Type:
Test Bank
Resource:
Essentials of Oceanography
Edition:
13th Edition
Author(s):
Alan P. Trujillo Harold Thurman
Essentials of Oceanography, 13e (Trujillo) Chapter 1 Introduction to Planet "Earth" Section 1.1 1) The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the ________. A) Atlantic, Arctic, Mediterranean, Southern, and Pacific Oceans B) Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans C) Atlantic, Antarctic, Southern, Mediterranean, and Pacific Oceans D) Antarctic, Caspian, Southern, Indian, and Pacific Oceans E) Antarctic, Arctic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 2) The largest of the ocean basins, which currently covers more than half of the ocean surface, is the ________. A) Arctic Ocean B) Atlantic Ocean C) Indian Ocean D) Pacific Ocean E) Southern Ocean Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 3) The average depth of the world's oceans is approximately ________. A) 11,022 meters (36,161 feet) B) 840 meters (2,756 feet) C) 3,682 meters (12,080 feet) D) 2,172 meters (7,126 feet) E) 5,280 meters (17,323 feet) Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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4) Which of the following is TRUE concerning the deepest part of the ocean? A) The bottom of this trench has never been reached by a submersible. B) The deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of Japan. C) The depth of this trench exceeds the height of Mount Everest. D) The depth of this trench is estimated at 15,000 meters. E) This trench is called the Philippine Trench. Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 5) Which ocean is the smallest and shallowest? A) Atlantic B) Arctic C) Indian D) Pacific E) Southern Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 6) Which of the following is not a sea? A) The Mediterranean Sea B) The Adriatic Sea C) The Red Sea D) The Yellow Sea E) The Black Sea Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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7) The oceans cover approximately ________ percent of the Earth's surface. A) 50 B) 60 C) 70 D) 80 E) 90 Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 8) Which ocean is the smallest? A) Arctic Ocean B) Atlantic Ocean C) Indian Ocean D) Pacific Ocean E) Southern Ocean Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 9) Today, more than ________ seas, bays, and gulfs are recognized worldwide. A) 50 B) 100 C) 150 D) 200 E) 250 Answer: B Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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10) The deepest part of the ocean is the Mariana Trench; it has been visited by humans twice in which two years? A) 1930 and 1998 B) 1940 and 2000 C) 1950 and 2010 D) 1960 and 2012 E) 1970 and 2014 Answer: D Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 11) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Mediterranean B) Arctic C) Atlantic D) Indian E) Pacific Answer: A Diff: 4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 12) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Adriatic B) Black C) Caspian D) Indian E) Mediterranean Answer: D Diff: 4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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13) Our world ocean can be divided into four principal oceans plus an additional ocean, based on the ________ of the ocean basins and the ________ of the continents. A) shape; position B) position; latitude C) size; shape D) depth; elevation Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 14) Which of the following statements about the Pacific Ocean is TRUE? A) The Pacific Ocean is about three times larger than the next largest ocean. B) The Pacific Ocean covers more than two-thirds of the ocean surface area on Earth. C) The Pacific Ocean is the second largest geographic feature on the planet. D) The Pacific Ocean spans more than one-half of Earth's entire surface. E) All of the continents could fit into the space occupied by the Pacific Ocean. Answer: E Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 15) Which ocean covers more than half of the ocean surface area on Earth? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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16) Which ocean is the single largest geographic feature on the planet? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 17) Which ocean is the deepest ocean in the world? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Southern Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 18) Which ocean's name comes from a word meaning peace? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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19) Which ocean is similar in size and average depth to the Indian Ocean? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Southern Ocean Answer: B Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 20) Which ocean is mostly, but not entirely, in the southern hemisphere? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean Answer: C Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 21) Which ocean is the shallowest ocean in the world? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean Answer: D Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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22) Based on definition, it is more appropriate to consider which ocean as a sea? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Antarctic Ocean Answer: D Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 23) Which ocean is actually a part of three other oceans? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean E) The Southern Ocean Answer: E Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 24) Which of the following modern seven seas was also recognized by pre-15th century Europeans as one of their seven seas? A) The Red Sea B) The Mediterranean Sea C) The Black Sea D) The Caspian Sea E) The Indian Ocean Answer: E Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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25) Which ocean was considered by 14th century Europeans to be one of the seven seas? A) The Pacific Ocean B) The Atlantic Ocean C) The Indian Ocean D) The Arctic Ocean Answer: C Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 26) Describe the difference between an ocean and a sea. Answer: The world ocean is the large body of salt water that covers the majority of the earth's surface (roughly 71%). The world ocean is customarily divided into smaller ocean basins that are bordered by continents or latitude lines. One example is the Atlantic Ocean, which is bordered on the west by North and South America, to the east by Europe and Africa, to the north by the Arctic Circle (60°N), and to the south by the Antarctic Circle (60°S). In contrast, a sea is a smaller subdivision of the ocean surrounded by land such as the Black Sea in Eastern Europe. Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.1 How Are Earth's Oceans Unique? Essent'l Concept: 1.1 Compare the characteristics of Earth's oceans OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. Section 1.2 1) The first humans from Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the ________. A) Polynesians B) Greeks C) Vikings D) Phoenicians E) New Zealanders Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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2) The method of determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere by measuring the angle between an observer's line of site to the North Star and line of site to the northern horizon was developed by ________. A) Pytheas B) Eratosthenes C) Herodotus D) Seneca E) Ptolemy Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 3) The first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the Earth using trigonometry and the angle of sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt, was ________. A) Pytheas B) Eratosthenes C) Herodotus D) Seneca E) Ptolemy Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 4) Most of the explorations by northern and western Europeans during the Middle (Dark) Ages were undertaken by ________. A) Italy B) Portugal C) Vikings of Scandinavia D) France E) Spain Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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5) The European "Age of Discovery" began with ________. A) Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World" B) Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe C) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean D) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands E) Viking voyages to North America Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 6) The European "Age of Discovery" ended with ________. A) Christopher Columbus' discovery of the "New World" B) Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe C) Phoenician exploration of the Mediterranean D) Polynesian colonization of Pacific Islands E) Viking voyages to North America Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 7) Which of the following was not a ship of Captain James Cook's? A) Adventure B) Discovery C) Endeavour D) Resolution Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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8) What is scurvy? A) Vitamin A deficiency B) Vitamin B deficiency C) Vitamin C deficiency D) Vitamin D deficiency E) Vitamin E deficiency Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 9) Captain James Cook's second voyage took place during which years? A) 1750-1754 B) 1768-1771 C) 1772-1775 D) 1776-1780 E) 1780-1783 Answer: C Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 10) Which explorer was not known in the Age of the Discovery in Europe? A) John Cabot B) Christopher Columbus C) Vasco da Gama D) Leif Eriksson E) Ferdinand Magellan Answer: D Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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11) Which European navigator was known for using a simple method for determining latitude in the Northern Hemisphere? A) Phoenicians B) Erathosthenes C) Claudius Ptolemy D) Pytheas Answer: D Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 12) The Library of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great, where is it located? A) Egypt B) Turkey C) Syria D) Libya E) Greece Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 13) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Eratosthenes B) Herodotus C) Ptolemy D) Pytheas E) Magellan Answer: E Diff: 4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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14) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Vasco de Gama B) Ptolemy C) Christopher Columbus D) John Cabot E) Ferdinand Magellan Answer: B Diff: 4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 15) Archeological evidence suggests that boat technology was developed about ________ years ago. A) 50,000 B) 5,000 C) 500,000 D) 4,000,000 Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 16) Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated last? A) Easter Island B) Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa C) Marquesas D) Hawaiian Islands E) New Zealand Answer: A Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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17) Which of the following parts of Polynesia was populated first? A) Easter Island B) Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa C) Marquesas D) Hawaiian Islands E) New Zealand Answer: B Diff: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 18) The first recorded circumnavigation of Africa was made by the ________. A) Phoenicians B) Greeks C) Chinese D) Polynesians Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 19) Who is credited with being the first person to accurately determine Earth's circumference? A) Eratosthenes B) Erik Thorvaldson C) Claudius Ptolemy D) Christopher Columbus E) Pytheas Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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20) Which of the following Vikings is credited with discovering Greenland? A) Erik Thorvaldson B) Bjarni Herjolfsson C) Leif Eriksson D) Thor Heyerdahl Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 21) Who of the following is thought to be the first Viking to have seen what is now called Newfoundland? A) Erik Thorvaldson B) Bjarni Herjolfsson C) Leif Eriksson D) Thor Heyerdahl E) Prince Henry the Navigator Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 22) Who sailed from Europe around the tip of Africa to India and established a new trade route? A) Giovanni Caboto B) Ferdinand Magellan C) Juan Sebastian del Caño D) Vasco Nunez de Balboa E) Vasco da Gama Answer: E Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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23) Who is credited with being the first European to see the Pacific Ocean? A) Ferdinand Magellan B) Juan Sebastian del Caño C) Vasco Nunez de Balboa D) James Cook E) Vasco da Gama Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 24) Who was killed in Hawaii during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? A) Prince Henry the Navigator B) Giovanni Caboto C) Ferdinand Magellan D) James Cook E) Vasco da Gama Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 25) Who was killed in the Philippines during his last sea voyage after a skirmish with local people? A) Prince Henry the Navigator B) Giovanni Caboto C) Ferdinand Magellan D) James Cook E) Vasco da Gama Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored.
