Issuu

A Supplement to Times Beacon Record Newspapers

FOCUS ON

HEALTH OCTOBER 6, 2016

INSIDE:

• Plastic surgery trends • Treating sleep apnea • Cataract surgery • Natural vs. added sugars

PAGE S2 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • OCTOBER 06, 2016

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OCTOBER 06, 2016 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • PAGE S3

Focus on HealtH

What’s inside… 4 . . . . . . . . . . . Exercise and arthritis 5 . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages of physical therapy 7 . . . . . . . . . . . The changing face of plastic surgery 8 . . . . . . . . . . . Eat your veggies! 9 . . . . . . . . . . . Natural sugars vs . added sugars 10 . . . . . . . . . Important health screenings for women 11 . . . . . . . . . . Treating sleep apnea 12 . . . . . . . . . Prostate cancer signs and symptoms 13 . . . . . . . . . Cataract surgery 14 . . . . . . . . . Allergies and asthma in children 15 . . . . . . . . . A child’s first visit to the dentist

TIMES BEacon rEcord nEWSPaPErS PUBLISHER Leah S. Dunaief GENERAL MANAGER Johness Kuisel MANAGING EDITOR Desirée Keegan

ART DEPARTMENT Janet Fortuna Sharon Nicholson INTERNET STRATEGY DIRECTOR Rob Alfano BUSINESS MANAGER Sandi Gross

EDITOR Heidi Sutton ADVERTISING DIRECTOR Kathryn Mandracchia ART/PRODUCTION DIRECTOR Beth Heller Mason

BUSINESS OFFICE Meg Malangone

SUBSCRIPTION MANAGER Ellen Recker ADVERTISING Elizabeth Reuter Bongiorno Laura Johanson Marshall Keels Robin Lemkin Sheila Murray Jackie Pickle Judy Sedacca Michael Tessler Minnie Yancey

CIRCULATION MANAGER Courtney Biondo

Times Beacon record newspapers are published every Thursday. Address: PO Box 707, Setauket, NY 11733. Telephone: (631) 751–7744. Email address: desk@tbrnewspapers.com; fax: (631) 751–4165; website: www.tbrnewsmedia.com. Entire contents copyright 2016.

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FOCUS ON HEALTH

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cross the country, more than 50 million people are living with doctor-diagnosed arthritis. So says the Arthritis Foundation, which projects that figure will rise to 67 million by the year 2030. Simply put, arthritis is a significant problem, one that can not only affect a person’s quality of life but also his or her pocketbook, as the Arthritis Foundation notes that working-age men and women (those between the ages of 18 and 64) who contend with arthritis are less likely to be employed than people of the same age who do not have arthritis. Arthritis is not only bad for employees but also for employers, as it accounts for $156 billion annually in lost wages and medical expenses. Exercise may be the last thing on many arthritis sufferers’ minds, but exercise can play a vital role in reducing the often painful symptoms associated with arthritis. Among its other benefits, exercise can strengthen the muscles around arthritic joints and help men and women maintain bone strength. In addition, the Mayo Clinic notes that lack of exercise can make joints feel more painful and stiff, as a sedentary lifestyle will ultimately contribute to putting more stress on joints. Upon being diagnosed with arthritis, patients should speak with their physicians about the best way to use exercise to combat and relieve their symptoms. Some patients may require physical therapy, while others might be able to work with their physicians to develop an exercise regimen that can help reduce the severity of their symptoms and any pain that accompanies those symptoms. The following are some types of exercises that figure to play a strong role in managing arthritis and improving quality of life.

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Low-impact aerobic exercises, such as walking and swimming, can help arthritis sufferers alleviate their symptoms and improve their overall health. Arthritis sufferers who have not exercised in awhile because of their pain may have gained weight as a result, and aerobic exercise is a great way to shed extra pounds. Losing excess weight is a great way to make physical activity less taxing on your joints as well.

Range of motion Range-of-motion exercises are typically simple and don’t take much time, but when done correctly, such exercises can be very effective at relieving the stiffness associated with arthritis. A physician or physical therapist might advise you to do range-of-motion exercises each day, and you may even need to do them a few times each day. Adhere to this advice, continuing to perform the exercises as long as your doctor or physical therapists deems them necessary.

