Type:
Test Bank
Theories of Counseling and Resource: Psychotherapy Systems, Strategies, and Skills Edition:
4th Edition
Author(s):
Linda Seligman Lourie Reichenberg
CONTENTS Part One: Providing Effective Counseling and Psychotherapy Chapter 1: Contexts of Effective Treatment ....................................................................................1 Part Two: Treatment Systems Emphasizing Background Chapter 2: Overview of Background-Focused Treatment Systems .................................................7 Chapter 3: Sigmund Freud and Classic Psychoanalysis ..................................................................9 Chapter 4: Alfred Adler and Individual Psychology .....................................................................14 Chapter 5: Post- and Neo-Freudians: Analytical Psychology, Ego Psychology, Object Relations, and Self Psychology .....................................................................................................19 Chapter 6: Brief Psychodynamic Therapy .....................................................................................23 Part Three: Treatment Systems Emphasizing Emotions and Sensations Chapter 7: Overview of Emotion-Focused Treatment Systems ....................................................26 Chapter 8: Carl Rogers and Person-Centered Counseling .............................................................30 Chapter 9: Existential Therapy ......................................................................................................34 Chapter 10: Gestalt Therapy ..........................................................................................................37 Chapter 11: Emerging Approaches Emphasizing Emotions and Sensations .................................41 Part Four: Treatment Systems Emphasizing Thoughts Chapter 12: Overview of Thought-Focused Treatment Systems ...................................................44 Chapter 13: Albert Ellis and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy ...............................................46 Chapter 14: Aaron Beck and Cognitive Therapy ...........................................................................49 Part Five: Treatment Systems Emphasizing Actions Chapter 15: Overview of Action-Focused Treatment Systems .....................................................53 Chapter 16: Behavior Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy ..............................................57 Chapter 17: Reality Therapy ..........................................................................................................61 Part Six: Other Treatment Approaches Chapter 18: Family Systems Approaches ......................................................................................65 Chapter 19: Integrative Therapies ..................................................................................................70 Part Seven: Understanding Treatment Systems Chapter 20: Solidifying Understanding of Treatment Systems .....................................................75 ANSWER KEY…………………………………………………………………………79 Chapter 1………………………………………………………………………………....79 Chapter 2 and 3…………………………………………………………………..………80 Chapter 4…………………………………………………………………………………81 Chapter 5…………………………………………………………………………………82 Chapter 6…………………………………………………………………………………83 Chapter 7 and 8………………………………………………………………………..…84 Chapter 9…………………………………………………………………………………85 Chapter 10………………………………………………………………………………..86 Chapter 11, 12, and 13…………………………………………………………………...87 Chapter 14………………………………………………………………………………..88 Chapter 15………………………………………………………………………………..89 Chapter 16 and 17………………………………………………………………………..90 Chapter 18………………………………………………………………………………..91 Chapter 19………………………………………………………………………………..92 Chapter 20………………………………………………………………………………..93 iii
Chapter 1 Contexts of Effective Treatment MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.
Research on counseling effectiveness (a) shows that counseling is usually effective. (b) is difficult to apply to unique situations. (c) tends to be biased in favor of counseling. (d) shows that short-term therapy is more effective than long-term therapy.
2.
The “B” in the BETA model represents change theories that emphasize (a) behavior. (b) biology. (c) background. (d) biofeedback.
3.
The “E” in the BETA model represents change theories that emphasize (a) empowerment. (b) emotions. (c) environment. (d) exploration.
4.
The “T” in the BETA model represents change theories that emphasize (a) trust. (b) training. (c) transference. (d) thoughts.
5.
The “A” in the BETA model represents change theories that emphasize (a) actions. (b) analysis. (c) adaptation. (d) actualization.
6.
A counselor who believes that a thorough understanding of a client’s childhood is necessary for successful treatment might exemplify_________________ theory. (a) existential (b) humanistic (c) cognitive (d) psychodynamic
7.
Replacing negative thoughts with positive ones would most likely be the goal of a/an ____________________ therapist. (a) behavioral 1
(b) cognitive (c) psychodynamic (d) existential 8. Which of the following is NOT a common factor implicit in almost every form of successful therapy? (a) Provides a collaborative therapeutic alliance between client and clinician. (b) Instills hope and optimism. (c) Promotes clinician’s sense of mastery and expertise. (d) Improves coping, impulse control, stress reduction, and promotes behavioral change. 9.
Which of the following is a common ingredient of successful treatment strategies? (a) An average of 10-15 counseling sessions. (b) The use of affect-based techniques. (c) Matching counselor and client based on gender and culture. (d) Improved client ability to modify thoughts.
10.
The most powerful factor in change appears to be (a) clients’ experiences and inner resources. (b) client optimism. (c) clinician expertise. (d) the techniques and interventions utilized.
11. Which of the following is a problem you would NOT expect to be presented by the Diaz family? (a) Edie’s excessive use of alcohol (b) Edie’s overprotection of her daughter (c) Ava’s acting out (d) Roberto’s over involvement in his work 12.
Which of the following statements is false? (a) Some clients can benefit from treatment more than others regardless of theoretical approach. (b) The therapeutic alliance is an important determinant of treatment outcome. (c) Client motivation is an important determinant of treatment outcome. (d) Clients who do better in therapy attribute it to the techniques and interventions used.
13. Which of the following is NOT an outcome of establishing a positive therapeutic alliance? (a) It prevents ruptures from occurring in the future. (b) It lets the client know that the clinician is listening empathically. (c) It encourages clients’ self-esteem, congruence, and self-disclosure. (d) It encourages client’s positive expectations of change.
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14.
The acronym ADDRESSING is important because: (a) It can improve the clinician’s cultural competence. (b) It helps clinicians understand the effect of their client’s address on their personality. (c) ADDRESSING provides an all-inclusive treatment modality. (d) About 25% of therapists describe themselves as being culturally challenged.
15. Which of the following people is strongly associated with the third force in counseling and psychotherapy? (a) Sigmund Freud (b) Martin Seligman (c) Albert Ellis (d) Carl Rogers 16.
Which client characteristic seems unrelated to outcome? (a) intelligence (b) age (c) education (d) socioeconomic level
17.
The most powerful predictor of treatment outcome is the (a) nature of the relationship between clinician and client. (b) theoretical orientation of the clinician. (c) client’s sense of self-efficacy. (d) number of counseling sessions.
18.
A 30-year-old African American female says she would feel most comfortable with a clinician of similar age and background. To enhance the therapeutic alliance, it would be best to (a) pair her with an older African American counselor to minimize transference. (b) assign her to a clinician who specializes in her presenting problem, regardless of other factors. (c) assign her to a clinician who is very different than she to gently challenge her assumptions and stereotypes. (d) honor her request as closely as possible.
19.
A distinguishing characteristic of a sound therapeutic alliance is (a) shared goals created in collaboration with the client. (b) client’s access to an extensive support system. (c) an emphasis on personal growth and spirituality. (d) a clinician who uses caring confrontations.
20.
As predictors of positive treatment outcome, techniques and interventions (a) have little predictive value. (b) are not as important as the clinician-client relationship. (c) are not as accurate as the clinician’s level of education. 3