ADVANCED ROBOTICS
Tekie.AI
Advanced Robotics
Acknowledgements
Academic Authors: Neha Verma, Ayushi Jain
Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish
Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh, Tauheed Danish
Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur
VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar
All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.
© Uolo EdTech Private Limited
First edition 2026
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Book Title: Tekie.AI Advanced Robotics 6
ISBN: 978-93-89789-45-4
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Robotics
What is Robotics?
Robotics is the study and creation of robots. Robots are machines that can perform various tasks. They are built using parts like metal, wires, and circuits, and programmed with special instructions to tell them what to do.
Some robots look like humans, while others are designed to work in specific places, like factories, hospitals, or even outer space! For example, a robot might assemble cars in a factory or explore the surface of Mars where humans cannot go easily.
Robots can sense their surroundings using sensors. These sensors act like the robot’s eyes, ears, and hands, helping it understand distance, temperature, or touch. Once the robot knows its surroundings, it can make decisions based on its programming.
The field of robotics combines science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to solve problems and create amazing inventions. It is an exciting way to bring creativity and technology together!
Components of Robots
Robots are made up of different parts that work together to help them move, sense, and do tasks. These parts are grouped into three main types: mechanical, electronic, and coding interface. Let us learn about them.
Mechanical Parts
Mechanical parts are like the bones and muscles of a robot. They include wheels, gears, motors, and arms. These parts help the robot move, pick up things, or spin. For example, wheels let a robot roll around, and motors make robots move by turning wheels, spinning gears, or lifting arms.
Electronic Parts
The electronic parts are like the robot’s brain and nerves. They include circuits, sensors, and batteries. These parts help the robot think and sense its surroundings. Sensors act like eyes, ears, or even a nose for the robot, allowing it to detect light, sound, or obstacles. The battery gives the robot the power it needs to work.
Coding Interface
Coding is how we talk to robots and tell them what to do. Coding means writing instructions for them to follow. The coding interface is the program or app used to give these instructions. Once coded, the robot can move in a specific direction, stop when it sees something, or even dance.
By combining these three parts—mechanical, electronic, and coding—robots come to life and do amazing things.
Robotics Advanced Kit
About Robotics Advanced Kit 1
The Robotics Advanced Kit (RAK) is a comprehensive tool for young innovators who are curious to explore the subject of robotics. It features the Robotics FULL 2.0 BLE Brain, which powers the kit’s projects. The kit also includes exciting projects, thereby encouraging creativity and problem-solving in students. With hands-on components and coding opportunities, RAK makes robotics fun-filled and accessible, inspiring students to think critically about robotics and innovate its programming. Let us explore its various components.
Electronics Parts
9.
• Long Connecting Cable × 1
• USB Cable × 1
Construction Parts
Plastic Parts
1. FULL 2.0 BLE Brain × 1
Speed Motor × 2
High Torque Motor × 1
IR Sensor × 2
5. Touch Sensor × 1
Avishkaar Rechargeable Battery × 1 7. Adapter × 1
Manual Remote × 1
• Short Connecting Cable × 4
10. Male to Male DC Jack × 1
1.
Metal Parts
A comprehensive metal design system allows you to make from easy to complex mechanical bot designs.
The Motors
Let's understand how the motors work.
Robots move in different directions by the combination of the rotation from each wheel. For example: Robot Movement
Basics of Building
Let’s understand some basics of building:
Tightening Screws:
Tightening Axle Lock:
Tightening a Motor to a Plate:
Tighten (Rotate Clockwise)
Loosen (Rotate Anti-clockwise)
Tighten (Rotate Clockwise)
Loosen (Rotate Anti-clockwise)
About the Brain
Robotics FULL 2.0 BLE Brain
Let’s understand how the Full 2.0 Brain works.
Let’s understand how the Full 2.0 BLE Brain works.
the Ultrasonic Sensor to the brain.
This port powers the brain using the battery via Male to Male DC Jack.
Building a Remote Control Car
1 Insert the axle lock and the 3.5" axles into the high-speed motors, as shown.
2 After attaching the axles to both motors, screw them to the chassis using the 6mm bolts, as shown.
3 Repeat the previous step to attach the second high-speed motor to the other side of the chassis.
4 Add a filler to the axle, then add the wheel and lastly add another axle lock. Do this for both axles.
5
Screw a 7.5 inch rectangular plate using 12 mm bolts with the first two holes of both the right and left sides of the chassis
6 Attach two U-Beams, one on top of the other using 6mm bolts. Then, screw the Caster wheel to both U-Beams using 2 K-nuts and 6mm bolts, as shown below.
7 Attach the previous assembly to the chassis as shown, with 12 mm bolts.
8 Screw the Battery at the bottom of the chassis using 6mm bolts as shown.
9
Screw the Brain to the chassis using 6mm bolts. Connect the Brain to the Battery using Male to Male DC Jack wire
About Coding Interface
10
Connect the left motor to the "M4" port and the right motor to the "M3" port of the Brain using the short connecting cables
The coding interface serves as the central hub for your kit, acting as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that enables you to write code for all of your experiments. This code is then transferred to the hardware.
The coding interface consists of the following components:
1. Workspace Area: This is where you drag blocks for the code you want to write.
2. Blocks Panel: The blocks from the Blocks Panel help make your code.
3. Share Code: The Share Code option in the File drop-down menu generates a link for the project to share with others.
4. Control Buttons: The Control Buttons consist of Save, Compile, and Connect buttons.
• Save Button: The Save button helps save your code.
• Compile Button: The Compile button helps compile your code.
• Connect Button: The Connect button helps burn your code to the hardware.
5. Arena: This is where you can see the output.
6. Buttons: The buttons help move the bot front, back, left, or right. The buttons also help rotate the bot clockwise and anticlockwise in the virtual arena.
7. Play Button: The Play button runs the code.
8. Reset Button: The Reset button resets the arena.
Burning Your Code
Burning means loading your code into the hardware. This process, mainly, has the phases as shown:
Arrange the blocks to create the code Save the code
Compile the code Burn the code
In case of error, recheck the code.
1. Once you have completed your experiment, connect the bot to a PC/Laptop using a USB cable or Bluetooth.
2. Save and compile your code by clicking on the Save and Compile buttons, respectively.
3. Now, click on Connect
4. Click on the USB Connect option or the BLE Connect (Bluetooth) option.
5. Click on the Connect Device button, and a small window will appear. Thereafter, select your connected device, and then click on Connect
6. Now click on Burn to write your program into the bot.
7. You have successfully written your code into the hardware. Now you can experiment on the bot.
Experiment 1: Bot Movements Using Motor Control 2
Objective
Learn how to control a robot by making it move forward, backwards, left, and right using motors. This helps in understanding the basics of how robots work and is a great start to learning robotics!