Strength training As previously noted, arthritis sufferers may feel as though lifting weights will only exacerbate their existing symptoms. But strength training will strengthen the muscles around the joints, providing more support for those joints and ultimately reducing symptoms of pain. Speak with your physician or physical therapist about appropriate strength-training activities and the importance of rest. If you experience any pain during strength-training sessions, stop immediately and report the pain to your physician. For more information about managing arthritis, visit www.arthritis.org.

Omega-3 fatty acids are a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids that play an important role in relation to many functions of the body. The fatty acids EPA and DHA are well-known and found in fatty seafood, such as tuna, salmon and some shellfish. These fatty acids may be added to different foods as well, including dairy products and infant formulas. Consuming seafood or fish oil supplements may be helpful in curbing the joint pain and stiffness associated with rheumatoid arthritis. ©151303

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OCTOBER 06, 2016 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • PAGE S5

FOCUS ON HEALTH

Advantages of physical therapy to relieve pain

hronic pain affects people all around the world, greatly impacting sufferers’ quality of life. According to the American Academy of Pain Medicine, recent reports have indicated more than 1.5 billion people worldwide experience chronic pain. Common complaints include lower back pain, headache, neck pain or neurogenic pain, which is pain resulting from damage to peripheral nerves. Pain can impact people in many ways, as some people can tolerate discomfort better than others. Chronic pain may result in missed time at work, depression, anger and an inability to live a full life. According to a 2011 Institute of Medicine report, Relieving Pain in America: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research, pain is a significant public health problem that costs society at least $560 to $635 billion annually. To cope with pain, many people rely on over-the-counter and prescription medications. This reliance on drugs has helped to fuel pain medication addictions that can lead to other drug abuse. The National Institute on Drug Abuse says research now suggests that abuse of opioid pain medications may actually open the door to heroin use. Some individuals report switching to heroin because it is cheaper and easier to obtain than prescription opioids. A safer and

Getting back in the game: A therapist will develop a treatment plan that addresses the specific needs of the patient.

sometimes more effective method of pain relief than opioids, physical therapy can help a person get back on track and feel much better in the process. The American Physical Therapy Association says while surgery and prescription drugs can be the best course of treatment for certain diagnoses, there is increasing evidence that conservative treatments like physical therapy can be equally effective and cheaper treatment

plans for many conditions. Physical therapy can be as effective as surgery for meniscal tears and knee osteoarthritis, rotator cuff tears and spinal stenosis, among other conditions. When a patient is prescribed physical therapy, a therapist will develop a treatment plan that addresses the specific needs of the patient. This is essentially a collaboration between patient and physical therapist. Therapists are experts in

improving mobility and motion and have studied extensively to that end. Because weakness or stiffness may be contributing to pain, therapists try to address the source of the pain and relieve the pain itself. Physical therapy may include exercises that stretch the body and improve flexibility. Strengthening exercises will help work on core muscles as well as other parts of the body to prevent injury down the road. Therapy may target specific areas of pain. Because of their expertise, therapists may be able to assess posture, gait and other attributes that may be contributing to injury and make suggestions to reduce recurrence. In addition to the therapies mentioned, a combination of massage and other work may be included in a physical therapy plan. This may include TENS and ultrasound. According to WebMD, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or TENS, uses a device to send a low-voltage electric current to the skin over the area where you have pain. Ultrasound sends sound waves to the places you have pain. Both of these options may help to block pain messages to the brain and offer relief. Chronic pain can be debilitating. However, physical therapy is often an effective way to combat chronic pain and help individuals find relief and return to living full lives.

