

24. The Soil Moisture Sensor measures soil wetness and sends an analog value to the brain. The DHT11 Sensor provides digital readings of temperature and humidity. The brain processes this data and if the soil moisture is too high or the conditions are unsuitable, the buzzer turns on to alert the user and the OLED displays ‘Device Activate’ message else the buzzer turns off and the OLED displays ‘Device Deactivate’ message.

Note:

• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What does the soil moisture sensor measure?

a Temperature of the soil

c Colour of the soil

2 Which components does the DHT11 sensor provide?

a Light and sound

c Soil moisture and water level

b Wetness level of the soil

d Weight of the soil

b Temperature and humidity

d Pressure and wind speed

3 When does the buzzer turn on in this experiment?

a When soil moisture is very low

b When humidity is low

c When soil moisture Symbol 255 or humidity ≥ 60

d When the OLED display is blank

B. Fill in the Blanks.

1 The soil moisture sensor is connected to pin of the brain module.

2 The DHT11 sensor is connected to pin of the brain module.

3 When conditions are unsuitable, the OLED displays the message ‘ ’.

4 The buzzer is connected to pin of the brain module and turns on when an alert is needed.

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Rohan is growing plants on his balcony and often forgets to water them. How can the idea from this experiment help him take better care of his plants?

2 Meera wants to help her school display daily weather updates on the notice board. How can she use the DHT11 sensor in her project?

Smart Home Automation 6

Objective

Let us explore how motion-based automation works by building a simple Home Automation System. This activity shows how sensors can detect movement, automatically control household appliances, and display their status on a screen to support smart living and energy efficiency.

Background

In modern homes, automation is used to make daily tasks easier and more efficient. Many smart systems can automatically control lights, fans, and other appliances based on the presence or absence of people in a room. Such systems help save electricity and improve convenience. Motion-sensing technologies, like those used in automatic doors or touch-free lighting, detect when someone is nearby and respond without the need for manual switches. This experiment introduces the idea of smart home automation by showing how movement can be used to control household appliances and display their status in real time.

Things Around Us

Applications of home automation system are:

1. Smart Homes SMART HOME

2. Smart Offices

Circuit

• Connect the LED module to pin D8 of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect a motor module to D9 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect an IR sensor module to D6 pin of the brain module using another 3 pin wire.

• Connect an OLED display to A4A5 pin of the brain module using a 4 pin wire.

• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let's Code

1. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it in the workspace.

2. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.

3. Drag two OLED Display blocks from the OUTPUT category and drop them inside the repeat while block.

4. Type ‘Welcome to’ in the TEXT part of the first OLED Display block. This block is set to line ‘1’ by default.

5. Type ‘Home Automation’ in the TEXT part of the second OLED Display block. Select line ‘2’ from the dropdown of the block.

6. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it below the OLED Display block.

7. Click on the settings icon of the if block. Drag the else block from the pop-up box and drop it below the if block.

8. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.

9. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

10. Drag the Read IR on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block. Select ‘6’ for the pin from the drop-down of the block.

11. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block. Type ‘1’ in the text part of the block.

12. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select ‘8’ for the pin from the drop-down of the block.

13. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LED on block.

14. Drag the Set MOTOR on block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the Set LED on block. Select ‘9’ for the pin from the drop-down of the block.

15. Drag the HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and attach it to the Set MOTOR on block.

16. Drag the OLED Display block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the Set MOTOR on block. Type ‘Device On’ in the TEXT part of the block. Select ‘3’ for line from the drop-down of the block.

17. Drag the OLED clear block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the OLED Display block.

18. Similarly, set the conditions for the else part of the if block. In this case, select ‘LOW’ option from the dropdown of the HIGH blocks, type ‘Device Off’ in the TEXT part of the OLED Display block and select ‘4’ from the line drop-down.

19. The IR sensor continuously monitors the surroundings for any movement. When motion is detected, the brain module immediately sends signals to switch on the LED light and the fan (motor). At the same time, the OLED display shows the message “Device On”. If no movement is detected for a certain period, the brain module automatically turns off both the LED and the fan, and the OLED updates the message to “Device Off”, showing that the devices are no longer in use.