Background
In this experiment, the concept of time delay is used to suspend the execution of a program for a particular time. Let us understand this by looking at the process of cooking a dish in the microwave.
Put the dish in the microwave.
Set the timer of the microwave.
Take the dish out. Wait for the buzzer to beep.
Let’s Code
1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.
2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program.
3. Move the Bot Forward
• Drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it inside the My Program block.
• Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.
• Select the speed of the motor as High, Medium, or Slow from the Speed drop-down.
• Similarly, drag another Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous block.
• Select the Port3 (Advance) option from the drop-down menu.
• Configure the motor at Port3 as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down menu
• Select the speed of your choice from the Speed drop-down menu.
• Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.
• Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the forward movement of the motor for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.
• To move the bot forward for infinite time, use the Repeat while block from the Loops category with the Move Motor at blocks.
4. Move the Bot Backward
• Similarly, to turn the bot backwards, configure the motor at Port4 as Clockwise and Port3 as Anticlockwise by making the respective selections from the drop-down menus.
• To move the bot backwards for infinite time, use the Repeat while block from the Loops category with the Move Motor at blocks.
5. Move the Bot Right
• To turn the bot to the right, configure the motor at Port4 and Port3 as Anticlockwise and add a delay of 1100 ms by adding a Time block.
6. Move the Bot Left
• To turn the bot to the left, configure the motor at Port4 as Clockwise and Port3 as Clockwise too.
Note: Changing the time value will change how much the bot turns. The turning angle may change a little from one robot kit to another because of how tightly the parts are fixed or the type of floor it moves on. It may also differ in simulators used on different computers.
7. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.
8. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which block is used to start your program?
a My Program
c Begin Program
2 The execution of all the blocks in a code occur
a timely
c in a loop
b Start Program
d Your Program
b step by step
d with delay
3 In which direction should the motors rotate to turn the robot to the left?
a Both motors clockwise
c Left motor clockwise, right motor anticlockwise
B. Answer the Following.
b Both motors anticlockwise
d Left motor anticlockwise, right motor clockwise
1 How should the motors be configured to move the robot in the right direction?
2 What is the use of the "Repeat while" block?
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Where can you see the applications of a moving robot in daily life?
2 What will happen in your project if you don’t use the "Repeat while" block?
3 Experiment 2: Object Avoider
Objective
To create an object detection bot and teach it how to move around by itself. This will help the bot avoid obstacles and choose a path on its own in real time.
Things Around Us
The concept of object avoider is mostly used in the automatic vacuum cleaners.
Let’s Build
• Attach the IR sensor to the front on holes 1 and 2 in row 4 of the chassis of the RC car.
• Connect the IR sensor to Port S5 of the Brain.
Let’s Code
1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.
2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program.
3. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. This block is set to true by default.
4. Click on the Variables category.
5. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a New variable name
• Enter a suitable variable name, let’s say "IR_Sensor" to store the data of the IR sensor value received from the sensor.
• Click on the OK button.
6. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.
7. Then drag the Read IR Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach this block with the set to block.
8. Select the "Port5 (Advance)" option from the dropdown menu of the Read IR Sensor at block.
9. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.
10. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.
11. Drag the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box.
12. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.
13. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the right of the if block.
14. Select the '>' option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.
15. Drag the IR_Sensor block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block.
16. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type "400" for the text part of the number block.
17. If the value of the IR_Sensor variable is greater than 400, i.e., the IR Sensor senses the object, then blocks under the if block will be executed, else the blocks under the else block will be executed.
18. Drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it inside the do condition block.
19. Drag a Text Box block from the Text category and drop it inside the blank area of the Print Data block. Type "Object Detected" in the Text Box block.
20. Now, drag two Move Motor at blocks from the Motor category for Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop the two motors. This will instruct the bot to stop.
21. Drag and drop the Time block from the Control category. This will instruct the bot to stop for 1000 milliseconds or 1 second when the IR sensor detects an object.
22. Drag and drop two Move Motor at blocks below the Time block.
23. Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down. Select the speed of the motor as High.
24. Similarly, select the Port3 (Advance) option from the drop-down of the second Move Motor at block.
25. Configure the motor at Port3 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down. Select the speed of the motor as High. This will move both the motors backwards.
26. Also, drag and drop the Time block below the Move Motor at block.
27. Then, instruct the bot to Stop again for "1000" ms.
28. Similarly, instruct the bot to move left for "1100" ms by configuring the motor at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise. You can turn the bot in any direction as you wish.
29. Thereafter, Stop the bot for "1000" ms.
30. In the else condition, instruct the bot to move forward as long as the IR sensor does not detect any object.
31. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.
32. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which block is used to set the initial value of a variable?
a Read variable b set to
c create variable d Repeat while
2 The blocks related to the sensor blocks are found in which category?
a Robot
b Control
c Variable d Sensor
3 Which icon should be clicked to add the "else" block with the "if" block?
a settings
c control
B. Answer the Following.
1 What is the use of the "greater than" block?
2 What is the purpose of the "Print Data" block?
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 How can you display a message in your program?
b equal
d sensor
2 Discuss any one application of the object avoider in real life.
4 Experiment 3: Automatic Door Opener
Objective
To build a system that automates door operations using sensors and motors. It aims to apply logic and programming to create a functional system that simulates real-world automation.
Background
Functions
• A function is a reusable block of code designed to perform a specific task. It takes input, processes it, and returns an output. Functions help structure code, reduce repetition, and make programs more readable.
• Functions can be defined using the to do something block from the Functions category. All blocks placed inside this block collectively form the function definition.
• You can type a suitable name for the function, such as "My_Function", in the text part of the block.
• Since the My Program block is where the execution of all the blocks begins step by step, the function must be called inside the My Program block.