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OCTOBER 06, 2016 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • PAGE S7

FOCUS ON HEALTH

The changing face of plastic surgery M

ove aside, face-lifts. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, overall cosmetic procedures continue to rise, but the types of procedures patients are choosing are changing. Face-lifts continue to remain a popular option, but breast, buttock, lower body and upper arm lifts are on the rise. “While more traditional facial procedures and breast augmentations are still among the most popular, we’re seeing much more diversity in the areas of the body patients are choosing to address,” said ASPS President Dr. David H. Song. “Patients have more options than ever, and working closely with their surgeon, they’re able to focus on specific target areas of the body to achieve the look they desire,” he said. Of the cosmetic surgical procedures performed in 2015, the top 5 were breast augmentation, liposuction, nose reshaping, eyelid surgery and tummy tucks. Among cosmetic minimally invasive procedures performed in 2015, the top 5 were Botox, soft tissue fillers, chemical

peels, laser hair removal and microdermabrasion. “The number of available providers, lower costs and the less invasive nature of these procedures obviously appeal to a much broader range of patients,” said Song. 2015 was another year of the rear, as procedures focusing on the derriere dominated surgical growth. Buttock implants were the fastest growing type of cosmetic surgery last year, and overall, there was a buttock procedure every 30 minutes of every day, on average, which included buttock augmentation with fat grafting, buttock lifts and buttock implants. Men are also getting in on the action. According to the ASPS, there were 68,106 aesthetic breast reduction surgeries in the United States in 2015, and for the first time men accounted for more than 40 percent of those procedures. “As plastic surgery is becoming more common and accepted in men, we’re seeing more men undergo procedures to tighten and tone problem areas, like the breasts,” said Song. “This pro-

’Patients have more options than ever ... to achieve the look they desire.’

— DaviD H. Song, M.D. cedure is often done in younger men who face genetic challenges with the size and shape of their breasts, and when appropriate, surgery can make a big difference in their lives.” Breast cancer patients are also weighing in on reconstruction options. In 2012, ASPS launched a national Breast Reconstruction Awareness Campaign to educate, engage and empower women to make informed decisions about their health care following breast cancer diagnosis and mastectomy. Since 2000, the number of reconstruction procedures are up 35 percent. “That’s encouraging, and we hope to continue to get the word out to all women who are facing breast cancer, so they will be well aware of all their reconstructive options from the outset of diagnosis,” said Song.

On a quest: America’s increasing obsession with beauty is fueling a surge in cosmetic surgery procedures.

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PAGE S8 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • OCTOBER 06, 2016 Congratulations to Dr. Basilice for being nominated for Castle Connolly’s Top Doctor Award

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t’s no secret that eating more nutritious veggies is an essential element of healthier eating. Fortunately, finding ways to boost the veggie content of your favorite dishes may be easier than you think.

Experiment with new flavors to enhance the dishes you enjoy regularly. Look for veggie-rich versions of your favorite condiments, dips and sauces and find new flavor combinations by swapping out calorie-laden carbs. Finally, ditch the bread and instead use leaves of lettuce to wrap your sandwich.

Avocado Toast with Radish and Parmesan Cheese YIELD: Serves 4 INGREDIENTS: • • • •

ABERROMETER CORNEA LASER ACCOMMODATION DILATED LAZY EYE ACETATE DIOPTER LOW ALLERGY EXTRACTION MACULA AMBLYOPIA EYELIDS NERVE APHAKIA FLOATERS OPHTHALMOLOGIST AQUEAOUS FUNDUS OPTICIAN ASTIGMATISM GLAUCOMA PERIPHERAL BIFOCALS HEALTHY PUPIL CATARACT HYPEROPIA RETINAL CONJUNCTIVA HYPHEMA VALUE CONVERGENCE KERATOCONUS VISION See page S12 for the answers to the Word Search.

• • • •

1/2 medium red onion, thinly sliced 1 lime, juice only salt, to taste 4 slices crusty, whole-grain bread, toasted 1 cup guacamole 2 ounces Parmesan cheese, crumbled 4 large radishes, thinly sliced cilantro sprigs (optional)

DIRECTIONS: In small bowl, toss together onion slices with lime juice and salt, to taste; let sit 5 minutes, or as long as overnight. Top each piece of toasted whole-grain bread with 1/4 cup guacamole. Place equal parts pickled red onions, crumbled Parmesan cheese and radish slices on top of each piece of toast. Garnish with cilantro, if desired, and serve.

