Type:
Test Bank
Resource:
Essential Environment The Science Behind the Stories
Edition:
6th Edition
Author(s):
Jay Withgott Matthew Laposata
Exam Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Use the figure above to answer the following question(s).
1) How many citizens of Mexico does it take to equal the ecological footprint of the average citizen of the United States? A) It takes just over three Mexican citizens to equal the ecological footprint of the average U.S. citizen. B) They are essentially equal.
C) It takes just over eight Mexican citizens to equal the ecological footprint of the average U.S. citizen.
D) It takes just over two Mexican citizens to equal the ecological footprint of the average U.S. citizen.
E) It takes about 12 Mexican citizens to equal the ecological footprint of the average U.S. citizen.
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2) If everyone on the planet had an ecological footprint the size of the average citizen of the United
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States, then ________. A) we would be able to provide for everyone without much difficulty by using the 50% of the land currently not being used for agriculture B) about 50% of the people would starve
C) we would have 50% more food to go around D) we could support 50% more people on our planet E) we would need at least two more planet Earths to feed and support everyone 3) The U.S. average footprint is about ________ times larger than the average world footprint. A) 3 B) 6.7 C) 5 D) 2 E) 2.5
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4) The average footprint per person has increased from 2.2 to 2.9 since 2008, and the footprints of
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many developing nations, such as India and China, have also increased. This means that ________. A) the populations of both India and China have decreased since 2008
B) our collective lifestyle is even more unsustainable than before C) our collective lifestyle is slightly more sustainable than before D) some nations no longer have a measurable footprint E) the ability of the planet to sustain human beings has increased 5) Geothermal energy, wind, and solar radiation are all examples of ________. A) nonrenewable natural resources B) exhaustible renewable natural resources C) inexhaustible renewable natural resources D) biotic environmental factors E) biodegradable materials
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6) Nonrenewable natural resources include all of the following EXCEPT: A) natural gas. B) minerals. C) crude oil. D) coal. E) wind.
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7) Ecosystem services ________. A) contribute to keeping ecosystems productive B) are required to rebalance natural systems that we have disturbed C) are not necessary to sustainable systems D) are economically valuable services provided by natural systems E) are valuable to natural systems but not to human-created systems
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8) Today (2018), there are about ________. A) 5.35 billion people on Earth, the same as for the past 6 years B) 2% fewer people on Earth than in 2010 C) 9 billion people on Earth D) 7.5 billion people on Earth E) 10 billion people on Earth 9) Global population is projected to be nearly ________ in 2050. A) 7 billion B) 11 billion C) 9 billion
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9) D) 10 billion
E) 8 billion
10) To determine your specific impacts on the environment, you can ________. A) measure the volume and type of all the wastes you contribute to the municipal waste stream B) calculate your ecological footprint C) measure local air pollution and its impacts on your health D) determine your current water pollution impact E) calculate the biodiversity of your local community
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11) By studying ancient civilizations, such as the Greek and Roman empires and the Angkor
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civilization of Southeast Asia, historians have concluded that these civilizations declined partly because of ________. A) sustainable practices
B) overabundance of resources C) floods D) fires E) environmental degradation due to unsustainable use of resources 12) Solutions to environmental problems ________. A) must be designed with sustainable goals B) must be on a local scale C) must be short term D) are best designed and discussed in the political arena E) can be implemented only by scientists
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13) Which of the following best describes the practice of environmental science? A) elitist and unnecessary B) integrative and interdisciplinary C) highly specialized and focused D) theoretical and controversial E) abstract and theoretical
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14) Academic environmental programs that emphasize the social sciences are often called ________
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programs. A) resource studies
B) wildlife management C) environmental studies D) environmental science E) ecological science 15) Scientific inquiry is based on ________. A) making huge leaps of knowledge with scientific insights B) facts that can be proven true without experimental manipulation C) an expanding knowledge based on observation, questioning, testing and discovery D) designing experiments that have never been done before E) the production of technological advances
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16) The scientific process and scientific knowledge are based on ________. A) a systematic process of learning about and testing our understanding of the world B) the fact that all hypotheses can be proven true C) observation alone D) quantitative data alone E) guesses based on personal feelings about the subject under inquiry