Things Around Us
This is how an automatic door opener may look like:
1 Connect the 7.5" L-Beam with the 7.5''U-Beam perpendicular to each other with K-Nuts and 12mm Bolts.
2 Connect another 7.5" L-Beam with another 7.5''U-Beam perpendicular to each other with Nuts and Bolts as shown.
3 Insert two Bolts and fix two Nuts in between the 7.5'' U-Channel as shown.
4 Tighten the Bolts with K-Kuts from the back side as shown.
5 Take two High Speed Motors, two 3.5'' Axles, and two Axle Locks and fix them all together with the U-Channel as shown.
6 Insert two Small Spur Gears and two Axle Locks into the 3.5'' Axles as shown.
7 Attach the IR sensor facing downwards to the 7.5'' U-Channel as shown.
8 Attach all three assemblies with four Nuts and Bolts.
9 Attach two Rack Gears to two 7.5'' Rectangular Plates.
10 Now, insert the Rectangular Plates from top to bottom.
11 Now, attach the Brain to the 7.5" L-Beam using 6mm Bolts.
1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.
2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this will occur step by step.
3. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. The loop value is set to true by default.
4. Click on the Variables category.
• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say 'Door_Flag'.
• Click on the OK button.
5. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to create a new variable name.
6. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.
7. Drag the number block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block. The number block is set to '0' by default.
8. Drag the if block from the Control category and place it below the set to block. Let’s Code
9. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and drop it to the right of the if block. Select the not equal to option from the drop-down menu of the equal operator block.
10. Drag the Read IR Sensor at block from the Sensor category and drop it in the left part of the not equal to operator block.
11. Drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the not equal to operator block. The number block is set to '0' by default.
12. Now, drag another if block and place it in the do part of the first if block.
13. Drag the equal operator block and drop it to the right of the second if block.
14. Drag the Door_Flag block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.
15. Drop the number block in the right part of the equal operator block.
16. Drag the to do something block from the Functions category and drop it anywhere in the workspace. Type "Door_Movement" in the text part of the block.
17. Now, we will drag and drop the blocks inside the to Door_Movement block to define the "Door_Movement" function.
18. Drag two Move Motor at blocks from the Motor category and drop them inside the to Door_Movement block.
19. Configure the motor at Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise and the motor at Port4 (Advance) as Anticlockwise.
20. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block. Type '400' in the value box of the bot so that the bot opens the gate for 400 milliseconds (ms).
21. Similarly, set conditions to stop the bot for 400 milliseconds (ms), close the gate for 400 milliseconds and then stop the bot again.
22. Now, drag the Door_Movement block from the Functions category and drop it in the do part of the second if block.
23. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it below the Door_Movement block.
24. Drag the number block and attach it to the right of the set to block. Type '1' in the value box of the number block.
25. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.
26. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which among the following blocks is used for defining a function?
c d None of these
2 Which among the following sensors has been used in the experiment?
a Touch Sensor
c IR Sensor
3 What is the primary advantage of using functions in a program?
a They make the program run faster.
b They eliminate the need for variables.
c They allow code reuse and improve readability.
d They ensure the program is free of errors.
B. Answer the Following.
1 What is a function?
b Sound Sensor
d Temperature Sensor
2 Under what conditions does the door automatically open as per the experiment?
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 How does the automatic door opener experiment demonstrate the use of sensors in real-life applications?
2 In what way can automatic doors be useful for people with disabilities?
5 Experiment 4: Toy Parking Station
Objective
To create a car parking lot using IR sensors, with which the door can open automatically and the car can enter.
Let’s Build
1 Connect the 2.5" L-Channel to the 7.5" Rectangle in the RC Car assembly using K-Nuts and 12mm Bolts.
2 Similarly, connect another 2.5" L-Channel to the 7.5" Rectangle
3 Connect the High Torque Motor to the 2.5" Square Plate using an Axle Lock, a 3.5" Axle, and Bolts.
4
Connect the Small Spur Gear to the Square Plate using a Filler, an Axle, and an Axle Lock.
5 Connect the Medium Spur Gear to the Square Plate using a Filler, an Axle, and an Axle Lock.
6
Connect the 7.5" U-Beam to the Axle connected to the Medium Spur Gear using a 3-Hole Connector, an Axle Lock, Nuts, and Bolts.
7 Connect the IR Sensor to the U-Beam using Bolts.
8 Connect the Square Plate in the assembly from the previous step to the L-Channel in the assembly from step 2 using Nuts and Bolts.
1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.
9 Insert an Axle Lock in the Axle connected to the Medium Spur Gear to tighten the assembly.
10 Connect IR Sensor to Port S5 of the Brain. Finally, we have completed the assembly for the Toy Parking Station as follows:
2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step.
3. Click on the Variables category.
4. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to create a new variable name.
• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say "IR_Sensor".
• Click on the OK button.
5. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the My Program block.
6. Drag the number block from the Math category and attach the block to the set to block. The number block is set to '0' by default.
7. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it below the set to block to begin the infinite loop. The loop value is set to true by default.
8. Drag another set to block inside the Repeat while block.
9. Drag the Read IR Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach it to the set to block. Select 'Port5 (Advance)' option from the drop-down of the Read IR Sensor at block.
10. Drag the if block from the Control category and place it below the set to block.
11. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.
12. Drag the else block and place it below the if block in the pop-up box (refer to the image below).
13. Click on the settings icon to hide the pop-up box.
14. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and drop it to the right of the if block. Select '>' option from the drop-down menu of the equal operator block.
15. Drag the IR_Sensor block from the Variables category and drop it to the left of the greater than operator block.
16. Drag the number block from the Math category and drop it to the right of the greater than operator block. Type '400' in the text part of the number block.
17. Drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it in the do part of the if block. The Print Data block is set to Row1 by default.
18. From the Text category, drag the Text Box block and drop it in the empty space of the Print Data block. 19. In the Text Box block, type the text "Lifting Barrier".
20. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the Print Data block. Type '500' in the text part of the block to set the time to 500 milliseconds (ms) or 0.5 seconds.
21. Drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the Time block. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) as Anticlockwise. Set the speed to Medium.
22. Drag and drop the Time block below the Move Motor at block. Type '2000' for the text part of the Time block to set the time to 2000 milliseconds (ms) or 2 seconds.
23. Similarly, drag and drop the Move Motor at block below the last Time block. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) to Stop
24. Drag and drop the Time block below the last Move Motor at block. Type '2000' in the text part of the Time block.
25. Now, drag and drop the Move Motor at block below the last Time block. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) as Clockwise. Set the speed to Medium.
26. Drag and drop the Time block below the last Move Motor at block. Type '2000' in the text part of the Time block.
27. Drag and drop the Move Motor at block below the last Time block. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) to Stop
28. Drag the Print Data block from the Display category and attach it to the else block. The Print Data block is set to Row1 by default.