Spicy Steak Tacos with Guacamole YIELD: Serves 8 INGREDIENTS: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

1 tablespoon chili powder 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder 1/4 teaspoon onion powder 1/4 teaspoon dried oregano 1/2 teaspoon paprika 1 1/2 teaspoons ground cumin 1 teaspoon sea salt 1 teaspoon black pepper 1 pound raw lean, trimmed flank steak, cut into thin strips 1 tablespoon canola oil 8 tortillas (6 inches each) 1 cup chopped lettuce leaves 8 tablespoons guacamole 4 tablespoons clover sprouts 4 grape tomatoes, sliced 1 radish, thinly sliced

DIRECTIONS: In small dish, combine chili powder, garlic powder, onion powder, oregano, paprika, cumin, salt and pepper, and stir together until well mixed. Place uncooked steak strips into resealable plastic bag and add spice mixture. Seal bag and shake/ turn until steak is coated with seasoning. Pour oil into large skillet and bring to medium heat. Add seasoned steak strips and stir to coat steak with oil. Cook, stirring and flipping occasionally, about 5 minutes, or until steak strips are cooked to taste. Remove from heat. Warm tortillas slightly in microwave then lay out to fill. Divide lettuce and steak between tortillas and top each with 1 tablespoon of guacamole. Sprinkle each taco with sprouts and slices of tomato and radish. Source: Sabra

OCTOBER 06, 2016 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • PAGE S9

FOCUS ON HEALTH

Natural vs. added sugars: What’s the difference?

ugars are one of the most important health conversations today. A diet filled with too many added sugars is associated with weight gain, type 2 diabetes and heart disease. According to a recent survey, the average American consumes an average of 20 teaspoons a day of sugar, significantly more than the 6 to 9 teaspoons recommended daily by the American Heart Association.

Sugar can mean different things to different people, which not only adds to the confusion but can quickly derail even your best intentions as you try to make the right choices for your family.

The difference between added and naturally occurring sugars Many nourishing foods such as fruits, vegetables, certain whole grains and dairy products contain what are known as naturally occurring sugars; these are simple carbohydrates that are naturally present in a food’s biological structure. For example, the lactose found in milk is a sugar, as is the fructose in fruit. In contrast, added sugars are those sugars or sweeteners you add in your kitchen — adding sugar or honey to a recipe or onto your breakfast cereal, for example — as well as sugars and sweeteners that are added to a variety of products by food manufacturers. Added sugars are often used to enhance taste and flavor, of course, but can also be included for other reasons, such as to prevent spoiling — think summer jams — or assist in fermentation, such as in baking. An 8-ounce glass of 100 percent orange juice, for instance, has no added sugar. Beyond being an excellent source of vitamin C, it’s a good source of folate, especially important for women of childbearing age, as well as potassium, a vital mineral that helps nerves and muscles communicate and can help offset the effects of too much sodium in the diet. In fact, the Food and Drug Administration recently announced it will add potassium to the Nutrition Facts Panel because many Americans are falling short. The benefits don’t stop there, though. A glass of 100 percent orange juice also delivers magnesium, vitamin A and niacin. Plus, it’s a significant source of hesperidin, an antioxidant that research suggests may have heart, blood pressure and cognition benefits, as well as reduce inflammation and oxidation. Furthermore, one glass counts as one serving (1 cup) of fruit to help you meet the 1.5 to 2 cups per day recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

According to the American Diabetes Association, as men and women age their risk for type 2 diabetes increases. Diabetes develops when the amount of sugar in a person’s blood is too high. When a person has type 2 diabetes, his or her body does not respond to insulin, a hormone that regulates the amount of

Photo courtesy of Family Features

Homemade Orange Granola

How much added sugar is too much? A delicious, vibrant eating plan that you can stick with for the long haul doesn’t mean you can’t ever consume added sugar, but it is about cutting back for most Americans — especially for groups with the highest intakes, such as adolescents and men — and replacing those calories with nutrient-rich foods. The most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugar intake to a maximum of 10 percent of total calories each day, or 200 calories of a 2,000-calorie diet, which matches guidelines from the World Health Organization and the American Heart Association. For best results, focus on filling your diet with an abundance of naturally nutrient-rich foods and shift to a diet that includes plenty of plant foods.

