ओजस Hindi Grade 3 _EBook

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fganh ikB~;iqLrd

fganh ikB~;iqLrd

Ac knowled gem en ts

Academic Authors: Ajay Giri, Monika Dahiya, Amar Nath

Creative Directors: Bhavna Tripathi, Mangal Singh Rana, Satish

Book Production: Surendra Prajapati, Rakesh Kumar Singh

Project Lead: Sneha Sharma

VP, Learning: Abhishek Bhatnagar

All products and brand names used in this book are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective owners.

© Uolo EdTech Private Limited

First edition 2026

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed

or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written

Book Title: Ojas Hindi Pathyapustak 3

ISBN: 978-93-89789-74-4

Published by Uolo EdTech Private Limited

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le; osQ lkFk gekjs thou vkSj f'k{kk esa yxkrkj ifjorZu gks jgs gSaA ubZ pqukSfr;ksa] ubZ vko';drkvksa vkSj vk/qfud thou dh rs”k xfr us f'k{kk dks vkSj vf/d lkFkZd ,oa mi;ksxh cukus dh vko';drk mRiUu dh gSA blh mís'; ls çLrqr gS& ^vkstl* fganh ikB~;iqLrd Ük`a•ykA ;g ikB~;iqLrd jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP 2020)] jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ :ijs•k (NCF 2023) vkSj lrr fodkl y{;ksa (SDGs) osQ vuq:i rS;kj dh xbZ gSA bl ikB~;iqLrd dk mn~sn'; osQoy Hkk"kk dk Kku djkuk ugha gS] cfYd fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks thou&dkS'ky] rkfoZQd lksp] leL;k dk gy •kstus dh {kerk] jpukRedrk vkSj lkekftd laosnu'khyrk ls le`n~/ djkuk Hkh gSA ;g ikB~;iqLrd fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks lh•us dh çfØ;k esa lfØ; cuk,xh vkSj mUgsa f”kEesnkj] laosnu'khy vkSj ltx ukxfjd cuus esa lgk;rk djsxhA ^vkstl* Ük`a•yk esa ,sls ikB vkSj vH;kl fn, x, gSa tks fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks mudh ijaijkvksa ls tksM+rs gSa vkSj vk/qfud fopkjksa ls Hkh ifjfpr djkrs gSaA blesa dgkfu;k¡] dfork,¡] ukVd] laokn] vkRedFkk] thofu;k¡] ;k=kk&o`RRkkar] i=k&ys•u vkSj fp=k&o.kZu tSlh vusd fo/k,¡ 'kkfey gSaA fo"k; Hkh fofo/ gSa& tSls çÑfr] i;kZoj.k] foKku] lekt] ewY;] dyk] laLÑfr vkSj jk"VªçseA ;s ikB i<+us esa jkspd gSa vkSj fon~;kfFkZ;ksa esa uSfrd ewY; rFkk thou&ewY; Hkh fodflr djrs gSaA ikB~;&lkexzh dk p;u fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh vk;q vkSj Lrj dks è;ku esa j•dj fd;k x;k gSA xfrfof/;k¡ vkSj vH;kl ,sls cuk, x, gSa tks vè;;u dks f'k{kkçn vkSj vkuannk;d cukrs gSaA bl ikB~;iqLrd dh fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd blesa Hkk"kk osQ lHkh dkS'ky& lquuk] cksyuk] i<+uk] fy•uk] O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn&HkaMkj vkfn 'kkfey gSaA çR;sd ikB osQ lkFk ,d QR dksM fn;k x;k gS] ftldh lgk;rk ls ikB~;&lkexzh dks ohfM;ks osQ :i esa ns•k tk ldrk gSA

ikB~;iqLrd esa NEP 2020 vkSj NCF 2023 osQ ewY;ksa ls tqM+s fpg~u Hkh fn, x, gSaA ;s fpg~u gesa crkrs gSa fd ikBksa esa fdl izdkj ls jpukRedrk] lg;ksx] vkykspukRed lksp] thou&dkS'ky] lrr fodkl y{; vkSj ewY;&vk/kfjr f'k{kk vkfn dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gSA

bl Ük`a•yk dks rS;kj djrs le; fon~oku f'k{kdksa vkSj Hkk"kk&fo'ks"kKksa osQ lq>ko fy, x, gSaA lkFk gh osQaæh; fganh funs'kky; n~okjk r; fd, x, Hkk"kk&ekudksa dk ikyu fd;k x;k gSA gesa fo'okl gS fd ;g ikB~;iqLrd f'k{k.k dks vkSj vf/d lqxe] mi;ksxh vkSj jkspd cuk,xhA

ge vius f'k{kd&f'kf{kdkvksa ls fouez vuqjks/ djrs gSa fd le;&le; ij vius fopkj vkSj lq>ko nsdj gekjk ekxZn'kZu djrs jgsaA vkiosQ lq>ko gekjs fy, vewY; gSa vkSj ge mUgsa vxys laLdj.kksa esa lfEefyr djus dk iwjk ç;kl djsaxsA izdk'kd

jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (2020) vkSj jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ :ijs•k (2023) osQ ewY;

^vkstl* esa NEP 2020 vkSj NCF 2023 osQ lHkh ewY; laosQrd&fpg~u (icons) osQ :i esa fn, x, gSa] ftudk fooj.k bl izdkj gS&

dyk vkSj jpukRedrk

fp=kdyk] ukVd] laxhr vkSj vU; dykvksa osQ ç;ksx ls f'k{k.k dks vkuannk;d vkSj l`tukRed cukukA

[ksyowQn

'kkjhfjd xfrfof/;ksa vkSj •syksa osQ ekè;e ls f'k{k.k dks jkspd vkSj thoar cukukA

,dhÑr f'k{k.k

fofHkUu fo"k;ksa vkSj dkS'kyksa dks tksM+dj lh•us osQ vuqHko dks laiw.kZ] vkuannk;d vkSj vFkZiw.kZ cukukA

Hkkjrh;rk vkSj lkaLoQfrd lekos'k

Hkkjr dh laLÑfr] ijaijk vkSj ewY;ksa ls tqM+h lkexzh n~okjk ns'k osQ çfr xoZ vkSj tqM+ko c<+kukA

lewg dk;Z

fey&tqydj dke djus] ,d&nwljs dh enn djus vkSj lewg Hkkouk dks fodflr djukA

lrr fodkl y{;

çÑfr dh j{kk] gfj;kyh] 'kkafr vkSj lekurk ls tqM+s ewY;ksa dks viukrs gq, lqjf{kr thou thukA

lkekftd vkSj HkkoukRed dkS'ky

lHkh dh Hkkoukvksa dks le>uk] nwljksa osQ lkFk vPNs laca/ cukuk vkSj f”kEesnkjh ysukA

LOk;a djosQ lh[kuk

Lo;a djosQ lh•us okyh xfrfof/;ksa osQ ekè;e ls Kku vkSj dkS'ky izkIr djukA

mPp Lrjh; fparu

fo'ys"k.k djuk] u, fopkj •kstuk] leL;kvksa dk gy fudkyuk vkSj xgjkbZ ls lkspukA

thou dkS'ky

izfrfnu thou ls lacaf/r dkS'kyksa dk fodkl vkSj mi;ksx djukA

ge tkusaxs

ge tkusaxs

gekjk Hkkjr I;kjk vkSj lqanj ns'k gSA ;gk¡ Å¡ps&Å¡ps igkM+ vkSj ifo=k ufn;k¡ cgrh gSaA ;gk¡ gesa vUu] IkwQy] iQy vkSj ikuh feyrk gSA gesa vius ns'k dk vknj djuk pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

Hkkjr rw gS gedks I;kjk]

rw gS lc ns'kksa ls U;kjkA

eqOkqQV fgeky; rsjk lqanj] /ksrk rsjs pj.k lEaknjA

xaxk&;equk dh gSa /kjk]

ftuls gS ifo=k tx lkjkA

vUu] IkwQy] IkQy] ty gSa I;kjs] rq>esa jRu tokgj U;kjsA

/ksrk rsjs pj.k lEaknjA

blesa ikB dh fo"k;&oLrq dk laf{kIr ifjp; vkSj mn~ns'; fn;k x;k gSA

U;kjk& vuks[kk@vPNk_ eqOkqQV& rkt_ pj.k& iSj_ Ikfo=k& 'kqn~/@lkI

xaxk&;equk dh gSa /kjk]

ftuls gS ifo=k tx lkjkA vUu] IkwQy] IkQy] ty gSa I;kjs]

Jqrys[k Lkqanjifo=ktokgjloZnk;equk lq;'kiq=k/kjkfgeky;o`Q".k lkspks vkSj crkvks 1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks& (d) Hkkjr osQ pj.k dkSu /ksrk gS\ ([k) dfo us Hkkjr dks I;kjk vkSj U;kjk D;ksa dgk gS\ (x) vxj rqe dfo gksrs] rks Hkkjr dh dkSu&lh vPNh ckrsa viuh dfork esa fy•rs\ (?k) Hkkjr osQ izfr vius drZO;ksa dks fuHkkus osQ

blesa ikB dh eq[; fo"k;&oLrq nh xbZ gSA lkFk gh lacaf/r fp=k Hkh 'kkfey fd, x, gSa] rkfd fon~;kFkhZ vklkuh ls le> lossaQ vkSj f'k{k.k jkspd cu losQA

;g Hkh tkusa% blesa ikB dh fo"k;&oLrq ls lacaf/r vfrfjDr tkudkjh nh xbZ gS] ftlls fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dk Kku vkSj c<+sxkA

jke&Ok`Q".k ls var;kZeh] rsjs lHkh iq=k gSa ukehA ge lnSo rsjk xq.k xk,¡] lc fof/ rsjk lq;'k c<+k,¡A &lksguyky n~foosnh

jke&Ok`Q".k ls var;kZeh] rsjs lHkh iq=k gSa ukehA ge lnSo rsjk xq.k xk,¡] lc

jke&Ok`Q".k ls var;kZeh] rsjs lHkh iq=k gSa ukehA ge lnSo rsjk xq.k xk,¡] lc fof/ rsjk lq;'k c<+k,¡A &lksguyky n~foosnh

blesa ikB esa vk, dfBu 'kCnksa osQ ljy vFkZ mlh i`"B ij fn, x, gSaA blls

& dherh iRFkj gekjk Hkkjr

Hkkjr osQ >aMs dks frjaxk dgrs gaSA blesa rhu jax gksrs gSa& Åij osQlfj;k] ksQn vkSj uhps gjk jax gksrk gSA lIksQn iV~Vh esa uhys jax dk v'kksd pØ gksrk gSA var;kZeh & lEeku@dhfrZ

& dherh iRFkj

Hkkjr osQ >aMs dks frjaxk dgrs gaSA blesa rhu jax gksrs gSa& Åij osQlfj;k] ksQn vkSj uhps gjk jax gksrk gSA lIksQn iV~Vh esa uhys jax dk v'kksd pØ gksrk gSA & eu dh ckr tkuus okyk_ lnSo& ges'kk_ fof/& rjhdk_ lq;'k& lEeku@dhfrZ

var;kZeh& eu dh ckr tkuus okyk_ lnSo& ges'kk_ fof/& rjhdk_ lq;'k& lEeku@dhfrZ

gekjk Hkkjr

Jqrys[k% blesa ikB osQ oqQN dfBu 'kCn fn, x, gSa] ftUgsa fon~;kFkhZ ekud orZuh osQ vuqlkj fy•us dk vH;kl dj losaQxsA

Jqrys[k

Hkkjr osQ >aMs dks frjaxk dgrs gaSA blesa rhu jax gksrs gSa& Åij osQlfj;k] chp esa lIksQn vkSj uhps gjk jax gksrk gSA lIksQn iV~Vh esa uhys jax dk v'kksd pØ gksrk gSA

Jqrys[k

Jqrys[k Lkqanjifo=ktokgjloZnk;equk lq;'kiq=k/kjkfgeky;o`Q".k

Lkqanjifo=ktokgjloZnk;equk lq;'kiq=k/kjkfgeky;o`Q".k

Lkqanjifo=ktokgjloZnk;equk lq;'kiq=k/kjkfgeky;o`Q".k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

lkspks vkSj crkvks

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks& (d) Hkkjr osQ pj.k dkSu /ksrk gS\ ([k) dfo us Hkkjr dks I;kjk vkSj U;kjk D;ksa dgk gS\ (x) vxj rqe dfo gksrs] rks Hkkjr dh dkSu&lh vPNh ckrsa viuh dfork esa fy•rs\ (?k) Hkkjr osQ izfr vius drZO;ksa dks fuHkkus osQ fy, ge D;k&D;k dj ldrs gSa\

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks& (d) Hkkjr osQ pj.k dkSu /ksrk gS\ ([k) dfo us Hkkjr dks I;kjk vkSj U;kjk D;ksa dgk gS\ (x) vxj rqe dfo gksrs] rks Hkkjr dh dkSu&lh vPNh ckrsa viuh dfork esa fy•rs\ (?k) Hkkjr osQ izfr vius drZO;ksa dks fuHkkus osQ fy, ge D;k&D;k dj ldrs gSa\

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks& (d) Hkkjr osQ pj.k dkSu /ksrk gS\ ([k) dfo us Hkkjr dks I;kjk vkSj U;kjk D;ksa dgk gS\ (x) vxj rqe dfo gksrs] rks Hkkjr dh dkSu&lh vPNh ckrsa viuh dfork esa fy•rs\ (?k) Hkkjr osQ izfr vius drZO;ksa dks fuHkkus osQ fy, ge D;k&D;k dj ldrs gSa\

Lkkspks vkSj crkvks% blesa ikB ls tqM+s ç'uksa osQ mRrj fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks lkspdj ekSf•d :i ls crkuss gSaA blls mudk Jo.k] okpu vkSj fparu dkS'ky fodflr gksxk vkSj os ikB dks vPNh rjg le>us esa l{ke gksaxsA 2

Lkkspks vkSj fy[kks% blesa ikB ls tqM+s ç'uksa osQ mRrj fy•us gSaA blls mudk fo'ys"k.k] fparu vkSj ys•u dk dkS'ky fodflr gksxk vkSj os vius fopkjksa dks Li"V :i ls O;Dr djus esa l{ke gksaxsA

Hkk"kk&Kku% blesa O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn&Kku osQ fy, ç'u fn, x, gSa] ftlls fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh Hkk"kk ij idM+ e”kcwr cusxhA

vkvks oqQN djsa% blesa ifj;kstuk dk;Z fn, x, gSaA budh enn ls fon~;kFkhZ vuqla/ku (fjlpZ) vkSj fofHkUu izdkj osQ jPkukRed dkS'ky lh[ksaxsA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks& (d) Hkkjr dk eqdqV fdls dgk x;k gS\ (i) xaxk (ii) fgeky; (iii) lEaknj (iv) ;equk

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks& (d) Hkkjr dk eqdqV fdls dgk x;k gS\ ) xaxk (ii) fgeky; (iii) lEaknj (iv) ;equk

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks& (d) Hkkjr dk eqdqV fdls dgk x;k gS\ (i) xaxk (ii) fgeky; iii) lEaknj (iv) ;equk

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa dks leku y; okys 'kCnksa ls feykvkss& (d) I;kjs (i)c<+k,¡ (•) var;kZeh (ii)okj (x) xk,¡ (iii)U;kjs (?k) pkj (iv)Nfo (Ä) jfo (v)ukeh

Hkk"kk&Kku

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa dks leku y; okys 'kCnksa ls feykvkss& (d) I;kjs (i)c<+k,¡ (•) var;kZeh (ii)okj (x) xk,¡ (iii)U;kjs (?k) (iv)Nfo (Ä) jfo (v)ukeh

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa dks leku y; okys 'kCnksa ls feykvkss& (d) I;kjs (i)c<+k,¡ (•) var;kZeh (ii)okj (x) xk,¡ (iii)U;kjs (?k) pkj (iv)Nfo (Ä) jfo (v)ukeh

vkvks OkqQN djsa dfork esa geus Hkkjr OksQ ckjs esa cgqr&lh ckrsa tkuhaA vc ge Hkkjr OksQ jk"Vªh; çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa tkusaxsA

 uhps gj çrhd osQ ckjs esa nks&nks iafDr;k¡ nh xbZ gaSA bu iafDr;ksa dks i<+ks vkSj igpkuks fd ;s fdu çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa gSa\ fiQj mu çrhdksa dk uke fy[kksA

 fn, x, LFkku ij fp=k fpidkvks ;k cukvksA fiQj uke fy[kksA

vkvks OkqQN djsa dfork esa geus Hkkjr OksQ ckjs esa cgqr&lh ckrsa tkuhaA vc ge Hkkjr OksQ jk"Vªh; çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa tkusaxsA

 uhps gj çrhd osQ ckjs esa nks&nks iafDr;k¡ nh xbZ gaSA bu iafDr;ksa dks i<+ks vkSj igpkuks fd ;s fdu çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa gSa\ fiQj mu çrhdksa dk uke fy[kksA

 fn, x, LFkku ij fp=k fpidkvks ;k cukvksA fiQj uke fy[kksA

vkvks OkqQN djsa dfork esa geus Hkkjr OksQ ckjs esa cgqr&lh ckrsa tkuhaA vc ge Hkkjr OksQ jk"Vªh; çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa tkusaxsA  uhps gj çrhd osQ ckjs esa nks&nks iafDr;k¡ nh xbZ gaSA bu iafDr;ksa dks i<+ks vkSj igpkuks fd ;s fdu çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa gSa\ fiQj mu çrhdksa dk uke fy[kksA

foLr`r ikB&izk:i

Øekad ikB dk uke fo/k O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn Kku fozQ;kdyki thou dkS'ky vkSj ewY;

1gekjk Hkkjr dfork rqdkar 'kCn] i;kZ;okph 'kCn] 'kCn&fuekZ.k] okD;&fuekZ.k laosQrksa osQ vk/kj ij jk"Vªh; izrhdksa dh igpku] fp=k <w¡<+dj fpidkuk ;k cukuk Hkkjr osQ çfr drZO; le>uk] ns'k dks LoPN vkSj lqanj cukus dh Hkkouk

2frjaxk gekjh 'kku ,dkadh loZUkke] 'kCn&p;u] okD;&fuekZ.k >aMk ns[kdj lacaf/r ns'k dh igpku dj muosQ uke fy[kuk] frjaxs dk fp=k cukuk çÑfr ls lh[k] ns'k çse

3Eksa<d jktk dgkuh fo'ks"k.k] fojke&fpg~u] lekukFkhZ 'kCn funsZ'kksa osQ vuqlkj Ik'kq&if{k;ksa osQ fp=k fpidkuk xq.kksa vkSj {kerkvksa dks le>uk

LokLF; osQ çfr tkx:drk

4lfC”k;ksa dh ckrsa fp=k&laokn fo'ks"k.k] opu izfozQ;k ys[ku (lykn cukus dh fof/) vkSj euilan lC”kh dk fp=k cukdj jax Hkjuk

5frryh dfork osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

6fpfM+;k?kj dfork loZUkke] opu] tkuojksa dh igpku Ikgsyh cukuk] euilan tkuoj dk fp=k cukdj mlesa jax Hkjuk fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk] f”kEesnkjh fuHkkuk] tkuojksa osQ çfr laosnu'khy gksuk] fdlh çk.kh ;k LFkku dh ns•Hkky djuk

7'ksj vkSj canj yksddFkk fozQ;k] loZuke] foykse 'kCn canj vkSj 'ksj osQ ckjs esa fo'ks"krk,¡ fy•uk fu.kZ; ysuk] lkgl fn•kuk] bZekunkjh] uSfrdrk

8jsr esaa Nqih feBkl dgkuh fozQ;k] foykse 'kCn tkudkjh i<+dj lacaf/r thoksa osQ uke fy[kuk lewg esa lg;ksx djuk] leL;k gy djuk

9frryh vkSj ehjk dh mM+ku foKku dFkk loZuke] fo'ks"k.k] fyax 'kCn frryh dk thou&pozQ cukuk] frryh dk fp=k cukdj mlesa jax Hkjuk vkRefo'okl] lkgl] lgkuqHkwfr] çÑfr lEeku

10fpfM+;k vkSj canj dgkuh osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

fozQ;kdyki thou dkS'ky vkSj ewY;