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26) Who left Spain in September 1519 and became the first person to complete a circumnavigation of the globe when he returned to Spain three years later? A) Giovanni Caboto B) Ferdinand Magellan C) Juan Sebastian del Caño D) Vasco Nunez de Balboa E) Vasco da Gama Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 27) Prior to 1768, which of the following claimed the most human lives at sea? A) Scurvy B) Contagious disease C) Gunfire D) Shipwreck Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 7 The ocean is largely unexplored. 28) List some of the major achievements of Captain James Cook. Answer: Captain James Cook (1728-1779) was a British navigator and explorer who undertook three voyages of scientific discovery from 1768-1779. Cook explored the Southern Ocean around Antarctica in an attempt to find the continent. He also extensively explored the Pacific Ocean and mapped previously unknown island groups, including Hawaii. Cook initiated systematic sampling of subsurface water temperatures, measured winds and currents, and took soundings of bottom depths. Cook also used John Harrison's chronometer as a means of determining longitude at sea. Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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29) Discuss advances in oceanographic navigation occurring over the course of human history. Answer: Early mariners used the Sun and Moon, the nighttime stars, the behavior of marine organisms, various ocean properties to navigate. Early Polynesian navigators sailed to small islands located at great distances across the Pacific Ocean with the help of an ingenious device called a stick chart, a map that depicts the dominant pattern of ocean waves. European sailors determined latitude at sea by measuring the position of the Sun and stars using a sextant. It wasn't until the 1730s that determining longitude as sea was possible when John Harrison created chronometers, accurate clocks that were not affected by the swaying of the boat. Today, navigating at sea relies on the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites that send continuous radio signals to the surface. Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.2 How Was Early Exploration of the Oceans Achieved? Essent'l Concept: 1.2 Discuss how early exploration of the oceans was achieved OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. Section 1.3 1) What does NOAA stand for? A) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration B) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association C) National Oceanic and Atlas Association D) National Oceanic and Atlas Administration Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.3 What Fields of Science Does Oceanography Include? Essent'l Concept: 1.3 Explain why oceanography is considered an interdisciplinary science OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected. 2) When was the term "oceanography" first coined? A) 1850s B) 1870s C) 1890s D) 1900s E) 2000s Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.3 What Fields of Science Does Oceanography Include? Essent'l Concept: 1.3 Explain why oceanography is considered an interdisciplinary science OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
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3) Oceanography is divided into four different academic disciplines or subfields of study. Which one is not mentioned in the textbook? A) Biological oceanography B) Chemical oceanography C) Geological oceanography D) Historical oceanography E) Physical oceanography Answer: D Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.3 What Fields of Science Does Oceanography Include? Essent'l Concept: 1.3 Explain why oceanography is considered an interdisciplinary science OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected. 4) Oceanography is considered to be an interdisciplinary science with a chemistry component. Which of the following is not a part of chemistry? A) Microbiology B) Dissolved components C) Temperature dependence D) Stratification/density E) Chemical tracers Answer: A Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.3 What Fields of Science Does Oceanography Include? Essent'l Concept: 1.3 Explain why oceanography is considered an interdisciplinary science OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected. 5) The study of the structure of the sea floor and how the sea floor has changed through time is an example of ________ oceanography. A) archaeological B) biological C) chemical D) geological E) physical Answer: D Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.3 What Fields of Science Does Oceanography Include? Essent'l Concept: 1.3 Explain why oceanography is considered an interdisciplinary science OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.