Clearing up food label confusion In May 2016, the FDA announced a revamped Nutrition Facts Panel that includes, among other improvements, clearly listing added sugars on their own line for the first time. Up until now, both added and naturally occurring sugars have been lumped together under one “sugars” line, making it vexing for the average eater to determine how much sugar is naturally occurring versus

glucose, a type of sugar, in the blood. Aging makes the body less accepting of sugars, thereby making aging men and women more susceptible to type 2 diabetes. But just because aging is an uncontrollable risk factor for type 2 diabetes does not mean men and women over 50 cannot take steps to reduce their risk. The ADA advises that routine exercise and a healthy diet that is low in saturated and trans fat and moderate

added, especially given the dozens of different names for sweeteners that manufacturers often use. When this change hits supermarket shelves, families will be able to more easily spot foods and beverages that contain little to no added sugar. In addition to highlighting added sugars and potassium, the Nutrition Facts Panel will now more accurately reflect serving sizes that Americans actually eat and drink. Also,

Homemade Orange Granola YIELD: Serves 6 INGREDIENTS:

• • • • • • • • • •

1 1/2 cups quick cooking oatmeal 1 cup chopped walnuts 1/2 cup sliced almonds 1/4 cup sunflower seeds or pumpkin seeds 1 1/2 teaspoons cinnamon 1 cup 100 percent Florida orange juice, divided 3 tablespoons canola oil 2 tablespoons honey 1 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract 1/2 cup dried cranberries

in salt and sugar can help men and women stay healthy and lower their risk for type 2 diabetes. A healthy meal plan should include lean protein, non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats and fruit. In addition, men and women young and old who want to decrease their risk for type 2 diabetes should avoid sugar-sweetened beverages such as soda, sports drinks, sweet tea, and fruit punch.

packages that are reasonably consumed in a single sitting will no longer get a free ride using smaller serving sizes and listing multiple “servings” per bag, container or can. Try the following recipe for Homemade Orange Granola that contains no added sugar and can be used in a morning parfait with milk or a dollop of plain Greek yogurt with sliced fruit or simply as a quick snack between meals. DIRECTIONS: Heat oven to 325 F. Spray baking sheet with nonstick cooking spray. In large bowl, combine oatmeal, walnuts, almonds, sunflower seeds and cinnamon; mix well. Drizzle in 1/3 cup orange juice; stir well to evenly coat oatmeal mixture. Repeat twice more, stirring after each addition of orange juice. In small bowl, combine oil, honey and vanilla; stir well to combine. Drizzle oil mixture over oatmeal mixture; stir well to coat oatmeal mixture. Spread oatmeal mixture on prepared baking sheet in even layer. Bake 30 minutes, stirring every 10 minutes, to evenly brown granola. Remove from oven, add cranberries and cool completely. Store in airtight container up to one week.

PAGE S10 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • OCTOBER 06, 2016

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Four important health screenings for women

outine medical screenings are an essential element of a healthy lifestyle. Many health screenings are recommended for both men and women, but women also should include some genderspecific testing in their health routines. “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” That popular adage can be applied to personal health, particularly with respect to women’s health screenings. Breast cancer: Both men and women can get breast cancer, but women are at a far greater risk than men. According to Breastcancer.org, roughly one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer over the course of her lifetime. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women. (Only lung cancer kills more women each year.) The chance that a woman will die from breast cancer is about 1 in 36 (about 3 percent). The earlier a woman finds breast cancer, the better her chance for survival. Cancers caught early are less likely to spread to the lymph nodes and vital organs than cancers caught at later stages. Recommendations on mammogram screening start time and frequency vary with age and risk factor. So women should discuss and develop an individualized plan with their doctors. Cervical cancer: Doctors advise that women should receive pelvic exams beginning at age 21 or earlier for women who are sexually active. Pap smears are screenings that help detect the presence of cancerous cells on and around the cervix that may be indicative of cervical cancer. Guidelines continually change regarding the frequency of Pap smear testing, but the general consensus is

