Advanced Robotics_Grade_4_ebook by Uolo

Tekie.AI

ADVANCED ROBOTICS

Advanced Robotics Tekie.AI

Acknowledgements

Academic Authors: Neha Verma, Ayushi Jain

Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish

Book Production: Rakesh Kumar Singh, Tauheed Danish

Project Lead: Jatinder Kaur

VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar

All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

First edition 2026

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this book.

Book Title: Tekie.AI Advanced Robotics 4

ISBN: 978-93-89789-03-4

Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited

Corporate Office Address: 91Springboard, 3rd Floor

145, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana 122003

CIN: U74999DL2017PTC322986

Printed by: Printpro Solutions

Illustrations and images: www.shutterstock.com, www.stock.adobe.com and www.freepik.com

All suggested use of the internet should be under adult supervision.

Robotics

What is Robotics?

Robotics is the study and creation of robots. Robots are machines that can perform various tasks. They are built using parts like metal, wires, and circuits, and programmed with special instructions to tell them what to do.

Some robots look like humans, while others are designed to work in specific places, like factories, hospitals, or even outer space! For example, a robot might assemble cars in a factory or explore the surface of Mars where humans cannot go easily.

Robots can sense their surroundings using sensors. These sensors act like the robot’s eyes, ears, and hands, helping it understand distance, temperature, or touch. Once the robot knows its surroundings, it can make decisions based on its programming.

The field of robotics combines science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) to solve problems and create amazing inventions. It is an exciting way to bring creativity and technology together!

Components of Robots

Robots are made up of different parts that work together to help them move, sense, and do tasks. These parts are grouped into three main types: mechanical, electronic, and coding interface. Let us learn about them.

Mechanical Parts

Mechanical parts are like the bones and muscles of a robot. They include wheels, gears, motors, and arms. These parts help the robot move, pick up things, or spin. For example, wheels let a robot roll around, and motors make robots move by turning wheels, spinning gears, or lifting arms.

Electronic Parts

The electronic parts are like the robot’s brain and nerves. They include circuits, sensors, and batteries. These parts help the robot think and sense its surroundings. Sensors act like eyes, ears, or even a nose for the robot, allowing it to detect light, sound, or obstacles. The battery gives the robot the power it needs to work.

Coding Interface

Coding is how we talk to robots and tell them what to do. Coding means writing instructions for them to follow. The coding interface is the program or app used to give these instructions. Once coded, the robot can move in a specific direction, stop when it sees something, or even dance.

By combining these three parts—mechanical, electronic, and coding—robots come to life and do amazing things.

Robotics Advanced Kit

About Robotics Advanced Kit 1

The Robotics Advanced Kit (RAK) is a comprehensive tool for young innovators who are curious to explore the subject of robotics. It features the Robotics FULL 2.0 BLE Brain, which powers the kit’s projects. The kit also includes exciting projects, thereby encouraging creativity and problem-solving in students. With hands-on components and coding opportunities, RAK makes robotics fun-filled and accessible, inspiring students to think critically about robotics and innovate its programming. Let us explore its various components.

Electronics Parts

• Long Connecting Cable × 1

• USB Cable × 1

Construction Parts

Plastic Parts

1. FULL 2.0 Brain × 1 BLE

High Speed Motor × 2

High Torque Motor × 1

IR Sensor × 2

5. Touch Sensor × 1

Avishkaar Rechargeable Battery × 1

Adapter × 1

Manual Remote × 1

• Short Connecting Cable × 4

10. Male to Male DC Jack × 1

1. Big Wheels ×

Metal Parts

A comprehensive metal design system allows you to make from easy to complex mechanical bot designs.

The Motors

Let's understand how the motors work.

Robots move in different directions by the combination of the rotation from each wheel. For example: Robot Movement

Basics of Building

Let’s understand some basics of building:

Tightening Screws:

Tightening Axle Lock:

Tighten (Rotate Clockwise)

Tightening a Motor to a Plate:

Loosen (Rotate Anti-Clockwise)

About the Brain

Robotics FULL 2.0 BLE Brain

Let’s understand how the Full 2.0 Brain works.

Let’s understand how the Full 2.0 BLE Brain works.

the Ultrasonic Sensor to the brain.

This port powers the brain using the battery via Male to Male DC Jack.

Building a Remote Control Car

1 Insert the axle lock and the 3.5” axles into the high-speed motors, as shown.

2 After attaching the axles to both motors, screw them to the chassis using the 6mm bolts, as shown.

3 Repeat the previous step to attach the second high-speed motor to the other side of the chassis.

4 Add a filler to the axle, then add the wheel and lastly add another axle lock. Do this for both axles.

5 Screw a 7.5 inch rectangular plate using 12 mm bolts with the first two holes of both the right and left sides of the chassis

6 Attach two U-Beams, one on top of the other using 6mm bolts. Then, screw the Caster wheel to both U-Beams using 2 K-nuts and 6mm bolts, as shown below.

7 Attach the previous assembly to the chassis as shown, with 12 mm bolts.

8 Screw the Battery at the bottom of the chassis using 6mm bolts as shown.

Screw the Brain to the chassis using 6mm bolts. Connect the Brain to the Battery using Male to Male DC Jack wire.

About Coding Interface

Connect the left motor to the "M4" port and the right motor to the "M3" port of the Brain using the short connecting cables.

The coding interface serves as the central hub for your kit, acting as an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) that enables you to write code for all of your experiments. This code is then transferred to the hardware.

The coding interface consists of the following components:

1. Workspace Area: This is where you drag blocks for the code you want to write.

2. Blocks Panel: The blocks from the Blocks Panel help make your code.

3. Share Code: The Share Code option in the File drop-down menu generates a link for the project to share with others.

4. Control Buttons: The Control Buttons consist of Save, Compile, and Connect buttons.

• Save Button: The Save button helps save your code.

• Compile Button: The Compile button helps compile your code.

• Connect Button: The Connect button helps burn your code to the hardware.

5. Arena: This is where you can see the output.

6. Buttons: The buttons help move the bot front, back, left, or right. The buttons also help rotate the bot clockwise and anticlockwise in the virtual arena.

7. Play Button: The Play button runs the code.

8. Reset Button: The Reset button resets the arena.

Burning Your Code

Burning means loading your code into the hardware. This process, mainly, has the phases as shown:

Arrange the blocks to create the code Save the code

Compile the code Burn the code

In case of error, recheck the code.

1. Once you have completed your experiment, connect the bot to a PC/Laptop using a USB cable or Bluetooth.

2. Save and compile your code by clicking on the Save and Compile buttons, respectively.

3. Now, click on Connect.

4. Click on the USB Connect option or the BLE Connect (Bluetooth) option.

5. Click on the Connect Device button, and a small window will appear. Thereafter, select your connected device, and then click on Connect.

6. Now click on Burn to write your program into the bot.

7. You have successfully written your code into the hardware. Now you can experiment on the bot.

Experiment 1: Bot Movements Using Motor Control 2

Objective

Learn how to control a robot by making it move forward, backwards, left, and right using motors. This helps in understanding the basics of how robots work and is a great start to learning robotics!

Background

In this experiment, the concept of time delay is used to suspend the execution of a program for a particular time. Let us understand this by looking at the process of cooking a dish in the microwave.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program.

