Type:
Solution Manual
Resource:
African-American Odyssey, The, Combined Volume
Edition:
5th Edition
Author(s):
Darlene Clarke Hine William C. Hine Stanley C. Harrold
INSTRUCTOR’S RESOURCE MANUAL Elizabeth D. Blum Troy State University
THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN ODYSSEY FIFTH EDITION
Darlene Clark Hine Northwestern University
William C. Hine South Carolina State University
Stanley Harrold South Carolina State University
CONTENTS Chapter 1
Africa
1
Chapter 2
Middle Passage
4
Chapter 3
Black People in Colonial North America
7
Chapter 4
Rising Expectations: African Americans and the Struggle for Independence
11
Chapter 5
African Americans in the New Nation
14
Chapter 6
Life in the Cotton Kingdom
17
Chapter 7
Free Black People in Antebellum America
20
Chapter 8
Opposition to Slavery
23
Chapter 9
Let Your Motto Be Resistance
25
Chapter 10
“And Black People Were at the Heart of It”
28
Chapter 11
Liberation: African Americans and the Civil War
31
Chapter 12
The Meaning of Freedom: The Promise of Reconstruction
35
Chapter 13
The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction
38
Chapter 14
White Supremacy Triumphant: African Americans in the South in the Late Nineteenth Century
41
Chapter 15
African Americans Challenge White Supremacy
44
Chapter 16
Conciliation, Agitation, and Migration: African Americans in the Early Twentieth Century
48
Chapter 17
African Americans and the 1920s
52
Chapter 18
Black Protest, the Great Depression, and the New Deal
55
Chapter 19
Meanings of Freedom: Culture and Society in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s
58
Chapter 20
The World War II Era and the Seeds of a Revolution
61
Chapter 21
The Freedom Movement
64
Chapter 22
Black Nationalism, Black Power, Black Arts
68
Chapter 23
African Americans at the Millennium
72
Chapter 24
The Triumph of Black Politics: 1980 to the Present
75
iii
CHAPTER ONE: AFRICA CHAPTER SUMMARY Africa is an incredibly diverse region, incorporating different geographies, ethnicities, religions, political systems, and cultures. The earliest hominids emerged in the savannah, or Sudan, region of Africa. Scholars disagree as to whether modern man (Homo sapiens) developed in Africa and then migrated to the rest of the world, or developed concurrently around the world from an African predecessor. However modern man emerged, historians agree that Africa continued to be a vital part of human culture. Egyptian society, in particular, played an especially important part in Greek development and all other Western cultures. West Africa, the ancestral home of many African Americans, contains two environmentally distinct areas – savannah and forest – each housing distinct cultures. Ancient Ghana, Mali, and Songhai exemplify the savannah cultures of West Africa. They typically engaged in more trade, and were larger, more powerful, and more urbanized than the forest region groups of the Senegambia, the Akan states, the Yoruba culture, and the Kingdom of Benin. The forest groups, however, played a very important role in the slave trade with the Europeans. People in West Africa generally lived in villages based on lineages or extended families in the early sixteenth century. Most made a living through farming, and generally possessed few material goods. Political power within villages could be passed down either matrilineally or patrilineally, although West African society remained patriarchal and male dominated. Women held some positions of power, and often had more sexual freedom than their European counterparts. West Africans captured enemies as slaves, often allowing them later to assimilate into their culture. Islam and a polytheistic, animistic indigenous religion integrated into West African culture. The region maintained vibrant art and literature, exemplified by fetishes and oral poets known as griots. Generalizations are difficult, however, as elements of culture varied not only by society, but also between the savannah regions and the forest. West African technology played important roles in society with the production of iron, buildings, and cloth in the region.
• •
• • •
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe African geography and its role in various areas’ development. Understand Africa’s role in the development of humans and Western culture. Outline West African geography and culture, and explain why West Africa is important to African Americans. Discuss the developments of various West African civilizations. Understand the general features of West African culture and society.
TOPICS FOR LECTURES/LONG ESSAYS OR PAPERS/CLASS DISCUSSIONS • • •
• • •
Discuss the role of geography and environment in African history and development. Discuss the views of Bernal and Lefkowitz. Use that as a stepping-stone to introduce historiography – and the concept that all presentations of history are dependent upon the times in which they are produced. Why was it important that Africa be linked to Western development? Discuss the word “primitive,” which in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century, Americans often derisively referred to Africans. What does that word mean? Does it apply to pre-sixteenth century Africa? Think about political structures, religion, economy, culture, and urban areas, especially as compared to Europe during the same time periods. Discuss gender roles in African history. How are they different from or similar to Europe or Asia? Discuss the nature of slavery in pre-sixteenth century African society. Discuss the importance of religion in Africa. How did it influence culture and events?
1 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Introduction II. Physical geography A. Many climactic regions B. Diverse geography III. Birthplace of humanity A. Early hominids B. Homo erectus C. Development of Homo sapiens 1. multi-regional model 2. out-of-Africa model IV. Ancient civilizations and old arguments A. Egyptian civilization 1. importance of the Nile 2. political history 3. social history 4. religion B. Kush, Meroë, and Axum 1. Kush a. political origins b. Egyptian influence 2. Meroë a. iron industry b. development of culture c. decline 3. Axum V. West Africa A. Introduction 1. birthright of most African Americans 2. diversity 3. economy B. Ancient Ghana 1. origins 2. economy and religion 3. destruction C. Empire of Mali (1230-1468) 1. origins 2. religion 3. political administration 4. economy 5. decline D. Empire of Songhai (1464-1591) 1. political history 2. European influence 3. decline
2 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.