Hkjuk nwljksa osQ lkFk fey&tqydj jguk] lg;ksx vkSj lkewfgdrk] LoPNrk vkSj f”kEesnkjh] lqj{kk osQ çfr ltxrk

fu.kZ; ysuk vkSj leL;k&lek/ku] laLÑfr vkSj ijaijkvksa dk lEeku] lqj{kk osQ çfr tkx:drk] O;kogkfjd le> vkSj f”kEesnkjh

Øekad ikB dk uke fo/k O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn Kku

11esyk dfork laKk vkSj fo'ks"k.k] eqgkojs] rqdkaar 'kCn fp=k cukdj jax

12osQjy dh lSj Ik=k dky] loZUkke vkSj fozQ;k] 'kCn fuekZ.k] i;kZ;okph 'kCn Ikkjaifjd Fkkyh dk fM”kkbu rS;kj djuk

13fdVh phaVh dgkuh foykse 'kCn] opu] lgh 'kCn dk pquko baVjusV ;k iqLrdky; dh lgk;rk ls tkudkjh fy[kuk vfgalk vkSj 'kkafr] fe=krk vkSj vkilh le>

14nw/okys pkpk thouh fozQ;k] foykse 'kCn] igsyh nw/ ls cuus okyh feBkb;ksa dh lwph cukuk] [khj cukus dh fof/ fy[kuk fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk] lekt&lsok ] ns'kHkfDr vkSj drZO;&cks/

15gj dke ”k:jh gksrk gS dgkuh osQoy i<+us osQ fy,

16irax dfork laKk] fo'ks"k.k] loZUkke vuqLokj okys 'kCn Ikrax dk fp=k cukdj mlesa jax Hkjuk l`tukRedrk vkSj vkuan vuqHko] lqj{kk&tkx:drk] lqj{kk vkSj f”kEesnkjh] lg;ksx vkSj eS=khHkko

17Rkksrk vkSj pus dh nky yksddFkk i;kZ;okph 'kCn] dky] fyax 'kCn igsyh i<+dj mudk mRRkj fy[kuk fgEer vkSj /S;Z] lg;ksx vkSj ijksidkj ] lekt esa ,drk vkSj ln~Hkko

18Uk`R;&Nk=kk dk lk{kkRdkj Lkk{kkRdkj fozQ;k] fyax 'kCn lk{kkRdkj ys[ku le;&çca/u] fe=krk] f”kEesnkjh

19frjaxk dfork osQoy i<+us osQ fy, 20vEEkk cksyh [ksyks gksyh dfork fozQ;k] fyax 'kCn] okD; fuekZ.k gksyh ij iksLVj cukuk] fipdkjh cukuk ijaijkvksa dk lEeku] lgefr vkSj lEeku] ikfjokfjd ,drk

gekjk Hkkjr

ge tkusaxs

gekjk Hkkjr I;kjk vkSj lqanj ns'k gSA ;gk¡ Å¡ps&Å¡ps igkM+ vkSj ifo=k ufn;k¡

cgrh gSaA ;gk¡ gesa vUu] IkwQy] iQy vkSj ikuh feyrk gSA gesa vius ns'k dk

vknj djuk pkfg,A

vkvks i<a+s

Hkkjr rw gS gedks I;kjk]

rw gS lc ns'kksa ls U;kjkA

eqOkqQV fgeky; rsjk lqanj]

/ksrk rsjs pj.k lEaknjA

xaxk&;equk dh gSa /kjk]

ftuls gS ifo=k tx lkjkA

vUu] IkwQy] IkQy] ty gSa I;kjs]

rq>esa jRu tokgj U;kjsA

U;kjk& vuks[kk@vPNk_ eqOkqQV& rkt_ pj.k& iSj_ Ikfo=k& 'kqn~/@lkIkQ_ jRu tokgj& dherh iRFkj

jke&Ok`Q".k ls var;kZeh]

rsjs lHkh iq=k gSa ukehA

ge lnSo rsjk xq.k xk,¡]

lc fof/ rsjk lq;'k c<+k,¡A

lksguyky n~foosnh

var;kZeh& eu dh ckr tkuus okyk_ lnSo& ges'kk_ fof/& rjhdk_ lq;'k& lEeku@dhfrZ

Hkkjr osQ >aMs dks frjaxk dgrs gaSA blesa rhu jax gksrs gSa& Åij osQlfj;k]

chp esa lIksQn vkSj uhps gjk jax gksrk gSA lIksQn iV~Vh esa uhys jax dk v'kksd pØ gksrk gSA

Jqrys[k

Lkqanj ifo=k tokgj loZnk ;equk

lq;'k iq=k /kjk fgeky; o`Q".k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) Hkkjr osQ pj.k dkSu /ksrk gS\

([k) dfo us Hkkjr dks I;kjk vkSj U;kjk D;ksa dgk gS\

(x) vxj rqe dfo gksrs] rks Hkkjr dh dkSu&lh vPNh ckrsa viuh dfork esa fy•rs\

(?k) Hkkjr osQ izfr vius drZO;ksa dks fuHkkus osQ fy, ge D;k&D;k dj ldrs gSa\

(Ä) gesa vUu vkSj ikuh dks cjckn D;ksa ugha djuk pkfg,\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) Hkkjr dk eqoqQV fdls dgk x;k gS\

(i) xaxk (ii) fgeky;

(iii) lEaknj (iv) ;equk

([k) dfo Hkkjr dk xq.kxku dc djuk pkgrk gS\

(i) dHkh&dHkh (ii) lnSo

(iii) R;ksgkjksa ij (iv) jk"Vªh; ioks ij

(x) dfork esa dkSu&lh ufn;ksa osQ uke vk, gSa\

(i) xaxk vkSj ljLorh (ii) xaxk vkSj ;equk

(iii) ;equk vkSj lj;w (iv) ;equk vkSj ueZnk

(?k) ^var;kZeh* 'kCn ls dfo us fdldh vksj laosQr fd;k gS\

(i) lqnkek vkSj Ñ".k (ii) jke vkSj Ñ".k

(iii) jk/k vkSj Ñ".k (iv) jke vkSj y{e.k

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) Hkkjr esa vUu] iwQy] iQy vkSj ty gSaA

([k) dfork esa dgk x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa dksbZ jRu ugha gSA

(x) jke vkSj Ñ".k Hkkjr ls tqM+s egkiq#"k gSaA

(?k) dfo Hkkjr os Q iwQyksa dk xq.kxku dj jgk gSA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) xaxk vkSj ;equk dh /kjk,¡ fdls ifo=k djrh gSa\

([k) dfork esa Hkkjr dh dkSuµlh ph”k I;kjh crkbZ xbZ gSa\

(x) ^jRu tokgj* ls dfo dk D;k vk'k; gS\

(?k) dfork dh iafDr;k¡ iwjh djks&

xaxk ;equk dh gSa /kjk]

vUu] IkwQy] IkQy] ty gSa I;kjs]

(Ä) ns'k dks LoPN vkSj lqanj cukus osQ fy, ge lc feydj

dkSu&dkSu ls ç;kl dj ldrs gSa\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa dks leku y; okys 'kCnksa ls feykvkss&

(d) I;kjs (i) c<+k,¡

(•) var;kZeh (ii) okj

(x) xk,¡ (iii) U;kjs

(?k) pkj (iv) Nfo

(Ä) jfo (v) ukeh

2- fn, x, 'kCnksa os Q nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy[kkss&

csVk ik¡o oru iq"i ikuh lqr lqeu uhj iSj jk"V~

(d) ns'k &

([k) ty &

(x) pj.k &

(?k) iq=k &

(Ä) iwQy &

3- fn, x, o.kks± dks lgh Øe esa tksM+ks vkSj iw.kZ 'kCn cukdj fy•ks&

(d) .k p j &

(•) ; lq 'k &

(x) fo =k fp &

(?k) oqQ V Ekq &

(Ä) fo i =k &

4- fn, x, 'kCnksa ls ,d&,d okD; cukdj fy[kks&

(d) xq.k &

([k) xaxk &

(x) Hkkjr &

(?k) fgeky; &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

dfork esa geus Hkkjr OksQ ckjs esa cgqr&lh ckrsa tkuhaA vc ge Hkkjr

OksQ jk"Vªh; çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa tkusaxsA

 uhps gj çrhd osQ ckjs esa nks&nks iafDr;k¡ nh xbZ gaSA bu iafDr;ksa dks

i<+ks vkSj igpkuks fd ;s fdu çrhdksa osQ ckjs esa gSa\ fiQj mu çrhdksa

osQ uke fy[kksA

 fn, x, LFkku ij fp=k fpidkvks ;k cukvksA fiQj muosQ uke fy[kksA

blOksQ 'kjhj ij dkyh

/kfj;k¡ gksrh gSaA ;g rkdroj vkSj IkqQrhZyk tkuoj gSA

jk"Vªh; i'kq&

blOksQ ia• jax&fcjaxs

vkSj lqanj gksrs gSaA

ckfj'k OksQ le; esa ;g

ukprk gSA

jk"Vªh; i{kh&

;g IkwQy ikuh esa f•yrk gSA bldk jax ”;knkrj xqykch ;k

lIksQn gksrk gSA

jk"Vªh; IkwQy&

bls ^iQyksa dk jktk*

dgk tkrk gSA ;g

xjfe;ksa esa lcls ”;knk feyrk gSA

jk"Vªh; iQy&

frjaxk gekjh 'kku

ge tkusaxs

15 vxLr gekjs ns'k dh Lora=krk dk fnu gS] blfy, ge bls Lora=krk fnol osQ :i esa eukrs gSaA frjaxs osQ jax vkSj pØ gesa lkgl] 'kkafr] mUufr vkSj izxfr dk lans'k nsrs gSaA

vkvks i<a+s n`'; 1

(jfo vkSj usgk fon~;ky; osQ fy, rS;kj gks jgs gSaA ukuh vkjke ls cSBh gSaA ckgj

ls ns'kHkfDr xhr dh gydh /qu lqukbZ ns jgh gSA)

usgk % ukuh] vkt 15 vxLr gSA gekjs fon~;ky; esa frjaxk iQgjk;k tk,xkA

ukuh % gk¡ csVh] ;gh og fnu gS tc gekjk ns'k vk”kkn gqvk FkkA

jfo % ukuh] ml le; rks vki cgqr NksVh gksaxhA D;k vkidks oqQN ;kn gS\

ukuh % gk¡ csVh] eq>s ;kn gSA ml le; yksx viuh tku dh fpark fd, fcuk ns'k dks Lora=k djkus osQ fy, yM+rs FksA vk”kknh osQ fy, cgqr&ls ohjksa us vius izk.kksa dk cfynku fn;kA

usgk % (mRlkfgr gksdj) ukuh] vkt ge mu ohjksa dks ;kn djsaxs vkSj mudk

lEeku djsaxsA

Lora=k& vk”kkn_ ns'kHkfDr& vius ns'k osQ çfr çse_ ohjksa& cgknqj] lkglh O;fDr

jfo % pyks nhnh] tYnh pyrs gSaA vkt dk fnu cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA

(rhuksa eqLdjkrs gSaA jfo vkSj usgk gkFk esa NksVk&lk frjaxk ysdj fon~;ky; osQ fy, fudyrs gSaA)

n`'; 2

(fon~;ky; osQ eSnku esa >aMk ygjk jgk gSA jax&fcjaxs xqCckjs gok esa mM+ jgs gSaA cPps drkj esa •M+s gSaA cSaM dh vkok”k xw¡t jgh gSA)

ç/kukpk;Z % I;kjs cPpks! vkt ge lc Lora=krk fnol euk jgs gSaA ;g fnu gesa ;kn fnykrk gS mu ohjksa dh] ftUgksaus vius çk.kksa dh vkgqfr nsdj gesa vk”kknh fnykbZA (#ddj frjaxs dh vksj b'kkjk djrs gSaA) ;g frjaxk osQoy rhu jaxksa dk diM+k ugha gSA ;g frjaxk gekjh 'kku

vkSj igpku gSA ge lc Hkkjrh; gSaA vc ge >aMkjksg.k djsaxs vkSj jk"Vªxku xk,¡xsA

vkgqfr& cfynku_ >aMkjksg.k& >aMk iQgjkus dh fØ;k

(>aMk iQgjk;k tkrk gSA iwQyksa dh o"kkZ gksrh gSA lc cPps ^tu&x.k&eu* xkrs gSaA okrkoj.k Hkkoqd vkSj xoZ ls Hkj tkrk gSA vè;kfidk cPpksa osQ ikl vkdj

cksyrh gSa vkSj lHkh cPps è;ku ls lqurs gSaA)

vè;kfidk % vkvks cPpks] vc frjaxs osQ rhuksa jaxksa dk vFkZ le>rs gSaA osQlfj;k

jax lkgl vkSj cfynku dk çrhd gSA lIksQn jax 'kkafr vkSj

lPpkbZ dk lans'k nsrk gSA gjk jax gekjh /jrh] gfj;kyh vkSj

mUufr dks n'kkZrk gSA chp dk uhyk pØ gesa izxfr dk lans'k

nsrk gSA vkvks lc feydj cksyas ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;!*

lHkh cPps % Hkkjr ekrk dh t;! Hkkjr ekrk dh t;!

vè;kfidk % cPpks] vc ukjs yxkus dk le; gSA

Nk=k 1 % ygjk, frjaxk I;kjk] gj fny cksys t;&t;dkjkA

Nk=k 2 % 'kghnksa dh ;g /jrh egku] ge lcdk gS fganqLrkuA

(lHkh cPps ^Hkkjr ekrk dh t;* vkSj ^oans ekrje* osQ ukjs yxrs gSaA lHkh rkfy;k¡ ctkrs gSaA lHkh osQ psgjs xoZ vkSj tks'k ls pedrs fn•kbZ nsrs gSaA)

mUufr& rjDdh] çxfr

n`'; 3

(jfo vkSj usgk ?kj ykSVrs gSaA nksuksa osQ gkFkksa esa NksVs&NksVs frjaxs gSaA psgjs ij

mRlkg gSA ukuh njok”ks ij bar”kkj dj jgh gSaA)

jfo % ukuh! vkt geus >aMk iQgjk;k vkSj ukjs yxk,A vkt fon~;ky; esa cgqr

e”kk vk;kA

usgk % vkSj ukuh] vkt igyh ckj eq>s frjaxs dk vlyh egRo le> vk;kA

eq>s vius ns'k ij xoZ gSA

jfo % nhnh] vc gesa Hkh cM+s gksdj ns'k dk uke jks'ku djuk gSA

usgk % eSa cM+h gksdj ns'k dh lsok d:¡xhA

jfo % vkSj eSa Hkh---------A

egRo& vgfe;r_ xoZ& vfHkeku

Hkkjr dk jk"Vªh; èot 22 tqykbZ] 1947 dks

viuk;k x;k vkSj 15 vxLr] 1947 dks

igyh ckj iQgjk;k x;k FkkA gj lky Lora=krk

fnol ij fnYyh osQ yky fdys dh izkphj ij

ç/kuea=kh frjaxk iQgjkrs gSa vkSj ns'kokfl;ksa dks

lacksf/r djrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

Lora=krk ç/kukpk;Z lekjksg /jrh

ns'kHkfDr ukxfjd >aMk lkgl

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) frjaxs esa rhu jax dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\

([k) gekjs jk"Vªh; èot dks lcls igys dc vkSj dgk¡ iQgjk;k

x;k Fkk\

(x) gekjs jk"Vªh; >aMs esa uhyk pØ D;k n'kkZrk gS vkSj gesa blls D;k lh[k feyrh gS\

(?k) frjaxs dk gjk jax /jrh vkSj gfj;kyh dks n'kkZrk gSA ge viuh /jrh dks gjk&Hkjk j•us OksQ fy, D;k dj ldrs gSa\

(Ä) cM+s gksdj rqe vius ns'k dh lsok fdl :i esa dju k pkgksxs\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) 15 vxLr dks ge dkSu&lk fnol eukrs gSa\

(i) f'k{kd fnol

(ii) Lora=krk fnol

(iii) x.kra=k fnol

(iv) cky fnol

([k) frjaxs dk osQlfj;k jax fdldk çrhd gS\

(i) 'kkafr vkSj lPpkbZ

(ii) gfj;kyh vkSj mUufr

(iii) lkgl vkSj cfynku

(iv) esgur vkSj izxfr

(x) frjaxs osQ chp dk uhyk pØ D;k n'kkZrk gS\

(i) 'kkafr vkSj lPpkbZ

(ii) izxfr dk lans'k

(iii) /jrh vkSj mUufr

(iv) cfynku vkSj lkgl

(?k) ukuh us cPpksa dks fdl ckjs esa crk;k\

(i) ohjksa osQ uke

(ii) ohjksa osQ cfynku

(iii) frjaxs dk egRo

(iv) pozQ dk vFkZ

(Ä) Lora=krk fnol ij fon~;ky; esa fdldk vk;kstu gqvk\

(i) •syOkwQn çfr;ksfxrk

(ii) >aMkjksg.k vkSj jk"Vªxku

(iii) fp=kdyk çn'kZuh

(iv) foKku çn'kZuh

3- okD;ksa OksQ lkeus lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) ukuh us fon~;ky; esa >aMk iQgjk;kA

([k) jfo vkSj usgk us NksVs&NksVs frjaxs ?kj esa yxk,A

(x) frjaxs dk lIksQn jax 'kkafr vkSj lPpkbZ dk lans'k nsrk gSA

(?k) Lora=krk fnol ij fon~;ky; dk eSnku xqCckjksa ls ltk;k x;k FkkA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) Lora=krk fnol dc vkSj D;ksa euk;k tkrk gS\

([k) >aMk iQgjkrs le; dkSu&lk xhr xk;k x;k\

(x) Hkkjr osQ frjaxs osQ ckjs esa dksbZ nks fcanq fy[kksA

(?k) ns'kHkfDr ij ,d ukjk fy[kksA

(Ä) ^ns'k dh lsok flIkZQ cM+s yksx gh dj ldrs gSa*& bl dFku ls rqe lger gks ;k vlger\ dkj.k lfgr fy[kksA

Hkk"kk&Kku

loZuke% tks 'kCn fdlh O;fDr] LFkku ;k oLrq OksQ uke OksQ LFkku ij iz;ksx gksrs gSa] mUgsa loZuke dgrs gSa_ tSls& eSa] rqe] vki] og] dksbZ] D;k] fdldk vkfnA

1- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa ls loZuke igpkudj fy•ks&

(d) ;g Hkkjr dh 'kku gSA

([k) mlus eap ij •M+s gksdj Hkk"k.k fn;kA

(x) geus feydj ^tu&x.k&eu* xhr xk;kA

(?k) vki lHkh dks Lora=krk fnol dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡!