women age 30 and older may need screening every three years if they have not had any abnormal tests in the past, according to Everyday Health. Women should speak with their gynecologists regarding how frequently they should be tested for cervical cancer. Bone density test: Osteoporosis, a weakening of bones that causes them to become more fragile, may initially be symptom free. Osteoporosis is often discovered only after a fracture. The National Osteoporosis Foundation says that estrogen decreases during menopause can cause bone loss, which is why women have a higher risk of developing osteoporosis than men. In addition to healthy living habits, bone mineral density tests beginning at age 65 or earlier can help identify problems early on. Certain risk factors may require women to begin receiving bone density tests before age 65. Skin cancer screening: A report from the National Cancer Institute appearing in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology revealed startling melanoma trends among young women. This deadly skin cancer is rising in incidence. Screening for changes in skin markings can help identify melanoma and other nonmelanoma cancers early on. Skin should be checked by a dermatologist or a general health professional during regular physicals. Guidelines recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, a group of experts in disease prevention, also recommend these screenings for women: blood pressure, cholesterol, colorectal cancer and diabetes. Proper care and early identification of illness risk factors can keep women on the road to good health.

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OCTOBER 06, 2016 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • PAGE S11

FOCUS ON HEALTH

Why sleep apnea is bad for your health

poor night’s sleep can leave you feeling exhausted and cranky, but longterm sleep disruption can actually lead to serious health conditions. Not only is sleep apnea a leading cause of disrupted sleep and daytime sleepiness, but this disease is also a contributing factor to a host of medical problems. According to the American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine, approximately 25 million adults in the United States suffer from obstructive sleep apnea. This breathing disorder causes you to snore loudly and stop breathing up to hundreds of times a night for anywhere from 10 seconds to more than a minute. Despite the prevalence of sleep apnea, many don’t realize they have it. Others are unable to tolerate a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine and mask, which is the most common treatment for sleep apnea. However, an effective alternative treatment for sleep apnea is a custom-fit oral appliance provided by a qualified dentist. Treating sleep apnea can lead to better rest and ease your risk of developing these five serious health complications:

High blood pressure Sleep apnea is common among patients with high blood pressure and even more so among patients who have treatment-resistant high blood pressure. In medical studies, oral appliance therapy has been shown to help reduce high blood pressure. This treat-

more than twice as likely to exhibit signs of clinical depression.

Diabetes Up to 83 percent of Type 2 diabetes patients have sleep apnea and are not even aware of it, according to research published in Frontiers in Neurology. Recent medical research suggests that glucose control weakens as the severity of a patient’s sleep apnea increases.

Stroke

A good night’s sleep: The CPAP machine is the most common treatment for sleep apnea. ment uses a custom-fitted, mouth guard-like device to move the jaw slightly forward and keep the airway open, without the need for a constantly running machine and face mask.

Heart disease Heart disease is a common affliction for those with sleep apnea, according to a study from the University of Wisconsin. The same study showed that the risk of dying from

heart disease may increase by as much as five times among those who have untreated, severe sleep apnea.

Depression Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows that women suffering from untreated sleep apnea have a five times greater risk for depression symptoms, while men who have untreated sleep apnea are

The risk for stroke also rises with untreated sleep apnea, according to research published in The American Journal of Medicine. The study shows that the risk rises even if the patient has no other stroke risk factors. Obstructive sleep apnea also is frequently found among those who have already suffered a stroke. Talk with your doctor if you suspect that you or a loved one may be suffering from sleep apnea. Common warning signs include snoring, choking and gasping during sleep. If diagnosed, a routine of consistent, nightly treatment, such as CPAP therapy or oral appliance therapy, is the best way to manage sleep apnea and reduce the risk of developing serious health complications. Provided by an AADSM member dentist, oral appliance therapy is often easier to use on a regular basis for many patients. Find a local dentist offering oral appliance therapy at LocalSleepDentist.org.

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FOCUS ON HEALTH While cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States, with only heart disease claiming more lives, there is a silver lining to the cancer cloud. Statistics released by the American Cancer Society show that more people than ever are surviving cancer. The cancer death rate in the United States has dropped by nearly 25 percent since its peak in 1991. Many factors no doubt contribute to the decline in cancer-related deaths, but the decline in smokers may be near the top of that list. According to the World Health Organization, at least one-third of all cancer cases are preventable. Prevention begins with understanding the risk factors for cancer and what you can do to lower your risk of developing this often deadly disease. While some risk factors for cancer, including family history and gender, are beyond an individual’s control, others, like tobacco, bad diet, physical inactivity,and alcohol should be avoided. More information about cancer and the risk factors associated Tobacco causes more than 1.3 million tobacco-related cancer with cancer is available at www.who.int/cancer. deaths each year.