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17) Sachiko and Fred are having a discussion about the scientific method. Sachiko makes the
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comment that every time she sees people carrying open umbrellas, she also sees several minor car accidents. This is a(n) ________. A) scientific study
B) hypothesis C) theory about umbrellas D) observation E) theory about car accidents 18) A hypothesis is ________. A) a proven scientific fact B) a prediction about something that has not yet been observed C) a testable proposition that explains an observed phenomenon or answers a question D) the design of an experiment that can be used in scientific inquiry E) an instrument that is used to examine environmental conditions
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19) An experiment ________. A) is an activity designed to test the validity of a hypothesis B) does not need to be repeated if well designed C) often involves manipulating as many variables as possible D) involves only collection of quantitative data E) is designed to generate new scientific hypothesis
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20) A pharmaceutical company wishes to study a possible new headache medicine. They are doing
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human trials with 1000 volunteers and need to ________. A) randomly assign each person to either the treatment group or control group
B) divide the groups by level of health C) put all women in the control group and all men in the experimental group D) have 10 volunteers in the control group E) give both control and experimental groups the same amount of the new medication 21) In a controlled experiment, ________. A) the researcher knows the outcome before beginning the experiment B) you need only a single experimental organism, which is tested again and again C) the researcher has several hypotheses, one of which will be proven correct D) the experimental organisms have all been used before and given good results E) the researcher controls for the effects of all variables except one
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22) Quantitative data ________. A) cannot be replicated B) are data that are expressed as numbers and can be tested using statistics C) cannot be used to support or disprove hypotheses D) have variables that may not have been properly manipulated E) fall into categories, such as male/female, school of attendance, what dorm you live in,
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23) In a manipulative experiment, ________. A) researchers manipulate the dependent variable B) replication of the experiment is not necessary C) researchers manipulate the independent variable D) researchers manipulate as many variables as possible E) the peer review process is bypassed
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24) Ruben has a new puppy and wants to feed it the best possible food. He decides on an experiment
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whether you have pets, etc.
where he will feed it the very best canned food plus a dietary supplement of vitamins recommended by a veterinarian. Which of the following best describes Ruben's project? A) Ruben needs to take careful measurements of the puppy's weight and height at least once a week for it to be a good experiment. B) Ruben needs to control for the amount of exercise, sunshine, water, and care that the puppy gets each week, so that they are equal from week to week. C) This is an example of an excellent controlled experiment as it is written.
D) Ruben needs to use his mother's 6-year-old chocolate Shar-Pei to feed a standard diet so he can compare his puppy with a control dog. E) This is not an experiment there are no controls or replicates.
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25) The process by which several researchers review another researcher's manuscript prior to
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publication to ensure research quality is referred to as ________. A) investigative inquiry
B) hypothesis testing C) quality control D) critical analysis E) peer review 26) Which of the following best embodies the qualities of a scientific theory? A) Squirrels in central Illinois prefer to build their nests in oak trees instead of hickory trees. B) Dangerous wildfires in California could be avoided by better fire prevention strategies. C) Students who study for their environmental science exams will perform better on those
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27) A paradigm ________. A) is a means of evaluating scientific hypotheses B) can only come from qualitative data C) is synonymous with the scientific method D) is a dominant world view in science E) is a group of several hypotheses that can be tested together
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28) A study's results are deemed worthy of acceptance into the body of scientific knowledge if they
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exams than those who do not. D) Prairies that have larges herds of bison show greater plant diversity than prairies without bison. E) All gases, liquids, and solids consist of atoms.
are published in journals that ________. A) are funded by corporations funding the research
B) meet guidelines advocated by environmentalists or consumer groups C) charge a high fee for acceptance D) conform to current political and religious views E) use the peer review process 29) ________ believe that the guidelines for making environmental decisions are context-specific, depending on the cultures, social issues, and other factors framing the decision. A) Preservationists
B) Relativists C) Followers of Leopold's land ethic D) Universalists E) Conservationists
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