29. From the Text category, drag the Text Box block and drop it in the empty space of the Print Data block.
30. In the Text Box block, type the text "Barrier Enabled".
31. Now, drag and drop the Move Motor at block below the Print Data block. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) to Stop.
32. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.
33. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which of the following blocks is found in the 'Loops' category?
2 Which of the following is not a category in the Blocks panel? a Control b Text c Sensor d Time
3 What is the default value of the number block?
B. Answer the Following.
1 Write the steps to arrange the blocks in the given order.
2 Write the steps to arrange the blocks in the given order.
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Which device helps the self-driving car detect obstacles and open the car parking door automatically?
2 At a railway crossing, a boom barrier comes down when a train is about to pass. Why do you think the boom barrier is important at the railway crossing?
6 Experiment 5: Soccer Bot AI
Objective
To play a soccer game using a soccer robot, a gaming robot.
Background
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence or AI, is the field of computer science that deals with the study of the principles, concepts, and technology for building machines that enable them to think, act, and learn like humans. Machines possessing AI should be able to mimic human traits like making decisions, recognising patterns, predicting outcomes based on certain actions, learning, and improving on their own.
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
NLP is a domain of AI that enables computers to understand human language and generate appropriate responses when we interact with them. It allows computers to talk to us in a way that feels natural to us. Popular examples of NLP applications include Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, Google Translate, etc.
Computer Vision
Computer Vision is a domain of AI which uses cameras to see and understand visual information.
Things Around Us
Some real-life examples of natural language processing are:
1. Virtual Assistants
2. Language Translation Apps
Some real-life examples of computer vision are:
Adding AI Plugins
Follow the given steps to add camera and speech plugins for AI experiments:
1. Click on the Project tab and choose the Plugins option.
2. Now click AI/ML option.
Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
3. Select Camera Capture Mode or Speech Recognition Mode as per requirement.
4. A pop-up box with name 'AI/ML - Camera Capture Mode Plug-in' or 'Plugins - AI/ML - Speech Recognition Mode' appears based on your choice.
5. Click on Add Plug-in tab and then click on Plug-in Added tab.
6. A new category of blocks named AI will be added to the Blocks panel on the left and a new AI window will be added to the right panel.
Soccer Bot AI: Using Speech Recognition Mode
In this experiment, the use of NLP in the RAK bot includes:
• Recognising spoken commands such as "hand", "forward", "backward", "left", and "right".
• Converting spoken commands into actions that the RAK can execute.
• Detecting user input that is not clear and prompting the user to repeat the commands.
Let’s Code
1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.
2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this will occur step by step.
3. Drag the repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. The loop value is set to true by default.
4. Click on the Variables category.
1. Face Recognition in Smartphones 2. Self-Driving Cars
5. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a new variable name.
• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say "Speech".
• Click on the OK button.
6. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the repeat while block.
7. Drag the get recognised speech block from the Speech Recognition category and attach it to the set to block.
8. Now, drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.
9. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.
10. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box. Repeat this four times (refer to the image below).
11. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.
12. Now, drag the includes block from the Text category and attach it to the if block.
13. Drag the Speech block from the Variables category and drop it in the left text box of the includes block.
14. Type "hand" in the right text box of the includes block.
15. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it in the do part of the if block.
16. Drag the Text Box block from Text category and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type "Moving Arm".
17. Now, drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the Print Data block.
18. Configure the Motor at Port2 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down.
19. Select the speed as High from the Speed drop-down menu.
20. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the Move Motor at block.
21. Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the clockwise movement of the arm for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.
22. Similarly, drag another Move Motor at block and drop it below the Time block.
23. Configure the Motor at Port2 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.
24. Select the speed as High from the Speed drop-down menu.
25. Drag the Time block and drop it below the Move Motor at block.
26. Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the anticlockwise movement of the motor for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.
27. Then, instruct the arm to Stop.
28. Now, drag the includes block from the Text category and attach it to the first else if block.
29. Drag the Speech block from the Variables category and drop it in the left text box of the includes block.
30. Type "forward" in the right text box of the includes block.
31. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it in the do part of the else if block.
32. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type "Forward".
33. Now, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it below the Print Data block.
34. Configure the Motor at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.
35. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.
36. Drag another Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous Move motor at block.
37. Configure the Motor at Port3 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down. This will move the bot in the forward direction.
38. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.
39. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the Move Motor at block. This block is set to time '1000' milliseconds (ms) by default.
40. Then configure both the motors to Stop.
41. Similarly, set the conditions for "backward" in the second else if block as shown in the figure below.
42. Similarly, set the conditions for "left" in the third else if block as shown in the figure below.
43. Similarly, set the conditions for "right" in the fourth else if block as shown in the figure below.
44. Name your program, save it, and then compile it.
45. Now the program is ready to burn on the RAK.
Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through a Bluetooth or USB cable for the experiment to run.
46. Click on the Run button in the AI window.
47. Allow the system to use your microphone to hear your commands.
48. Click on the microphone button in the AI window
49. Give any command (hand, forward, backward, left or right). Here, the AI detects the voice as "forward".
50. Click on the microphone button again and observe the output.
Soccer Bot AI: Using Camera Capture Mode
• The AI model is trained to detect specific handposes, such as palm, fist, and fingers.
• Once trained, the model can identify these gestures in real-time.
• Each gesture then triggers specific actions within the game, such as moving forward, backwards, turning left, or turning right.
This allows players to control the bot with hand movements.
Instructions
Before we start writing the code, let us train our AI Model. Follow the given steps:
1. Allow the system to use your camera.
2. Click on the Configure AI Model button in the AI Window on the right of your screen.
3. Choose your model by selecting Handpose from the Create Your Model pop-up window.
4. Add a name for your model and click on the Save button. You can also skip it.
5. Now, add the label name 'Palm' and click on the Save button.
6. Click on the Start Recording button and show your palm up to 60 Frames on the camera.
7. Now, click on the Plus sign in the top left corner and add a name for Label 2. Here, the name of Label 2 is "Fist". Then, click on the Save button.
8. Similarly, record different fist postures up to 60 Frames on the camera.
9. Similarly, add other labels such as 1 Finger, 2 Fingers, and 3 Fingers.
10. Now, click on the Train Model button to train the AI on the recorded handposes. It will take a few minutes.
11. Add an appropriate model name and save it.
12. Test your model to check whether the AI is able to recognise the palm, fist, and different number of fingers correctly.