(Ä) usgk us dgk] ¶vkt ge ohjksa dks ;kn djsaxsA¸

2- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkku esa fy[kks&

lqanj egku lIksQn Å¡pk

(d) ç/kukpk;Z us >aMk iQgjk;kA

([k) eap ij ltkoV dh xbZ FkhA

(x) gekjs ns'k osQ ohj FksA

(?k) cPps iks'kkd esa vk,A

3- ^frjaxk* 'kCn lqurs gh eu esa ns'kHkfDr dh Hkkouk vkrh gSA ,sls pkj 'kCn vkSj fy•ks] ftuls ^ns'kHkfDr* dh Hkkouk vk,A fiQj mu 'kCnksa ls ,d&,d okD; cukdj fy[kks&

(d) ([k)

(x) (?k)

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 rqe vius ns'k dk >aMk igpkurs gksA vc uhps fn, x, vU; ns'kksa

osQ >aMksa dks è;ku ls ns•ksA iqLrd] baVjusV ;k fdlh cM+s dh enn

ls irk djks fd dkSu&lk >aMk fdl ns'k dk gSA fiQj mlosQ lkeus

ml ns'k dk uke fy•ks&

>aMk ns'k dk uke

 frjaxs dk fp=k cukdj mlesa jax Hkjks&

esa<d jktk 3

ge tkusaxs

gj tho ;k O;fDr vius&vki esa fo'ks"k gksrk gSA gesa vius xq.kksa dh

igpku gksuh pkfg,] fdarq dHkh Mhaxs ugha gk¡duh pkfg,A bldk ifj.kke

cqjk gks ldrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

,d iks[kj esa cgqr lkjs esa<d jgrs FksA ,d ckj iks[kj OksQ ikl ,d eksVk cSy

ikuh ihus vk;kA bruk cM+k tkuoj ns[kdj uUgs&eqUus esa<d Mj x,A mUgksaus

cSy igyh ckj ns[kk FkkA

iks[kj& rkykc

mUgsa cSy cgqr fo'kky yxkA mlOksQ cM+s&cM+s lhax FksA mldh yach iw¡N FkhA mldk eq¡g cgqr cM+k FkkA os Mj OksQ ekjs VjZ&VjZ fpYYkkrs gq, nwljs fdukjs dh

vksj HkkxsA os cqjh rjg Mjs gq, Fks vkSj gk¡IkQ jgs FksA mUgsa irk ugha Fkk fd cSy ,d lh/k vkSj 'kkdkgkjh tkuoj gksrk gSA ikuh ihdj og pyk x;k] ysfdu

esa<d vc Hkh cgqr Mjs gq, FksA

mudh vkok”k lqudj esa<dksa dk jktk ogk¡ vk;kA mlus esa<dksa ls muOksQ fpYykus dk dkj.k iwNkA Mjs&lges esa<dksa us iwjh ckr esa<d jktk dks crkbZA

eas<d jktk 'ks[kh c?kkjrs gq, cksyk] ^^vjs! Mjrs D;ksa gks\ og dksbZ cgqr cM+k tkuoj ugha gksxkA pkgw¡] rks eSa Hkh viuk vkdkj mruk gh cM+k dj ldrk gw¡A**

bruk dgdj mlus vius 'kjhj dks IkqQykuk vkjaHk dj fn;kA mlus uUgs&eqUus esa<dks ls iwNk] ^^D;k og tkuoj bruk cM+k Fkk] ftruk cM+k eSa fn[kkbZ ns jgk gw¡\**

fo'kky& cgqr cM+k_ 'kkdkgkjh& ?kkl&iwQl [kkus okyk_ 'ks[kh c?kkjuk& vius ckjs esa Lo;a gh c<+k&p<+kdj crkuk_ vkjaHk& 'kq:

esa<d jktk

esa<dks us mRrj fn;k] ^^ugha egkjkt] og rks blls Hkh cgqr cM+k FkkA bruk cM+k

fd vki lksp Hkh ugha ldrsA**

mlus ,d ckj fIkQj viuk 'kjhj IkqQyk;k vkSj iwNk] ^^D;k og bruk cM+k Fkk\**

esa<dks us dgk] ^^ugha egkjkt] ge vkidks OkSQls crk,¡ fd og fdruk cM+k

FkkA blls Hkh cgqr ”;knk cM+kA**

;g lqudj esa<d jktk tks'k esa vk x;kA og vius 'kjhj dks yxkrkj IkqQykrk

jgk] ijarq gj ckj iwNus ij Hkh esa<dks us ogh mRrj fn;k] ^^ugha&ugha] blls

Hkh cgqr ”;knk cM+k!**

var esa isV IkqQykrs&IkqQykrs jktk esa<d dk isV IkQV x;kA cSBs fcBk, 'ks[kh c?kkjus

OksQ pDdj esa mls viuh tku ls gkFk /ksuk iM+kA

tku ls gkFk /ksuk& ej tkuk

Eksa<d ,d ,slk tho gS] tks /jrh vkSj ikuh nksuksa txg jg ldrk gSA bls mHk;pj izk.kh dgrs gSaA ;g cjlkr OksQ fnuksa esa vf/d fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ;g NksVs&NksVs dhM+ksa dks [kkrk gSA

Jqrys[k

fo'kky tkuoj rkykc fdukjs iks[kj

vkjaHk egkjkt 'ks[kh c?kkjuk vkdkj pDdj

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) esa<d dgk¡ jgrs Fks\

([k) D;k dHkh rqeus esa<d ns[kk gS\

(x) gesa dHkh 'ks[kh D;ksa ugha c?kkjuh pkfg,\

(?k) cSy fn[kus esa oSQlk gksrk gS\

(Ä) esa<d OkSQls cksyrk gS\ mldh vkok”k fudkydj d{kk esa lqukvksA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) cSy OkSQlk Fkk\

(i) NksVk (ii) cM+k

(iii) fBxuk

(iv) iryk

([k) cSy dh iw¡N OkSQLkh Fkh\

(i) yach

(ii) eksVh

(x) esa<d jktk us D;k IkqQyk;k\

(i) isV

(iii) eq¡g

(ii) NksVh

(iv) iryh

(ii) gkFk

(iv) iSj

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) cSy OksQ cM+s&cM+s lhax FksA

([k) cSy dks ns[kdj esa<d [kq'k gq,A

(x) cSy ikuh ihdj pyk x;kA

(?k) cSy 'kkdkgkjh tkuoj gksrk gSA

(Ä) esa<d jktk us viuk eq¡g IkqQyk;kA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) esa<d dgk¡ jgrs gSa\

([k) uUgs&eqUus esa<d fdls ns[kdj Mj x,\

(x) cSy iks[kj OksQ fdukjs D;k djus vk;k Fkk\

(?k) var esa esa<d jktk OksQ lkFk D;k gqvk\

(Ä) bl dgkuh ls gesa D;k lh[k feyrh gS\

fo'ks"k.k% tks 'kCn uke okys 'kCnksa (laKk) dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkrs gSa_ tSls& NksVk

cPpk_ fo'kky cSy vkfnA bu 'kCnksa dks fo'ks"k.k dgrs gSaA

1- fn, x, okD;ksa esa ls fo'ks"k.k 'kCn <w¡<+dj fy[kks& fo'ks"k.k 'kCn

cSy dh i¡wN yach FkhA & yach

(d) cSy cgqr cM+k FkkA &

([k) mlOksQ lhax cM+s&cM+s FksA &

(x) uUgs&eqUus esa<d Mj x,A &

(?k) cSy ,d lh/k tkuoj gSA &

2- fn, x, okD;ksa esa mfpr LFkku ij iw.kZfojke (A) vFkok ç'uokpd

(\) fpg~u yxkvks&

(d) cSy ikuh ihdj pyk x;k

([k) D;k og tkuoj bruk cM+k Fkk

(x) jktk us esa<dksa ls Mj dk dkj.k iwNk

(?k) rqe D;ksa Mjs gq, gks

(Ä) D;k esa<d jktk dk isV iQV x;k

3- leku vFkZ okys 'kCn fy[kks&

ty ru rkykc i'kq

(d) iks[kj &

([k) ikuh &

(x) tkuoj &

(?k) 'kjhj &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 ,sls pkj i'kqvksa OksQ fp=k fpidkvks rFkk muOksQ uke fy[kks] tks ikuh

rFkk /jrh nksuksa txg jgrs gSaA rqe baVjusV vFkok fdlh cM+s dh

lgk;rk ys ldrs gksA

lfC”k;ksa dh ckrsa 4

lfC”k;k¡ gekjs LOkkLF; osQ fy, vko';d gksrh gaSA ;s gesa 'kfDr vkSj ÅtkZ

nsrh gSa] blfy, gesa budk fu;fer lsou djuk pkfg,A ge tkusaxs

vkvks i<a+s xkso/Zu pkpk osQ Bsys ij rjg&rjg dh rk”kh lfC”k;k¡ lth gqbZ Fkha& ikyd] cSaxu] vkyw] VekVj] xktj] fHkaMh] eVj vkSj I;ktA pkpk ”kksj ls vkok”k yxk jgs Fks] ^^rk”kh lfC”k;k¡ ys yks] gjh rk”kh lfC”k;k¡!¸ mudh vkok”k lqurs gh

Bsys esa j•h lfC”k;k¡ vkil esa •qlj&iqQlj djus yxhaA

•qlj&iqQlj& cgqr /heh vkok”k esa ckr djuk

lfC”k;ksa dh ckrsa

Lkcls igys ikyd cksyh] ^^eSa gw¡

gjh&Hkjh ikyd! eq>s •kus ls 'kjhj dks feyrh gS rkdrA eSa vk¡•ksa dks

rs”k vkSj gM~fM;ksa dks 'kfDRk'kkyh

cukrh gw¡A eq>s tks Hkh [kkrk gS] cyoku cu tkrk gSA¸

cSaxu yq<+ddj vkxs vk;k vkSj cksyk]

^^vjs! eq>s Hkh de er vk¡dukA eSa gw¡ pedrk cSaxu! Eksjs flj ij rkt gksrk gSA eSa iQkbcj vkSj foVkfeu&ch dk

HkaMkj gw¡A eSa isV vkSj fny dk j•okyk gw¡A eSa lcls fujkyk gw¡A¸

vkyw g¡lrs gq, cksyk] ^^eSa gw¡ lcdh

vk¡[kksa dk rkjk! eq>esa gSa dkckZsgkbMªsV vkSj foVkfeu&lh cgqr lkjkA eSa rqjar rkdr

nsrk gw¡ vkSj 'kjhj dks 'kfDr'kkyh cukrk gw¡A eSa gj lC”kh esa ?kqy&fey tkrk gw¡ vkSj lcdk fe=k cu tkrk gw¡A¸

'kfDRk'kkyh& rkdroj_ rkt& eqoqQV_ fujkyk& vuks[kk_ vk¡[kksa dk rkjk& cgqr I;kjk

xktj /hjs&ls cksyh] ¶eSa gw¡ ehBh xktjA

eSa vk¡•ksa dh jks'kuh rs”k djrh gw¡A

eq>esa foVkfeu&, vkSj iQkbcj gksrs gaSA

eq>s dPpk •k ldrs gSaA eq>ls lC”kh

vkSj twl Hkh curk gSA esjk Lokn lcls fujkyk gSA¸

VekVj mNydj cksyk] ¶eSa gw¡

yky&yky VekVjA eSa 'kjhj dh j{kk

djrk gw¡ vkSj Ropk dks pednkj

cukrk gw¡A pVuh] lykn vkSj lC”kh&

gj izdkj ls esjk iz;ksx gksrk gSA esjs

fcuk gj lC”kh dk LOkkn v/wjk gSA¸

iQkbcj& js'kk_ lsou& [kkuk] iz;ksx djuk

lfC”k;ksa dh ckrsa

rHkh nqcyh&iryh fHkaMh eqLdjkdj cksyh] ¶eSa gw¡ gjh fHkaMhA eq>esa

foVkfeu&osQ vkSj iQkbcj gksrs gSaA eSa

Hkh gM~fM;ksa dks e”kcwr vkSj ikpu dks vPNk cukrh gw¡A esjk lsou djus okyk

LoLFk jgrk gSA¸

I;kt cksyk] ^^ns•ks] xkso/Zu pkpk Hkh

gekjh iz'kalk dj jgs gSaA dksbZ fdlh ls de ugha gSA 'kfDr'kkyh vkSj LOkLFk jgus

osQ fy, ge lHkh vko';d gSaA vkvks]

budh Hkh lqurs gSaA¸ lHkh lfC”k;k¡ pqi gks xbZ vkSj è;ku ls xkso/Zu pkpk dh vkok”k

lquus yxha] ¶lC”kh ys yks] lC”kh! gjh]

rk”kh lC”khA¸

isQjhokys ;k Bsysokys xyh&eksgYyksa esa iQy] lfC”k;k¡] f•ykSus vkSj jks”kejkZ dh ph”ksa csprs gSaA mudh otg ls gesa ?kj osQ ikl gh ”k:jh lkeku vklkuh ls fey tkrk gSA gesa mudh esgur vkSj lsok dk ges'kk lEeku djuk pkfg,A

Jqrys[k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) lfC”k;k¡ vkil esa D;k [kqlj&iqQlj djus yxha\

([k) cSaxu us vius ckjs esa D;k crk;k\

(x) rqEgsa dkSu&lh lC”kh lcls vf/d ilan gS vkSj D;ksa\

(?k) ;fn lfC”k;k¡ u gksa rks ge jksVh osQ lkFk D;k [kk,¡xs\

(Ä) fdlus lHkh lfC”k;ksa dks LokLF; osQ fy, vko';d crk;k vkSj

D;ksa\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) fdl lC”kh dk lykn vkSj twl curk gS\

(i) vkyw

(iii) fHkaMh

(ii) xktj

(iv) cSaxu

([k) ^^esjs flj ij rkt gSA** ;g fdlus dgk\

(i) vkyw

(iii) fHkaMh

(ii) cSaxu

(iv) VekVj

(x) ¶esjs fcuk gj lC”kh dk Lokn v/wjk jgrk gS\¸ ;g fdlus dgk\

(i) ikyd

(iii) xktj

(ii) VekVj

(iv) fHkaMh

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) Xkkso/Zu pkpk osQ Bsys ij feBkb;k¡ lth FkhaA

([k) VekVj dk iz;ksx pVuh vkSj lykn esa gksrk gSA

(x) cSaxu us LOk;a dks xksy&eVksy dgkA

(?k) fHkaMh gM~fM;ksa dks e”kcwr cukrh gSA

(Ä) lHkh lfC”k;k¡ pkpk dh vkok”k lquus yxhaA

lfC”k;ksa

ckrsa

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) pkpk osQ Bsys ij dkSu&dkSu lh lfC”k;k¡ Fkha\

([k) VekVj us vius ckjs esa D;k dgk\

(x) ikyd us vius ckjs esa D;k crk;k\

(?k) I;k”k us lHkh lfC”k;ksa osQ ckjs esa D;k cksyk\

(M-) ;fn rqe xkso/Zu pkpk osQ Bsys ij tkrs] rks dkSu&lh lC”kh ysrs

vkSj D;kas\

Hkk"kk&Kku

fo'ks"k.k og 'kCn gksrk gS tks laKk ;k loZuke dh fo'ks"krk (xq.k] jax] vkdkj]

la[;k vkfn) crkrk gS_ tSls& yky VekVj Lokfn"V gksrk gSA ;gk¡ yky VekVj

(laKk) dh fo'ks"krk crk jgk gSA

1- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fy•ks& fo'ks"k.k 'kCn

(d) Bsys ij rkth lfC”k;k¡ lth FkhaA

([k) cSaxu pednkj gksrk gSA

(x) fHkaMh nqcyh&iryh gksrh gSA

(?k) VekVj yky gksrk gSA

2- mi;qDr fo'ks"k.k pqudj okD; iwjs djks&

fe=k rk”kh ehBk gjh

(d) lfC”k;k¡ lcdks ilan gksrh gSaA

([k) xktj dk Lokn gksrk gSA

(x) ikyd ,d vkSj iRrsnkj lC”kh gSSSA

(?k) vkyw lcdk cu tkrk gSA

3- [kkyh LFkku esa lgh 'kCn pqudj fy[kks&

(d) pkpk OksQ Bsys ij dbZ FkhaA (lC”kh@lfC”k;k¡)

([k) pkpk OksQ ikl ,d FkkA (Bsyk@Bsys)

(x) lkjh pqi gks xbZaA (lC”kh@lfC”k;k¡)

(?k) [ksrksa esa cgqr lkjh lfC”k;k¡ gSaA (mxrk@mxrh)

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 viuh eEeh ;k nknh ls lykn

cukus dh fof/ irk djksA lykn

cukus OksQ fy, rqe ftu lfC”k;ksa

vkSj elkyksa dk bLrseky djksxs]

mudh lwph cukvks&

 viuh ilanhnk lC”kh dk fp=k

cukvks&

jax&fcjaxh papy frryh]

lcOksQ eu dks gjrhA

IkwQy&IkwQy ij mM+rh jgrh]

thou esa jax HkjrhAA

tkus fdl eLrh esa Mwch]

fiQjrh gS bBykrhA

vkf•j fdls •kstrh jgrh]

gjne nkSM+ yxkrhAA

ihNs&ihNs nkSM+ yxkrk]

gj cPpk erokykA

frryh gS ;k tknwxjuh]

lc ij tknw MkykAA

dk'k! ia• gksrs vius]

frryh&lh eLrh djrsA

ge Hkh vkSjksa OksQ thou esa]

•qf'k;ksa OksQ jax HkjrsAA

&f=kyksd flag BOkqQjsyk

frryh

fpfM+;k?kj 6

ge tkusaxs

fpfM+;k?kj og LFkku gksrk gS] tgk¡ rjg&rjg OksQ i'kq&i{kh j•s tkrs gSaA ogk¡

tkdj cPps vkSj cM+s lHkh tkuojksa dks ikl ls ns• ldrs gSaA fpfM+;k?kj

esa gesa Ik'kq&if{k;ksa OksQ ckjs esa tkuus vkSj lh•us dk volj feyrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

pyks pysa ge fpfM+;k?kj esa]

tks gS nwj cM+s 'kgj esaA

fdruk ltk gqvk gS lqanj]

vkvks ns•ks ?kwe&?kwedjA

fdrus i'kq ;gk¡ fopjrs]

g¡lrs&xkrs] mNyk djrsA

flag] rsanqvk] ck?k] ykseM+h]

vk¡• fn•krs cM+h&cM+hA

fopjrs& ?kwers

fpfM+;k?kj

mNy&OkwQn djrk gS canj]

xksfjYyk fiatjs OksQ vanjA

e”ksnkj ikuh dk ?kksM+k]

ljdk dNqvk FkksM+k&FkksM+kA

mtyh dfy ”kscjk /kjh]

ns•ks] xSaMk fdruk HkkjhA

yacw nknk] •M+k ftjkIkQ]

Vguh ij fyiVk gS lk¡iA

fgjuksa dh Hkh vkbZ Vksyh]

Hkkyw&gkFkh Å¡ph cksyhA

•Ppj vk;k chp Hk¡oj esa]

Ek”kk vk x;k fpfM+;k?kj esa! &MkW- thrs'k OkqQekj

ljdk& /hjs&/hjs f•ldk_ mtyh dfy& lIksQn /kfj;k¡_ Vksyh& lewg_ Hk¡oj& ygjksa dk pDdj

Hkkjr dk lcls igyk fpfM+;k?kj 1855 esa psUubZ (rRdkyhu eækl) esa •qyk FkkA bls

^vfjXukj vUuk twykWftdy ikOkZQ* dgk tkrk gSA ;g Hkkjr dk lcls iqjkuk vkSj lcls

cM+k fpfM+;k?kj gSA vkt Hkkjr esa dbZ fpfM+;k?kj gSa] tks cPpksa dks tkuojksa OksQ ckjs esa tkuus dk volj nsrs gSaA

Jqrys[k fpfM+;k?kj xksfjYyk fiatjk e”ksnkj dNqvk ”kscjk ftjkI kQ Vksyh Hkkyw •Ppj

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) dfork esa dkSu&dkSu ls tkuojksa OksQ uke vk, gSa\

([k) canj vkSj xksfjYyk esa D;k varj gS\ fp=k ns[kdj crkvksA

(x) fpfM+;k?kj esa tkdj gesa fdu fu;eksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg, vkSj D;ksa\

(?k) dYiuk djks fd rqe fpfM+;k?kj OksQ ekxZn'kZd gksA cPpksa dks

dkSu&dkSu ls tkuoj fn•kvksxs vkSj muosQ ckjs esa D;k&D;k

tkudkjh nksxs\ foLrkj ls crkvksA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) fuEu esa ls dkSu lk tkuoj dfork esa ugha vk;k gS\

(i) xhnM+

(iii) Hkkyw

([k) dkSu /hjs&/hjs pyrk gS\

(i) 'ksj

(iii) ck?k

(ii) 'ksj

(iv) ck?k

(ii) dNqvk

(iv) ykseM+h

(x) ^mtyh dfy* 'kCn fdl tkuoj ls tqM+k gS\

(i) xSaMk

(iii) Hkkyw

(ii) ”kscjk

(iv) rsanqvk

fpfM+;k?kj

(?k) dfork esa fdu tkuojksa dh Å¡ph cksyh crkbZ xbZ gS\

(i) ”kscjk vkSj dNqvk

(ii) Hkkyw vkSj gkFkh

(iii) 'ksj vkSj ck?k

(iv) cdjh vkSj Hkkyw

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) dfork esa 'ksj vkSj rsanq, dk mYys[k ugha gSA

([k) lk¡i •qys eSnku esa ?kwerk gqvk fn•kA

(x) dfork esa xksfjYyk fiatjs OksQ vanj FkkA

(?k) xSaMk cgqr Hkkjh gksrk gSA

4- nh xbZ dfork dh iafDRk;ka¡ iwjh djks&

(d) mtyh dfy ”kscjk /kjh]

ns•ks] fdruk HkkjhA

([k) yacw nknk] •M+k ] can fiatjs esa gS A

5- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) dfork esa ”kscjk dh D;k fo'ks"krk crkbZ xbZ gS\

