Type:
Test Bank and Solution Manual
Resource:
Prescott’s Microbiology
Edition:
9th Edition
Author(s):
Joanne Willey Linda Sherwood Christopher J. Woolverton
Student:
1.
Extant microorganisms are organisms from the fossil record that are no longer present on Earth today. True False 2. All cellular organisms can be placed into one of three and the Eukarya.
, which include the Bacteria, Archaea,
3.
Archaea are cellular organisms that have unique cell membrane
.
4.
Microbiologists study a variety of organisms, but all are considered either Bacteria or Archaea. True False
5.
All eukaryotes have a membrane-delimited nucleus. True False
6.
Viruses are not generally studied by microbiologists because they are not classified as living organisms. True False 7.
Viruses constitute the fourth domain of life in current biological classification schemes. True False
8.
Protists contain all of the following forms of life except A. protozoa. B. fungi. C. slime molds. D. algae.
9.
Cells with a relatively complex morphology that have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called A. prokaryotes. B. eukaryotes. C. urkaryotes. D. nokaryotes.
10. Cells with a relatively simple cell morphology that do not have a true membrane-delimited nucleus are called A. prokaryotes. B. eukaryotes. C. urkaryotes. D. nokaryotes. 11. The ribosomal RNA studies that led to the division of prokaryotic organisms into the Bacteria and the Archaea were begun by A. Pasteur. B. Woese. C. Needham. D. Watson.
12. Definition of life includes all of the following except A. cells maintain internal order. B. cells use energy and have a metabolism. C. cells reproduce. D. cells lack response to external environment. 13. Proteins function in modern cells as A. catalysts. B. hereditary information. C. structural elements. D. both catalysts and structural elements. 14. RNA serves to convert the information stored in DNA to A. carbohydrates B. protein C. lipids D. RNA
.
15. Catalytic proteins speed up the myriad of chemical reactions that occur in cells; these proteins are known as A. ribozymes B. nucleic acids C. enzymes D. lipids 16. The earliest microbial fossils that have been found are dated from approximately 4.5 million years ago. True False 17. Which of the following distinguish the field of microbiology from other fields of biology? A. The size of the organism studied. B. The techniques used to study organisms regardless of their size. C. Both the size of the organism studied and the techniques employed in the study of organisms. D. Neither the size of the organism studied nor the techniques employed in the study of organisms regardless of their size. 18. Who of the following developed a set of criteria that could be used to establish a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease? A. Fracastoro B. Koch C. Pasteur D. Lister 19. Who of the following was the first to observe and accurately describe microorganisms? A. Pasteur B. Lister C. van Leeuwenhoek D. Tyndall 20. Who of the following provided the evidence needed to discredit the concept of spontaneous generation? A. Pasteur B. Koch C. Semmelweiss D. Lister
21. The concept that living organisms arise from nonliving material is called A. biogenesis. B. cell theory. C. spontaneous generation. D. germ theory. 22. The concept that human and animal diseases are caused by microorganisms is called the A. cell theory. B. germ theory. C. causative theory. D. disease theory. 23. Whose work on spontaneous generation first demonstrated the existence of a very heat-resistant form of bacteria that are called endospores? A. Schwann B. Redi C. Tyndall D. Pasteur 24. Antiseptic surgery was pioneered by A. Pasteur. B. Lister. C. Jenner. D. Kitasato. 25. Studies by Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato demonstrated that inactivated toxins can induce the synthesis of antitoxins in the blood of rabbits. These antitoxins (antibodies) are the basis of A. humoral immunity. B. cell-mediated immunity. C. antibiotic immunity. D. phagocyte-mediated immunity. 26. The first surgical antiseptic to be used was A. iodine. B. ethanol. C. phenol. D. none of the choices. 27. Old cultures of bacteria that have lost their ability to cause disease are said to be A. impotent. B. virulent. C. pathogenic. D. attenuated. 28. Who is credited with developing and documenting the first vaccination procedure against smallpox? A. Koch B. Pasteur C. Jenner D. Lister 29. Who is credited with developing a vaccine against chicken cholera? A. Koch B. Pasteur C. Jenner D. Lister
30. Who of the following first discovered that some blood leukocytes could engulf disease-causing bacteria? A. von Behring B. Meister C. Metchnikoff D. Ivanowski 31. The use of enrichment cultures and selective media was pioneered by A. Beijerinck. B. Jenner. C. Pasteur. D. von Behring. 32. Fanny Hesse first suggested that agar be used to solidify microbiological media. True False 33. M. J. Berkeley demonstrated that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by a fungus. True False 34. Invisible living creatures were thought to exist and cause disease long before they were ever observed. True False 35. Koch's postulates were instrumental in establishing that Mycobacterium leprae is the cause of leprosy. True False 36. Edward Jenner's work in preventing rabies led to the use of the term vaccination to describe a type of procedure used in the prevention of disease. True False 37. Although developed over 100 years ago, Koch's postulates continue to be used successfully in all known human infectious diseases. True False 38. The criteria for establishing a causative link between a particular microorganism and a particular disease were first proposed by Jacob Henle. True False 39. Viruses and bacteria were first cultured in the laboratory at about the same time. True False 40. Agar is used as a solidifying agent for microbiological media because it is not readily digested by most microorganisms. True False 41. Charles Chamberland developed porcelain filters that allowed other scientists to demonstrate that viruses are smaller than bacteria. True False 42. The first disease to be identified as being caused by a virus was tobacco mosaic disease. True False 43. John Tyndall demonstrated that microorganisms present in the air are carried on dust particles. True False 44. Agastino Bassi demonstrated that a type of silkworm disease was caused by a fungus and proposed that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. True False