13. Now, click on the Download button.
14. You are now ready to write your code.
Let’s Code
1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.
2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this will occur step by step.
3. Drag the repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block. The block is set to true by default.
4. Now drag the if block from the Control category and drop it inside the repeat while block.
5. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.
6. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box. Repeat this five times (refer to the image below).
7. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.
8. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.
9. Now, drag the get detected AI label block from the AI category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.
10. Drag the Palm block from the AI category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block.
11. Now, drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it in the do part of the if block.
12. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down.
13. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.
14. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the Move Motor at block.
15. Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the clockwise movement of the arm for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.
16. Similarly, drag another Move Motor at block and drop it below the Time block.
17. Configure the Motor at Port2 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.
18. Select the speed as Medium from the Speed drop-down menu.
19. Drag the Time block and drop it below the Move Motor at block.
20. Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the anticlockwise movement of the arm for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.
21. Similarly, drag another equal operator block and attach it to the first else if block.
22. Now, drag the get detected AI label block and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.
23. In the right part of the equal operator block, drag and drop the Palm block from the AI category. Select the Fist option from the drop-down of the Palm block.
24. Now, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it in the do part of the first else if block.
25. Configure the Motor at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.
26. Select the speed as High from the Speed drop-down menu.
27. Again, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous Move Motor at block.
28. Configure the Motor at Port3 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down.
29. Select the speed as High from the Speed drop-down menu.
30. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the Move Motor at block.
31. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type "Forward".
32. Similarly, set the conditions for "1 Finger" in the second else if block as shown in the figure below.
33. Similarly, set the conditions for "2 Finger" in the third else if block as shown in the figure below.
34. Set the conditions for "3 Finger" in the fourth else if block as shown in the figure below.
35. Now, set condition for "none" (if none of the above handposes is detected) in the fifth else if block as shown in the figure below.
36. Give your program a name, save it, and then compile it.
37. Now the program is ready to run on the RAK.
Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through a Bluetooth or USB cable for the experiment to run.
38. Click on the Run button on the AI window.
39. Show any handpose (Palm, Fist, or Finger) on the camera.
40. Observe the output.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which AI domain is used to convert spoken commands into actions on the RAK?
a Machine Learning b Natural Language Processing
c Computer Vision d Data Science
2 Which block is used to display a message like "Forward" or "Backward" on the screen?
a includes b get recognised speech
c Print Data d Move Motor at
3 What gesture will make the bot move forward?
a Fist
b Palm
c 1 Finger d 2 Fingers
B. Answer the Following.
1 What is the purpose of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in this experiment?
2 Explain the role of the "Move Motor at" block in controlling the bot.
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 If you want the bot to stop moving when there is no command, how could you modify the code?
2 Name any two real-life examples of NLP and CV.
Tinker Orbits
About Tinker Orbits Kit 1
About Tinker Orbits
The Tinker Orbits Kit is an innovative, hands-on STEM learning platform designed to ignite curiosity and creativity in young learners. Developed by STEMROBO, these kits provide a playful and practical introduction to electronics, circuits, sensor integration, and the Internet of Things (IoT) through engaging, student-friendly DIY projects.
Electronics Parts
Logging with AI Connect
Follow the given steps to login on AI Connect:
1. Click on the Go to Practice button to start the practice. You will be directed to the AI Connect web page as shown.
2. Click on Tinker Orbits Coding box or click on the Create button in the box to create a new project.
3. A Create Project pop-up box appears. Type the name of the project, here, we have typed ‘Tinker Orbit’ and then click on the CREATE tab.
4. Click on the “Yes, Show Me!” button to take a quick demo of the workspace. Otherwise, click on “No, I’m Good” to proceed further.
5. You will be directed to the workspace.
Installation Steps
a. Click on the Installation tab and then click on the Download EXE tab and download the .exe file provided.
b. Locate and run the setup package (probably in your Downloads folder) and follow the instructions of the setup wizard. Do not change the default installation path.
c. Click Finish to complete the installation.
Note: Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
6. You can now start building your code.
About Coding Interface
The coding interface serves as the central hub for your kit, acting as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that enables you to write code for all of your experiments. This code is then transferred to the hardware. The coding interface consists of the following components:
1. Workspace Area: This is the area where you drag blocks for the code you want to write.
2. Blocks Panel: The blocks from the Blocks Panel help make your code.
3. Upload Button: The Upload button uploads the code.
4. Menu Bar: In the menu bar on the top, you can see options like:
• File: Allows you to open, save, or download your coding projects. You can also export your blocks or code or describe activity (in the About option under this menu).
• Setting: Adjust configuration (ports, devices, etc.).
• Reset: Clears the workspace to start fresh.
• Examples: Opens ready-made sample Tinker Orbits coding activities.
• Installation: Helps install Tinker Orbits Agent.
Burning Your Code
Burning means loading your code into the hardware. Once you have arranged the blocks to create the code, follow the given steps to burn your code.
1. Connect the brain module to the computer/laptop through the USB cable.
2. Click on the Setting option from the menu bar, then select Refresh.
3. Choose the visible COM port from the list and click Okay.
4. Click on the Upload button on the top of the workspace.
5. After a while, “Sketch uploaded successfully” prompt will be displayed indicating that the code has been successfully uploaded to the brain.
Experiment 1: Display Text on OLED 2
Objective
Let us explore the basics of electronics and coding by displaying text on an OLED screen using a brain module. Through this activity, we will learn how to write simple code to control the OLED display and understand the role of outputs and visual displays in electronic systems.
Background
This experiment uses the concept of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) displays, which are thin, energyefficient screens that emit light when an electric current passes through them. OLEDs are commonly used in devices like smartphones, digital boards, and televisions because of their bright and clear display. In this experiment, the OLED acts as an output device that shows text, helping learners understand how information is visually presented in electronic systems.
Things Around Us
Some of the real-life examples of OLEDs are:
Circuit
• Connect an OLED display module to A4 & A5 pin of the brain module using a 4 pin wire.
• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.
1. Digital Signage Displays 2. Smartphones 3. Television
1. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it to the workspace.
2. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.
3. Drag the OLED Display block from the OUTPUT category and drop it inside the repeat while block.
4. In the TEXT part of the block, type the desired text you want to display. You can also enter numbers, including decimal values. Additionally, you can change the line number by selecting the required one from the drop-down menu. Here, it will display the message on top of the OLED screen.