([k) fpfM+;k?kj esa tkuojksa dks ns•us ls gesa D;k vuqHko gksrk gS\

(x) bl dfork ls gesa dkSu&dkSu ls tkuojksa dh pky] :i vkSj vkok”k dk irk pyrk gS\

(?k) D;k tkuojksa dks fpfM+;k?kj esa j•uk lgh gS\ viuh jk; fy[kksA

fpfM+;k?kj Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fn, x, okD;ksa esa ls loZuke 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fy•ks&

(d) ge fpfM+;k?kj x,A

([k) og ”kscjk dks ns• jgk FkkA

(x) rqe xksfjYyk dks ns•ksA

(?k) os •Ppj dks ns[k jgs FksA

(Ä) eSa lk¡i dks ns•dj Mj x;kA

2- fn, x, ,d :Ik okys 'kCnksa OksQ vusd :Ik okys 'kCn fy[kks&

(d) iRrk&

(x) ykseM+h&

3- nh xbZ igsfy;ksa osQ mRrj fy•ks&

LkkIkQ&lqFkjk eSa jgrk gw¡]

dkyk&lIksQn fn•rk gw¡A

?kkl •kuk esjk dke]

vÚhdk gS esjk /keA

eSa dkSu gw¡\

yach esjh xjnu gS]

Å¡pkbZ esa gw¡ lcls vkxsA

isM+ksa dh ifRr;k¡ •krk]

u”kj vkrk gw¡ nwj ls I;kjsA

eSa dkSu gw¡\

([k) fiatjk&

(?k) dNqvk&

taxy dk gw¡ eSa jktk]

lc eq>ls Mjrs gSaA

lqudj esjh ngkM+]

lc pqipki jgrs gSaA

eSa dkSu gw¡\

lw¡M+ gS esjh yach]

'kjhj gS esjk HkkjhA

dku gSa esjs cM+s cM+s]

iSj gSa esjs eksVs eksVsA

eSa dkSu gw¡\

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 fdlh tkuoj ij ,d igsyh cukdj fy•ksA

 vius euilan tkuoj dk ,d fp=k cukvks vkSj mlesa jax HkjksA

'ksj vkSj canj 7

ge tkusaxs

dfBu le; esa rkdr ugha] cqn~f/ dke vkrh gSA dgkuh esa 'ksj cgqr

rkdroj Fkk] fiQj Hkh og f'kdkjh ls •qn dks ugha cpk ldkA canj us

viuh cqn~f/ vkSj le>nkjh ls 'ksj dh j{kk dhA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cqn~f/ dks lcls cM+h rkdr ekuk tkrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

,d ?kus taxy esa ,d cy'kkyh 'ksj jgrk Fkk] tks fd taxy dk jktk FkkA

mldh rkdr ls lHkh tkuoj Mjrs Fks vkSj mldh >wBh ç'kalk Hkh fd;k djrs

FksA ijarq mlh taxy esa ,d cqn~f/eku canj Hkh jgrk Fkk] tks u rks 'ksj ls Mjrk

Fkk vkSj u gh mldh >wBh ç'kalk djrk FkkA

cy'kkyh& rkdroj

;g ckr 'ksj dks fcYkOkqQy ilan ugha FkhA ,d fnu 'ksj us canj dks cqyk;k vkSj iwNk] ¶taxy OksQ lkjs tkuoj esjh iz'kalk djrs gSa] rqe D;ksa ugha djrs\¸ canj us 'kkar Hkko ls mRrj fn;k] ¶egkjkt] eSa O;FkZ dh ç'kalk ugha djrkA rkdr

rks {kf.kd gksrh gS] eSa cqn~f/ dks Js"B ekurk gw¡A¸ 'ksj dks ;g ckr cgqr cqjh yxh vkSj og cksyk] ¶rkdr gh thou dk vk/kj gS] blh osQ lgkjs eSa taxy

ij jkt djrk gw¡A¸ canj us mRrj fn;k] ¶egkjkt] rkdr ls Hkys gh fdlh dks nck;k tk ldrk gS] ij cqn~f/ ls gh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku fudkyk tk ldrk gSA¸ vc nksuksa esa fookn fNM+ x;kA 'ksj rkdr dks Js"B eku jgk Fkk vkSj canj cqn~f/ dksA nksuksa vius&vius rOkZQ nsus yxs] ysfdu dksbZ fdlh dks le>k ugha ldkA

varr% canj cksyk] ¶egkjkt] ,d fnu eSa viuh cqn~f/ ls ;g fln~/ dj nw¡xk fd cqn~f/ rkdr ls dgha vf/d Js"B gksrh gSA¸ 'ksj us ?keaM ls dgk] ¶eSa ml fnu dh çrh{kk d:¡xkA¸

OkqQN lIrkg chrsA ,d fnu 'ksj f'kdkj dj viuh xqIkQk dh vksj ykSV jgk Fkk fd vpkud og iRrksa ls <OksQ ,d xgjs xM~<s esa fxj x;kA mlOksQ iSj esa pksV yx xbZ vkSj og cM+h eqf'dy ls ckgj fudykA rHkh mlus ns•k fd ,d f'kdkjh canwd rkus mlOksQ lkeus •M+k gSA

O;FkZ& csdkj_ {kf.kd& FkksM+s le; OksQ fy,_ lek/ku& gy_ fookn& >xM+k@cgl_ Js"B& lcls vPNk_ f'kdkjh& tkuojksa dks idM+us@ekjus okyk O;fDr

?kk;y 'ksj f'kdkjh dk lkeuk ugha dj ldrk FkkA rHkh vpkud f'kdkjh ij

Åij ls iRFkjksa dh ckfj'k gksus yxhA ,d cM+k iRFkj mlOksQ flj ij yxk vkSj

og ?kcjk x;kA tku cpkus OksQ fy, og rqjar Hkkx x;kA

'ksj gSjku Fkk fd mldh j{kk fdlus dhA rHkh mlus ,d isM+ ij cSBs canj dh vkok”k lquh] ¶egkjkt] vkt vkiOkQh rkdr dk D;k gqvk\ ;fn cqn~f/ u gksrh]

rks vki vkt thfor u gksrsA¸

'ksj us iwNk] ¶canj! rqe ;gk¡ OkSQls\¸ canj us eqLOkQjkdj dgk] ¶egkjkt] eSaus

OkqQN fnu igys ml f'kdkjh dks xM~<k •ksnrs ns•k FkkA rHkh le> x;k Fkk fd og vkidks i¡Qlkus okyk gSA eSaus cqn~f/ ls dke fy;k vkSj isM+ ij iRFkj bdV~Bs dj fy,] rkfd ”k:jr iM+s] rks mudk mi;ksx fd;k tk lOksQA¸

'ksj dks viuh xyrh dk ,glkl gqvkA mlus dgk] ¶canj HkkbZ] rqeus fln~/ dj fn;k fd cqn~f/ rkdr ls Js"B gksrh gSA rkdr gj le; lkFk ugha nsrh]

ysfdu cqn~f/ gj ifjfLFkfr esa dke vkrh gSA¸

ifjfLFkfr& gkyr

'ksj dk 'kjhj e”kcwr gksrk gS vkSj og cgqr rs”k nkSM+ ldrk gSA uj 'ksj

osQ xys osQ pkjksa vksj yacs vkSj ?kus cky gksrs gSa] ftUgsa ^v;ky* dgrs gSaA

'ksj dh ngkM+ cgqr nwj rd lqukbZ nsrh gSA

Jqrys[k ,glkl ç'kalk f'kdkjh vpkud xM~<k fookn Ik¡Qlkuk xqI kQk eqf'dy ifjfLFkfr

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) canj dks oSQls irk pyk fd f'kdkjh D;k djus okyk gS\

(•) dksbZ ,d mnkgj.k crkvks tgk¡ vkius cqn~f/ ls dke fy;k gksA

(x) canj us fcuk Mjs 'ksj dks lp crk;kA D;k rqeus dHkh fdlh ls lp cksyus dk lkgl fd;k gS\ viuk vuqHko crkvksA

(?k) rqEgkjs fopkj esa 'kfDr egRoiw.kZ gS ;k cqn~f/\ vius fopkj crkvksA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) 'ksj fdlls ukjk”k Fkk\

(i) canj ls

(iii) xhnM+ ls

(ii) Hkkyw ls

(iv) f'kdkjh ls

([k) canj us iRFkj dgk¡ tek fd, Fks\

(i) ”kehu ij

(iii) isM+ ij

(ii) xM~<s esa

(iv) taxy esas

(x) 'ksj dks fdlus i¡Qlkus dh dksf'k'k dh\

(i) canj us

(iii) gkFkh us

(?k) 'ksj dks pksV dgk¡ yxh Fkh\

(i) flj esa

(iii) ihB esa

(ii) f'kdkjh us

(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

(ii) iSj esa

(iv) gkFk esa

3- fn, x, okD;ksa esa 'kCn pqudj fjDr LFkku Hkjks&

iRFkj xyrh cqn~f/ ç'kalk jktk

(d) 'ksj taxy dk FkkA

([k) canj us 'ksj dh ugha dhA

(x) canj us ls dke fy;kA

(?k) canj us isM+ ij bdV~Bs fd,A

(Ä) 'ksj dks viuh dk ,glkl gqvkA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) taxy osQ lHkh tkuoj 'ksj dh >wBh iz'kalk D;ksa djrs Fks\

(•) 'ksj dks canj dh dkSu&lh ckr cqjh yxh\

(x) canj us 'ksj dks OkSQls cpk;k\

(?k) var esa 'ksj us D;k lh[k yh\

(Ä) dgkuh dk dkSu&lk fgLlk rqEgsa lcls jkspd yxk vkSj D;ksa\

Hkk"kk&Kku

fozQ;k% og 'kCn ftlls fdlh dk;Z OksQ gksus ;k djus dk irk pyrk gS] fozQ;k dgykrk gS_ tSls& i<+uk] ukpuk] cksyuk vkfnA

1- lgh fØ;k pqudj okD; iwjs djks&

IksaQdrk cSBrk ns•rk ngkM+rk

(d) 'ksj taxy esa gSA

([k) canj isM+ ij gSA

(x) og f'kdkjh dks gSA

(?k) canj iRFkj gSA

2- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa loZuke 'kCnksa ij xksyk yxkvks&

(d) og taxy dk jktk FkkA

([k) mlus canj dks cqyk;kA

(x) rqe esjh ç'kalk D;ksa ugha djrs\

(?k) eSaus f'kdkjh dks xM~<k •ksnrs ns•k FkkA

(Ä) ;fn cqn~f/ u gksrh] rks vki vkt thfor u gksrsA

3- foykse 'kCnksa dk lgh feyku djks&

(d) lcy (i) Åij

(•) fxjuk (ii) nqcZy

(x) fuMj (iii) ew•Z

(?k) cqn~f/eku (iv) Mjiksd

(Ä) uhps (v) mBuk

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 'ksj vkSj canj osQ ckjs esa irk djks vkSj mudh pkj&Pkkj fo'ks"krk,¡ fy[kks&

jsr esa Nqih feBkl 8

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB OksQ n~okjk ge rsukyhjke dh prqjkbZ vkSj le>nkjh OksQ ckjs esa

tkusaxsA lkFk gh ge ;g Hkh tkusaxs fd cqn~f/ vkSj prqjkbZ ls dfBu&ls &dfBu leL;k dk lek/ku fudkyk tk ldrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

,d fnu fot;uxj OksQ egkjkt Ñ".knso jk; vius njckj esa njckfj;ksa OksQ lkFk

cSBs FksA rHkh ,d vtuch ogk¡ vk;kA mlOksQ gkFk esa ,d erZcku FkkA mlus

fouezrk ls egkjkt dks ç.kke fd;kA

njckj& jktk dh lHkk_ vtuch& vifjfpr_ erZcku& 'kh'ks dk cjru_ fouezrk& f'k"Vkpkj_ ç.kke& ueLdkj

egkjkt us iwNk] ¶bl erZcku esa D;k gS\¸

mlus mRrj fn;k] ¶egkjkt] blesa jsr vkSj phuh dk feJ.k gSA eSaus rsukyhjke

dh cqn~f/ekuh OksQ fdLls cgqr lqus gSaA vkt eSa mudh ijh{kk ysuk pkgrk gw¡A ;s fcuk ikuh dk mi;ksx fd, jsr ls phuh dks vyx djosQ fn[kk,¡A¸

lHkh njckjh eqLdjk fn, vkSj rsukyhjke dh vksj ns•us yxsA

egkjkt us dgk] ¶rsukyh] vc rqEgkjh cqn~f/ekuh dh lPph ijh{kk gSA¸

rsukyhjke eqLdjk, vkSj cksys] ¶egkjkt] ;g rks cgqr vklku gSA¸ mUgksaus erZcku mBk;k vkSj egy OksQ cxhps dh vksj py iM+sA lcus ns•k fd rsukyhjke vke

OksQ isM+ OksQ uhps jsr vkSj phuh dk feJ.k IkSQyk jgs gSaA

feJ.k& nks ;k vf/d ph”kksa dk esy

og vtuch gSjku gksdj cksyk] ¶;g D;k dj jgs gSa vki\¸ rsukyh cksys] ¶dy lqcg bldk mRrj fey tk,xkA¸

vxys fnu tc lHkh yksx ogk¡ igq¡ps] rks ns•k fd ogk¡ flIkZQ jsr cph Fkh_ lkjh phuh xk;c!

jkr Hkj esa phafV;k¡ phuh dks pqu&pqudj vius fcyksa esa ys xbZ FkhaA ml vtuch us iwNk] ¶phuh dgk¡ xbZ\¸ rsukyh eqLdjk, vkSj cksys] ¶phuh jsr ls vyx gks

xbZA vc vxj phuh pkfg, rks phafV;ksa OksQ fcy esa tkuk iM+sxk!¸ lHkh njckjh g¡lus yxs vkSj egkjkt us rsukyhjke dh prqjkbZ dh •wc ç'kalk dhA

gSjku& vk'p;Zpfdr_ prqjkbZ& gksf'k;kjh_ ç'kalk& ljkguk] cM+kbZ

phafV;k¡ lewg esa jgus okys dhV gSaSA os cgqr NksVh ysfdu esgurh gksrh gSaSA muOksQ Ng

iSj gksrs gSa] ftuls os rs”k pyrh gSaA phafV;k¡ viuh ukd ls xa/ igpkudj jkLrk vkSj •kuk <w¡<+rh gSaA os vkil esa feydj feV~Vh ;k

ydM+h esa ?kj cukrh gSa vkSj ,d lkFk jgrh gSaA phafV;k¡ ,d&nwljs dks xa/ OksQ n~okjk jkLrk fn•krh gSaSA

Jqrys[k

njckj erZcku feJ.k cqn~f/ekuh prqjkbZ

eqLdjk, cxhpk Ñ".knso phafV;k¡ ijh{kk

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) jktk Ñ".knso jk; dgk¡ cSBs Fks\

([k) egkjkt us rsukyhjke dh fdl ckr dh ç'kalk dh\

(x) vtuch rsukyhjke dh ijh{kk D;ksa ysuk pkgrk Fkk\

(?k) D;k rqeus dHkh prqjkbZ dk izn'kZu fd;k gS\ mnkgj.k osQ lkFk crkvksA

(Ä) phafV;k¡ ges'kk ,d iafDRk esa pyrh gSa vkSj Vdjkrh ugha gSaA

vxj ge fon~;ky; esa ,sls pysa rks D;k gksxk\ vius nksLrksa ls ckr djksA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) rsukyhjke fdl jkT; OksQ njckjh Fks\

(i) dk'kh (ii) fot;uxj

(iii) mTtSu (iv) gSnjkckn

([k) njckjh erZcku esa D;k ysdj vk;k Fkk\

(i) jsr vkSj ikuh

(iii) xsgw¡ vkSj jsr

(x) phuh fdlus pquh\

(i) egkjkt us

(iii) njckjh us

(ii) jsr vkSj phuh

(iv) ikuh vkSj jsr

(ii) phafV;ksa us

(iv) rsukyhjke us

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) rsukyhjke egkjkt vdcj OksQ njckj esa FksA

([k) njckjh rsukyhjke dh ijh{kk ysus OksQ fy, feJ.k yk;k FkkA

(x) rsukyhjke us feJ.k dks vyx djus OksQ fy, ikuh dk ç;ksx fd;kA

(?k) jkr Hkj esa phfV;k¡ phuh •k xbZaaA

(Ä) egkjkt us rsukyhjke dh prqjkbZ dh ç'kalk dhA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) vtuch us egkjkt OksQ lkeus D;k ek¡x j•h\

([k) vxyh lqcg njckfj;ksa us cxhps esa D;k ns•k\

(x) rsukyhjke us leL;k dks OkSQls gy fd;k\

(?k) ;fn rqEgsa jsr vkSj phuh dks vyx djuk gks] rks OkSQls djksxs\

(Ä) bl dgkuh ls gesa D;k lh[k feyrh gS\

1- fn, x, okD;ksa esa ls fØ;k 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fy•kss&

(d) rsukyhjke g¡l jgs gSaA

([k) rsukyhjke ogk¡ ls py iM+sA

(x) jktk us rsukyhjke ls dgkA

(?k) ea=kh rsukyhjke dh vksj ns[kus yxsA

2- fn, x, 'kCnksa OksQ foykse 'kCn fy•ks&

(d) vklku &

(x) lqcg &

(Ä) cSBuk &

([k) fnu &

(?k) •q'k &

(p) Åij &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 phaVh dh rjg OkqQN vkSj Hkh dhV gksrs gSa] ftUgsa rqe vius vkl&ikl

ns•rs gksA muOksQ ckjs esa ;gk¡ tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA muOksQ uke fy•kss&

;s Hkh lewg esa jgrh gSa vkSj NRrk cukdj mlesa jgrh gSaA ;s

IkwQyksa ls jl (ijkx) bdV~Bk djOksQ 'kgn cukrh gSaA

;s Hkh feV~Vh vkSj ydM+h esa ?kj cukrhs gSaA cgqr esgurh gksrhs gSa vkSj ydM+h •krhs gSaA ”;knkrj ;s ?kjksa esa uqdlku dj nsrhs gSaA

;g mM+us okyk dhV gSA jkr esa ”;knk lfØ; gksrk gSA blosQ

dkVus ij •qtyh gksrh gS vkSj ;g chekfj;k¡ IkSQyk ldrk gSA

gyOksQ ia•ksa okyh jax&fcjaxh gksrh gSA IkwQyksa dk jl ihrh gSA

blOksQ thou pØ esa vaMk] ykokZ vkSj I;wik 'kkfey gksrs gSaA

cgqr NksVh vkSj mM+us okyh gksrh gSA xanxh ij cSBrh gSA ;g

chekfj;k¡ IkSQyk ldrh gSA ;g mM+dj gj txg igq¡p tkrh gSA

frryh vkSj ehjk dh mM+ku

ge tkusaxs

ge frryh vkSj mlosQ thou pozQ osQ ckjs esa tkusaxsA lkFk gh ;g Hkh

le>saxs fd fdlh ubZ txg ij <yus osQ fy, vkRefo'okl vkSj nksLrksa dk lkFk vko';d gksrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

