Type:
Solution Manual
Resource:
Earth System History
Edition:
4th Edition
Author(s):
Steven M. Stanley John A. Luczaj
Earth System History, 4th Edition, by Steven M. Stanley and John A. Luczaj Test Bank, Chapter 02
1. Silicon has an atomic number of 14, meaning that all atoms of silicon have A) 14 nuclei. B) 14 neutrons. C) 14 protons. D) 14 electrons. Ans: C 2. The radioactive isotope of carbon is A) carbon 15. B) carbon 14. C) carbon 13. D) carbon 12. Ans: B 3. A) B) C) D)
consist of a unique kind of atom. Chemical elements Atomic masses Molecules Chemical compounds Ans: A
4. Ionic bonding occurs in A) seawater. B) halite. C) diamond. D) graphite. Ans: B 5.
precipitates directly from seawater as tiny needle-like crystals, which accumulate on the shallow sea floor as . A) Calcite; calcite crystals B) Halite; evaporite minerals C) Aragonite; carbonate mud D) Calcite; coral skeletons Ans: C
6. In some places, the strontium ion substitutes for the carbonate crystal structure. A) sodium B) calcium C) chlorine D) carbon Ans: B
ion
within
the
calcium
7. In the atomic structure of diamond, each carbon atom is covalently bonded with other carbon atom(s) in the diamond structure shown. A) four B) three C) two D) one Ans: A 8. The outermost shell of the chlorine atom, prior to bonding with sodium to form a common mineral (NaCl), contains how many electrons? A) 8 B) 7 C) 6 D) 5 Ans: B 9. Minerals containing the complex ion SO42– are called A) sulfides. B) sulfates. C) oxides. D) silicates. Ans: B 10.Of the major mineral groups, the one that is dominant in all igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks is called A) sulfates. B) carbonates. C) silicates. D) sulfides. Ans: C
11.Dolomite resembles calcite in many ways, but in approximately half of the sites where there could be calcium ions in dolomite's crystal structure, there is instead a(n) ion. A) magnesium B) iron C) strontium D) carbon Ans: A 12.Hematite is an example of the major mineral group called A) sulfates. B) carbonates. C) silicates. D) oxides. Ans: D 13. A) B) C) D)
is a kind of igneous rock that is high in silica and contains two types of feldspars. Granite Gabbro Felsic Basalt Ans: A
14.Coarse grain size (or crystal size) is usually found in A) flood basalts. B) pillow lavas. C) plutons. D) tuffs. Ans: C 15.Mud is a mixture of A) sand and silt. B) silt and clay. C) pebbles and sand. D) pebbles and cobbles. Ans: B
16.A sedimentary particle that is 1/128 millimeter in diameter is classified as A) clay. B) silt. C) sand. D) pebble. Ans: C 17.Of the siliciclastic rocks that have mainly sand-sized grains, the one with at least 25% percent feldspar sand grains is called A) arkose. B) breccia. C) graywacke. D) lithic sandstone. Ans: A 18.The main chemical process that occurs during lithification is called A) compaction. B) cementation. C) weathering. D) evaporation. Ans: B 19.Chert can form by biogenic processes (for example, as deposits from silica-rich solutions moving through rock) or by the process of A) evaporation of seawater. B) direct precipitation from seawater. C) compaction and cementation. D) Native Americans making arrowheads. Ans: B 20. are sediments consisting of nearly spherical grains, which grow in modern seas by rolling around and accumulating aragonite needles on their surfaces. A) Oolites B) Ooids C) Cherts D) Coals Ans: A