3. Move the Bot Backward

• Drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it inside the My Program block.

• Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down.

• Select the speed of the motor as High, Medium, or Slow from the Speed drop-down.

• Similarly, drag another Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous block.

• Select the Port3 (Advance) option from the drop-down menu.

• Configure the motor at Port3 as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down menu.

• Select the speed of your choice from the Speed drop-down menu.

• Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

• Type "2000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the backward movement of the motor for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.

• To move the bot backward for infinite time, use the Repeat while block from the Loops category with the Move Motor at blocks.

4. Move the Bot Forward

• Similarly, to turn the bot forward, configure the motor at Port4 as Anticlockwise and Port3 as Clockwise by making the respective selections from the drop-down menus.

• To move the bot forward for infinite time, use the Repeat while block from the Loops category with the Move Motor at blocks.

5. Move the Bot Right

• To turn the bot to the right, configure the motor at Port4 and Port3 as Anticlockwise and add a delay of 1100 ms by adding a Time block.

6. Move the Bot Left

• To turn the bot to the left, configure the motor at Port4 as Clockwise and Port3 as Clockwise too.

Note: Changing the time value will change how much the bot turns. The turning angle may change a little from one robotics kit to another because of how tightly the parts are fixed or the type of floor it moves on. It may also differ in simulators used on different computers.

7. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

8. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which block is used to start your program?

a My Program

c Begin Program

b Start Program

d Your Program

2 The execution of all the blocks in a code occur .

a timely

c in a loop

b step by step

d with delay

3 In which direction should the motors rotate to turn the robot to the left?

a Both motors clockwise

c Left motor clockwise, right motor anticlockwise

B. Answer the Following.

1 What is the use of the “Move Motor at” block?

b Both motors anticlockwise

d Left motor anticlockwise, right motor clockwise

2 What is the use of the “Repeat while” block?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Where can you see the applications of a moving robot in daily life?

2 What will happen in your project if you don’t use the “Repeat while” block?

3 Experiment 2: Drawing Patterns

Objective

Make your robot move to create different patterns or shapes to practice its movements.

Background

This experiment is based on the concept of time delay as discussed in the previous experiment.

Let’s Build

• Attach a pen to the RC bot as shown here, using zip-ties.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program.

3. Drag the set pen block from the Robot category and drop it inside the My Program block.

4. This block is set to ON by default. Select any colour of your choice from the colour box.

5. Drag and drop two Move Motor at blocks from the Motor category. Configure the first Move Motor at block at Port4 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down.

6. For the second Move Motor at block, select Port3 (Advance) from the drop-down menu. Configure this block as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down.

7. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block. Type "4000" in the value box of the block. This will allow the forward movement of the motor for 4000 milliseconds or 4 seconds.

8. Now, drag two Move Motor at blocks for Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop the two motors. This will instruct the bot to stop.

9. Now, drag and drop the Time block to stop the bot for "1000" milliseconds.

10. Now, configure both motors in Anticlockwise direction. Also, drag and drop the Time block to move the bot right for a specified time.

11. Post taking a right, stop the bot for 1000 milliseconds.

Note: When you turn the bot left or right, the time value may vary from system to system. Therefore, to make a 90 degree turn, you can configure the time value accordingly.

12. Similarly, drag and drop the blocks to move the bot forward, stop, turn right, and then stop again till you create a pattern or a square shape. The final code should look like this:

13. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

14. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which block is used to move the robot for a specified time?

a move robot in b stop robot for time

c Time d stop robot

2 How many times will your robot move and take turns to make a square?

a 4 b 5

c 6 d 7

3 What is the purpose of the “set pen” block?

a To draw shapes

c To stop the robot

B. Answer the Following.

1 What is the default value of the “set pen” block?

b To make the robot move

d To turn the robot

2 Which block is required to stop the motors?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Can you draw any other shape with the robot? If possible, write the code.

2 Recreate the program using the “Repeat while” block and test it on the RAK.

4 Experiment 3: Hand Follower/Repeller

Objective

Students will design a bot that has two infrared (IR) sensors to detect how close a hand is to the robot. When the first IR sensor detects a hand nearby, the bot will move backward to move away from it. If the second IR sensor detects a hand approaching it, the bot will move forward to follow it.

Let’s Build

• Attach two IR sensors in the front of the RAK RC Car using 6mm bolts.

• Connect the left IR sensor to the S4 port of the Brain and the right IR sensor to the S5 port of the Brain.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step.

3. Click on the Variables category.

4. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say “IR_left”, to store the data of the IR sensor value received from the left sensor.

• Click on the OK button.

5. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the My Program block.

6. Then, drag the number block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block.

7. Similarly, click on the Variables category and create another variable “IR_right”, to store the data of the IR sensor value received from the right sensor.

8. Drag and drop another set to block below the previous set to block. Then, drag the number block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block.

9. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it below the set to block to begin the infinite loop. The Repeat while block is set to true by default.

10. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block. From the drop-down of the set to block, select ‘IR_left’.

11. Drag another set to block and drop it below the previous set to block. The second set to block should have the value ‘IR_right’.

12. Drag the Read IR Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach this block to the set IR_left to block. Select the option ‘Port4(Advance)’ from the drop-down of the Read IR Sensor at block.

13. Similarly, drag another Read IR Sensor at block and attach this block to the set IR_right to block. From the drop-down of the second Read IR Sensor at block, select option ‘Port5 (Advance)’.

14. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

15. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

16. Drag the else if and else blocks and place them below the if block in the pop-up box (refer to the given image).

17. Again, click on the settings icon to hide the pop-up box.

18. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the right of the if block.

19. Select the ”>“ option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

20. Drag the IR_left block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block.

21. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type “800” for the text part of the number block. Now, if the value of the IR_left variable is greater than 800, i.e., the left IR sensor is pressed, then blocks under the if block will be executed, else the blocks under the else block will be executed.

22. Drag and drop Move Motor at block from the Motor category in the do part of the if block.

23. Select option “Port4 (Advance)” from the drop-down of this block.

24. Configure the motor at this port to Clockwise. The Speed of the motor is set to High by default.

25. Similarly, drag and drop another Move Motor at block and select “Port3 (Advance)” from the drop-down of the block. Configure the motor at this port to Anticlockwise. This will move the bot in the backward direction.

26. Now, drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block. The block is set to 1000 milliseconds (ms), by default. This will allow the backward movement of the motor for 1000 milliseconds or 1 second.

27. Now, drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the right of the else if block.

28. Select the ”>“ option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

29. Drag the IR_right block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block.

30. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type “800” for the text part of the number block. Now, if the value of the IR_right variable is greater than 800, i.e., the right IR sensor is pressed, then blocks under the else if block will be executed.

31. Similar to the steps above for Move Motor at blocks, drag two more Move Motor at blocks and drop them in the do part of the else if block. Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as Anticlockwise and the motor at Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise.

32. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the last Move Motor at block. The block is set to 1000 milliseconds, by default. This will move the bot forward for 1000 milliseconds or 1 second.

33. Now, drag and drop two Move Motor at blocks in the else block. Configure the motors at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop.

34. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

35. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Scan QR code to view output

Exercise

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 As per the experiment performed, which of the following sensors is used to detect how close a hand is to the bot?

a IR Sensor b Ultrasonic Sensor

c Touch Sensor d None of these

2 To what value are the sensor variables (left and right sensors) initialised?

a 0 b 1

c 2 d –1

B. Answer the Following.

1 How does the bot use its two infrared (IR) sensors to interact with a nearby hand, and what actions does it take in response to each sensor?

2 What will happen if both the left and the right IR sensors do not detect a hand nearby?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Provide a real-life example of a bot that utilises proximity detection to either follow or repel objects.

2 In what ways can bots that follow or repel, based on proximity detection, enhance safety in public environments?

5 Experiment 4: Car Parking Assistant

Objective

To design a bot equipped with an ultrasonic sensor that assists in parking by detecting nearby objects and alerting when it gets too close, simulating real-world parking aid systems used in vehicles.

Let’s Build

• Attach the ultrasonic sensor in the front of the RAK RC Car’s chassis using 6mm bolts.

• Connect the sensor to S4 port of the Brain.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step.

3. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block. The Repeat while block is set to true, by default.

4. Click on the Variables category.

5. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a New variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let’s say ‘ultrasonic’ to store the data of the ultrasonic sensor value received from the sensor.

• Click on the OK button.

6. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.

7. Drag the Read Ultrasonic Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach it to the set to block. Configure the Read Ultrasonic Sensor at block to Port4 (Advance).

8. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

9. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

10. Drag three else if blocks and an else block and drop them below the if block in the popup box. (refer to the given image).

11. Again, click on the settings icon to hide the pop-up box.

12. Drag the and block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.

13. Now, drag two equal operator blocks from the Control category. Drop one block to the left of the and block and drop the second block to its right.

14. Select the ‘>’ operator from the drop-down menu of the left equal operator block and select the ‘<’ operator from the drop-down menu of the right equal operator block.

15. Drag the ultrasonic block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block.

16. Click on the Math category and drag and drop the number block in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type "30" in the number block.

17. Similarly, drag the ultrasonic block and drop it in the left part of the less than operator block.

18. Drag the number block to the right part of the less than operator block. Type ‘‘40’’ in place of ‘‘0’’.

19. Drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it in the do part of the if block.

20. Drag the empty Text Box block from the Text category and drop it inside the Print Data block. Type “Object Detected” in the Text Box block.

21. Drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it below the Print Data block. Select the option “Port 4 (Advance)” from the drop-down of this block.

22. Select option Anticlockwise from the drop-down of this block. The motor of this port is set to High speed, by default.

23. Similarly, drag and drop another Move Motor at block. Select option “Port 3 (Advance)” from the drop-down of this block and configure the motor of this port to Clockwise. This will move the bot in the forward direction.

24. Similar to the condition defined for the if block, define the condition for the else if block. Attach the and block with the else if block. Drag and drop the equal operator block to the left and right of the and block. Select the ‘>’ option in the drop-down menu of the equal operator block to the left of the and block and the ‘<’ option in the drop-down menu of the equal operator block to its right.

25. Now, drag and drop the ultrasonic block to the left of both the greater than and less than blocks.

26. Also, drag and drop the number blocks to the right of both the greater than and less than blocks.

27. Type “20” and “30” in the left and right number blocks, respectively.

28. Drag and drop the Print Data block in the do part of the else if block. Drag the empty Text Box block from the Text category and drop it inside the Print Data block. Type “Object getting closer” in the Text Box block.

29. Drag two Move Motor at blocks and drop them below the Print Data block. Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as Anticlockwise and the motor at Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise to move the bot in the forward direction. Set the Speed for both motors as Medium.

30. Now, similar to the conditions for the if and first else if blocks, set the condition for the second else if block. Type “Object very close” in the Print Data block. If the value of the ultrasonic variable is greater than ‘10’ and less than ‘20’, then move the bot in the forward direction by configuring the motor at Port4 (Advance) as Anticlockwise and Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise. Set the Speed of both the motors to Slow.

31. Similarly, set the condition for the third else if block. Type “Bot stopped” in the Print Data block. If the value of the ultrasonic variable is greater than “0” and less than “10”, then stop the bot by configuring the motors at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop.

32. If no object is detected, then the bot will keep on moving forward.

33. Name your program, save it, and then compile it.

34. Now, the program is ready to burn on the ABot.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which of the following blocks is used to display a message?

a Move Motor at

c Print Data

b Display Data

d Repeat while

2 The if block executes some statements in its do part if the condition is .

a True

c Null

b False

d None of these

3 Which of the following sensors is used to conduct the experiment?

a IR Sensor

c Ultrasonic Sensor

B. Fill in the blanks.

b Touch Sensor

d Temperature Sensor

1 The “Print Data” block belongs to the category.

2 We the program before burning the program on the RAK.

3 If the ultrasonic sensor’s value varies between 30 to 40, then the motor .

4 The set to block belongs to the category.

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 How does the reverse parking assistant bot help a driver avoid obstacles while reversing?

2 Name any two devices a self-driving car might use to sense its surroundings while reversing.

6 Experiment 5: Object Avoider

Objective

To create an object detection bot and teach it how to move around by itself. This will help the bot avoid obstacles and choose path on its own in real time.

Things Around Us

The concept of object avoider is mostly used in the automatic vacuum cleaners.

Let’s Build

• Attach the IR sensor to the front on holes 1 and 2 in row 4 of the chassis of the RC car.

• Connect the IR sensor to Port S5 of the Brain.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program.

3. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. This block is set to true by default.

4. Click on the Variables category.

5. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a New variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let’s say "IR_Sensor" to store the data of the IR sensor value received from the sensor.

• Click on the OK button.

6. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.

7. Then drag the Read IR Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach this block with the set to block.

8. Select the "Port5 (Advance) " option from the drop-down menu of the Read IR Sensor at block.

9. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

10. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

11. Drag the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box.

12. Click on the settings icon again to close the pop-up box.

13. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the right of the if block.

14. Select the '>' option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

15. Drag the IR_Sensor block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block.

16. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type "400" for the text part of the number block.

17. If the value of the IR_Sensor variable is greater than 400, i.e., the IR Sensor senses the object, then blocks under the if block will be executed, else the blocks under the else block will be executed.

18. Drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it inside the do condition block.

19. Drag a Text Box block from the Text category and drop it inside the blank area of the Print Data block. Type “Object Detected” in the Text Box block.

20. Now, drag two Move Motor at blocks from the Motor category for Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop the two motors. This will instruct the bot to stop.

21. Drag and drop the Time block from the Control category. This will instruct the bot to stop for 1000 milliseconds or 1 second when the IR sensor detects an object.

22. Drag and drop two Move Motor at blocks below the Time block.

23. Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down. Select the speed of the motor as High.

24. Similarly, select the "Port3 (Advance)" option from the drop-down of the second Move Motor at block.

25. Configure the motor at Port3 (Advance) as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down. Select the speed of the motor as High. This will move both the motors backwards.

26. Also, drag and drop the Time block below the Move Motor at block.

27. Then, instruct the bot to Stop again for "1000" ms.

28. Similarly, instruct the bot to move left for "1100" ms by configuring the motor at Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise. You can turn the bot in any direction as you wish.