^^cPpks! ge frryh&ckx tk jgs gSaA** fLerk nhnh dh vkok”k xw¡t mBhA lHkh

cPps mRlkg ls Hkjdj vkSj ,d&nwljs dk gkFk idM+dj iafDr esa yx x,]

ysfdu ,d cPph FkksM+h nwjh ij vOksQyh •M+h Fkh& ehjkA og 'kkar Fkh] ij

mldh vk¡•ksa esa ,d vyx izdkj dh ped FkhA /hjs&/hjs djosQ lHkh cPps

cl esa p<+ x,A

mRlkg& •q'kh vkSj tks'k

frryh vkSj ehjk dh mM+ku

pyrs&pyrs fLerk nhnh us iwNk] ^^cPpks] bfYy;k¡ cM+h gksdj D;k curh gSa\¸

ehjk dk fny ”kksj&”kksj ls /M+dus yxkA og mRrj tkurh Fkh] ysfdu f>>d

jgh FkhA ^vxj dksbZ g¡l iM+k rks-----\* mlus lkspkA

ehjk OkqQN fnu igys gh vius ekrk&firk OksQ lkFk xk¡o ls 'kgj vkbZ FkhA xk¡o

OksQ •qys vkleku vkSj 'kkar okrkoj.k dh ;kn mls izfrfnu vkrh FkhA ehjk us

'kgj OksQ LOkwQy esa vkuk 'kq: rks dj fn;k Fkk] ysfdu fdlh ls ckr djus dk

lkgl vc rd ugha gqvk FkkA mls Mj Fkk fd mlOksQ cksyus OksQ rjhOksQ ij dksbZ

g¡l u nsA

ij vkt irk ugha D;ksa] mlesa fgEer vk xbZA mlus /hjs&ls gkFk mBk;k vkSj

cksyh] ^^bfYy;k¡ cM+h gksdj frryh cu tkrh gSaA**

fLerk nhnh eqLOkQjkbZaA ^^fcyOkqQy lgh tokc!** &mUgksaus dgkA ehjk dk psgjk f•y mBkA og vkxs cksyh] ^^bfYy;k¡ OkqQN gÝ rksa rd iRrs •krh

gSaA tc os eksVh gks tkrh gSa] rks ikS/s dh Vguh ij ,d •ksy cuk ysrh gSaA mls

^dOkwQu* dgrs gSaA mlh •ksy OksQ vanj os lksrh gSa--- vkSj fiQj frryh cudj ckgj vkrh gSaA** lHkh cPps ehjk dh ckr è;ku ls lqu jgs FksA

f>>d& fgpfdpkgV_ izfrfnu& jksT+k] gj fnu_ lkgl& fgEEkr

^^ge frryh&ckx igq¡p x,!** &cl OksQ jQdus ij lksuw us •q'k gksdj dgkA ckx frrfy;ksa ls Hkjk Fkk& uhyh] ihyh] ukjaxh] dkyh vkSj lIksQn frrfy;k¡

IkwQyksa OksQ pkjksa vksj mM+ jgh FkhaA bu jaxhu frrfy;ksa OksQ jax ns•dj ehjk dks viuk xk¡o ;kn vk x;k& ihyh ljlksa OksQ •sr] uhyk vkleku] dkys ckny vkSj /wi esa pedrh /jrhA fLerk nhnh us crk;k] ^^gj lky g”kkjksa fdyksehVj nwj

ls mM+dj frrfy;k¡ ;gk¡ vkrh gSaA bl ;k=kk dks ^çokl* dgk tkrk gSA

mUgsa ;gk¡ vPNk ekSle] IkwQyksa dk jl vkSj vaMs nsus dh lqjf{kr txg feyrh

gSA** ,d cPps us iwNk] ^^D;k bruh yach mM+ku ls os Fkdrh ugha\**

ehjk us mRRkj fn;k] ^^vxj gok rs”k gks rks mUgsa ia• ugha iQM+iQM+kus iM+rsA os ia• iSQykdj gok esa rSjrh gqbZ vkxs c<+rh gSaA**

lksuw us /hjs&ls dgk] ^^rks fiQj mUgsa gok esa >VOksQ yxrs gksaxs\** ehjk dks viuh

;k=kk ;kn vk xbZ] tc og xk¡o ls 'kgj vkbZ FkhA cl esa HkhM+] lkeku vkSj gj

eksM+ ij yxrs >VOksQ--- ^'kk;n frrfy;k¡ Hkh ,slk gh vuqHko djrh gksaA* mlus

eu&gh&eu lkspkA

çokl& ,d txg ls nwljh txg tkuk_ lqjf{kr& tgk¡ dksbZ •rjk u gks_ ;k=kk& lIkQj_ vuqHko& eglwl djuk

frryh vkSj ehjk dh mM+ku

rHkh fLerk nhnh us dgk] ^^ehjk] rqEgsa frrfy;ksa OksQ ckjs esa cgqr tkudkjh gSA**

ehjk us /hjs&ls dgk] ¶gekjs xk¡o esa cgqr lkjh frrfy;k¡ FkhaA esjs nknk th eq>s

frrfy;ksa OksQ ckjs esa cgqr tkudkjh nsrs FksA¸ lksuw us mRlqdrk ls iwNk] ^^rqEgsa frrfy;k¡ D;ksa ilan gSa\

ehjk us tokc fn;k] ^^muOksQ ia•ksa ij jax&fcjaxh vkOk`Qfr;k¡ gksrh gSaµ xksy&xksy /kfj;k¡ vkSj pedrs /CcsA os IkwQyksa dk jl ihrh gSaA ;s ,d IkwQy ls nwljs rd

ijkx ys tkdj u, IkwQyksaa esa tku Mkyrh gSaA**

og #ddj cksyh] ^^os cgqr nwj rd mM+rh gSa] ysfdu tgk¡ tkrh gSa] ogk¡ nksLr

cuk ysrh gSaA os cgqr NksVh gksrh gSa] ij cgqr cgknqj gksrh gSaA**

fLerk nhnh eqLoQjkbZa vkSj cksyha] ^^fcyOkqQy rqEgkjh rjg] ehjkA**

ehjk dh vk¡•sa ped mBhaA mlOksQ psgjs ij eqLdku frryh OksQ •qys ia•ksa dh

rjg iSQy xbZA

vkOk`Qfr;k¡& :i@vkdkj

frrfy;k¡ viuh iSjksa ls Lokn p•rh gaSA

frrfy;ksa dh Vk¡xksa ij

NksVs&NksVs laosnd gksrs gSa] ftuls os irk yxkrh gSa fd dkSu&ls

IkwQy esa ehBk jl gSA

Jqrys[k

frryh ia• bfYy;k¡ dOkwQu ckx

eqLdku xk¡o f>>d mM+ku nksLr

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) ehjk fdlOksQ lkFk 'kgj vkbZ Fkh\

([k) frryh cuus ls igys ^bYyh* D;k cukrh gS\

(x) ehjk us frrfy;ksa dh dkSu&dkSu lh •wfc;k¡ crkbZaa\

(?k) vxj rqEgsa fdlh iz'u dk mRRkj irk gks] ysfdu cksyus esa Mj yxs] rks rqe D;k djksxs\

(Ä) vxj dksbZ cPpk ubZ txg esa vOksQyk gks] rks rqe mldh fdl rjg lgk;rk dj ldrs gks\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) cPps fdl txg tk jgs Fks\

(i) fpfM+;k?kj

(ii) frryh&ckx

(iii) vtk;c?kj (iv) xksy?kj

frryh vkSj ehjk dh mM+ku

([k) ehjk fdldh ckr lqudj mRrj nsus yxh\

(i) lksuw dh

(ii) fLerk nhnh dh

(iii) cl Mªkboj dh (iv) eksuw dh

(x) ^dOkwQu* ls D;k fudyrk gS\

(i) bYyh

(ii) IkwQy

(iii) frryh (iv) iQy

(?k) frrfy;k¡ ijkx OkSQls iSQykrh gSa\

(i) mM+dj

(ii) iRrs pckdj

(iii) pydj (iv) xkdj

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) ehjk 'kgj esa iSnk gqbZ FkhA

([k) ^dOkwQu* frryh dk vaMk gksrk gSA

(x) lksuw vkSj ehjk us nksLrh dhA

(?k) frrfy;ksa dks ns•dj ehjk dks xk¡o dh ;kn vkbZA

(Ä) frrfy;k¡ mM+us OksQ fy, ges'kk ia• iQM+iQM+krh gSaA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) frryh&ckx esa cPpksa us D;k ns•k\

([k) ehjk dks 'kgj OkSQlk yxrk Fkk vkSj D;ksa\

(x) ehjk dh f>>d OkSQls nwj gqbZ\

(?k) frryh OksQ thou&pØ OksQ pkjksa pj.kksa dks fy[kksA

(Ä) frrfy;ksa dh rhu fo'ks"krk,¡ fy[kksA

1- mfpr loZuke pqudj [kkyh LFkku Hkjks& ;s os mUgksaus og mUgsa

(d) Mj jgh Fkh] ysfdu mlus fgEer dhA

([k) ,d&nwljs dk gkFk idM+k FkkA

(x) frryh&ckx tk jgs FksA

(?k) nhnh ysdj frryh&ckx tk jgh FkhA

2- frryh vkSj vius fe=k@lgsyh OksQ fy, nks&nks fo'ks"k.k 'kCn fy•ks&

frryh fe=k@lgsyh

3- fn, x, 'kCnksa OksQ fyax cnydj fy•ks&

(d) nhnh &

(x) ekrk &

(Ä) csVk &

([k) yM+dk &

(?k) cgu &

4- fn, x, 'kCnksa OksQ mfpr L=khfyax ij xksyk yxkvks&

(d) nknk nhnh nknh

(•) pkpk ekeh pkph

(x) ys[kd dfo ysf•dk

(?k) cSy xk; HkSal

(Ä) f'k{kd vè;kid f'kf{kdk

frryh vkSj ehjk dh mM+ku

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 nh xbZ txg esa frryh dk thou&pozQ cukvks&

 frryh dk fp=k cukdj mlesa jax Hkjks&

fpfM ;k vkSj canj

vkvks i<a+s

,d ?kuk taxy FkkA mlesa vke dk ,d isM+ FkkA ml isM+ dh Mky ij ,d NksVh

xkSjS;k jgrh FkhA mlus isM+ ij frudk&frudk tksM+dj viuk ?kksalyk cuk;k FkkA

,d fnu cgqr rs”k ckfj'k gksus yxhA iwjk taxy ikuh ls Hkj x;kA mlh isM+ OksQ

ikl ,d canj vkdj cSB x;kA og iwjh rjg Hkhx pqdk Fkk vkSj BaM ls dk¡i

jgk FkkA

fpfM+;k vkSj

xkSjS;k us canj dks Hkhxrs ns•k] rks mls n;k vk xbZA og cksyh] ^^rqe rks rkdroj

vkSj prqj tkuoj yxrs gksA rqeus dHkh vius fy, ,d ?kj D;ksa ugha cuk;k\

vxj rqEgkjk ?kj gksrk] rks vkt rqe ;w¡ BaM vkSj ckfj'k esa ugha HkhxrsA**

xkSjS;k dh ;g lykg canj dks cgqr cqjh yxhA mlus xqLls esa dgk] ^^pqi jgks

vkSj viuh pksap can j•ks! fcuk ek¡xs fdlh dks lykg nsuk Bhd ugha gSA**

xkSjS;k fiQj Hkh 'kkafriwoZd mls le>krh jgh] ^^eSa flIkZQ rqEgkjh HkykbZ pkgrh gw¡A**

canj dk xqLlk vkSj c<+ x;kA og mlosQ ?kksalys osQ ikl x;k vkSj xqLls esa mldk ?kksalyk rksM+dj uhps isaQd fn;kA

xkSjS;k dk ?kksalyk VwV x;kA og ijs'kku gks xbZ] ysfdu mlus fgEer ugha gkjhA

oqQN fnuksa ckn mlus viuk u;k ?kksalyk cuk fy;kA bl dke esa vU; if{k;ksa us Hkh mldh enn dhA mlus le> fy;k fd fdlh dks fcuk ek¡xs lykg nsuk

mfpr ughaA

ge tkusaxs

esyk OksQoy •syus vkSj •kus dk gh LFkku ugha gksrk] cfYd ;g esy&tksy]

•qf'k;k¡ ck¡Vus vkSj u, vuqHkoksa dk Hkh volj gksrk gSA ;g dfork

jax&fcjaxh nqdkuksa] >wyksa] feBkb;ksa vkSj vutku yksxksa ls feyus dh •q'kh dks lqanj <ax ls fn•krh gSA

vkvks i<a+s

lcdks •wc yqHkkrk esyk]

lcdk eu gjlkrk esykA

rjg&rjg dh lth nqdkusa]

ljdl fn•rk racw rkus]

Hkksaiw esa ctrs gSa xkus]

yksx feysa tkus&vutkus]

lcdk esy djkrk esyk]

lcdk eu gjlkrk esykA

yqHkkrk& cgqr vPNk yxrk_ gjlkrk& •q'kh nsrk_ racw& diM+s dk cuk cM+k <k¡pk_ Hkksaiw& ekbd tSlk ;a=k ftlesa vkok”k vkrh gS_ esy& feyuk&tqyuk

esys esa gSa pdjh&>wys]

cPps ?kwers IkwQys&IkwQys]

rjg&rjg OksQ •sy&f•ykSus]

xqM~Ms&xqfM+;k cM+s lyksus]

ubZ meaxas ykrk esyk]

lcdk eu gjlkrk esykA

feyrs pkV] idkSM+h] Mkslk]

yM~Mw] cjIkQh vkSj lekslk]

dgha tysch] dgha eykbZ]

•krha cgusa] •krs HkkbZ]

lcdks •wc f•ykrk esyk]

lcdk eu gjlkrk esykA

&vt; fxfj

pdjh&>wys& xksy ?kweus okyk >wyk_ lyksus& lqanj@I;kjs_ meaxas& •q'kh@mRlkg

Hkkjr esa dbZ rjg OksQ esys yxrs gSa_ tSls& OkqaQHk esyk]

iq"dj esyk] lwjtOkqaQM f'kYi esyk vkfnA ;s esys vDlj R;ksgkjksa] IkQlyksa dh dVkbZ ;k /kfeZd voljksa ij yxrs gSaA esyk OksQoy euksjatu dk LFkku gh ugha gksrk] cfYd yksd&laLÑfr vkSj esy&tksy dk Hkh mRlo gksrk gSA

Jqrys[k

yqHkkrk gjlkrk racw Hkksaiw pdjh

xqfM+;k meaxsa lekslk tysch eykbZ

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) esys esa rqEgsa lcls ”;knk D;k vPNk yxrk gS\

([k) esyk ^ubZ meaxas* OkSQls ykrk gS\ le>kvksA

(x) vxj rqe esyk yxkrs] rks mlesa cPpksa OksQ fy, D;k&D;k gksrk\

(?k) esyk lHkh dk esy djkrk gSA ,sls vkSj dkSu&dkSu ls volj gks

ldrs gSa] tgk¡ yksx feydj vkuaniwoZd le; fcrk losaQ\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) esyk lcls ”;knk fdls yqHkkrk gS\

(i) cPpksa dks

(ii) cM+ksa dks

(iii) nqdkunkjksa dks (iv) lcdkss

([k) dfork esa dkSu&lh feBkbZ ugha vkbZ gS\

(i) tysch

(ii) yM~Mw

(ii) jlxqYyk (iv) cjIkQh

(x) Hkksaiw esa D;k ctrk gS\

(i) ukVd

(iii) lhVh

(ii) dgkuh

(iv) xkus

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) pdjh&>wys ij OksQoy cM+s yksx >wyrs gSaA

([k) esyk yksxksa dks ,d&nwljs ls feykrk gSA

(x) esys esa dksbZ •sy&rek'kk ugha gksrkA

(?k) esys esa pkV&idkSM+h feyrs gSaA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) dfork esa dkSu&dkSu lh feBkb;ksa OksQ uke vk, gSa\

(•) esys esa cPps lcls ”;knk D;k ilan djrs gSa\

(x) ^lcdk esy djkrk esyk*& bl iafDr dk D;k vFkZ gS\

(?k) vxj esys esa dksbZ •ks tk, rks mUgsa D;k djuk pkfg,\

(Ä) esys esa ge lkIkQ&lIkQkbZ dk è;ku oSQls j[k ldrs gSa\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- okD;ksa esa vk, ukeokys 'kCn (laKk) vkSj mudh fo'ks"krk crkus okys 'kCn (fo'ks"k.k) Nk¡Vdj fy[kks&

(d) cPps jax&fcjaxh nqdkuksa ls feBkbZ •jhnrs gSaA

laKk fo'ks"k.k

([k) esys esa OkqQjOkqQjh tysfc;k¡ vkSj Lokfn"V idkSfM+;k¡ feyrh gSaA

laKk

fo'ks"k.k

(x) cPps Å¡ps >wyksa ij g¡lrs gq, >wy jgs FksA

laKk

fo'ks"k.k

(?k) lM+d OksQ fdukjs lqanj f•ykSus fcd jgs FksA

laKk

fo'ks"k.k

eqgkojk% ,slk 'kCn&lewg tks fo'ks"k vFkZ izdV djs] eqgkojk dgykrk gS_ tSls& ^vk¡• dk rkjk* ,d eqgkojk gS] ftldk vFkZ gS& cgqr I;kjkA

2- fn, x, eqgkojs dk vFkZ fy•ks vkSj okD; cukvks&

eu gjlkuk &

3- fn, x, 'kCnksa OksQ rqdkar 'kCn dfork esa ls •kstdj fy•ks&

(d) nqdkusa&

([k) >wys & (x) lekslk&

(Ä) f•ykSus&

(?k) eykbZ&

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 >wys osQ fp=k esa jax HkjksA

dsjy dh lSj 12

ge tkusaxs

bl ikB OksQ n~okjk ge OksQjy dh çkÑfrd lqanjrk] laLÑfr] ijaijkvksa]

Hkkstu vkSj pk; OksQ ckxkuksa OksQ ckjs esa tkusaxsA lkFk gh] ge i=k fy•us OksQ

<ax vkSj mlOksQ egRo dks Hkh le>saxsA

vkvks i<a+s

fnYyh

18 vxLr] 202x

fç; fe=k jksgu]

ueLrsA

vk'kk gS fd rqe vkSj rqEgkjs ifjokj esa lHkh LoLFk vkSj çlUu gksaxsA vkt eSa

rqEgsa viuh OksQjy ;k=kk osQ ckjs esa crk jgk gw¡] tks eSaus xjeh dh NqV~fV;ksa esa dh

FkhA nf{k.k Hkkjr dh ;g esjh igyh ;k=kk FkhA OksQjy Hkkjr dk ,d gjk&Hkjk vkSj lkaLÑfrd n`f"V ls le`n~/ jkT; gSA ge lcls igys dksphu igq¡psA ;g ,d rVh; 'kgj gS] ftls ^vjc lkxj dk jRu* dgk tkrk gSA ogk¡ eSaus igyh ckj leqæ ns•kA ygjsa fdukjs ls Vdjk jgh FkhaA

lkaLÑfrd& jhfr&fjok”k ls lacaf/r_ n`f"V& u”kj_ le`n~/& /uh_ rVh;& leqæ OksQ fdukjs

geus ogk¡ eNyh OksQ iqjkus tky Hkh ns•sA uko dh lokjh djuk esjs fy, lcls

jksekapd vuqHko FkkA uko ygjksa ij Åij&uhps fgy jgh FkhA jsr ij pyuk vkSj

ukfj;y ikuh ihuk gesa cgqr vPNk yxkA

fiQj ge eqUukj x,] tks ,d igkM+h {ks=k gSA ogk¡

dk okrkoj.k BaMk jgrk gSA ogk¡ gjs&Hkjs pk;

OksQ ckxku FksA geus pk; dk dkj[kkuk Hkh ns[kk

vkSj rk”kh pk; OksQ Lokn vkSj •q'kcw dk

vkuan fy;kA

blOksQ ckn ge FksDdMh x,A ogk¡ isfj;kj >hy esa ukSdk fogkj fd;kA taxy OksQ chp ls

xq”kjrh >hy esa uko dh lokjh djuk gekjs

fy, cgqr 'kkunkj vkSj lqanj vuqHko FkkA geus ogk¡ fgju] gkFkh vkSj jax&fcjaxs i{kh Hkh ns•sA

jksekapd& mRlkg ;k lkgl ls Hkjk_ ukSdk fogkj& uko esa lSj djuk

'kke dks OksQjy dFkdyh OksaQæ esa geus

dFkdyh u`R; Hkh ns•kA dykdkjksa us jax&fcjaxs

oL=k igus Fks vkSj muOksQ psgjs OksQ Hkko

vkSj b'kkjksa ls iwjh dgkuh le> esa vk

jgh FkhA

ogk¡ •kus esa lcls e”ksnkj ckr Fkh] OksQys

OksQ iRrs ij ijkslk x;k ikjaifjd Hkkstu& pkoy] lkaHkj] vfo;y] Fkksju] ikiM+ vkSj

ik;leA

•kus OksQ ckn ukfj;y dk rk”kk ikuh ihuk cgqr vPNk yxkA ogk¡ OksQ yksx cgqr

vPNs vkSj ennxkj FksA eq>s OksQjy dh lqanjrk vkSj 'kkafr cgqr ilan vkbZA rqe Hkh vo'; ogk¡ tkukA

vc i=k lekIr djrk gw¡wA

rqEgkjk fe=k]

vfouk'k

ikjaifjd& iqjkus ”kekus ls pyk vk jgkA

i=k ,d ,slk ekè;e gS] ftlOksQ n~okjk ge viuh ckr nwljksa rd fy•dj igq¡pkrs gSaA ge i=k vius nksLrksa] ekrk&firk ;k f'k{kdksa vkfn dks fy•rs gSaA i=k esa ge vius gky&pky] fdlh ;k=kk dk vuqHko ;k dksbZ •kl ckr lk>k djrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

ikjaifjd ukSdk fogkj lkaLÑfrd leqæ jksekapd

rVh; ;k=kk dFkdyh ckxku ukfj;y

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) vfouk'k us xjfe;ksa dh NqV~fV;k¡ dgk¡ fcrkbZ\