Prostate cancer that is detected early has a better chance of successful treatment.

Prostate cancer: Signs and symptoms

rostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the world. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International, more than 1.1 million cases of prostate cancer were recorded in 2012, accounting for 15 percent of new cancer diagnoses in men that year. Prostate cancer is often found before any symptoms arise, and screening no doubt contributes to that early detection. However, many men are reluctant to be screened, feeling that the digital rectal exam, or DRE, is simply too uncomfortable to undergo. And the Prostate Cancer Foundation notes that there is no unanimous opinion in the medical community regarding the benefits of prostate cancer screening. Men should speak with their physicians to determine if screening is for them, ultimately choosing the option they are most comfortable with and the one they feel best promotes their long-term health. Men who choose not to get screened for prostate cancer or those who are on the fence regarding screening may benefit from learning as much as possible about the disease. Doing so can help them make more informed screening decisions, and those who choose to avoid screening can learn the potential signs and symptoms so they can bring any problems they might be experiencing to their physicians’ attention as soon as those abnormalities begin to surface. The PCF notes that not everyone will experience symptoms of prostate cancer, but some men will. Sometimes the presence of certain problems associated with prostate cancer may be indicative of other conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH. BPH is not cancer, but it is an enlargement of the prostate, and a man’s risk for developing BPH grows every year. For example, BPH is present in 20 percent of men in their fifties, and that prevalence rises to 70 percent among men age 70 or older. Symptoms of prostatitis, a painful condition in which the prostate is inflamed, tender and swollen, may also resemble the symptoms of prostate cancer. But the PCF notes that prostatitis is a benign ailment that is not cancer and does not contribute to cancer. While not everyone experiences symptoms of prostate cancer, some men may experience changes in their urinary or sexual function. Men who notice the presence of any of the following symptoms should consult their physicians immediately: A need to urinate frequently, especially at night; difficulty starting urination or holding back urine; weak or interrupted flow of urine; painful or burning urination; difficulty having an erection; painful ejaculation; or blood in urine or semen. For more information, visit www.pcf.org.

Answers to Word Search on page S8

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OCTOBER 06, 2016 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • PAGE S13

FOCUS ON HEALTH

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, eye diseases related to aging are the primary cause of vision impairment in the United States. Protect your vision by quitting smoking, avoiding ultraviolet light, maintaining a healthy blood pressure and taking breaks from staring at the computer screen.

Three Village Family Medicine

Cataract surgery: Common and effective

The IOLs used may be monofocal, fixedfocus, accommodating and multifocal lenses, and which type of lens is best for a patient’s needs will be determined by the eye doctor. Cataract surgery may only take 15 minutes, though patients will likely spend more time at the surgical facility to allow for prep time and postoperative evaluation. Recovery will involve the use of medicated eye drops several times daily, and a protective eye shield should be used while sleeping. As the eye recovers, a special pair of postoperative sunglasses are required to protect the eyes from bright light. Eye doctors also advise patients to avoid strenuous activity, including exercise, for at least the first week of recovery. Water splashed in the eyes can cause infection, so swimming should be avoided and caution should be taken when bathing or showering. It can take several weeks for the eye to heal sufficiently. If both eyes require surgery, doctors will often wait one to three weeks before performing surgery on the second eye. Judy Sedacca of Farmingville had cataract surgery for both eyes over the summer that included a Toric implant to improve her nearsightedness and astigmatism. “The results were immediate for better vision, but my vision improved as time went on,” said Sedacca. After surgery on the second eye, Sedacca returned to work after four days. “There were no side effects. I couldn’t be happier with the entire process, and how it changed my vision for the better.” Sedacca said she would highly recommend this surgery adding,“It improved how I see colors now — they are sharper and richer. It also decreases glare from lights so you can drive easier at night. I’ve been wearing glasses since I’m six years old, and now I don’t need them at all!” Learn more about cataract surgery by speaking with your eye doctor or visiting www.aoa.org.