29. Thereafter, Stop the bot for "1000" ms.

30. In the else condition, instruct the bot to move forward as long as the IR sensor does not detect any object.

31. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

32. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which block is used to set the initial value of a variable?

a Read variable b set to

c create variable

d Repeat while

2 The blocks related to the sensor blocks are found in which category?

a Robot

c Variable

b Control

d Sensor

3 Which icon should be clicked to add the “else” block with the “if” block?

a settings

c control

B. Answer the Following.

1 What is the use of the “greater than” block?

b equal

d sensor

2 What is the purpose of the “Print Data” block?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 How can you display a message in your program?

2 Discuss any one application of the object avoider in real-life.

Experiment 6: Dancer Car 7

Objective

Utilising touch sensors, students will program their bots to exhibit distinct dance moves triggered by sequential touch inputs, providing a playful introduction to programming logic and interactive robot behaviours.

Let’s Build

1 Attach the Axle Lock and the 3.5” Axles to the high-speed Motors, as shown.

3 Repeat the previous step to attach the second high-speed Motor to the other side of the Chassis.

2 After attaching the Axles to both Motors, screw them to the Chassis using the 6mm Bolts, as shown.

4 Add a Filler to the Axle, then add the Wheel and lastly add another Axle Lock. Do this for both the Axles.

5 Connect a 7.5” Rectangular plate to the Chassis using K-Nuts and 12 mm Bolts as shown.

6 Connect a 2.5” L-Channel to the 7.5” Rectangular plate using K-Nuts and 12 mm Bolts as shown.

7 Connect a 2.5” U-Beam to the 2.5” L-Channel using Nuts and Bolts.

8 Screw the Caster wheel to the 2.5” U-Beam using Nuts and Bolts.

Connect the battery to the Chassis using Nuts and Bolts.

10 Connect the Touch Sensor to the Chassis using a 6mm Bolt.

11 Connect the FULL 2.0 brain to the Chassis using Nuts and Bolts.

12 Connect the Touch sensor to Port S5 of the Brain. Finally, the assembly looks like the one shown.

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step, in sequence.

3. Click on the Variables category.

4. Click on the Create Variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to create a New variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let’s say 'count' to store the number of times the touch sensor was pressed.

• Click on the OK button.

5. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the My Program block.

6. Then drag the number block from the Math category and attach this block with the set to block.

7. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it below the set to block to begin the infinite loop. The Repeat while block is set to true by default.

8. Now, similarly, create another variable named "touch_sensor" to store the data of the touch sensor value received from the sensor.

9. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.

10. Select the "touch_sensor" variable name from the drop-down menu.

11. Then, drag the Read Touch Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach it with the set to block. Configure the Read Touch Sensor at block to Port5 (Advance).

12. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

13. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the right of the if block.

14. Select the greater than and equal to option from the drop-down menu of the equal operator block.

15. Drag the touch_sensor block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than and equal to operator block.

16. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the greater than and equal to operator block. Type "500" for the text part of the number block. Now, if the value of the touch_sensor variable is greater than or equal to 500, i.e., the touch sensor is pressed, then blocks under the if block will be executed.

17. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select the count variable from the drop-down menu of the set to block.

18. Drag the add operator block from the Math category and attach it with the set to block.

19. Now, drag the count variable block and drop it inside the left part of the add operator block. This adds a sum of "1" to the variable count every time the touch sensor is pressed.

20. Now, drag the if block and drop it below the set to block. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block twice in the pop-up box.

21. Now, define the condition for the first if block using the equal operator block from the Control category. If the value of the count variable equals "1", then blocks under the if block will be executed.

22. Drag and drop two Move Motor at blocks in the do condition block.

23. Configure the first motor at Port3 (Advance) as clockwise by selecting the Clockwise option from the drop-down menu. Select the speed of the motor as Medium.

24. Similarly, select Port4 (Advance) from the drop-down of the second Move Motor at block. Configure the motor as anticlockwise by selecting the Anticlockwise option from the drop-down. Select the speed of the motor as Medium.

25. Drag and drop the Print Data block in the do part of the if block. Drag the empty Text Box block from the Text category and drop it inside the Print Data block. Type “Dance 1” in the Text Box block. This will set the first dance move of the robot in the forward direction.

26. Repeat the above five steps and set the value for the number block as "2" instead of "1" for the else if condition.

27. Change the motor movement to Anticlockwise for the first motor and Clockwise for the second motor. This will move the bot backward. Select the speed of the motor as High. Also, type “Dance 2” in the Print Data block.

28. Use the equal operator block for the second else if condition to set the value of the count variable block to "3".

29. Then, set both motors to Stop.

30. Drag and drop the set to block below the last Move Motor at block. Also, set the value of the count variable to "0" to reset its value.

31. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the second if block. Type “1000” in the value box of the Time block.

32. Drag another if block and drop it below the first if block to initiate the value of the count variable to ‘0’.

33. Drag and drop the Print Data block in the do part of the if block. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it inside the Print Data block. Type “Off” in the Text Box block.

34. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

35. Now the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which block creates a loop for continuous execution?

a Repeat while

c Set to

b If

d Add operator

2 What variable stores the number of times the touch sensor is pressed?

a count

c Repeat

B. Answer the Following.

b Touch_Sensor

d Add

1 Describe the steps required to attach the motors and wheels to the chassis.

2 Explain how the "if" and "else if" conditions are used to create different dance moves for the robot.

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 How would you modify the program to make the robot perform a fourth dance move?

2 If you want your robot to stop after the touch sensor is pressed for the second time, how would you update the program to achieve this?

Experiment 7: Soccer Bot 8

Objective

Create a gaming robot to play a soccer game and navigate the robot using the touch sensor. The bot kicks the ball in front and scores a goal.

Let’s Build

After creating the RC car, follow the given steps to create your Soccer Bot robot:

1 Connect the High Torque Motor to the 7.5” Rectangle in the RC car using a 3.5” Axle, Axle Lock and 6mm Bolts.

2 Connect the 7.5” U-Beam to the 3-Hole Connector using Nuts and Bolts.

3 Connect the 2.5” Square Plate to the assembly from the previous step using Nuts and Bolts.

4 Connect the 7.5” U-Beam in the assembly from the previous step to the Axle in the assembly from step 1 using a Filler and Axle Lock.

5 Connect the Touch Sensor to the Chassis using Bolts. Finally, we get an assembly for the Soccer Bot with one arm as follows:

Connect High Torque Motor to port M2 of the Brain and the Touch Sensor to port S5 of the Brain.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step, in sequence.

3. Click on the Variables category.

4. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to create a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let’s say ‘count’ to store the number of times the touch sensor was pressed.

• Click on the OK button.

5. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the My Program block.

6. Then drag the number block from the Math category and attach the block to the set to block.

7. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it below the set to block to begin the infinite loop. The Repeat while block is set to true by default.

8. Now, similarly, create another variable named “touch_sensor” to store the data of the touch sensor value received from the sensor.

9. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.

10. Then, drag the Read Touch Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach it to the set to block. Select the “Port5 (Advance)” option from the drop-down of the block.

11. Drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

12. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.