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6) The study of the transmission of light and sound in the oceans is an example of ________ oceanography. A) archaeological B) biological C) chemical D) geological E) physical Answer: E Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.3 What Fields of Science Does Oceanography Include? Essent'l Concept: 1.3 Explain why oceanography is considered an interdisciplinary science OSLP: 6 The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected. Section 1.4 1) A tentative, testable statement about the general nature of a phenomenon is called a(n) ________. A) guess B) law C) observation D) hypothesis E) theory Answer: D Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.4 What Is the Process of Science and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry? Essent'l Concept: 1.4 Describe the process of science and the nature of scientific inquiry OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 2) Plate tectonics and evolution, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification, are examples of ________. A) guesses B) laws C) observations D) hypotheses E) theories Answer: E Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.4 What Is the Process of Science and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry? Essent'l Concept: 1.4 Describe the process of science and the nature of scientific inquiry OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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3) ________ are events and phenomena that we can detect with our senses. A) Guesses B) Laws C) Observations D) Hypothesis E) Theories Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.4 What Is the Process of Science and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry? Essent'l Concept: 1.4 Describe the process of science and the nature of scientific inquiry OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 4) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. A) Observation B) Hypothesis C) Belief D) Theory E) Testing Answer: C Diff: 4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.4 What Is the Process of Science and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry? Essent'l Concept: 1.4 Describe the process of science and the nature of scientific inquiry OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features. 5) Differentiate between a hypothesis and a theory. Answer: A hypothesis is a stated relationship between observed phenomena that can be tested; in other words, it is a tentative explanation. A theory is a relationship between observed phenomena (variables) that has withstood repeated independent testing over time and has broad explanatory power for an observed pattern or process. Diff: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.4 What Is the Process of Science and the Nature of Scientific Inquiry? Essent'l Concept: 1.4 Describe the process of science and the nature of scientific inquiry OSLP: 1 The Earth has one big ocean with many features.
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Section 1.5 1) The Sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a ________. A) nebula B) solar system C) protoplanet D) quasar E) supernova Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed? Essent'l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed OSLP: 4 The ocean made Earth habitable. 2) The nebular hypothesis suggests that ________. A) all bodies in the solar system formed from an enormous gas cloud B) Earth's moon is an asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity C) galaxies such as the Milky Way form independent of one another D) the Earth was formed by a cosmic explosion, a "big bang" E) the Moon is derived from a protoplanet Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed? Essent'l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed OSLP: 4 The ocean made Earth habitable. 3) The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the ________. A) decrease in temperature downward toward the core B) differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth C) gravitational force created by the rotating Earth D) initial collection of materials and their position in Earth E) presence of water at Earth's surface Answer: B Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed? Essent'l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed OSLP: 4 The ocean made Earth habitable.
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4) Oceanic crust is primarily ________. A) basalt B) carbonate sedimentary rocks C) clay minerals D) granite E) siltstone Answer: A Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed? Essent'l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed OSLP: 4 The ocean made Earth habitable. 5) Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is TRUE? A) Continental crust and oceanic crust have equivalent densities. B) Continental crust is thicker and denser than oceanic crust. C) Continental crust is thinner and denser than oceanic crust. D) Continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust. E) Continental crust is thinner and less dense than oceanic crust. Answer: D Diff: 4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed? Essent'l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed OSLP: 4 The ocean made Earth habitable. 6) What is the main rock type of oceanic crust? A) Granite B) Diorite C) Basalt D) Quartzite E) Andesite Answer: C Diff: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Section: 1.5 How Were Earth and the Solar System Formed? Essent'l Concept: 1.5 Explain how Earth and the solar system were formed OSLP: 4 The ocean made Earth habitable.
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