5. The brain module is programmed to send specific signals to the OLED display, instructing it to show the desired text. It processes the instructions and converts the data into visible characters, lighting up the OLED screen to display the message.
Note:
• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 What is the full form of OLED?
a Optical Light Emitting Diode b Organic Light Emitting Diode
c Original Light Emission Display d Operational Light Emitting Device
2 The OLED display is connected to which pins of the brain module?
a A1 & A2
c A3 & A4
b A2 & A3
d A4 & A5
3 What is the function of the OLED display in this experiment?
a It stores data from the sensors.
b It acts as an output device to show text.
c It provides power to the brain module.
d It receives input from the user.
B. Fill in the Blanks.
1 The OLED display lights up when the module sends signals to it.
2 The OLED screen is an example of an device.
3 OLEDs are used in everyday devices like and
4 To upload the code to the brain module, click on the button.
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Aarav wants to design a small name board for his classroom that displays “Welcome” on a screen. Which Tinker Orbits components should he use for it?
2 Meera wants to make the text on the OLED screen appear on the second line instead of the first. Which part of the code should she modify to do this?
Experiment 2: Automatic Street Light 3
Objective
Let us understand how an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor can be used to detect light intensity and automatically control an LED, similar to how streetlights turn on at night and switch off during the day.
Background
In our daily lives, we see streetlights that turn on by themselves at night and switch off during the day. This happens with the help of a special sensor called an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) that can sense how bright or dark it is. In this experiment, students will learn how the LDR helps control an LED light automatically, just like real streetlights that work on their own without anyone pressing a switch.
Things Around Us
Some real-life applications of the LDR sensor are:
Circuit
• Connect the LDR sensor module to pin A0 on the brain module using 3 pin wire.
• Connect the LED module to D6 pin on the brain module using another 3 pin wire.
• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.
1. Automatic Street Lights
2. Solar Garden Lights
1. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it to the workspace.
2. Click the settings icon of the if block, then drag and drop the else block below the if block in the pop-up box.
3. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.
4. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.
Select ‘<’ from the drop-down of the equal operator block.
6. Drag the Read LDR on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the less than operator block. This block is set to pin A0 by default.
7. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the less than operator block. Type ‘255’ in the text part of the number block.
8. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select ‘6’ from the drop-down menu of the Set LED on block.
9. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LED on block.
10. Similarly, drag another Set LED on block and drop it in the else part of the if block. Select ‘6’ from the drop-down menu of the block.
11. Attach HIGH block to the Set LED on block and select LOW from its drop-down.
12. When the surrounding light becomes dim, the LDR sensor detects the change and sends a signal to the brain. Based on the programmed instructions, the LED turns on, acting like a streetlight that glows at night. When the surroundings are bright, the sensor signals the brain to turn the LED off, just like a streetlight that switches off during the day.
Note:
• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 The LDR sensor is used to detect:
a Sound intensity b Light intensity
c Temperature d Distance
2 When the surroundings are bright, the LED:
a Turns on b Blinks continuously
c Turns off d Changes colour
3 The LDR sensor is connected to which pin on the brain module? a D6
B. Fill in the Blanks.
1 LDR stands for .
2 When the light is dim, the LED turns .
3 The LED is connected to pin on the brain module.
4 The automatic streetlight system works on the principle of detecting .
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Riya wants to make a smart garden lamp that automatically turns on at night. Which sensor should she use and why?
2 Arjun notices that his room light stays on even during the day. How can he use the idea from this experiment to save electricity?
Experiment 3: Distance Meter 4
Objective
Let us understand how an ultrasonic sensor can measure the distance of an object using sound waves and display the measured value on an OLED screen, while also controlling an LED to indicate when the object is too close.
Background
In robotics and automation, distance measurement is important for detecting nearby objects and avoiding collisions. An ultrasonic sensor helps achieve this by sending sound waves and measuring how long they take to bounce back after hitting an object.
The ultrasonic sensor has two important parts called TRIG and ECHO pins.
• TRIG (Trigger Pin): This pin sends a sound wave that we cannot hear.
• ECHO (Echo Pin): This pin receives the sound wave after it bounces back from an object.
By checking how long the sound takes to go and come back, the sensor can find how far the object is.
Things Around Us
Some real-life applications of an ultrasonic sensor are:
Ultrasonic Sensor
1. Car Parking Sensors
2. Metro Entry and Exit Gates
3. Robotic Vacuum Cleaners
• Connect the LED module to pin D6 on the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
• Connect an OLED module to A4&A5 pin on the brain module using a 4 pin wire.
• Connect the Ultrasonic module to D2 & D3 pin on the brain module using a 4 pin wire.
• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.
Let’s Code
1. Drag the OLED Display block from the OUTPUT category and drop it to the workspace.
2. Type “Distance” in the TEXT part of the block.
3. Drag another OLED Display block and drop it below the previous OLED Display block. Select the line ‘2’ from the drop-down of the block.
4. Select the TEXT block within the second OLED Display block and press the Delete button from the keyboard to remove the TEXT block.
5. Drag the Read DISTANCE on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in place of the deleted TEXT block. Select the pin number Trig to ‘3’ and Echo to ‘2’.
6. Drag the wait milliseconds block from the TIME category and drop it below the OLED Display block. This block is set to ‘1000’ milliseconds by default.
7. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it below the wait milliseconds block.
8. Click on the settings icon of the if block. Drag the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box.
9. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.
10. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block. Select ‘>’ option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.
11. Drag the Read DISTANCE on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the greater than comparison block. Select the pin number Trig to ‘3’ and Echo to ‘2’.
12. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type ‘10’ in the text part of the number block.
13. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select ‘6’ from the drop-down menu of the block.
14. Attach the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category to the Set LED on block and select LOW from the drop-down.
15. Similarly, drag another Set LED on block and drop it in the else block. Set its pin to ‘6’.
16. Attach the HIGH block to the Set LED on block.
17. Drag the OLED clear block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the else block.
18. The ultrasonic sensor sends out sound waves and measures the time taken for them to bounce back from an object. The brain module calculates the distance and displays it on the OLED screen. If the object is closer than a set value, the brain module also switches on the LED as an alert.