13. Select the ‘>’ option from the drop-down menu of the equal operator block.

14. Drag the touch_sensor block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than operator block.

15. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the greater than operator block. Type “400” for the text part of the number block. Now, if the value of the touch_sensor variable is greater than 400, i.e., the touch sensor is pressed, then blocks under the if block will be executed.

16. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select the count variable from the drop-down menu of the set to block.

17. Drag the add operator block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block.

18. Now, drag the count variable block and drop it in the left part of the add operator block. This adds a sum of “1” to the variable count every time the touch sensor is pressed.

19. Drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the set to block. Drop the count variable block in the empty part of the Print Data block.

20. Now, drag the if block and drop it below the Print Data block. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block twice in the pop-up box.

21. Now, define the condition for the if block using the equal operator block from the Control category. If the value of the count variable equals “1”, then blocks under the if block will be executed.

22. Drag and drop the Print Data block in the do part of the if block. Drag and drop the count variable block in the empty part of the Print Data block.

23. Now, drag two Move Motor at blocks from the Motor category and drop them below the Print Data block.

24. Configure the motor at Port4 (Advance) as Anticlockwise and the motor at Port3 (Advance) as Clockwise. This will move the bot forward. Also, configure the speeds of both motors as “Medium” by selecting this option from the drop-down.

25. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the Move Motor at block. Type “2000” in the value box of the Time block to move the bot forward for 2000 milliseconds or 2 seconds.

26. Similarly, drag two Move Motor at blocks and drop them below the previous Time block. Configure both the motors to Stop.

27. Drag another Time block and drop it below the previous Move Motor at block. The block is set to “1000” milliseconds (ms) by default.

28. Similarly, set the condition in the first else if block to check if the count variable equals “2”. Here, in the Print Data block, you must drag and drop the Text Box block from the Text category and type “Kicking ball”. The bot’s arm moves once in the clockwise direction, then in the anticlockwise direction, and finally stops.

29. Similarly, set the condition in the second else if block to check if the count variable equals “3”. Refer to the image below. Note that when the count variable equals ‘3’, the bot moves backwards, stops, and then the count variable is reset to ‘0’.

30. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

31. Now the program is ready to burn on the RAK.

Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through a Bluetooth or USB cable for the experiment to run.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which of the following blocks/buttons sets the ‘touch sensor’ variable to be equal to the input? a b

c d None of these

2 Which of the following is not an option in the drop-down menu of the ‘Move Motor at’ block?

a Clockwise

b Anticlockwise

c Stop d Time

B. Answer the Following.

1 What role does the touch sensor play in the experiment?

2 Under what conditions will the bot stop according to the experiment?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Name one industry that could benefit from the real-life applications of a soccer bot’s capabilities.

2 If the soccer bot is moving toward the ball but misses hitting it, what changes could you make to the robot’s movements to help it connect with the ball more accurately?

Experiment 8: Table Fan 9

Objective

To make a robot that can rotate as a table fan using a touch sensor as a switch.

Things Around Us

A table fan is a small, portable fan designed to provide a steady air flow and cool air circulation on a table top.

Let’s Build

1 Connect the Touch Sensor to the 7.5” Rectangle in the RC Car assembly using 6 mm Bolts.

2 Connect the 7.5” L-Beam to the 7.5” Rectangle using 12 mm Bolts and K-Nuts.

3 Connect the High Torque Motor to the 7.5” L-Beam using a 3.5” Axle and Axle Lock as shown.

4 Connect the Big Spur Gear to the Axle in the assembly using a Filler and an Axle Lock.

5 Connect a Medium Spur Gear and Small Spur Gear to the 7.5” L-Beam using 8” Axle, Axle Locks, and a Filler as shown.

6 Connect another Small Spur Gear to the 8” Axle from the other side using Axle Locks and a Filler.

7 Connect the 12.5” Flexi to the Axle using a 3-Hole Connector, Nuts, and Bolts as shown.

8 Connect another 12.5” Flexi to the Flexi connected in the previous assembly, using 3-Hole Connector, Nuts, and Bolts as shown.

9 Finally, we get an assembly for a Table Fan as given below:

10 Connect the High Torque Motor to port M2 of the Brain and the Touch Sensor to port S5 of the Brain.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category from the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to the workspace to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks inside this occurs step by step.

3. Click on the Variables category.

4. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say “count”.

• Click on the OK button.

5. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the My Program block.

6. Drag the number block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block. The number block is set to “0” by default.

7. Drag the Repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it below the set to block to begin the infinite loop. By default, the loop value is set to true.

8. Click on the Variables category.

9. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say “Touch_Sensor”.

• Click on the OK button.

10. Now, drag and drop the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the Repeat while block.

11. Drag the Read Touch Sensor at block from the Sensor category and attach it to the set to block. Select the option “Port5 (Advance)” from the drop-down of the Read Touch Sensor at block.

12. Drag the if block from the Control category and place it below the set to block.

13. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

14. Drag the else block and place it below the if block in the pop-up box (refer to the image below).

15. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

16. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the right of the if block.

17. Select the ‘>=’ option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

18. Drag the Touch_Sensor block from the Variables category and drop it in the left part of the greater than equal to operator block.

19. Now, drag the number block from the Math category and drop it in the right part of the greater than equal to operator block. Type “400” for the text part of the number block. Now, if the value of the Touch_Sensor variable is greater than 400, then blocks under the if block will be executed, else the blocks under the else block will be executed.

20. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Select the “count” option from the drop-down of the set to block.

21. Drag the add operator block from the Math category and attach it to the set to block.

22. Now, drag the count variable block and drop it in the left part of the add operator block. This adds 1 to the variable count every time the touch sensor is pressed.

23. Drag another if block and place it below the set to block.

24. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

25. Drag the else if block and place it below the if block in the pop-up box (refer to the image below).

26. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

27. Drag the equal operator block and attach it to the if block.

28. Drag and drop the count variable block in the left part of the equal operator block.

29. Drag and drop the number block in the right part of the equal operator block. Type “1” in the text part of the number block.

30. Drag the Move Motor at block from the Motor category and drop it in the do part of the if block.

31. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) as Clockwise. The block is set to High speed, by default.

32. Drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the Move Motor at block. The Print Data block is set to Row1 by default.

33. From the Text category, drag the Text Box block and drop it in the empty space of the Print Data block.

34. In the Text Box block, type the text “Fan ON”. So, when the count variable equals 1, the bot’s flexis rotate clockwise, and the programmable display on the brain shows “Fan ON”.

35. Similarly, drag the equal operator block and attach it to the else if block.

36. In the left part of the equal operator block, drag and drop the count variable block and to its right, drag and drop the number block. Type “2” in the text part of the number block.

37. Drag and drop the Move Motor at block in the do part of the else if block. Configure the motor at Port2 (Advance) to Stop.

38. Now, drag the Print Data block and drop it below the Move Motor at block.

39. Drag the Text Box block and drop it in the empty space of the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type the text “Fan OFF”. So, when the count variable equals 2, the bot’s flexis stop rotating, and the programmable display on the brain shows “Fan OFF”.

40. Drag the set to block and drop it below the Print Data block. Select the “count” option from the drop-down of the set to block.

41. Drag the number block and attach it to the set to block. The number block is set to “0” by default.

42. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the if block. This block is set to ‘1000’ milliseconds (ms) by default.

