Type:
Test Bank
Resource:
Chemistry for Changing Times
Edition:
12th Edition
Author(s):
John W. Hill Doris K. Kolb Terry W. McCreary
Chemistry for Changing Times, 12e (Hill) Chapter 1 Chemistry 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which science is primarily concerned with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes? A) biology B) chemistry C) geology D) physics Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.1 2) What is natural philosophy? A) a belief in natural foods B) an experimental approach to philosophy C) an experimental approach to the study of nature D) theoretical speculation about nature Answer: D Page Ref: Sec 1.1 3) The ancient Greek philosophers were probably the first to consider the behavior of matter in an organized way. What is the major distinction between the "Greek philosophers" and "modern scientists"? A) observation B) hypotheses C) experimentation D) logic Answer: C Page Ref: Sec. 1.1 4) Which developed first? A) technology B) chemistry C) alchemy D) natural philosophy Answer: A Page Ref: Sec. 1.1 5) Chemistry is A) the mystical search for the elixir of life. B) the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. C) speculation about the nature of matter. D) none of these Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.1
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6) Modern chemistry is based primarily on A) natural philosophy. B) experimentation. C) philosophical speculations. D) technological advances. Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.1 7) Archaeological evidence indicates that ancient Egyptians were brewing beer and other fermented beverages over 4000 years ago. In the mid-19th century, French scientist Louis Pasteur discovered and explained the source of fermentation (yeast). This example illustrates that A) scientific knowledge may come before technological knowledge. B) technological knowledge may come before scientific knowledge. C) science and technology mean the same thing. D) science and technology are not related. Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.1 8) The leading cause of death in 1900 was infectious disease. The discovery, investigation and use of antibiotics, a class of chemicals that kill bacteria associated with infectious diseases, has dramatically reduced this cause of death. This is an example of the A) Baconian dream. B) Carsonian dream. C) Baconian nightmare. D) Carsonian nightmare. Answer: A Page Ref: Sec. 1.2 9) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are synthetic chemicals that find a variety of important applications. Probably the widest use of CFCs was as refrigerants in refrigerators and air conditioners. CFCs have been implicated in the destruction of the ozone layer. This is one example of the A) Baconian dream. B) Carsonian dream. C) Baconian nightmare. D) Carsonian nightmare. Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.2
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10) DDT was widely used as an insecticide during and following World War II. However, the egg shells of birds that live in areas where DDT was used were very thin, and the young did not hatch. This is an example of the A) Baconian dream. B) Carsonian dream. C) Baconian nightmare. D) Carsonian nightmare. Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.2 11) Science is tentative, explanatory, and A) absolute. B) testable. C) unpredictable. D) mystical. Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.3 12) A scientific hypothesis is A) absolute. B) complex. C) simple. D) tentative. Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.3 13) Scientific results must be verified by A) constructing plausible theories. B) consulting noted scientific authorities. C) further experiment. D) government agencies. Answer: C Page Ref: Sec. 1.3 14) A brief statement summarizing many observations of a physical phenomenon is called a A) scientific theory. B) hypothesis. C) fact. D) scientific law. Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.3
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15) Tangible items or pictures used by scientists to represent invisible processes are called A) theories. B) models. C) laws. D) experiments. Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.3 16) Kim Chemist proposes that increasing the proportion of butadiene in her glue formulation will make the glue stickier. Her proposal is called a(n) A) theory. B) experiment. C) law. D) hypothesis. Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.3 17) Which term best fits this definition: a statement that summarizes the data obtained from observations? A) hypothesis B) law C) theory D) model Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.3 18) A scientific hypothesis is A) explanatory. B) predictive. C) testable. D) all of the above. Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.3 19) Which of the following is NOT true for a scientific law? A) It summarizes observed scientific data. B) It is often stated in mathematical terms. C) It explains observed scientific data. D) It is universal and will hold everywhere under the stated conditions. Answer: C Page Ref: Sec. 1.3
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20) One method of rating complexity in scientific disciplines is with respect to the number of variables that are involved in experiments. Using this method, which of the following disciplines is the most complex? A) anatomy B) chemistry C) mathematics D) psychology Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.4 21) The results of an experiment are easiest to interpret when the experiment has ________ variable(s). A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 10 Answer: A Page Ref: Sec. 1.4 22) Which of the following variables would be the easiest to control? A) atmospheric air pressure B) a teenager's diet C) amount of antibiotic added to a bacterial culture D) political opinion Answer: C Page Ref: Sect 1.4 23) Joe conducts an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug for cancer. Which of the following variables would be easiest to control? A) amount of drug administered B) patient's diet C) exposure to air pollution D) exposure to other people Answer: A Page Ref: Sec. 1.4 24) Which of the following variables can be most easily controlled? A) blood pressure B) diet C) humidity D) indoor temperature Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.4
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25) Methapyrilene, once an active ingredient in certain over-the-counter sleeping pills, was found to be a potent carcinogen (a substance that causes cancer). The pills were also found to be about as effective as placeboes in promoting sleep. The desirability quotient (DQ) for methapyrilene is A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) uncertain. Answer: A Page Ref: Sec. 1.5 26) Saccharin is used in some artificial sweeteners. Saccharin has been shown to be a very weak carcinogen (a substance that causes cancer) in animal tests, but there is little evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Studies have also shown that artificial sweeteners provide little benefit to those who want to lose weight. The DQ for saccharin is A) low. B) moderate. C) high. D) uncertain. Answer: D Page Ref: Sec. 1.5 27) The evaluation of societal risk includes all of the components of individual risk plus A) the probability that an incident will occur. B) the degree of severity of the incident. C) the number of people affected by the incident. D) the benefit associated with the incident. Answer: C Page Ref: Sec. 1.5 28) When doing a risk-benefit analysis and determining DQ, which situation is often the most difficult to evaluate from both an individual and societal perspective? A) small benefit and high risk B) large benefit and high risk C) large benefit and low risk D) All are equally difficult to evaluate. Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.5 29) ________ is considered by many people to play a central role among the sciences. A) Biology B) Chemistry C) Geology D) Physics Answer: B Page Ref: Sec. 1.6
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