Type:
Test Bank
Resource:
Ecology The Economy of Nature
Edition:
9th Edition
Author(s):
Rick Relyea
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Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 1. Which ecological level would be of most interest to an ecologist studying adaptations? a. ecosystem b. population c. individual d. community ANSWER: c 2. Which of the following is NOT a property used in the study of populations? a. density b. change in size c. composition d. interactions with other populations ANSWER: d 3. Which level of ecological hierarchy includes the movement of water and air? a. community b. population c. ecosystem d. biosphere ANSWER: d 4. A group of organisms that interbreeds in nature and produces fertile offspring is called a a. population. b. species. c. community. d. prokaryote. ANSWER: b 5. The boundaries of communities are a. difficult for species to cross. b. flexible. c. clear and distinct. d. never overlapping. ANSWER: b 6. Which is the correct hierarchy of ecological systems, from smallest to largest? a. ecosystem, biosphere, community, population, individual b. individual, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere c. individual, population, ecosystem, biosphere, community Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 d. individual, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere ANSWER: d 7. Which of the following systems is composed of assemblages of organisms together with their physical and chemical environments? a. organism b. population c. community d. ecosystem ANSWER: d 8. An ecologist who studies populations would most likely be interested in a. adaptations that help individual organisms live in their environment. b. births and deaths of individuals belonging to a particular species in a particular place. c. the number and relative abundance of species living in a particular place. d. physical and chemical transformations of energy and materials in the soil, atmosphere, and water. ANSWER: b 9. The first law of thermodynamics states that a. life requires energy to be continually added to Earth. b. matter cannot be created or destroyed. c. when energy changes form, some energy is lost. d. energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only change form. ANSWER: d 10. In a dynamic steady state a. there are no inputs or outputs to the system. b. the second law of thermodynamics does not apply. c. there is no net change in the system. d. the system will continue to grow. ANSWER: c 11. In evolution by natural selection, which of the following is true? a. All individuals within a population are identical. b. Some individuals have a higher fitness because of their traits. c. Offspring inherit every trait from both parents. d. The fitness of an individual refers to the strength of the individual. ANSWER: b 12. How can species interactions increase the rate at which species evolve? a. Interactions reduce the effects of natural selection. Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 b. Interactions increase the fitness of all individuals. c. Interactions make certain traits more useful. d. Interactions reduce the genetic variety in individuals. ANSWER: c 13. A phenotype is a. the traits an individual can pass on to its offspring. b. the expression of an individual’s traits. c. the genes an individual possesses. d. a trait caused by interaction with another species. ANSWER: b 14. To maintain a dynamic steady state in a community, which two factors must balance? a. new species arrivals and current species extinctions b. immigration and emigration c. births and deaths d. food consumed and energy expended ANSWER: a 15. At what ecological level does evolution occur? a. individual b. population c. ecosystem d. community ANSWER: b 16. Which feature is found in eukaryotic organisms but not in prokaryotic organisms? a. inability to photosynthesize. b. DNA. c. mitochondria. d. single-cell structure. ANSWER: c 17. Blue-green algae are a. protists. b. bacteria. c. plants. d. fungi. ANSWER: b 18. Organisms that use photosynthesis or chemosynthesis are Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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Chapter 1 a. autotrophs. b. consumers. c. heterotrophs. d. herbivores. ANSWER: a 19. Which interaction is characterized by negative effects on the fitness of both species involved? a. predation b. herbivory c. commensalism d. competition ANSWER: d 20. A mixotroph is an organism that a. consumes dead organic matter. b. can be both a parasite and a predator. c. survives only because of a symbiotic relationship. d. can use multiple methods to obtain energy. ANSWER: d 21. The range of biotic and abiotic conditions a species can tolerate is its a. community. b. habitat. c. niche. d. ecosystem role. ANSWER: c 22. Which group of organisms function as decomposers? a. plants. b. animals. c. fungi. d. protists. ANSWER: c 23. Which consumes dead organic matter? a. detritivore b. herbivore c. parasite d. predator ANSWER: a Copyright Macmillan Learning. Powered by Cognero.
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