43. Now, drag the Print Data block and attach it to the else block.

44. Drag the Text Box block and drop it in the empty space of the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type the text “OFF”. As long as the Touch Sensor remains unpressed, the programmable display on the brain shows the message “OFF”.

45. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

46. Now, the program is ready to burn on the RAK. Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 Which of the following blocks display a letter, word, or line of text on the LED?

d None of these

2 Which of the following blocks senses touch input?

3 The button belongs to the category of blocks. a Sensor b Display c Variables d Control

B. Fill in the Blanks.

1 The block is available in the category of the blocks panel.

2 The block is used to begin your program.

3 The table fan experiment of the RAK makes use of the sensor.

4 The “repeat while” block returns values either or .

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 In what way can a table fan robot help in demonstrating the working of a windmill?

2 What type of energy conversion takes place in the table fan robot during operation?

Experiment 9: Bot Movement AI 10

Objective

To learn the essentials of physical bot control by mastering basic movements (forward, backwards, left, and right) using motors and AI, cultivating a foundation in practical robotics concepts.

Background

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence, or AI, is the field of computer science that deals with the study of the principles, concepts, and technology for building machines that enable them to think, act, and learn like humans. Machines possessing AI should be able to mimic human traits, i.e., making decisions, recognising patterns, predicting outcomes based on certain actions, learning, and improving on their own.

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

NLP is a domain of AI that enables computers to understand human language and generate appropriate responses when we interact with them. It allows computers to talk to us in a way that feels natural to us. Popular examples of NLP applications include Google Assistant, Siri, Alexa, Google Translate, etc.

Computer Vision (CV)

Computer Vision is a domain of AI which uses cameras to see and understand visual information.

Things Around Us

Some of the real-life examples of NLP are:

1. Virtual Assistants

2. Language Translation Apps

Some of the real-life examples of computer vision are:

1. Face Recognition in Smartphones 2. Self-driving Cars

Adding AI Plugins

Follow the given steps to add camera and speech plugins for AI experiments:

1. Click on the Project tab and choose the Plugins option.

2. Now click AI/ML option.

3. Select Camera Capture Mode or Speech Recognition Mode as per requirement.

4. A pop-up box with name ‘AI/ML – Camera Capture Mode Plug-in’ or ‘Plugins - AI/ML –Speech Recognition Mode’ appears based on your choice.

5. Click on Add Plug-in tab and then click on Plug-in Added tab.

6. A new category of blocks named AI will be added to the Blocks panel on the left and a new AI window will be added to the right panel.

Bot Movement AI: Using Speech Recognition

In this experiment, the use of NLP in the RAK bot includes:

• Recognising spoken commands such as “forward”, “backward”, “left”, and “right”.

• Converting spoken commands into actions that the RAK can execute.

• Detecting unclear user input and prompting the user to repeat commands

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step.

3. Drag the repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block to begin the infinite loop. The loop value is set to true by default.

4. Click on the Variables category.

5. Click on the Create variable button. A pop-up box appears asking you to enter a new variable name.

• Enter a suitable variable name, let us say “Speech”.

• Click on the OK button.

6. Drag the set to block from the Variables category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

7. Drag the get recognised speech block from the Speech Recognition category and attach it to the set to block.

8. Now, drag the if block from the Control category and drop it below the set to block.

9. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

10. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block three times in the pop-up box (refer to the image below).

11. Click on the settings icon again to hide it.

12. Now, drag the includes block from the Text category and attach it to the if block.

13. Drag the Speech block from the Variables category and drop it in the left text box of the includes block.

14. Type “forward” in the right text box of the includes block.

15. Now, drag the Move Motor at block from Motor category and drop it in the do part of the if block.

16. Select Move Motor at value as “Port4 (Advance)”, direction as “Anticlockwise”, and Speed as “Medium” from the drop-down.

17. Drag another Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous Move Motor at block.

18. Select Move Motor at value as “Port3 (Advance)”, direction as “Clockwise”, and Speed as “Medium” from the drop-down.

19. Now, drag Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

20. Drag the Text Box block from Text category and drop it in the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type the text “Forward”.

21. Drag the Time block from the Control category and drop it below the Print Data block. This block is set to ‘1000’ milliseconds (ms) by default.

22. Drag two Move Motor at blocks and drop them below the Time block. Configure both the motors Port4 (Advance) and Port3 (Advance) to Stop.

23. Similarly, drag another includes block and attach it to the first else if block.

24. Drag the Speech block and drop it in the left text box of the includes block.

25. Type “backward” in the right text box of the includes block.

26. Now, drag Move Motor at block and drop it inside the do part of the first else if block.

27. Select Move Motor at value as “Port4 (Advance)”, direction as “Clockwise”, and Speed as “Medium” from the drop-down.

28. Again, drag Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous Move Motor at block.

29. Select Move Motor at value as “Port3 (Advance)”, direction as “Anticlockwise”, and Speed as “Medium” from the drop-down.

30. Now, drag the Print Data block and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

31. Drag the Text Box block and drop it inside the Print Data block. In the Text Box block, type “Backward”.

32. Drag and drop the Time block below the Print Data block.

33. Drag two Move Motor at blocks and drop them below the Time block. Configure the motors at Port3 (Advance) and Port4 (Advance) to Stop.

34. Similarly, add the conditions for the right and the left movement of the robot. Adjust the direction and the speed of the motors accordingly.

35. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

36. Now the program is ready.

Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through a Bluetooth or USB cable for the experiment to run.

37. Click on the Run button on the AI window.

38. Allow the system to use your microphone to hear your commands.

39. Click on the microphone button present on the AI window.

40. Give any command (forward, left, backward, or right). Here, the AI detects the voice as “forward”.

41. Again, click on the microphone button and observe the output.

Bot Movement AI: Using Camera Capture Mode

In this experiment, computer vision is used to recognise hand gestures through the camera.

• The AI model is trained to detect specific hand poses, such as palm, fist, thumbs up, and peace.

• Once trained, the model can identify these gestures in real-time.

• Each gesture then triggers specific actions within the game, such as moving forward, backwards, left, or right.

This allows players to control the bot with their hand movements.

Instructions

Before we start writing the code, let us train our AI Model. Follow the given steps:

1. Allow the system to use your camera.

2. Click on the Configure AI Model button in the AI Window on the right of your screen.

3. Choose your model by selecting Handpose from the Create Your Model pop-up window.

4. Add a name for your model and save it. You can also skip it.

5. Now, add the label name as ‘Palm’ and click on the Save button.

6. Click on the Start Recording button and show your palm up to 60 Frames on the camera.

7. Now, click on the Plus sign on the top left corner and add a name for Label 2. Here, the name of the Label 2 is “Fist”. Then, click on the Save button.

8. Similarly, show your fist on the camera and record different fist postures by showing your fist on the camera.

9. Similarly, add other labels such as ThumbsUp and Peace.

10. Now, click on the Train Model button to train the AI about the recorded poses. It will take a few minutes.

11. Add an appropriate model name and save it.

12. Test your model to check whether the AI is able to recognise the palm, fist, thumbs up and peace hand poses correctly.

13. Now, click on the Download button.

14. You are now ready to write your code.

Let’s Code

1. Click on the Control category in the Blocks panel.

2. Drag the My Program block to begin your program. The execution of all the blocks present inside this occurs step by step.