([k) uko dh lokjh djrs le; vfouk'k dk vuqHko OkSQlk Fkk\

(x) OksQjy OksQ ikjaifjd Hkkstu esa D;k&D;k ijkslk tkrk gS\

(?k) OksQjy viuh lqanjrk vkSj ijaijkvksa OksQ fy, çfln~/ gSA rqEgkjk

jkT; fdl ckr OksQ fy, çfln~/ gS\

(Ä) i=k vkSj bZesy esa D;k&D;k varj gSa\ lkspdj crkvksA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) vfouk'k us osQjy dh ;k=kk dc dh\

(i) ljfn;ksa esa

(iii) cjlkr esa

(ii) xjfe;ksa esa

(iv) olar esa

([k) dksphu dks vkSj D;k dgk tkrk gS\

(i) Hkkjr dk fny

(iii) leqæ dh jkuh

(ii) vjc lkxj dk jRu

(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

(x) eqUukj esa vfouk'k dks fdldh •q'kcw vkbZ\

(i) b=k dh

(iii) IkwQyksa dh

(ii) pk; dh

(iv) panu dh

(?k) OksQjy dk izfln~/ u`R; dkSu&lk gS\

(i) Hkk¡xM+k (ii) HkjrukV~;e

(iii) fcgw (iv) dFkdyh

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj v/wjs okD; iwjs djks&

i{kh igkM+h ennxkj jksekapd

(d) vfouk'k OksQ fy, uko dh lokjh lcls vuqHko FkkA

([k) vfouk'k fiQj eqUukj x;k] tks ,d {ks=k gSA

(x) vfouk'k us fgju] gkFkh vkSj jax&fcjaxs Hkh ns•sA

(?k) OksQjy OksQ yksx cgqr vPNs vkSj FksA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) FksDdMh dh ;k=kk esa vfouk'k us D;k&D;k ns•k\

(•) dFkdyh u`R; OksQ ckjs esa vfouk'k OksQ fopkj fy•ksA

(x) bl i=k ls OksQjy OksQ ckjs esa rqEgsa D;k&D;k tkudkjh feyh\

dksbZ nks fy[kksA

(?k) vxj rqEgsa i=k fy•uk gks] rks rqe fdls vkSj fdl ckjs esa fy•ksxs\

(Ä) dYiuk djks fd rqe uko esa cSBs gks vkSj vpkud ckfj'k vk

tk,] rks rqe vius cpko OksQ fy, D;k djksxs\

Hkk"kk&Kku

dky% fozQ;k osQ ftl :Ik ls mlosQ gksus osQ le; dk irk pyrk gS] mls

dky dgrs gSa_ tSls&

vfouk'k us [kkuk [kk;kA (;g Hkwr dky gSA)

vfouk'k [kkuk [kk jgk gSA (;g orZeku dky gSA)

vfouk'k [kkuk [kk,xk A (;g Hkfo";r~ dky gSA)

1- fn, x, okD;ksa esa vk, dky igpkudj fy•ks&

(d) geus dFkdyh u`R; ns•k FkkA

([k) rqe Hkh ogk¡ ”k:j tkvksxsA

(x) eq>s ukfj;y ikuh ihdj cgqr vPNk yxk FkkA

(?k) eSa rqEgsa viuh ;k=kk OksQ ckjs esa crk jgk gw¡A

2- fn, x, okD;ksa esa vk, loZuke vkSj fozQ;k 'kCnksa ij xksyk yxkvks&

(d) eSa rqEgsa i=k fy[k jgk gw¡A

([k) ge lcls igys dksphu igq¡psA

(x) ogk¡ eSaus igyh ckj leqæ ns•kA

(?k) rqe Hkh ”k:j ogk¡ tkukA

3- 'kCn&yM+h cukvks_ tSls OksQjy esa vafre o.kZ ^y* gS rks vxyh dM+h esa

^y* ls ^yack* fy•k gSA vc rqe bl 'kCn&yM+h dks iwjk djks&

OksQjy yack

4- fn, x, 'kCnksa OksQ nks&nks i;kZ;okph 'kCn pqudj fy•ks&

lkxj tyf/ jfo fnudj •kuk vkgkj rky ljksoj

(d) lwjt &

([k) >hy &

(x) leqæ &

(?k) Hkkstu &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 vius jkT; osQ vuqlkj ikjaifjd Fkkyh cukvksA

funZs'k& vius jkT; dh ikjaifjd Fkkyh dh ,d fp=k cukvksA

Fkkyh esa tks&tks O;atu ijksls tkrs gSa] mUgsa jaxksa OksQ lkFk lqanj rjhOksQ

ls fn•kvksA gj O;atu dk uke Hkh fy•ksA

tSls& mRRkj çns'k OksQ fy,& iwjh] dpkSM+h] vkyw dh lC”kh] nky]

pkoy] cw¡nh dk jk;rk] vpkj] xqykctkequ vkfnA

IysV OksQ uhps vius jkT; dk uke vkSj ^esjh Fkkyh* Hkh fy•ksA

jkT; Fkkyh

fdVh phaVh

ge tkusaxs

vkil esa yM+uk&>xM+uk Bhd ugha gksrkA bldk IkQk;nk dksbZ vkSj mBk ysrk

gSA bl ikB ls ge esgur vkSj fey&tqydj dke djus OksQ egRo dks Hkh

le>saxsA

vkvks i<a+s

,d phaVh FkhA mldk uke fdVh FkkA og cgqr ifjJeh FkhA og ,d fcy esa

jgrh FkhA mlOksQ lkFk vkSj Hkh phafV;k¡ FkhaA lc phafV;k¡ fey&tqydj jgrha

vkSj [kwc esgur djrh FkhaA fdVh phafV;ksa dh jkuh FkhA

ifjJeh& esgurh

,d fnu fdVh vius fcy ls ckgj fudyhA ckgj nks fcfYy;k¡ vkil esa yM+ jgh

FkhaA mUgsa yM+rk ns[kdj fdVh us muls iwNk] ^^vjs! Rkqe yksx D;ksa yM+ jgh gks\**

dkyh fcYyh cksyh] ^^;g jksVh esjh gSA ;g iwjh jksVh eq>s pkfg,A**

Hkwjh fcYyh cksyh] ^^jksVh igys eSaus ns[kh gS] blfy, ;g jksVh esjh gSA**

dkyh fcYyh cksyh] ^^ns[kus ls D;k gksrk gS\ jksVh dks igys eSaus mBk;k Fkk] blfy, jksVh esjh gSA**

dkyh fcYyh xqLls esa cksyh] ^^cM+h vkbZ mBkus okyh! jksVh esjh gS----------A**

fdVh us le>k;k] ^^yM+uk&>xM+uk Bhd ugha gksrkA rqe jksVh vkil esa

vk/h&vk/h ck¡V yksA**

Hkwjh fcYyh ukjk”k gks xbZA mlus xqLls esa dgk] ^^rqe ;gk¡ ls pyh tkvksA ;g jksVh esjh gSA** fiQj nksuksa vkil esa yM+us yxhaA yM+us OksQ pDdj esa jksVh ij ls mudk è;ku gV x;kA blh chp isM+ ij cSBk canj vk;k vkSj jksVh ysdj Hkkx

x;kA

b/j nksuksa fcfYy;k¡ yM+ jgh Fkha vkSj m/j canj isM+ ij cSBdj e”ks ls jksVh

[kk jgk FkkA

;g ns[kdj fdVh ogk¡ ls pyh xbZA OkqQN nwj pyrs gh mls ,d feBkbZ dk

VqdM+k feykA Okg nkSM+dj fcYk OksQ ikl xbZ vkSj lHkh phafV;ksa dks cqyk ykbZA

lHkh phafV;k¡ mlOksQ ihNs&ihNs pyrs gq, vkbZaA 'kh?kz gh lHkh phafV;k¡ ml feBkbZ

OksQ VqdM+s OksQ ikl igq¡p xbZA feBkbZ dk VqdM+k ns[krs gh lc [kq'k gks xbZA

,d phaVh us dgk] ^^;g rks cgqr cM+k gSA yxrk gS] dksbZ igkM+ gSA bls ge

lcdks feydj mBkuk gksxkA**

fdVh cksyh] ^^rqe Bhd dgrh gksA blls igys fd dksbZ vk tk,] gesa rqjar bls

ysdj vius ?kj pyuk gksxkA ogk¡ ge lc feydj nkor djsaxsA**

lHkh phafV;k¡ [kq'k gks xbZA mUgksaus feydj ”kksj yxk;k vkSj mls f[kldkus yxhaA

/hjs&/hjs os mls f[kldkrs gq, fcy dh vksj ys tkus yxhaA

'kh?kz& tYnh_ rqjar& IkQkSju@tYnh_ nkor& Hkkst@ikVhZ_ ”kksj& cy@rkdr

rHkh jkLrs esa mUgsa ogh nksuksa fcfYy;k¡ feyhaA bruh lkjh phafV;ksa vkSj feBkbZ OksQ

NksVs VqdM+s dks ns[kdj nksuksa fcfYy;k¡ Bgkdk ekjdj g¡lus yxhaA

dkyh fcYyh cksyh] ^^feBkbZ dk bruk NksVk VqdM+k vkSj bruh lkjh phafV;k¡! dkSu&dkSu [kk,xk bls\**

fdVh cksyh] ^^rqe gekjh fpark NksM+ksA ge lc fey&ck¡Vdj [kk ysaxhaA rqe viuh

jksVh dh fIkQØ djksA**

jksVh dk uke lqudj nksuksa fcfYy;k¡ f[kfl;k xbZA

dkyh fcYYkh cksyh] ^^gekjh jksVh rks canj ysdj Hkkx x;kA**

fdVh us dgk] ^^vxj rqe nksuksa us esjh ckr eku yh gksrh] rks rqe Hkh viuh

jksVh fey&ck¡Vdj [kk jgh gksrhaA**

fdVh dh ckr lqudj nksuksa fcfYy;ksa us flj >qdk fy;kA lHkh phafV;k¡ feBkbZ

dk VqdM+k ysdj fcy esa pyh xbZA ml jkr lHkh phafV;ksa us tedj nkor dk

e”kk fy;kA

fpark& fiQØ_ f[kfl;kuk& 'kjekuk

fdVh phaVh

phaVh ,d NksVk tho gksrh gSA ;g gj txg ikbZ tkrh gSA rqeus bls vius

?kj esa Hkh ”k:j ns[kk gksxkA ;g vius o”ku dk 20 xquk Hkkj mBk ldrh gSA

phafV;k¡ ges'kk drkj esa pyrh gSaA os xa/ ls ,d&nwljs dk irk yxk ysrh gSaA

Jqrys[k

ifjJeh esgur vkil ukjk”k

feBkbZ Bgkdk igkM fpark

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) phaVh dk D;k uke Fkk\

([k) fcfYy;ksa dks D;k feyk Fkk\

(x) fdVh dks jkLrs esa D;k feyk\

(?k) D;k rqEgsa irk gS fd jksVh OkSQls curh gS\ bl ij d{kk esa ppkZ

djksA

(Ä) gesa vkil esa D;ksa ugha yM+uk pkfg,\ dkj.k lfgr crkvksA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) phaVh OkSQlh Fkh\

(i) ifjJeh (ii) vkylh

(iii) ?keaMh (iv) ew[kZ

([k) fdruh fcfYy;k¡ yM+ jgh Fkha\

(i) ,d

(iii) rhu

(ii) nks

(iv) pkj

(x) ^cM+h vkbZ mBkus okyh*& ;g okD; fdlus dgk\

(i) fdVh us

(iii) dkyh fcYyh us

(?k) jksVh dkSu ys x;k\

(i) dkSvk

(iii) phaVh

(ii) Hkwjh fcYyh us

(iv) canj us

(ii) canj

(iv) fcYYkh

(Ä) feBkbZ osQ NksVs VqdM+s ns[kdj dkSu g¡lus yxk\

(i) nksuksa fcfYy;k¡

(iii) isM+ ij cSBk canj

(ii) lHkh phafV;k¡

(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

3- uhps fn, x, iz'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) fdVh dkSu Fkh vkSj dgk¡ jgrh Fkh\

([k) jkLrs esa fcfYy;k¡ D;k dj jgh Fkha\

(x) phfV;ksa dks ns[kdj dkSu g¡lus yxk\

(?k) ;fn fcfYy;k¡ vkil esa ugha yM+rha] rks D;k gksrk\

(Ä) rqeus fdVh phaVh ls D;k lh[k yh\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- myVs vFkZokys 'kCnksa dk feyku djks&

(d) ckgj

(•) ;gk¡

(x) vk;k

(?k) vkt

(i) x;k

(ii) dy

(iii) vanj

(iv) ogk¡

2- ,d OksQ vusd cukvks&

(d) phaVh & ([k) fcYyh & (x) jksVh & (?k) feBkbZ &

3- dkSu OkSQlk gksrk gS\ mfpr 'kCn ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) canj uV[kV lh/k

([k) phaVh NksVh cM+h

(x) fcYYkh & dkyh uhyh

(?k) jksVh yach xksy

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 baVjusV ;k iqLrdky; ls fcYYkh] canj vkSj phaVh ij dksbZ rhu&rhu

ckrsa irk djosQ fy[kksA

nw/okys pkpk

ge tkusaxs

MkW- oxhZl oqQfj;u us ns'k osQ fy, tks fd;k] mls Hkqyk;k ugha tk ldrkA

mUgksaus vewy vkSj 'osr Økafr tSlh ;kstukvksa ls Hkkjr dks nw/ osQ {ks=k

esa vkRefuHkZj cukus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k] blfy, yksx mUgsa I;kj ls

^nw/ okys pkpk* dgrs gSaA

vkvks i<+sa

osQjy jkT; osQ iyDdM uke osQ 'kgj esa 26 uoacj]

1921 dks ,d cPps dk tUe gqvkA mldk uke

oxhZl oqQfj;u j•k x;kA mlosQ firk th

MkWDVj Fks vkSj ekrk th vè;kfidk FkhaA

oxhZl OkqQfj;u i<+kbZ esa cgqr gksf'k;kj FksA mUgksaus yacs le; rd eækl (psUubZ)

esa i<+kbZ dhA mlosQ ckn os vesfjdk x, vkSj vkxs dh f'k{kk ogk¡ iwjh dhA

vesfjdk esa mUgksaus Ms;jh bathfu;fjax dk fo'ks"k çf'k{k.k fy;kA

Ms;jh bathfu;fjax& nw/ vkSj nw/ ls cus mRiknksa dks cukus vkSj lqjf{kr j•us dh rduhdh i<+kbZ

nw/okys pkpk

i<+kbZ iwjh djus osQ ckn oqQfj;u Hkkjr ykSV vk,A lky 1949 esa xqtjkr osQ

vkuan 'kgj esa Ms;jh vuqla/ku laLFkku esa mUgkasus dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA

ogk¡ mUgksaus ns•k fd vkuan ftys osQ i'kqikyd fdlku cgqr esgur djrs Fks] ysfdu mUgsa mldk lgh nke ugha feyrk FkkA os viuk nw/ fcpkSfy;ksa dks csprs

Fks vkSj ogh fcpkSfy;s 'kgj tkdj nw/ dks vf/d nke ij cspdj ”;knk iSlk

dekrs FksA lcls ”;knk ifjJe i'kqikyd fdlku djrs Fks] ysfdu lcls de ykHk mUgha dks gksrk FkkA

bl leL;k dk lek/ku •kstus osQ fy, MkWñ oqQfj;u us i'kqikyd fdlkuksa dks

le>k;k fd os ^dkbjk ftyk nqX/ mRiknd lgdkjh la?k* ls tqM+sa] ftldh

igy 1946 esa ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy vkSj f=kHkqounkl iVsy us dh FkhA ysfdu bl laLFkk dks e”kcwr cukus vkSj lgh fn'kk nsus dk dke MkWñ OkqQfj;u osQ 1949 esa tqM+us osQ ckn gqvkA bl laLFkk dh fo'ks"krk ;g Fkh fd gj i'kqikyd fdlku FkksM+k&lk iSlk yxkdj bldk lnL; cu ldrk FkkA fdlku ftruk nw/ ykrk] laLFkk mls bdV~Bk djrh] e'khuksa esa lqjf{kr j•rh vkSj

fiQj 'kgjksa esa csprhA

vuqla/ku laLFkku& u;s Kku dh [kkst djus okyh laLFkk_ fcpkSfy;k& eè;LFk@,tsaV_ lek/ku& gy_ laLFkk& lewg ;k laxBu_ ykHk& equkIkQk@dekbZ

vc nw/ lh/s laLFkk osQ ekè;e ls 'kgjksa vkSj ck”kkjksa rd igq¡pus yxkA fcØh ls tks Hkh ykHk gksrk] •pZ fudkydj ckdh ykHk fdlkuksa esa ck¡V fn;k tkrkA

igys tgk¡ fcpkSfy;s i'kqikyd fdlkuksa dks de nke nsrs Fks] ogha vc mUgsa vius nw/ dk mfpr ewY; feyus yxkA

bl rjg ls i'kqikyd fdlkuksa dk thou csgrj gqvkA

;gh laLFkk vkxs pydj ^vewy* osQ uke ls çfln~/ gqbZA MkWñ oqQfj;u ;gha ugha #osQA mUgksaus iwjs ns'k esa nw/ dh deh dks lekIr djus vkSj gj txg nw/ igq¡pkus osQ fy, cM+h ;kstuk 'kq: dhA bl ;kstuk dk uke Fkk& ^vkWijs'ku ÝyM*] ftls ckn esa ^'osr Økafr* dgk x;kA

bl ;kstuk esa xk¡o&xk¡o ls nw/ ,df=kr fd;k x;kA mls e'khuksa esa BaMk dj lqjf{kr j•k x;kA fiQj xkfM+;ksa vkSj jsy osQ fMCcksa ls 'kgjksa rd igq¡pk;k x;kA blosQ dkj.k i'kqikyd fdlkuksa dks lgh nke feyk vkSj yk•ksa yksxksa

,df=kr& bdB~Bk

nw/okys pkpk

dks jks”kxkj feyus yxkA Hkkjr nw/ osQ ekeys esa vkRefuHkZj cuk vkSj /hjs&/hjs nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k nw/ mRiknd ns'k cu x;kA

MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u OksQ bl dke dh otg ls yksx mUgsa I;kj ls ^nw/ okys pkpk* vkSj iwjh nqfu;k mUgsa ^feYdeSu vkWIkQ bafM;k* dgus yxhA

MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u dks muosQ ;ksxnku osQ fy, dbZ cM+s lEeku feys& jseu eSxlsls iqjLdkj] in~eJh] in~eHkw"k.k vkSj in~efoHkw"k.kA

9 flracj 2012 dks mUgksaus vafre lk¡l yhA lknk thou thus okys MkWñ oqQfj;u dk liuk Fkk& ¶gj cPpk nw/ fi,] gj fdlku eqLdjk,A¸

lEeku& iqjLdkj] vknj

nw/ ikSf"Vd is; gS] ftlesa OkSQfY'k;e vkSj çksVhu ik;k tkrk gSA ;g gekjh gM~fM;ksa vkSj nk¡rksa dks e”kcwr cukrk gSA nw/ ihus ls 'kjhj dks ÅtkZ feyrh gSA bls gj mez osQ yksx ih ldrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

fdlku ewY; laLFkk esgur ;ksxnku

lEeku 'osr Økafr vkRefuHkZj in~eHkw"k.k fcpkSfy;k

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u dks yksx I;kj ls D;k dgrs gSa\