Note:

• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

Exercise

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What does the IR sensor detect in this experiment?

a Sound

b Motion

c Temperature d Light

2 Which components turn on when motion is detected?

a LED and buzzer b Motor and soil sensor

c LED and motor d OLED and servo motor

3 What does the OLED display show when the appliances are switched on?

a “System Error” b “Device Off”

c “Device On” d “Motion Detected”

B. Fill in the Blanks.

1 The IR sensor is connected to pin of the brain module.

2 When motion is detected, the LED connected to pin turns on.

3 The OLED display is connected to pins and of the brain module.

4 When no movement is detected, the OLED displays “ ”.

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Aarav wants the lights in his room to turn on automatically when he enters. How can the idea from this experiment help him set up such a system?

2 Simran wants to reduce electricity usage at home. How can a motion-based home automation system help her save energy?

Guest Counter 7

Objective

Let us explore how a visitor counting system works by automatically detecting when a person enters or leaves a room and updating the count accordingly. The objective of this experiment is to understand how sensors, push button and a display work together to monitor visitor movement accurately and show the count in real time.

Background

Visitor counting systems are commonly used in malls, offices, and events to track how many people enter or leave a space. This helps in managing crowds, ensuring safety, and planning resources. The experiment introduces this real-life concept by showing how an IR sensor and a display can work together to automatically count visitors, just like the systems we see in public places.

Things Around Us

One real-life application of the Visitor Counter experiment is: Airports using automated visitor-counting systems

Circuit

• Connect the IR sensor module to pin D9 of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect a Push button module to D8 pin of the brain module using another 3 pin wire.

• Connect an OLED display to A4A5 pin of the brain module using a 4 pin wire.

• Connect the Power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let's Code

1. Drag the Arduino run first block from the FUNCTIONS category and drop it in the workspace.

2 Drag the set item to block from the VARIABLES category and drop it inside the Arduino run first block.

3. From the item drop-down of the set item to block, select the Rename variable option.

4. Type the name of the new variable in the pop-up box. Here, we have typed ‘COUNT’.

5. Click on the OK button.

6. Drag the number block from the MATH category and attach it to the Set COUNT to block. This block is set to ‘0’ by default.

7. Drag the OLED Display block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the Set COUNT to block.

8. Similarly, drag another set item to block and drop it inside the Arduino loop forever block. Now, create another variable named ‘IR IN’ using the item drop-down of the set item to block.

9. Drag the Read IR on block from the SENSORS category and attach it to the Set IR IN to block. Select ‘9’ for pin from the drop-down.

10. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it below the set IR IN to block.

11. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

12. Drag the item block from the VARIABLES category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block. Select ‘IR IN’ from the drop-down of the item block.

13. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block. Type ‘1’ in the text part of the number block.

14. Drag the set item to block and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select ‘COUNT’ variable from the item drop-down of the set item to block.

15. Drag the + (plus) operator block from the MATH category and attach it to the set COUNT to block.

16. Drag the item block from the VARIABLES category and drop it in the left part of the + operator block. Select ‘COUNT’ from the item drop-down of the block.

17. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the + operator block. Type ‘1’ in the text part of the number block.

18. Drag the wait milliseconds block from the TIME category and drop it below the set COUNT to block. Type ‘500’ in the text part of the TIME block.

19. Drag the OLED Display block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the wait milliseconds block. Select ‘2’ for line from the drop-down of the block.

20. Select the TEXT block inside the OLED Display block and use the Delete key to remove the TEXT block.

21. Now, drag and drop the item variable block inside the empty part of the OLED Display block. Select the ‘COUNT’ option from the drop-down of the item block.

22. Drag another set item to block and drop it below the if block. Now, create another variable named ‘BTN’ using the item drop-down of the set item to block.

23. Drag the Read BUTTON on block from the INPUT category and attach it to the set BTN to block. Select ‘8’ for pin from the drop-down of the Read BUTTON on block.

24. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it below the set BTN to block.

25. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

26. Drag the item variable block and drop it inside the left part of the equal operator block. Select ‘BTN’ option from the item drop-down. In the right part of the equal operator block, drag the number block and type ‘1’ in the text part of the block.

27. Drag another if block inside the second if block. Drag the equal operator block and attach it to the third if block. Select ‘>’ option from the drop-down of the block.

28. Similarly, set the conditions for the COUNT variable to be greater than ‘0’ using the blocks as shown.

29. The IR sensor detects the presence of a visitor and sends a signal to the brain module, which increases the visitor count and updates the OLED display instantly. When the push button is pressed, the count decreases by one. The display continuously shows the updated count in real time, allowing the system to track people entering and leaving effectively.