Note:
• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 The ultrasonic sensor measures distance using:
a Light waves
c Magnetic waves
2 The TRIG pin of the ultrasonic sensor is used to:
a Receive the sound wave
c Display the distance
3 The measured distance is displayed on the:
a LED
c OLED screen
B. Fill in the Blanks.
b Sound waves
d Heat waves
b Send the sound wave
d Control the LED
b LDR sensor
d Brain module
1 The pin of the ultrasonic sensor receives the sound wave after it bounces back.
2 The LED lights up when the object comes too to the sensor.
3 The module calculates distance based on the time taken for the sound to bounce back.
4 Ultrasonic sensors are also used in and car parking systems.
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Rohan wants to build a safety alarm that turns on when someone comes too close to his desk. Which sensor should he use, and how will it work?
2 Maira wants to create a system that alerts when the water level in a tank becomes too high. Other than an LED, which component can she use to give this warning?
Experiment 4: Monitoring Temperature and Humidity 5
Objective
Let us learn how to read temperature and humidity data from a DHT11 sensor and display the readings on an OLED screen using simple coding.
In robotics and electronics, sensors like the DHT11 are used to measure environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. These sensors help devices collect real-time data, which can then be displayed on screens like OLEDs. Background
Things Around Us
Some of the real-life examples of DHT11 sensor are:
Circuit
• Connect an OLED display module to A4 & A5 pin of the brain module using a 4 pin wire.
• Connect a DHT11 sensor module to A0 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.
1. Weather Stations
2. Home Automation Systems
1. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it to the workspace.
2. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block. This will run the set of instructions inside it continuously without stopping as long as the condition is true.
3. Drag the OLED Display block from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the repeat while block.
4. Click on the TEXT part of the OLED Display block and type ‘Temp:’.
5. Drag another OLED Display block and drop it below the previous OLED Display block. Select the line ‘2’ from the drop-down of the block.
6. Select the TEXT block within the second OLED Display block and press the Delete button from the keyboard to remove the TEXT block.
7. Drag the Read Temperature on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in place of the deleted TEXT block. Select the pin number to ‘A0’.
8. Similarly, drag another OLED Display block and drop it below the previous OLED Display block.
9. Type ‘Humid:’ in the TEXT part of the block and select line ‘3’ from the drop-down menu.
10. Similarly, drag the OLED Display block for the fourth time and drop it below the previous OLED Display block. Select line ‘4’ from the drop-down menu.
11. Delete the TEXT block inside the OLED Display block using the Delete key from the keyboard.
12. Drag the Read HUMIDITY on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in place of the deleted TEXT block. Select the pin number to ‘A0’.
13. When the DHT11 sensor measures the temperature and humidity, it sends the data to the brain module, which processes the information and displays the values on the OLED screen.
Note:
• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 The DHT11 sensor is used to measure:
a Light intensity
c Temperature and humidity
b Sound and motion
d Air pressure
2 The OLED display is connected to which pins on the brain module?
a A0 & A1
c D2 & D3
b A4 & A5
d A1 & A2
3 Which block is used to run the program continuously and update readings on the OLED?
a Wait block
c If block
B. Answer the Following.
b Repeat while true block
d Count with block
1 What information is displayed on the OLED screen in this experiment?
2 What will happen if the DHT11 sensor is not connected properly to the brain module?
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Tarun noticed that his OLED screen is not showing temperature readings. What should he check to fix the problem?
2 Priya wants to use this setup at home. What changes can she make if she finds the temperature and humidity levels are too high?
Experiment 5: Activate the Laser Beam 6
Objective
Let us understand how a push button can be used to control the activation of a laser beam in a circuit by assembling and testing a push button–controlled laser system.
Background
In many real-world applications, push buttons are used to control electrical devices — from ringing doorbells to operating machines and alarms. A laser beam is a focused light source often used in scanners, signaling, or detection. This experiment demonstrates how a simple push button can control the flow of current to a laser module, turning it on when pressed and off when released.
Error Alert
A push button and a switch work on the same basic principle — they both control the flow of electricity in a circuit — but they are slightly different in how they operate:
• Push Button: It is a momentary switch, meaning it only stays ON while being pressed. When released, it goes back to the OFF position automatically. (e.g., doorbell or calculator button)
• Switch: It is a maintained contact device, meaning it stays in its ON or OFF state until manually changed. (e.g., light switch on a wall)
In short, all push buttons are switches, but not all switches are push buttons.
Things Around Us
Some real-life applications of push button-controlled lasers are:
1. Barcode Scanners
2. Presentation Pointers
• Connect the Push Button module to pin D9 on the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
• Connect the Laser module to D6 pin on the brain module using another 3 pin wire.
• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.
Let’s Code
1. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it to the workspace.
2. Click the settings icon of the if block, then drag and drop the else block below the if block in the pop-up box.
3. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.
4. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.
5. Drag the Read BUTTON on block from the INPUT category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block. Select pin ‘9’ from the drop-down of the Read BUTTON on block.
6. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block.
7 Drag the Set LASER on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Set the pin number to ‘6’.
8 Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LASER on block.
9. Similarly, drag and drop another Set LASER on block in the else part of the if block. Also set its pin to ‘6’.
10. Attach HIGH block to the Set LASER on block and select LOW from the drop-down.
11. When the Push button is pressed, it sends a HIGH signal to the brain module. According to the programmed instructions, this signal activates the laser module, turning it on and emitting a visible laser beam to indicate that the push button has been pressed.
Note:
• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 The push button sends a HIGH signal to the brain module when it is: a Released b Pressed
c Connected to power d Not connected
2 The laser module turns on when:
a The push button is pressed
c The push button is not pressed
b The power bank is disconnected
d The USB cable is removed
3 The push button is connected to which pin on the brain module?
a D6 b D8
c D9
B. Fill in the Blanks.
1 A button is a momentary switch that stays on only while it is pressed.
2 The laser module is connected to pin on the brain module.
3 The brain module follows the given in the code to control the laser.
4 The module emits a visible beam when activated.
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Vaibhav noticed that the laser does not turn on when he presses the push button. What should he check to fix the issue?
2 Vindya wants to use a push button to turn on a small LED instead of a laser. How can she modify this circuit to do that?
Experiment 6: Switch Controlled Lighting 7
Objective
Let us understand how a switch can be used to control the operation of an LED in a circuit, keeping the LED on when the switch is turned on and turning it off when the switch is pressed again (or turned off).
Background
Switches are commonly used to operate lights and other devices in everyday life. They allow users to turn devices on or off easily. LEDs and switches are also widely used in flashlights, where the switch controls the LED to provide portable lighting. Such systems help us understand how switches make the use of lighting devices simple and efficient in various applications.
