Type:
Textbook
Choices: Interviewing Resource: and Counselling Skills for Canadians Edition:
8th Edition
Author(s): Bob Shebib Douglas College
Brief Contents Chapter 1 Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness
1
Chapter 2 Cultural Intelligence
44
Chapter 3 The Process, Skills, and Pitfalls of Counselling
88
Chapter 4 Relationship: The Foundation for Change
123
Chapter 5 Listening and Responding: The Beginning of Understanding
156
Chapter 6 Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning
191
Chapter 7 Empathic Connections
227
Chapter 8 Supporting Empowerment and Change
263
Chapter 9 Engaging with Hard-to-Reach Clients
310
Chapter 10 Mental Health and Substance Misuse
347
Chapter 11 Neuroscience and Counselling
393
iii
Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments
1
2
xxiii
Cultural Intelligence
44
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
44
Professional Identity: Ethics, Values, and Self-Awareness 1
The Elements of Cultural Intelligence
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1
Canadian Diversity
2
BRAIN BYTE Cultural Neuroscience
Creating Safety for Change The Counselling Community
CONVERSATION 1.1 Gallows Humour
5
Ethics: Doing What’s Right Dual Relationships 10 Professional Boundaries Confidentiality 11
8
52
Culture and Diversity: Key Elements
54
14
56
16
19
Ethical Engagement with Indigenous Peoples Ethical Engagement with the LGBTQ Community 21 CONVERSATION 1.2 Values and Ethics Conflict
57
Counselling Immigrants and Multicultural Clients
14
Types of Ethical Dilemmas 14 Resolving Ethical Dilemmas 15 BRAIN BYTE Ethics and Neuroscience
20
22
23
Barriers to Culturally Intelligent Practice 63 Controlling the Tendency to Stereotype 64 Respecting Diversity and Individual Differences Learning from Clients 65 Seniors 66 Counsellor Self-Awareness 67 Indigenous Clients
68
Indigenous Demographics 69 Indigenous Values and Worldviews Traditional Healing Practices 73
70
CONVERSATION 1.3 Personal Feelings Get in the Way 23 CONVERSATION 1.4 Personal Involvement with Clients 25
CONVERSATION 2.1 Ideas for Working with Indigenous Peoples 74
The Competent Counsellor
LGBTQ Communities
25
CONVERSATION 1.5 I’m Just a Beginner
Self-Awareness
27
27
The Importance of Self-Awareness 27 Increasing Self-Awareness 28 Understanding How Bias Can Affect Counselling 29 Privilege and Bias 31 Who Am I? How Do Others See Me? 33 Personal Needs 34 Personal and Cultural Values 36 Professional Survival Summary 39 Exercises 40 Weblinks 43
38
50
Communication Style 59 Relationship Expectations 61 Time Orientation 62
10
Ethical Dilemmas: Tough Decisions
Objectivity
BRAIN BYTE Intergenerational Trauma
BRAIN BYTE Culture and the Pleasure Centre BRAIN BYTE Culture and the Brain 58
BRAIN BYTE Ethical and Moral Decision Making
Multicultural Ethical Issues
47
Worldview 54 Individualism versus Collectivism
8
8
46
46
Canadian Immigration 48 Challenges Faced by Immigrants and Refugees Sociopolitical Realities 52
5
Belief in the Dignity and Worth of People Client Self-Determination 6 Rights of Children
The Importance of Multicultural Involvement
2
Values: Doing What’s Important and Worthy
44
74
BRAIN BYTE LGBTQ Thinking and Behaviour
76
Strengths and Defining Features of LGBTQ Communities 76 Prejudice and Discrimination 77 Mental Health 79 Spirituality and Religion 79 Youth 80 Counsellor Competence (Working with LGBTQ Clients) 81 Spirituality and Counselling
82
BRAIN BYTE Spiritual Neuroscience 83 CONVERSATION 2.2 Praying with Clients 85
Summary 85 Exercises 86 Weblinks 87
v
63
65
3
The Process, Skills, and Pitfalls of Counselling 88 LEARNING OBJECTIVES What Is Counselling?
Anticipatory Contracts Work Contracts 137
88
88
Choices: The Need for Versatility
Trauma-Informed Practice
91
BRAIN BYTE Endings
96
107
103
CONVERSATION 3.2 Helpful Friends and Counsellors
The Action Phase The Ending Phase
107
109
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
156
The Power of Listening Listening Barriers
114
159
Overcoming Listening Barriers
120
Active Listening
Summary 121 Exercises 121 Weblinks 122
Attending
165
166
BRAIN BYTE Frame of Reference
Relationship: The Foundation for Change
123
123
The Importance of the Relationship
BRAIN BYTE Multitasking
168
125
127
Carl Rogers and the Core Conditions
Core Conditions: A Starting Point for Counsellors 132
171
131
Understanding Silence
175
BRAIN BYTE The Benefits of Silence
176
176
BRAIN BYTE Silence Triggers Memories
133
175
175
Silence in Counselling
133
Contents
170
Working with Nonverbal Communication Silence
CONVERSATION 4.1 Unconditional Positive Regard
Objective of Contracting 133 Relationship Contracts 134
127
129
Role and Purpose: Counselling Contracts
167
CONVERSATION 5.1 Problems with Listening and Responding 172 BRAIN BYTE Nonverbal Processing 173
Relationship and the Phases of Counselling
vi
168
Meaning of Nonverbal Communication
123
126
CONVERSATION 4.2 Genuineness
Selective Attention Nonverbal Communication
BRAIN BYTE The Brain on Relationship BRAIN BYTE Oxytocin
161
BRAIN BYTE The Auditory Alarm System 161 BRAIN BYTE The Right Ear Advantage 164
CONVERSATION 3.4 Rescuing and Supporting
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
156
158
159
BRAIN BYTE Listening
Client Issues 115 Counsellor Issues 115 Common Mistakes 116
Definition
Listening and Responding: The Beginning of Understanding 156 Listening: a Pathway to Learning
110
112 113
Counselling Pitfalls: Barriers to Success
4
151
Summary 153 Exercises 153 Weblinks 155
5
CONVERSATION 3.3 Should I Read the File?