Error Alert

A push button and a switch work on the same basic principle — they both control the flow of electricity in a circuit — but they are slightly different in how they operate:

• Push Button: It is a momentary switch, meaning it only stays ON while being pressed. When released, it goes back to the OFF position automatically. (e.g., doorbell or calculator button)

• Switch: It is a maintained contact device, meaning it stays in its ON or OFF state until manually changed. (e.g., light switch on a wall)

In short, all push buttons are switches, but not all switches are push buttons.

Note:

• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What does the IR sensor do in the Guest Counter experiment?

a Measures temperature b Detects movement or a visitor

c Shows numbers on the OLED d Controls brightness

2 What happens when the push button is pressed?

a The OLED turns off b The visitor count decreases by one

c The IR sensor resets d The count increases by one

3 Which variable stores the number of visitors?

a BTN b IR IN

c COUNT d DISPLAY

B. Answer the Following.

1 How does the IR sensor help in counting visitors?

2 What happens to the COUNT value when the push button is pressed?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Aditi wants to keep track of how many people enter her classroom during an event. How can the Guest Counter experiment help her?

2 Rahul accidentally presses the push button twice and reduces the count. How can the OLED display help him check the correct number of visitors again?

Smart Parking System 8

Objective

Let us learn how a smart parking gate operates by using an IR sensor to detect vehicles and a servo motor to open or close the gate automatically. This experiment will help us understand how sensors and motors work together to create an automated system.

Background

As more people use vehicles, it is important to manage parking areas better. Manual gates can cause delays and need someone to watch them all the time. Smart parking systems use sensors and automatic gates to make it easier and faster for vehicles to enter and leave. This experiment helps us understand how these systems work.

Things Around Us

Smart parking systems are commonly found at shopping malls, office buildings, residential complexes, public parking lots, etc.

1. Smart Parking Area with Automated Gate

2. Automatic Multi-Level Parking System

• Connect Servo motor to servo pin (D10) of the brain module using a connecting wire.

• Connect an IR sensor module to A3 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let's Code

1. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it to the workspace.

2. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.

3. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

4. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears. Select the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box.

5. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

6. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

7. Select ‘<’ (less than) operator from the drop-down of the if block.

8. Drag the Read IR on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the < (less than) operator block. Select A3 from the drop-down of the block.

9. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the < (less than) operator block. Type ‘255’ in the text part of the block.

10. Drag the Set SERVO on pin block from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select ‘10’ for the pin from the drop-down and type ‘90’ in the text part of the block for degrees.

11. Similarly, drag another Set SERVO on pin block and drop it in the else part of the if block. Select ‘10’ for the pin from the drop-down and type ‘0’ in the text part of the block for degrees.

12. When the IR sensor detects an object (or a vehicle), it sends a signal to the brain module, which then instructs the servo motor to move and open or close the gate accordingly.

Note:

• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

Exercise

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What does the IR sensor do in the Smart Parking System?

a Controls the brightness of lights

c Measures temperature

b Detects vehicles near the gate

d Displays messages

2 Which component is used to open or close the parking gate?

a Buzzer b LED

c Servo motor d Switch

3 What happens when the IR sensor detects a vehicle?

a The LED turns on

b The brain module stops working

c The servo motor moves to open the gate

d DISPLAY

B. Fill in the Blanks.

1 The IR sensor is connected to the pin of the brain module.

2 The servo motor is connected to the pin of the brain module.

3 The servo motor moves the parking open or closed.

4 An IR sensor helps the system detect a near the gate.

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Riya notices long lines at her school’s parking gate because guards open the gate manually. How can a smart parking system help in this situation?

2 Aman wants to automate the parking gate at his apartment building. Which components from this experiment will he need?

About the Book

This book introduces learners to the captivating realm of robotics, with a learner-friendly, motivating, and hands-on approach. It combines theoretical understanding with practice, through insightful examples of real-world applications, while promoting creativity and coding skills. Emphasising a project-based learning methodology, the book provides a series of projects, each with detailed instructions. These instructions can be effortlessly executed using the accompanying robotics hardware kit. The assembly and programming of the robotics systems are done through block-based coding, and simulation environments; accelerating the experiential learning journey of the learners.

Special Features

• Hands-on Experiments: Engaging experiments that allow students to build and test-run robots themselves.

• Detailed Coding Practice: Step-by-step coding instructions to program robots, making it easy for beginners to learn.

• Things Around Us: Each experiment connects robotics to real-world scenarios, showing how technology solves everyday problems.

• Comprehensive Background: Clear explanations of the concepts and the technology behind each experiment, helping students understand the "why" and the "how."

• Interactive Exercises: Exercises at the end of each experiment to reinforce learning and to challenge students to think critically.

About Uolo

Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.