3. Drag the repeat while block from the Loops category and drop it inside the My Program block. The block is set to true by default.

4. Now drag the if block from the Control category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

5. Click on the settings icon of the if block. A pop-up box appears.

6. Drag the else if block and drop it below the if block four times in the pop-up box (refer to the image below).

7. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

8. Drag the equal operator block from the Control category and attach it to the if block.

9. Now, drag the get detected AI label block from the AI category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.

10. Drag the Palm block from the AI category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block.

11. Now, drag Move Motor at block from Motor category and drop it inside the do part of the if block.

12. Select the Move Motor at value as “Port4 (Advance)”, direction as “Anticlockwise”, and Speed as “Medium” from the drop-down.

13. Again, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous Move Motor at block.

14. Select the Move Motor at value as “Port3 (Advance)”, direction as “Clockwise”, and Speed as “Medium” from the drop-down.

15. Now, drag the Print Data block from the Display category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

16. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the empty part of the Print Data block. Type “Forward” in the Text Box block.

17. Similarly, drag another equal operator block and attach it to the first else if block.

18. Now, drag the get detected AI label block and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.

19. In the right part of the equal operator block, drag and drop the Palm block from the AI category. Select the Fist option from the drop-down of the Palm block.

20. Now, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it inside the do part of the first else if block.

21. Select the Move Motor at value as “Port4 (Advance)”, direction as “Clockwise”, and Speed as “Medium” from the drop-down.

22. Again, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous Move Motor at block.

23. Select the Move Motor at value as “Port3 (Advance)”, direction as “Anticlockwise”, and Speed as “Medium”.

24. Now, drag the Print Data block from Display category and drop it below the second Move Motor at block.

25. Drag the Text Box block from the Text category and drop it in the blank part of the Print Data block. Type “Backward” in the Text Box block.

26. Similarly, add the conditions for the ThumbsUp and the Peace gestures. Adjust the directions and speed of the motors accordingly.

27. Again, drag the equal operator block and attach it to the fourth else if block.

28. Now, drag the get detected AI label block and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block.

29. In the right part of the equal operator block, drag and drop the Palm block. Select the None option from the drop-down of the Palm block.

30. Now, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it in do part of the fourth else if block.

31. Select the Move Motor at value as “Port4 (Advance)” and direction as “Stop” from the drop-down.

32. Again, drag the Move Motor at block and drop it below the previous Move Motor at block.

33. Select the Move Motor at value as “Port3 (Advance)” and direction as “Stop” from the drop-down.

34. Give a name to your program, save it, and then compile it.

35. Now the program is ready.

Note: The RAK should be connected to your computer through a Bluetooth or USB cable for the experiment to run.

36. Click on the Run button on the AI window.

37. Show any hand pose (Palm, Fist, ThumbsUp, or Peace) on the camera.

38. Observe the output.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What gesture will make the bot move forward?

a Fist b Palm

c Peace

d ThumbsUp

2 What action occurs when the AI detects the “Peace” gesture?

a The bot stops moving

c The bot turns left

b The bot moves forward

d The bot turns right

3 Which AI domain is used to convert spoken commands into actions on the RAK?

a Machine Learning

c Computer Vision

B. Answer the Following.

b Natural Language Processing

d Data Science

1 Why is training the AI model with hand gestures important before running the program?

2 What is the purpose of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in this experiment?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 If you want the bot to stop moving when there is no command, how could you modify the code?

2 List two real-life examples where computer vision technology is commonly used.

Tinker Orbits

Exploring the Hardware Kit 1

About Tinker Orbits

The Tinker Orbits Kit is an innovative, hands-on STEM learning platform designed to ignite curiosity and creativity in young learners. Developed by STEMROBO, these kits provide a playful and practical introduction to electronics, circuits, sensor integration, and the Internet of Things (IoT) through engaging, student-friendly DIY projects.

Electronics Parts

Logging with AI Connect

Follow the given steps to login on AI Connect:

1. Click on the Go to Practice button to start the practice. You will be directed to the AI Connect web page as shown.

2. Click on Tinker Orbits Coding box or click on the Create button in the box to create a new project.

3. A Create Project pop-up box appears. Type the name of the project, here, we have typed ‘Tinker Orbit’ and then click on the CREATE tab.

4. Click on the “Yes, Show Me!” button to take a quick demo of the workspace. Otherwise, click on “No, I’m Good” to proceed further.

5. You will be directed to the workspace.

Installation Steps

a. Click on the Installation tab and then click on the Download EXE tab and download the .exe file provided.

b. Locate and run the setup package (probably in your Downloads folder) and follow the instructions of the setup wizard. Do not change the default installation path.

c. Click Finish to complete the installation.

Note: Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

6. You can now start building your code.

About Coding Interface

The coding interface consists of the following components:

1. Workspace Area: This is the area where you drag blocks for the code you want to write.

2. Blocks Panel: The blocks from the Blocks Panel help make your code.

3. Upload Button: The Upload button transfers the code to the brain module.

4. Menu Bar: In the menu bar on the top, you can see options like:

• File: The File menu allows you to open, save, or download your coding projects. You can also export your blocks or code or describe activity (in the About option under this menu).

• Setting: Adjust configuration (ports, devices, etc.).

• Reset: Clears the workspace to start fresh.

• Examples: Opens ready-made sample Tinker Orbits coding activities.

• Installation: Helps install Tinker Orbits Agent.

Burning Your Code

Burning means loading your code into the hardware. Once you have arranged the blocks to create the code, follow the given steps to burn your code.

1. Connect the brain module to the computer/laptop through the USB cable.

2. Click on the Setting option from the menu bar, then select Refresh.

3. Choose the visible COM port from the list and click Okay.

4. Click on the Upload button on the top of the workspace.

5. After a while, “Sketch uploaded successfully ” prompt will be displayed indicating that the code has been successfully uploaded to the brain.

Experiment 1: Clap and Glow 2

Objective

Let’s learn how a mic sensor works and how to connect and code an LED with the brain module, exploring how sensors help machines respond to sound — a key concept used in AI and automation systems.

Background

This experiment uses the concept of a smart home, where devices can respond to sounds or voice commands automatically. Here, you will explore how a mic sensor detects a clap and turns on an LED, similar to how sound-controlled lights work in automated homes. It demonstrates how AI and automation enable devices to sense, react, and make everyday life smarter and more convenient.

Things Around Us

Some of the real-life examples of sound-activated systems are:

Circuit

1. Connect a mic sensor module to A0 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin cable.

2. Connect a LED module to D8 pin of the brain module using another 3 pin cable.

3. Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Smart Home

1. Voice-controlled smart bulbs

2. Smart home assistants

Let’s Code

1. Drag the repeat while block from the LOOPS category and drop it to the workspace.

2. Drag the true block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the repeat while block.

3. Drag the if block from the LOGIC category and drop it inside the repeat while block.

4. Click on the settings icon of the if block and drag the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box as shown in the image.

5. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

6. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

7. Select greater than or equal to option from the drop-down of the equal operator block.

8. Drag the Read MIC on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the greater than or equal to operator block. This block is set to pin number A0 by default.