([k) nw/ dh deh dks lekIr djus osQ fy, dkSu&lh ;kstuk vkjaHk dh xbZ\

(x) mPp f'k{kk çkIr djus osQ ckn rqe vius xk¡o@'kgj dh HkykbZ osQ fy, D;k dj ldrs gks\

(?k) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u us fdlkuksa dks ,dtqV djosQ laLFkk ls tksM+us dk fopkj fn;kA bl ?kVuk ls gesa D;k lh• feyrh gS\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u dk tUe fdl o"kZ gqvk Fkk\

(i) 1920

(iii) 1925

(ii) 1921

(iv) 1930

([k) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u us vesfjdk esa dkSu&lk fo'ks"k çf'k{k.k fy;k\

(i) Ñf"k foKku

(iii) HkkSfrdh

(ii) Ms;jh bathfu;fjax

(iv) jlk;u foKku

(x) ^vkWijs'ku ÝyM* ;kstuk dk nwljk uke D;k Fkk\

(i) gfjr Økafr

(iii) uhyh Økafr

(ii) 'osr Økafr

(iv) ihyh Økafr

(?k) ^vewy* laLFkk fdl jkT; ls tqM+h gS\

(i) osQjy

(iii) egkjk"Vª

(ii) xqtjkr

(iv) rfeyukMq

(Ä) MkWñ oqQfj;u dks buesa ls dkSu&lk lEeku çkIr ugha gqvk\

(i) in~eJh

(iii) Hkkjr jRu

(ii) in~eHkw"k.k

(iv) in~efoHkw"k.k

nw/okys pkpk

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u us bathfu;fjax dh i<+kbZ vesfjdk

esa 'kq: dh vkSj Hkkjr esa iwjh dhA

([k) ^dkbjk ftyk nqX/ mRiknd lgdkjh la?k* dh igy

1946 esa ljnkj oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy vkSj f=kHkqounkl iVsy

us dh FkhA

(x) ^vewy* laLFkk dh 'kq#vkr MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u us

vosQys dh FkhA

(?k) ^vkWijs'ku ÝyM* ;kstuk ls lHkh txg nw/ igq¡pus yxkA

(Ä) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u dks osQoy ,d in~eHkw"k.k iqjLdkj

feyk FkkA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u dk tUe dc vkSj dgk¡ gqvk Fkk\

([k) MkWñ oxhZl oqQfj;u dks fdu&fdu iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k

x;k Fkk\

(x) nw/ mRiknu esa vkRefuHkZj gksus ls gekjs ns'k Hkkjr dks D;k ykHk gq,\

(?k) ^vewy* laLFkk ls igys i'kqikyd fdlkuksa dks ykHk de D;ksa gks jgk Fkk\

(Ä) ^vewy* laLFkk us fdlkukas dh leL;k dk lek/ku fdl izdkj fd;k\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- fØ;k 'kCn pqudj okD; iwjs djks&

ihrs cukbZ le>k;k fn;k csprs

(d) MkWñ oxhZl OkqQfj;u us vewy daiuh A

([k) izfrfnu cPps vewy dk nw/ gSaA

(x) MkWñ oxhZl OkqQfj;u us fdlkuksa dks /S;Z ls A

(?k) fdlku 'kgj tkdj nw/ FksA

(Ä) ^vewy* us yk•ksa yksxksa dks jks”kxkj A

2- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dk lgh foykse 'kCnksa ls feyku djks&

(d) vkRefuHkZjrk (i) fn•koVh thou

(•) xje (ii) vkyL;

(x) esgur (iii) fuHkZjrk

(?k) lknk thou (iv) xyr

(Ä) lgh (v) BaMk

3- nh xbZ igsfy;ksa dks i<+ks vkSj mRrj fy[kks&

xksy gksrh gS] ros ij fldrh gS]

lC”kh osQ lkFk •kbZ tkrh gSA

eD•u yxs rks vkSj Hkh vPNh yxrh gSA

crkvks eSa dkSu gw¡\

nw/okys pkpk

Åij ls dBksj] vanj ls ehBk]

ikuh ls Hkjk] Lkcdks HkkrkA

xjeh esa lcdk I;kjk] ihdj dgrs& okg!

fdruk U;kjk!

crkvks eSa dkSu gw¡\

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 nw/ ls vusd izdkj dh feBkb;k¡

curh gSaA irk djosQ fy[kks fd nw/ ls

dkSu&dkSu lh feBkb;k¡ curh gSaA mudh

,d lwph cukvksA

 rqEgkjs ?kj esa nw/ ls [khj ”k:j curh

gksxhA vius ifjokj ls [khj cukus dh

fof/ irk djosQ mlosQ pj.k (LVsi)

fy[kksA

•hj cukus osQ fy, lkexzh&

•hj cukus dh fof/

Pkj.k 1

Pkj.k 2

Pkj.k 3

Pkj.k 4

Pkj.k 5

gj dke ”k:jh gksrk gS 15

xk¡o esa yksdxhr dh çfr;ksfxrk gksus okyh FkhA ;g vk;kstu iapk;r&?kj esa j•k

x;k FkkA lHkh yksx feydj rS;kjh esa tqV x,A oqQN cPpksa dks iapk;r&?kj dks

ltkus dk dke lkSaik x;k FkkA

jktw dks nh;s vkSj >kyj yxkus dh f”kEesnkjh nh xbZ Fkh] tcfd xqfM+;k dks

iwQyksa dh ekyk cukus dk dke fn;k x;k FkkA

lksuw dks nhokj ij yxkus osQ fy, iksLVj cukus FksA cqycqy dks vk¡xu dh lIkQkbZ vkSj jaxksyh cukus dk dke feyk FkkA viuk dke

lqudj cqycqy FkksM+h mnkl gks xbZ FkhA mlus lkspk] ^esjk dke rks lcls NksVk gS] bl dke ij rks fdlh dk è;ku gh ugha tk,xk\* ysfdu] mlus viuk dke

yxu ls iwjk fd;kA mlus >kM+ yxkdj iapk;r&?kj dk vk¡xu pedk fn;kA

dksus esa lqanj iwQyksa vkSj jaxksa ls jaxksyh cukbZA

yksdxhr çfr;ksfxrk dk fnu vk;k vkSj xk¡o osQ lHkh yksx iapk;r&?kj igq¡psA

lHkh yksxksa us lcls igys ns•kµ pedrk vk¡xu vkSj lqanj jaxksyh!

jktw cksyk] ¶vjs! yksxksa dh u”kj cqycqy dh jaxksyh ij gh fVdh gqbZ gS!¸

xqfM+;k cksyh] ¶iwjk vk¡xu fdruk lkIkQ&lqFkjk yx jgk gS!¸

lksuw cksyk] ¶yksxksa us esjs iksLVj rks ckn esa ns•s] igys lHkh jaxksyh dks gh ns[k jgs FksA¸

lcus cqycqy dh cgqr iz'kalk dhA og cgqr •q'k gqbZA vc mls le> vk x;k

Fkk fd gj dke ”k:jh gksrk gS_ dksbZ Hkh dke NksVk ;k cM+k ugha gksrkA

ge tkusaxs

;g dfork gesa iraxksa osQ jaxksa vkSj mM+ku ls thou esa meax vkSj vkuan

dk lans'k nsrh gSA ;g gesa ,drk] lekurk vkSj feydj mRlo eukus dh

Hkkouk fl•krh gSA blls gesa Å¡pkb;ksa rd igq¡pus vkSj •qf'k;k¡ ck¡Vus dh

çsj.kk feyrh gSA

vkvks i<+sa

ekSle vkt iraxksa dk gS]

uHk esa jkt iraxksa dk gS]

baæ/uq"k OksQ jaxksa dk gS]

ekSle ubZ meaxksa dk gSA

fudys lc ys Mksj iraxsa]

lqanj&lh pkSdksj iraxsa]

mM+k jgs dj 'kksj iraxsa]

ns•ks pkjksa vksj iraxsaA

uHk& vkdk'k_ meax& •q'kh] mRlkg_ pkSdksj& pkj dksuksa okyk vkdkj

mM+h iraxsa cLrh&cLrh]

dksbZ eg¡xh] dksbZ lLrh]

ij u fdlh esa IkwQVijLrh]

mM+k&mM+k lc ysrs eLrhA

pyh Mksj ij cSB iraxsa]

bBykrh&lh ,saB iraxsa]

uHk esa dj ?kqliSB iraxsa] djsa ijLij HksaV iraxsaA

gj Vksyh ys •M+h iraxsa]

OkqQN NksVh] OkqQN cM+h iraxsa] vkleku esa mM+h iraxsa] isap yM+kus c<+h iraxsaA

IkwQVijLrh& vkilh >xM+k ;k cSj_ bBykrh& brjkrh_ isap& iraxksa dh vkilh VDdj_ NDOksQ NwVuk& cqjh rjg gkjuk

OkqQN OksQ NDOksQ NwV jgs gSa] OkqQN dh Mksj VwV jgh gSa] exj ugha os :B jgs gSa] dVh iraxsa ywV jgs gSaA &f'ko e`nqy

Hkkjr esa edj laozQkafr OksQ fnu dbZ jkT;ksa esa irax mRlo euk;k tkrk gSA edj laØkafr gj lky 14 ;k 15 tuojh dks eukbZ tkrh gSA bl fnu yksx jax&fcjaxh iraxsa mM+krs gSaA OkqQN 'kgjksa] tSls vgenkckn] t;iqj]

fnYyh] y•uÅ vkfn esa ;g R;ksgkj cM+s mRlkg osQ lkFk euk;k tkrk gSA

Jqrys[k

irax ekSle jax Mksj 'kksj

cLrh NDOksQ Vksyh meax eg¡xh

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) vkdk'k esa mM+rh iraxsa oSQlh fn[kkbZ nsrh gSa\

([k) cPps irax mM+krs le; oSQlk vuqHko djrs gSa\

(x) mM+rh iraxsa vkdk'k esa D;k&D;k djrh gSa\

(?k) irax dfork ls gesa D;k lh• feyrh gS\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) ^irax mRlo* fdl fnu euk;k tkrk gS\

(i) fnokyh (ii) edj laØkafr

(iii) j{kkca/u (iv) gksyh

([k) ^irax* mM+kus OksQ fy, gesa D;k pkfg,\

(i) fdrkc vkSj isu (ii) Mksj vkSj irax

(iii) ikuh vkSj ckYVh (iv) nh;k vkSj ckrh

(x) tc nks iraxsa Vdjkrh gSa] rks mls D;k dgrs gSa\

(i) feyu djuk

(iii) /Ddk

(?k) iraxsa oSQlh gksrh gSa\

(i) pkSdksj

(iii) xksy

(ii) isap yM+kuk

(iv) OkqQ'rh

(ii) frdksuh

(iv) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) irax mM+kuk OksQoy cPpksa dk •sy gSA

(•) irax mRlo gesa fey&tqydj jguk fl•krk gSA

(x) irax mRlo osQ fnu vkdk'k uhyk jgrk gSA

(?k) irax mM+kus dk dksbZ fu;e ugha gksrkA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) vkleku esa OkSQlh iraxsa mM+ jgh gaS\

([k) oQfork esa iraxksa dh dkSu&dkSu lh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkbZ xbZ gSa\

(x) OkqQN iraxksa OksQ NDOksQ NwV jgs gSa& bldk D;k vFkZ gS\

(?k) iraxksa dh mM+ku ls cPpksa esa dkSu&lh Hkkouk,¡ txrh gSa\

(M-) irax mM+krs le; lqjf{kr jgus osQ fy, dkSu&lh lko/kfu;k¡ viukuh pkfg,\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- okD;ksa esa vk, laKk 'kCnksa ij xksyk yxkvkss&

(d) vkleku jaxhu gks x;kA

([k) cPps irax dh Mksj yk,A

(x) caVh Hkh irax mM+k jgk gSA

(?k) fon~;ky; esa irax mRlo dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA

2- fn, x, 'kCnksa esa ls laKk vkSj fo'ks"k.k 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fy•ks&

lqanj irax yach f•M+dh uhyk fon~;ky; fo'kky IkwQy

laKk fo'ks"k.k

3- fn, x, okD;ksa esa mfpr loZuke fy[kks&

(d) irax mM+ jgh gSA (;s @ ;g)

([k) cPps Nr ij •M+s gSaA (og @ os)

(x) esjh irax dkV nhA (mlus @ rqe)

(?k) feydj R;ksgkj euk;kA (geus @ eSaus)

4- ,sls 'kCn ftuesa ^va* dh ek=kk vkrh gS] mUgsa vuqLokj dgk tkrk gSA

^va* dh ek=kk O;atu OksQ Åij ,d fcanh OksQ :i esa yxrh gS_ tSls&

iraxA blh rjg rqe Hkh ^va* dh ek=kk okys pkj 'kCn fy•ks&

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 irax dk fp=k cukdj mlesa jax Hkjkss&

rksrk vkSj pus dh nky

ge tkusaxs

vxj dksbZ leL;k vk,] rks gesa ?kcjkus dh ctk; yxkrkj dksf'k'k djrs

jguk pkfg,A /S;Z vkSj le>nkjh ls dksbZ Hkh dke iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA

vkvks i<a+s

,d ckj dh ckr gSA ,d rksrk 'kgj ?kweus tk jgk FkkA jkLrs esa mls ,d [kw¡Vs ij

,d puk iM+k feykA rksrs dh •q'kh dk fBdkuk ugha jgkA rksrs us puk iQksM+uk

'kq: fd;kA pus ls nks nkysa fudyhaA ,d nky rksrs us •k yh] ysfdu nwljh

nky •w¡Vs esa i¡Ql xbZA vc rksrs dks fpark gqbZA

[kw¡Vs& ydM+h dk xM+k gqvk •aHkk

rksrk nkSM+k&nkSM+k c<+bZ osQ ikl x;k vkSj cksyk] ¶c<+bZ HkS;k] •w¡Vs dks phj nks]

esjh nky vanj i¡Ql xbZ gSA¸

c<+bZ cksyk] ¶D;k eSa rqEgkjk pkdj gw¡ fd nky fudkywa¡\ tkvks ;gk¡ lsA¸

rksrk fiQj jktk osQ ikl igq¡pk vkSj cksyk] ¶jktk th] vki c<+bZ dks dfg, fd og nky fudky nsA¸

jktk cksyk] ¶eSa dksbZ ?kj dk ukSdj gw¡] tks gj fdlh dh ckr ekuw¡\¸

rksrk jkuh osQ ikl x;k vkSj cksyk] ¶jkuh th] vki jktk dks dfg,] rks os c<+bZ dks dgsaxsA¸

jkuh us xqLls esa dgk] ¶Hkkxks ;gk¡ ls! eSa rqEgkjh ckr D;ksa ekuw¡\¸

vc rksrk lk¡i osQ ikl x;k vkSj cksyk] ¶lk¡i HkS;k] vki jkuh dks M¡l yksA¸

lk¡i us iq¡QiQdkjdj dgk] ¶py gV ;gk¡ ls] ugha rks rq>s gh M¡l yw¡xk!¸

vc rksrk ykBh osQ ikl] fiQj vkx] fiQj ikuh vkSj fiQj gkFkh osQ ikl x;kA

c<+bZ& ydM+h dk dke djus okyk_ phj& dkV@IkQkM+_ pkdj& ukSdj@lsod

rksrk vkSj pus dh nky

lcus mls lkIkQ euk dj fn;kA gj txg ls mls Vdk&lk tokc feykA

vc rksrk igq¡pk phaVh osQ iklA mlus phaVh ls dgk] ¶phaVh cgu] Ñik gkFkh

dks dkV yks] rkfd og Mjdj esjh enn djsA¸

phaVh cksyh] ¶Bhd gS] eSa gkFkh dks dkVrh gw¡A¸

phaVh dh ckr lqudj gkFkh Mj x;kA gkFkh osQ Mjus ls lc Mj x,A

gkFkh cksyk] ¶phaVh cgu] eq>s er dkVks] eSa lk¡i dks ekjus tk jgk gw¡A¸

lk¡i cksyk] ¶gkFkh HkkbZ] eq>s er ekjks] eSa jkuh dks M¡lus tk jgk gw¡A¸

jkuh cksyh] ¶lk¡i th] eq>s er M¡lks] eSa jktk dks dg nsrh gw¡A¸

jktk cksyk] ¶jkuh] eSa vHkh c<+bZ dks dg nsrk gw¡A¸

jktk us c<+bZ dks cqyk;k vkSj vkns'k fn;k] ¶tkvks] •w¡Vs dks phjdj nky fudky

nksA¸ c<+bZ us •w¡Vs dks phj fn;k vkSj Ik¡Qlh gqbZ nky fudky nhA rksrs us eqLOkQjkrs gq, nky •kbZ vkSj cksyk] ¶vksg! esgur jax ykbZA¸ fiQj og •q'kh&•q'kh 'kgj ?kweus pyk x;kA

esgur jax ykbZ& ifjJe liQy gqvk

rksrk ,d jax&fcjaxk vkSj prqj i{kh gSA ;g euq"; dh vkok”kksa

dh udy Hkh dj ldrk gSA rksrk iQy] cht vkSj nkysa •kuk

ilan djrk gSA rksrs dh pksap cgqr e”kcwr gksrh gS] ftlls

og chtksa vkSj puksa dks vklkuh ls iQksM+ ldrk gSA

Jqrys[k

eqLdjkrs fBdkuk •w¡Vk c<+bZ vkns'k

iq¡QiQdkjdj lk¡i phaVh esgur M¡luk

eqgkojs (ljy vFkZ lfgr)%

 cSBs&fcBk, feyuk fcuk esgur OksQ OkqQN fey tkuk

 Vdk&lk tokc nsuk lkIkQ budkj dj nsuk

 esgur jax ykuk dksf'k'k liQy gksuk

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa osQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) rksrk dgk¡ tk jgk Fkk vkSj D;ksa\

([k) vxj rqe rksrs dh txg gksrs] rks lcls igys fdlls enn ek¡xrs

vkSj D;ksa\

(x) rksrk jktk dh f'kdk;r djus jkuh osQ ikl gh D;ksa x;k\

rksrk vkSj pus dh nky

(?k) ;fn rksrs us gkj eku yh gksrh] rks dgkuh dk var D;k gksrk\

(Ä) phaVh NksVh gksrs gq, Hkh rksrs dh enn djus OksQ fy, rS;kj gks

xbZA blls gesa D;k lans'k feyrk gSA

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) rksrs dks puk dgk¡ feyk\

(i) ”kehu ij (ii) •w¡Vs ij

(iii) ?kksalys esa

(iv) egy esa

([k) nky fudkyus osQ fy, rksrk lcls igys fdlosQ ikl x;k\

(i) c<+bZ

(iii) gkFkh

(ii) jktk

(iv) vkx

(x) var esa fdldh enn ls rksrs dh nky ckgj fudyh\

(i) jktk dh

(iii) gkFkh dh

(ii) phaVh dh

(iv) jkuh dh

3- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa osQ lkeus dgkuh os Q vuqlkj lgh Øe (1] 2]

3--- 6) fy[kksA

(d) jkuh us jktk dks dgus ls euk dj fn;kA

(•) jktk us c<+bZ dks cqykdj •w¡Vk phjus dk vkns'k fn;kA

(x) rksrs dks jkLrs esa ,d •w¡Vs ij puk feykA

(?k) lcus rksrs dh enn djus ls budkj dj fn;kA

(Ä) rksrs us •q'k gksdj nky •kbZ vkSj 'kgj ?kweus pyk x;kA

(p) phaVh rksrs dh enn djus dks rS;kj gks xbZA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) rksrk c<+bZ osQ ikl D;ksa x;k\

([k) nky fudkyus osQ fy, rksrs dks fdl&fdlosQ ikl tkuk iM+k\

Øe ls fy[kksA

(x) ^gj fdlh us Vdk&lk tokc ns fn;k*& bl iafDr dk vFkZ

vius 'kCnksa esa fy[kksA

(?k) bl dgkuh esa rqEgsa lcls le>nkj ik=k dkSu yxk\ vkSj D;ksa\

(Ä) vxj lHkh yksx ,d&nwljs dh enn djsa] rks lekt OkSQlk cusxk\ Hkk"kk&Kku

i;kZ;okph% leku ;k ,d tSls vFkZ okys 'kCn i;kZ;okph dgykrs gSa_ tSls

^jkr* 'kCn osQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn gSa& jkf=k] fu'kk vkfnA

1- fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn pqudj fy•ks&

ty ukx u`Ik vfXu uhj liZ ckn'kkg Tokyk

(d) lk¡Ik &

(•) vkx & (x) ikuh & (?k) jktk &

2- fn, x, okD;ksa dks i<+ks vkSj fy[kks fd okD; fdl dky (Hkwr dky] orZeku dky] Hkfo";r~ dky) esa gaS& dky

(d) rksrk 'kgj ?kweus tk jgk FkkA &

([k) phaVh gkFkh dks dkVrh gSA &

(x) jktk c<+bZ dks vkns'k nsxkA &

(?k) rksrk jkuh osQ ikl x;kA &

(Ä) jkuh jktk dks dgrh gSA &

3- fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ L=khfyaax 'kCn fy•ks&

(d) jktk & (•) gkFkh & (x) HkkbZ & (?k) x/k &

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 nh xbZ Ikgsfy;ksa osQ mRrj fy[kks&

dk¡o&dk¡o tks cksys U;kjk]

dkys jax dk cnu gS lkjkA

jksVh&nkuk lc mldks Hkk,]

gj vk¡xu esa mM+dj vk,A

ckfj'k esa tc >wes&xk,] ia• IkSQykdj ukpus vk,A

uhyk jax] eqOkqQV gS I;kjk]

jk"Vªh; i{kh gS ;g gekjkA

gjk jax] yky gS pksap]

ehBk cksys] I;kjh xw¡tA

^jke&jke* gS cksyuk vkrk]

isM+ksa ij vDlj fn• tkrkA

u`R;&Nk=kk dk lk{kkRdkj 18

ge tkusaxs

ifjJe vkSj vH;kl ls fdlh Hkh dyk dks lh•k tk ldrk gSA thou esa

liQyrk osQ fy, le; dk lgh mi;ksx cgqr vko';d gSA ge ;g Hkh tkusaxs fd lkgl] yxu vkSj ifjJe ls dfBukb;ksa ij thr ikbZ tk ldrh gSA

vkvks i<a+s

lk{kkRdkjdrkZ % jkgqy (d{kk&3 dk Nk=k)

mRrjnkrk % ekgh (d{kk&3 dh Nk=kk] vksfMlh u`R; lh• jgh gSA)

jkgqy % ueLrs ekgh! lcls igys rqe viuk NksVk&lk ifjp; nksA

u`R;&Nk=kk dk lk{kkRdkj

ekgh % ueLrs jkgqy! esjk uke ekgh gSA eSa vkB lky dh gw¡ vkSj d{kk&3

esa i<+rh gw¡A eq>s fp=k cukuk] dgkuh lquuk vkSj vksfMlh u`R; djuk

cgqr ilan gSA

jkgqy % vksfMlh u`R; D;k gksrk gS\

ekgh % vksfMlh Hkkjr OksQ vksfM'kk jkT; dk ,d lqanj vkSj iqjkuk u`R; gSA

blesa ge Hkxoku dh dgkfu;k¡ u`R; OksQ ekè;e ls fn•krs gSaA blesa

psgjs osQ gko&Hkko dk cgqr egRo gksrk gSA

jkgqy % rqeus bls lh•uk dc 'kq: fd;k\

ekgh % eSaus fiNys lky xjeh dh NqV~fV;ksa esa bls lh[kuk 'kq: fd;kA igys

rks eq>s OkqQN Hkh le> ugha vk;k] ysfdu vc e”kk vkrk gSA

jkgqy % D;k u`R; lh•rs le; dksbZ dfBukbZ vkbZ\

ekgh % gk¡] 'kq: esa tc eSa iSj ?kqekrs gq, fxj xbZ FkhA rc ek¡ us eyge yxk;k

vkSj eq>s fgEer nhA

jkgqy % vkSj dksbZ ijs'kkuh\

ekgh % gk¡] ,d ckj LOkwQy dh ijh{kk vkSj u`R; dk vH;kl ,d gh fnu FkkA

eSa ?kcjk xbZ FkhA

jkgqy % fiQj rqeus D;k fd;k\

ekgh % eSaus le; ck¡V fy;k& igys i<+kbZ dh] fiQj u`R; dk vH;klA xq# th us

dgkµ le; dk lgh mi;ksx gh vlyh urZdh dh igpku gksrh gSA

jkgqy % vksfMlh u`R; djus esa lcls ”;knk e”kk dc vkrk gS\

ekgh % tc ge ?kw¡?kV Mkydj Hkxoku Ñ".k dh yhyk fn•krs gSaA eSa jk/k curh gw¡ vkSj esjh lgsyh Ñ".k curh gSA ge nksuksa feydj u`R; izLrqr

djrs gSa vkSj n'kZd rkfy;k¡ ctkrs gSaA

jkgqy % D;k rqeus dHkh eap ij u`R; fd;k gS\

ekgh % gk¡] LOkwQy OksQ okf"kZdksRlo esa fd;k FkkA rc lHkh yksxksa us esjs u`R; dh [kwc iz'kalk dh FkhA

vH;kl& fdlh dke dks ckj&ckj djuk_ ?kw¡?kV& flj vkSj psgjs dks <dus okyk oL=k_

n'kZd& ns[kus okys_ okf"kZdksRlo& o"kZ esa ,d ckj gksus okyk mRlo

u`R;&Nk=kk dk lk{kkRdkj

jkgqy % rqEgkjss fe=k rqEgkjs ckjs esa D;k dgrs gSa\

ekgh % lc esjh ç'kalk djrs gSaA OkqQN eq>ls u`R; lh[kuk pkgrs gSaA le; feyus ij eSa mUgsa NksVs&NksVs pj.k fl•krh gw¡A

jkgqy % D;k rqe cM+h gksdj vksfMlh u`R; fl•kuk pkgksxh\

ekgh % gk¡] eSa pkgrh gw¡ fd tks cPps u`R; ugha tkurs vkSj u`R; djuk pkgrs gSa] os Hkh lh•saA eSa dgrh gw¡& tgk¡ pkg] ogk¡ jkgA

jkgqy % cgqr lqanj ckr dgh ekgh! /U;okn bl jkspd ckrphr OksQ fy,A

ekgh % /U;okn jkgqy! eq>s Hkh cgqr vPNk yxkA

vksfMlh u`R; vkjaHk djus ls igys /jrh] xq# vkSj Hkxoku dks ç.kke fd;k tkrk gSA blesa fo'ks"k f=kHkaxh eqæk gksrh gS] ftlesa 'kjhj rhu Hkkxksa ls eqM+rk gSA vksfMlh u`R; esa vksfM;k xhrksa OksQ lkFk ck¡lqjh] e`nax vkSj rcyk tSls okn~; ;a=k ctrs gSaA

Jqrys[k u`R; ijh{kk vH;kl ?kw¡?kV vksfMlh iks'kkd jkspd fp=k fxjuk lk{kkRdkj

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf•r ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks&

(d) vksfMlh u`R; D;k gS\

([k) tc dksbZ rqEgkjh ç'kalk djrk gS] rks rqEgsa OkSQlk yxrk gS\

(x) ;fn •syrs le; rqEgkjk dksbZ nksLr fxj tk,] rks rqe D;k djksxs\

(?k) eku yks] rqEgkjs rhu 'kkSd gSa& fp=k cukuk] fozQosQV [ksyuk vkSj

u`R; djukA rqe viuk le; OkSQls ck¡Vksxs\

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) vksfMlh u`R; esa fdldh dgkfu;k¡ izLrqr dh tkrh gSa\

(i) Hkxoku dh

(ii) iapra=k dh

(iii) euq"; dh (iv) jktkvkas dh

([k) ekgh us eap ij fdl volj ij u`R; izLrqr fd;k\

(i) x.kra=k fnol

(iii) f'k{kd fnol

(ii) okf"kZdksRlo

(iv) Lora=krk fnol

(x) ekgh us dkSu&lh NqV~fV;ksa esa u`R; lh•uk 'kq: fd;k\

(i) ljnh dh

(iii) n'kgjs dh

(ii) xjeh dh

(iv) fnokyh dh

3- lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) ekgh vkB lky dh gS vkSj d{kk&3 esa i<+rh gSA

([k) vksfMlh u`R; vksfM'kk jkT; dk iqjkuk u`R; gSA

(x) ekgh us igyh ckj x.kra=k fnol ij eap ij u`R; fd;kA

(?k) u`R; lh•us esa ekgh dks dHkh dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha vkbZA

4- fuEufyf•r ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy•ks&

(d) ekgh dh ilanhnk ph”ksa dkSu&lh gSa\

([k) ekgh dks u`R; lh[kus esa dkSu&lh dfBukbZ vkbZ\

u`R;&Nk=kk dk lk{kkRdkj

(x) ekgh dks u`R; djus esa e”kk D;ksa vkrk gS\

(?k) rqe vius le; dk mi;ksx OkSQls djrs gks\

(Ä) ;fn rqEgkjs fdlh nksLr dh ijh{kk vkSj çfr;ksfxrk ,d gh fnu gks] rks rqe mls D;k lykg nksxs\

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- lgh dkeokys 'kCn (fØ;k) pqudj okD; iwjs djks& fxj xbZ •syrs gSa ctkbZ lh• jgh gS

(d) ekgh vksfMlh u`R; A

([k) og 'kqjQvkr esa eap ij A

(x) cPps ikOkZQ esa A

(?k) lcus eap ij rkfy;k¡ A

2- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks i<+ks vkSj muesa ls dkeokys 'kCnksa (fØ;k)

ij ?ksjk yxkvkss&

ekgh ctkuk lquuk •kuk lh•uk ikuh fp=k fdrkc dguk nkSM+uk cSBuk u`R; lqanj eap tkuk

3- lgh 'kCn pqudj [kkyh LFkku Hkjks&

(d) ekgh ,d vPNh gSA (urZd @ urZdh)

([k) esjh ek¡ vkSj ?kj ij gSaA (ekrk @ firk)

(x) fon~;ky; esa i<+krh gaSA (f'k{kd @ f'kf{kdk)

(?k) esjs HkkbZ dk uke gSA (jktk @ jkuh)

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 vius ?kj osQ fdlh lnL; ;k eksgYys esa jgus okys fdlh cM+s O;fDr dk lk{kkRdkj yksA lk{kkRdkj esa iwNs x, iz'uksa vkSj muosQ mRrjksa dks

uhps nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA

u`R;&Nk=kk dk lk{kkRdkj

Nwrk gS vkdk'k frjaxk]

ckny osQ gS ikl frjaxk]

Hkkjr dh gS vkl frjaxkA

Hkkjr osQ Åij Nk;k gS]

nwj gok esa ygjk;k gS]

lwjt us vk pedk;k gSA

ge xkrs gSa bldk xkuk]

^tu&x.k&eu* gS xhr lqgkuk]

bl >aMs osQ uhps vkukA

tc xqyke Fkk Hkkjr I;kjk]

rc >aMk Fkk ;gh lgkjk]

bl >aMs ls nq'eu gkjkA

geus bldk xkuk xk;k]

lkjk ns'k meM+dj vk;k]

ml fnu Fkk nq'eu FkjkZ;kA

fdruksa us gh nh oqQjckuh]

mudh gS ;g èotk fu'kkuh]

os Fks lc Lons'k vfHkekuhA

ge lcls gS cM+k frjaxk]

vfMx Hkko ls [kM+k frjaxk]

lcosQ eu esa p<+k frjaxkA &Jhçlkn

vEek cksyh [ksyks gksyh 20

ge tkusaxs

R;ksgkj gesa •q'kh vkSj ,d&nwljs ls feyus&tqyus dk volj nsrs gSaA ;s

vkuan vkSj eLrh OksQ lkFk gh vuq'kklu vkSj nwljksa dk lEeku djuk Hkh

fl[kkrs gSaA

vkvks i<a+s

cM+s I;kj ls vEek cksyh]

•wc eukvks HkS;k gksyhA

ugha djsaxs dHkh OkqQlax]

Mkyks lHkh ijLij jaxA

,d o"kZ esa gksyh vkbZ]

•syks •kvks [kwc feBkbZA

vEek& ek¡_ OkqQlax& cqjh laxfr_ ijLij& ,d&nwljs OksQ chp_ o"kZ& lky

è;ku yxkdj lquks&i<+ks]

u,&u, lksiku p<+ksA

cPps 'kksj epk,¡ gksyh]

mNys&OkwQnsa •sysa gksyhA

cM+s I;kj ls vEek cksyh] •wc eukvks HkS;k gksyhA

lksiku& lhf<+;k¡_ 'kksj& gYyk

gksyh jaxksa dk R;ksgkj gSA ;g izR;sd lky iQkYxqu eghus esa euk;k tkrk gSA ;g cqjkbZ ij vPNkbZ dh thr dk çrhd gSA bl fnu yksx ,d&nwljs dks jax yxkrs gSa] xys feyrs gSa vkSj feBkb;k¡ ck¡Vrs gSaA

Jqrys[k

gksyh OkqQlax feBkbZ ijLij xqyky vEek i<+kbZ fipdkjh lksiku è;ku

lkspks vkSj crkvks

1- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj crkvks& (d) vEek us cPpksa dks gksyh •syus ls igys D;k le>k;k\

([k) gksyh dk R;ksgkj fdrus le; ckn vkrk gS\ (x) gksyh OksQ fnu rqEgkjs ?kj&ifjokj esa D;k fo'ks"k gksrk gS\

(?k) D;k R;ksgkjksa OksQ le; i<+kbZ dks fcYkOkqQy Hkwy tkuk Bhd gS\ vius fopkj crkvksA

vEek cksyh [ksyks gksyh

lkspks vkSj fy[kks

2- mfpr mRrj ij lgh () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) dfork esa cPpksa dks dkSu le>krk gS\

(i) ikik

(iii) nknh

(ii) vEek

(iv) nknk

([k) dfork esa D;k •kus OksQ fy, dgk x;k gS\

(i) IkQy

(iii) pkoy

(x) ^lksiku* 'kCn dk vFkZ D;k gS\

(i) lhf<+;k¡

(iii) jax

(ii) feBkbZ

(iv) f[kpM+h

(ii) feBkbZ

(iv) iku

3- okD;ksa OksQ lkeus lgh () ;k xyr () dk fu'kku yxkvks&

(d) vEek cksyh gksyh ”k:j eukvks] ij 'kjkjr er djksA

([k) R;ksgkjksa OksQ ckn i<+kbZ dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gksrhA

(x) ^OkqQlax* 'kCn dk vFkZ gS& cqjh laxfr ;k cqjk lkFkA

(?k) dfork esa è;ku ls i<+us dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA

4- fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa OksQ mRrj fy[kks&

(d) gksyh dc eukbZ tkrh gS\

([k) jax yxus OksQ ckn gesa D;k djuk pkfg,\

(x) D;k gesa fdlh dks ”kcjnLrh jax ;k xqyky yxkuk pkfg,\ D;ksa\

(?k) rqEgkjs ?kj esa gksyh OksQ fnu dkSu&dkSu lh feBkb;k¡ ;k idoku

cuk, tkrs gSa\ muOksQ uke fy[kksA

(M-) lqjf{kr gksyh eukus OksQ fy, dksbZ ik¡p fu;e cukdj fy[kksA

Hkk"kk&Kku

1- [kkyh LFkku esa mfpr fØ;k 'kCn Hkjdj okD; iwjs djkss&

yxk;k le>k;k vkrk [kkrs [ksy

(d) cPps vk¡xu esa gksyh jgs FksA

([k) vEek us cPpksa dks A

(x) gksyh osQ fnu ge feBkbZ gSaA

(?k) lcus ,d&nwljs dks jax A

(Ä) gksyh dk R;ksgkj ,d o"kZ esa gSA

2- fuEufyf•r 'kCnksa dk fyax cnydj fy•ks&

(d) ekSlh & ([k) cPph & (x) nknh & (?k) csVh &

(Ä) ukuh &

3- fuEufyf•r 'kCnksa dk okD;ksa esa ç;ksx djOksQ fy•ks&

(d) è;ku &

([k) feBkbZ & (x) jax

(?k) lksiku &

(Ä) [ksy &

vEek cksyh [ksyks gksyh

vkvks OkqQN djsa

 ^lqjf{kr gksyh* OksQ fy, ,d pkVZ isij ij iksLVj cukvksA

 vkvks feydj fipdkjh cuk,¡&

lkexzh% jaxhu pkVZ isij] xksan] OkSaQph] jaxhu isij] LVªkW ;k dkx”k dh uyh

funZs'k%

 dkx”k dk vk;rkdkj VqdM+k dkVks (yxHkx 20 lseh × 15 lseh)A

 jksy cukvks&dkx”k dks yisVdj ,d yach uyh (ikbi) tSlk jksy cuk yksA fdukjs ij xksan ;k Vsi yxkdj fpidk nksA

 uyh can djks& uyh osQ ,d fljs dks eksM+dj xksan ls fpidk nks rkfd og can gks tk,A

 ltkvks& jaxhu isu] LosQp isu ;k fLVdj ls fipdkjh dks ltkvksA blesa ^gksyh dh 'kqHkdkeuk,¡* fy• ldrs gSaA

(bl fipdkjh esa vlyh ikuh ugha Hkjsxk] ysfdu bls gksyh dh ltkoV ;k ukVd@d{kk xfrfof/ esa iz;ksx dj ldrs gSaA)

ikB~;iqLrd osQ ckjs e

^vkstl* ikB~;iqLrd `a[kyk jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP 2020) vkSj jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ :ijs•k (NCF 2022-23) osQ fn'kk&funsZ'kksa ij vk/kfjr gSA ;g lquus] cksyus] i<+us vkSj fy•us tSls ewy Hkk"kk dkS'kyksa dks lqxe vkSj ;kstukcn~/ fof/ ls fl•krh gSA jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr (NEP 2020)

osQ lq>koksa osQ vuqlkj ;g ikB~;iqLrd fon~;kfFkZ;kssa dks O;ogkj vkSj Hkk"kk dkS'ky fl•kus osQ i;kZIr volj miyC/ djkrh gSA blesa dk;Z&vk/kfjr xfrfof/;k¡ vkSj lkewfgd dk;ksZa ij cy

fn;k x;k gSA lkFk&gh&lkFk fMftVy lalk/u lh[kus dh izfØ;k dks vkSj jkspd ,oa izHkko'kkyh cukrs gSaA blosQ lkFk&lkFk ;g ikB~;iqLrd fon~;kfFkZ;kssa dks lkekftd&HkkoukRed :i ls lqn`<+ ,oa mRRkjnk;h ukxfjd cuus dh f'k{kk Hkh nsrh gSA

eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡

� fon~;kfFkZ;kssa oQh vk;q o Lrj osQ vuq:i Hkk"kk osQ laiw.kZ fodkl ij osaQfnzrA

� lquus] cksyus] i<+us o fy[kus tSlh Hkk"kk;h dkS'kyksa osQ fodkl dks izkFkfedrkA

� O;kdj.k vkSj 'kCn&HkaMkj ij cyA

� ckSn~f/d Lrj osQ vuq:i dgkfu;ksa] dforkvksa o xfrfof/;ksa dk p;uA

� vH;kl ,oa iqujkH;kl osQ vusd voljksa dh miyC/rkA

� lkekftd] uSfrd o ekuoh; ewY;ksa ls ifjfpr djkus ij cyA

� fon~;kfFkZ;kssa esa Lora=k :i ls lkspus vkSj lgh fu.kZ; ysus dh {kerk dk fodklA

� fMftVy lalk/uksa OksQ iz;ksx ij cyA

� f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa esa 21oha lnh osQ dkS'kyksa dk fodklA

UOLO osQ ckjs esa

Uolo K-12 fon~;ky;ksa osQ lkFk lk>snkjh djosQ rduhd&l{ke f'k{k.k dk;ZØe çnku djrk gSA gekjk ekuuk gS fd f'k{kk vkSj rduhd dks feydj dke djuk pkfg,] rkfd foLr`r Lrj ij lHkh fon~;kfFkZ;kssa dks csgrj f'k{k.k vuqHko çnku fd, tk losaQA Uolo Hkkjr] nf{k.k&iwoZ vkSj eè;&iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ 15,000 ls vfèkd fon~;ky;ksa osQ lkFk dke djrk gSA

ISBN 978-93-89789-74-4

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