Type:
Solution Manual and Test Bank
Resource:
Brock Biology of Microorganisms,
Edition:
14th Edition
Author(s):
Michael Madigan Kelly Bender Daniel Buckley W. Sattley David Stahl
INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL AND TEST BANK W. Matthew Sattley INDIANA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY
Christopher A. Gulvik GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Sherry L. Seston ALVERNO COLLEGE
Heather Williamson Jordan UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE
GLOBAL EDITION CONTRIBUTIONS BY
Sumitra Datta, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy
Brock Biology of Microorganisms GLOBAL EDITION
FOURTEENTH EDITION
Madigan/Martinko/Bender/Buckley/Stahl
Table of Contents
INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL CHAPTER 1
Microorganisms and Microbiology
1
CHAPTER 2
Microbial Cell Structure and Function
11
CHAPTER 3
Microbial Metabolism
29
CHAPTER 4
Molecular Microbiology
39
CHAPTER 5
Microbial Growth and Growth Control
52
CHAPTER 6
Microbial Genomics
64
CHAPTER 7
Metabolic Regulation
76
CHAPTER 8
Viruses and Virology
87
CHAPTER 9
Viral Genomes and Diversity
95
CHAPTER 10 Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea
107
CHAPTER 11 Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
117
CHAPTER 12 Microbial Evolution and Systematics
131
CHAPTER 13 Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms
142
CHAPTER 14 Functional Diversity of Bacteria
157
CHAPTER 15 Diversity of Bacteria
170
CHAPTER 16 Diversity of Archaea
181
CHAPTER 17 Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms
188
CHAPTER 18 Methods in Microbial Ecology
196
CHAPTER 19 Microbial Ecosystems
205
CHAPTER 20 Nutrient Cycles
214
CHAPTER 21 Microbiology of the Built Environment
220
CHAPTER 22 Microbial Symbioses
228
CHAPTER 23 Microbial Interactions with Humans
237
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vii
CHAPTER 24 Immunity and Host Defense
245
CHAPTER 25 Immune Mechanisms
253
CHAPTER 26 Molecular Immunology
260
CHAPTER 27 Diagnostic Microbiology
267
CHAPTER 28 Epidemiology
278
CHAPTER 29 Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases
287
CHAPTER 30 Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases
300
CHAPTER 31 Water and Food as Vehicles of Bacterial Diseases
307
CHAPTER 32 Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungal and Parasitic Diseases
318
1
CHAPTER
1
Microorganisms and Microbiology
Summary Chapter 1 introduces the study of microbiology for students, most of whom will have had little or no exposure to the subject. Consequently, you have a good opportunity to provide an overview of microbiology that demonstrates the important roles microorganisms play in human activities and in the ecology of the entire biosphere. The ability of microorganisms to exist independently in nature as free-living cells (Figure 1.1) confers enormous adaptive advantages over cells of macroorganisms, which are incapable of an independent existence.
1.1 | What Is Microbiology About and Why Is It Important? Describe to students ways in which microbiology serves as both a basic and applied biological science. From a basic perspective, the study of microorganisms has been the primary means by which the fundamental genetic and biochemical properties of living cells have been revealed. From an applied perspective, microorganisms directly affect the quality of human life in both detrimental and beneficial ways. Although microorganisms are the causative agents of some of the most important human, animal, and plant diseases, they are also used for the industrial production of antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Microorganisms are also increasingly being used for beneficial purposes as diverse as bioremediation of polluted sites, gene therapies for genetic diseases, and the production of biofuels. Microbiology is therefore a science of far-reaching scope, with applications that affect the quality of human life in a variety of ways. You should also emphasize to students the importance of microorganisms in the emergence and maintenance of higher forms of life. From the production of molecular oxygen (by cyanobacteria) to the biogeochemical cycling of key elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, microorganisms play a major role in sustaining all life on the planet. Point out in your course introduction that for all the reasons summarized in this section, microbiology is the foundation of all biological sciences.
1.2 | Structure and Activities of Microbial Cells Because microorganisms generally exist as free-living cells, it is important to discuss the characteristics of cells in general. Emphasize that all cells exhibit a nonrandom organization with a semipermeable membrane boundary that encompasses an internal system that is not in equilibrium with its environment. Point out that prokaryotic cells (i.e., all Bacteria and .