9. Drag the number block from the MATH category and drop it in the right part of the greater than or equal to operator block. Type ‘512’ in the value box of the number block.

10. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Set the LED pin to ‘8’.

11. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LED on block.

12. Drag the wait milliseconds block from the TIME category and drop it below the Set LED on block. This block is set to ‘1000’ milliseconds (ms) by default.

13. Similarly, drag another Set LED on block and drop it in the else part of the if block.

14. Drag another HIGH block and attach it to the Set LED on block and change its state value from HIGH to LOW using the drop-down.

15. When you clap or make a loud sound, the sound sensor sends a signal to the brain module. The brain module then turns on the LED, making it glow in response to the sound.

Note: • Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

• After completing each experiment, remember to burn (upload) your code by connecting the brain module to your computer/laptop, selecting the correct COM port, and clicking the Upload button. Wait for the “Sketch uploaded successfully” message to confirm.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 The mic sensor detects which type of signal?

a Light

c Motion

b Sound

d Temperature

2 The LED is connected to which pin of the brain module in this experiment?

a A0

c D8

b D2

d A1

3 What happens when you clap or make a loud sound near the mic sensor?

a The LED turns off

c The LED glows

B. Answer the Following.

b The LED starts blinking randomly

d The LED changes colour

1 What is the role of the mic sensor in this experiment?

2 Why do we need to upload (burn) the code to the brain module?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Imagine you want your room light to turn on when you clap. How can you apply the concept of this experiment to make it work?

2 How can a similar sound sensor be useful in a smart classroom setup?

Experiment 2: Buzz on Touch 3

Objective

Let us understand how a buzzer produces sound as an output when a touch sensor works as an input.

Background

In robotics, sensors act as the input devices that help a robot sense its surroundings, while output devices like buzzers help it respond. A touch sensor detects physical contact, and a buzzer produces sound when activated. Together, they demonstrate how robots can sense a touch and respond with sound.

Things Around Us

Some of the real-life examples of touch-controlled systems are:

1. Doorbells 2. Touch-activated toys 3. Alert systems

Circuit

1. Connect a touch sensor module to D8 pin of the brain module using 3 pin wire.

2. Connect a buzzer module to D6 pin of the brain module using another 3 pin wire.

3. Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let’s Code

1. Drag the if block from the LOGIC blocks panel and drop it to the workspace.

2. Click on the settings icon of the if block and drag the else block and drop it below the if block in the pop-up box as shown in the image.

3. Click on the settings icon again to hide the pop-up box.

4. Drag the equal operator block from the LOGIC category and attach it to the if block.

5. Drag the Read TOUCH on block from the SENSORS category and drop it in the left part of the equal operator block. Set the pin number to ‘8’.

6. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and drop it in the right part of the equal operator block.

7. Drag the Set BUZZER on block from the OUTPUT category and drop it in the do part of the if block. Set the pin number to ‘6’.

8. Drag the HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and attach it to the Set BUZZER on block.

9. Similarly, drag another Set BUZZER on block and drop it in the else part of the if block. Set the pin number to ‘6’.

10. Drag HIGH block from the OUTPUT category and attach it to the Set BUZZER on block. Select LOW from the drop-down of the HIGH block.

11. When the touch sensor is tapped, it sends a HIGH signal to the brain module and as per the instructions given using the coding blocks, the buzzer produces a sound, indicating that the touch has been detected.

Note: • Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 The touch sensor detects:

a Sound b Light

c Physical contact d Temperature

2 The buzzer is connected to which pin of the brain module in this experiment?

a D6 b D8

c A0 d D2

3 What happens when you touch the touch sensor?

a The LED turns on

c The motor starts moving

B. Answer the Following.

b The buzzer makes a sound

d The brain module shuts down

1 What is the role of the touch sensor in this experiment?

2 What does the buzzer do when it receives a HIGH signal?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 How can you use a touch sensor and buzzer in a quiz game?

2 How can touch sensors help people with special needs in their daily life?

Experiment 3: Blinking of LED 4

Objective

Let us understand the basics of electronic circuits by creating a blinking LED setup and write simple code to control an LED using basic programming concepts.

Background

In robotics, LEDs are used as output devices to indicate signals or display patterns. By controlling the LED through code, we can make it blink in different sequences. This experiment helps students understand how electronic circuits and coding work together to control light patterns in robots and smart devices.

Things Around Us

Some of the real-life examples of LEDs that blink in sequence are:

Festival lights

Circuit

1. Connect LED module to D8 pin of the brain module using a 3 pin wire.

2. Connect the power bank to the brain module using a USB cable to supply power.

Let’s Code

1. Drag the Set LED on block from the LIGHTS category and drop it to the workplace. Set the LED pin to ‘8’.

2. Drag the HIGH block from the LIGHTS category and attach it to the Set LED on block.

3. Now, drag the wait milliseconds block from the TIME category and drop it below the Set LED on block. The wait milliseconds block is set to ‘1000’ by default.

4. Similarly, drag another Set LED on block below the wait milliseconds block. Set its LED pin to ‘8’.

5. Drag the HIGH block and attach it to the Set LED on block. Change its value to LOW using the drop-down.

6. Drag and drop another wait milliseconds block below the Set LED on block.

7. When the program runs, the LED blinks by turning on and off at regular intervals, showing how the brain module controls the light.

Note: • Make sure to run the agent file every time before logging in to AI Connect. This file must always run in the background while using Tinker Orbits.

Scan QR code to view output

Exercise

A. Tick () the Correct Option.

1 What does LED stand for?

a Light Emitting Diode

c Low Energy Display

b Light Electric Device

d Light Emission Detector

2 What happens when the LED turns ON and OFF again and again?

a It blinks

c It stops working

B. Answer the Following.

1 What is the purpose of the wait block in the code?

b It glows continuously

d It changes colour

2 What happens when you change the wait time from 1000 to 500 milliseconds?

C. Apply Your Learning.

1 Name any two real-life applications of a blinking LED.

2 How can blinking LEDs be used to help people with special needs?

About the Book

This book introduces learners to the captivating realm of robotics, with a learner-friendly, motivating, and hands-on approach. It combines theoretical understanding with practice, through insightful examples of real-world applications, while promoting creativity and coding skills. Emphasising a project-based learning methodology, the book provides a series of projects, each with detailed instructions. These instructions can be effortlessly executed using the accompanying robotics hardware kit. The assembly and programming of the robotics systems are done through block-based coding, and simulation environments; accelerating the experiential learning journey of the learners.

Special Features

• Hands-on Experiments: Engaging experiments that allow students to build and test-run robots themselves.

• Detailed Coding Practice: Step-by-step coding instructions to program robots, making it easy for beginners to learn.

• Things Around Us: Each experiment connects robotics to real-world scenarios, showing how technology solves everyday problems.

• Comprehensive Background: Clear explanations of the concepts and the technology behind each experiment, helping students understand the "why" and the "how."

• Interactive Exercises: Exercises at the end of each experiment to reinforce learning and to challenge students to think critically.

About Uolo

Uolo partners with K-12 schools to provide technology-enabled learning programs. We believe that pedagogy and technology must come together to deliver scalable learning experiences that generate measurable outcomes. Uolo is trusted by over 15,000+ schools across India, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.