148
150
CONVERSATION 4.4 Boundaries INTERVIEW 4.3 Endings 152
Relationship-Building Skills 99 Exploring and Probing Skills 101 Empowering Skills 102 Promoting Change Skills and Strategies The Preliminary Phase
146
149
Dealing with Endings
97
104
145
Ending the Counselling Relationship
96
The Phases of Counselling
143
BRAIN BYTE Transference 147 BRAIN BYTE Childhood Abuse and Intimate Relationships CONVERSATION 4.3 Counsellor Self-Disclosure 148
94
Counselling Skills and Strategies
143
Transference and Countertransference
BRAIN BYTE Trauma 95 BRAIN BYTE Strengths-Based Counselling
The Beginning Phase
142
INTERVIEW 4.2 Immediacy
94
Relationship Issues
140
Engaging with Seniors Immediacy 91
93
Brief Encounters
INTERVIEW 4.1 Contracting
Sustaining the Counselling Relationship
BRAIN BYTE Counselling and the Brain 89 CONVERSATION 3.1 Counselling and Psychotherapy
BRAIN BYTE Music
137
Nonverbal Cues and Silence Encouraging Silence 181
176
180
CONVERSATION 5.2 Learning to Deal with Silence CONVERSATION 5.3 Residential Schools 182
182
148
Paraphrasing
182
CONVERSATION 6.2 Note-Taking
Paraphrasing and Empathy Summarizing
183
INTERVIEW 6.1 Interviewing Skills
184
7
Summary 188 Exercises 189 Weblinks 190
Asking Questions: The Search for Meaning 191 191
The Art of Asking Questions
191
Types of Questions BRAIN BYTE Memory
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
227
192
Empathy
BRAIN BYTE Selective Empathy
Client Reactions to Empathy Types of Empathy
Inferred Empathy
Preparatory Empathy
247
CONVERSATION 7.3 When to Shift the Focus Away from Feelings 251
207
Poor Substitutes for Empathy Tough Empathy
211
253
255
CONVERSATION 7.4 How Can I Be Empathic if I Have Not Had the Same Experience? 255 INTERVIEW 7.2 Effective Use of Empathy 256
Summary 258 Exercises 258 Weblinks 262
214 217
252
INTERVIEW 7.1 Poor Substitutes for Empathy
210
BRAIN BYTE Neural Development and Marginalization
Natural Transitions 220 Strategic Transitions 220 Control Transitions 220 Phase Transitions 221
247
Empathic Response Leads 250 Why Achieving Empathic Connection Is So Difficult 251
Beyond the Surface: Interviewing for Concreteness 214
220
244
246
Four Generalizations about Empathy
207
Strategies for Achieving Concreteness Making Choices 219
243
244
CONVERSATION 7.2 When Not to Use Empathy
When Clients Respond Poorly to Questions Managing the Rambling Interview 208 Interviewing Youth 210
The Need for Concreteness
241
BRAIN BYTE Helping Others and Empathic Circuits
203
Multiple Questions 204 Irrelevant Questions 205 Poorly Timed Questions 205 Why Questions 205 Cross-Cultural Interviewing 206
Interviewing and Counselling Seniors Senior Abuse 212
240
BRAIN BYTE Empathic Connection and Brain Plasticity
Leading (Biased) Questions 201 Excessive Questioning 202
BRAIN BYTE The Adolescent Brain
239
241
Invitational Empathy Basic Empathy 243
201
Special Considerations
238
239
CONVERSATION 7.1 Increasing Empathic Vocabulary
200
CONVERSATION 6.1 Alternatives to Questions
237
BRAIN BYTE Location of Empathy in the Brain
197
233
236
Empathy Defined 236 The Importance of Empathy
196
BRAIN BYTE Questions and the Brain
227
The Language of Emotion 230 Individual Differences and Cultural Context Mixed Feelings/Ambivalence 234 Affect 235
Questions for Establishing Purpose 196 Questions to Define the Counselling Relationship 197 Questions for Exploring and Understanding Questions for Problem Solving 199 Questions for Evaluating 200
Interview Transitions
227
BRAIN BYTE Emotional Memories 229 BRAIN BYTE Mirror Neurons 230
193
Reasons for Asking Questions
Questioning Pitfalls
Empathic Connections Understanding Emotions
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
223
223
Summary 224 Exercises 225 Weblinks 226
CONVERSATION 5.4 Effective Paraphrasing 184 INTERVIEW 5.1 Listening, Silence, and Summarizing Skills 187
6
222
Connect (Linking) Transitions
214
8
Supporting Empowerment and Change LEARNING OBJECTIVES
263
263
Empowerment: Mobilizing Strengths for Change
263
Client Empowerment Is an Expected Outcome of Counselling 264 Anti-Oppressive Practice 265
Contents
vii