Error Alert
A push button and a switch work on the same basic principle — they both control the flow of electricity in a circuit — but they are slightly different in how they operate:
• Push Button: It is a momentary switch, meaning it only stays ON while being pressed. When released, it goes back to the OFF position automatically. (e.g., doorbell or calculator button)
• Switch: It is a maintained contact device, meaning it stays in its ON or OFF state until manually changed. (e.g., light switch on a wall)
In short, all push buttons are switches, but not all switches are push buttons.
Things Around Us
Some real-life applications of switch-controlled LEDs are:
1. Flashlights
2. Decorative LED Lights
• Connect the Switch module to D8 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
• Connect the LED module to D6 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
• Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.
Let’s Code
1. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it to the workspace.
2. Click the settings icon of the if block, then drag and drop the else block below the if block in the pop-up box.
3. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.
4. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.
5. Drag the Read SWITCH on block from the INPUT category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block. Select pin ‘8’ from the drop-down of the block.
6. Drag the HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block.
7. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Set the LED pin to ‘6’ from the drop-down.
8. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LED on block.
9. Similarly, drag another Set LED on block and drop it in the else part of the if block. Set the LED pin to ‘6’.
10. Attach the HIGH block to the Set LED on block and select LOW from the drop-down menu of the block.
11. When the switch is turned on, it sends a HIGH signal to the brain module. The brain module then follows the programmed instructions to turn the LED on. When the switch is turned off, a LOW signal is sent, and the brain module turns the LED off. This shows how the brain module responds to input signals from the switch to control the LED in the circuit.
Note:
• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 The switch in this experiment is connected to which pin of the brain module?
a D6 b D8
c A0 d A2
2 What happens when the switch is turned on?
a The LED turns off
c The LED turns on
3 Which of the following statements about a switch is true?
a It only works when pressed and held.
b It automatically returns to off when released.
c It stays on or off until manually changed.
d It sends analog signals to the brain module.
B. Fill in the Blanks.
b The LED blinks continuously
d The LED changes colour
1 A switch is a device that controls the flow of in a circuit.
2 The LED module is connected to pin on the brain module.
3 When the switch is on, the turns on.
4 In this circuit, the switch acts as an device.
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 Aarav wants to design a small table lamp that he can turn on and off easily. Which components from this experiment should he use?
2 Natasha notices that her LED stays on even after turning the switch off. What should she do to fix this issue?
Experiment 7: Intruder Alarm 8
Objective
Let us design a simple intruder alarm system using an LDR sensor, LED, and buzzer. When the laser light falling on the LDR is blocked, the LED glows, and the buzzer makes a sound. Through this activity, students will learn how light sensors can help detect movement or entry in a restricted area.
Background
In robotics and modern security systems, sensors are widely used to detect motion or changes in the environment. Light sensors, such as LDRs (Light Dependent Resistors), help identify when light is present or blocked. These sensors are often used in automatic security alarms, where breaking a light beam triggers alerts like sirens or warning lights to signal unauthorised entry.
Things Around Us
Some of the real-life applications of the LDR sensor are:
Circuit
• Connect the Laser module to pin A2 on the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
• Connect the LDR module to A0 pin on the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
• Connect the LED module to D6 pin on the brain module using a 3 pin wire.
1. Intruder Detection Systems
2. Home Security Systems
• Connect the Buzzer module to D8 pin on the brain module using another 3 pin wire.
• Connect the Power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.
Let’s Code
1. Drag the Set LASER on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it to the workspace. Set its pin to ‘A2’ from the drop-down.
2. Drag the HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and attach it to the Set LASER on block.
3. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it below the Set LASER on block.
4. Click on the settings icon of the if block and drag and drop the else block in the pop-up box.
5. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.
6. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block. Select ‘>’ option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.
7. Drag the Read LDR on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block. This block is set to pin ‘A0’ by default.
8. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type ‘500’ in the text part of the block.
9. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Set the LED pin to ‘6’ from the drop-down.
10. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LED on block. Select LOW from the drop-down of the block.
11. Drag the Set BUZZER on block from the OUTPUT category and drop it below the Set LED on block. Set its pin to ‘8’.
12. Drag the HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and attach it to the Set BUZZER on block. Select LOW from the drop-down of the block.
13. Similarly, drag another Set LED on block with pin ‘6’ and place it in the else part of the if block. Configure this block to HIGH.
14. Drag Set BUZZER on block with pin ‘8’ and drop it below the Set LED on block. Configure this block to HIGH
15. The laser keeps the LDR active. When the light path is blocked, the brain module senses the change and turns on the LED and buzzer as an alarm.
Note:
• Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.
• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.
Scan QR code to view output
A. Tick () the Correct Option.
1 Which component is used to detect light in this experiment?
a LED b LDR Sensor
c Buzzer d Laser Module
2 What happens when the laser light falling on the LDR is blocked?
a The LED turns off
b The buzzer stops making sound
c The LED glows and the buzzer makes a sound
d Nothing happens
3 Which component acts as the alert device in the intruder alarm system?
a LED Sensor b Laser Module
c LED and Buzzer d Brain Module
B. Answer the Following.
1 Write any two real-life applications of an LDR sensor.
2 What role does the buzzer play in the intruder alarm circuit?
C. Apply Your Learning.
1 How can you modify this circuit to alert the user with a message on an OLED display instead of a buzzer sound?
2 Suggest one way this intruder alarm can be useful in daily life (for example, at home or in school).
About the Book
This book introduces learners to the captivating realm of robotics, with a learner-friendly, motivating, and hands-on approach. It combines theoretical understanding with practice, through insightful examples of real-world applications, while promoting creativity and coding skills. Emphasising a project-based learning methodology, the book provides a series of projects, each with detailed instructions. These instructions can be effortlessly executed using the accompanying robotics hardware kit. The assembly and programming of the robotics systems are done through block-based coding, and simulation environments; accelerating the experiential learning journey of the learners.
Special Features
• Hands-on Experiments: Engaging experiments that allow students to build and test-run robots themselves.
• Detailed Coding Practice: Step-by-step coding instructions to program robots, making it easy for beginners to learn.
• Things Around Us: Each experiment connects robotics to real-world scenarios, showing how technology solves everyday problems.
• Comprehensive Background: Clear explanations of the concepts and the technology behind each experiment, helping students understand the "why" and the "how."
• Interactive Exercises: Exercises at the end of each experiment to reinforce learning and to challenge students to think critically.
About Uolo
Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.