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s men and women age, their risk for cataracts increases. Starting at age 50, cataract risk rises, and that risk only grows more significant as men and women get older. According to the Mayo Clinic, about half of all 65-year-old Americans have some degree of cataract formation in their eyes, and the National Eye Institute predicts that, by the year 2050, 50.2 million Americans will experience cataracts. The lens of the eye is normally clear, but as a person ages, the lenses can begin to cloud and lead to impaired vision. Cataracts can cause blurry vision and increase the glare from lights, affecting how a person can manage daily activities. Cataracts also may make it more difficult for eye doctors to examine the back of the eye during routine visits to detect conditions such as age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. Eye experts routinely recommend cataract surgery when cataracts interfere with daily activities, such as driving, watching television or even reading medication bottles. Surgery is a safe and common way to treat cataracts. The American Optometric Association says cataract surgery involves the removal of the natural lens of the eye, which is replaced with an artificial lens. This clear, plastic intraocular lens, or IOL, requires no special maintenance and is designed to properly focus. In many cases, the eye doctor will make a small incision in the side of the cornea, where he or she inserts a tiny probe. This device will use ultrasound waves to soften and break up the lens into small pieces, which are removed by suction in a process known as phacoemulsification. The cataract lens is removed, but the thin, outer layers of the lens, called the lens capsule, are not touched. Afterward, the IOL is placed in the lens capsule. If the cataracts have advanced and phacoemulsification is not an option, the eye doctor will have to find another way to remove the lens.

Clouding of the lenses of the eyes, called cataracts, may require surgery.

PAGE S14 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • OCTOBER 06, 2016

FOCUS ON HEALTH

Make sure your kids know what they are allergic to before they eat at a restaurant, school or party.

Managing allergies and asthma at school

here are lots of things kids get excited about when they go back to school. From brand new lunch boxes loaded with pudding cups to shiny 64-packs of crayons and catching up with friends they haven’t seen for awhile, anticipation is in the air. But if you’re a parent of one of the 28 million children who suffer from allergies, or one of the 7.1 million children who have asthma, sending kids back to school can cause anxious moments.Help ensure your child has a safe, fun start to the school year with the following suggestions. Know their triggers. Students with pets at home can bring pet dander into school. Other common allergens such as pollen and dust will definitely find their way into the classroom. If your child suddenly develops a runny nose, has difficulty breathing or comes home with a rash, it may be related to classroom triggers. Check with your allergist if previously unseen symptoms occur or if existing symptoms worsen. See an allergist. If you think your child might have allergies or asthma, making an appointment with a board-certified allergist is the first step to accurately developing a game plan. An allergist can determine what’s causing your child’s symptoms, as well as provide guidance to help both of you cope with allergies and asthma. Through prescribing medication and creating treatment plans, your allergist can provide the care that leads to fewer school absences.

Talk to your child about lunch time. Younger children especially might be excited to share food with friends or try new things on the lunch menu. If your child has a food allergy, it’s important they know why they cannot eat certain things or share food. If your child is prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector, make sure the staff is trained in how to use it and knows where your child’s is located. Meet with the school. This is one of the biggest steps in preparing for the new school year. Your child’s teachers, coaches, school nurse and principal should all be informed about your child’s asthma and/or allergies and what medications they carry with them. All 50 states have laws allowing children to carry their needed medication. If your child is old enough, teach them how to use their epinephrine auto-injector or rescue inhaler. Make sure they understand warning signs and symptoms, what precautions to take and who to talk to if a reaction develops. Talk with your child’s friends and other parents. Communication is always a good policy when it comes to managing your child’s allergies and asthma. Talking to your child’s friends, or asking their parents to talk to their children about asthma and allergies, adds another layer of support. This is important for social reasons, as the more your child’s friends and classmates understand allergies and asthma, the less chance your child will feel isolated.

STRESS, HORMONES AND HEALTH 151681

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Wednesday, October 12th at 7:30 PM 903 Main St., Suite 105, Port Jefferson, NY Light refreshments will be served RSVP to 631.509.6888

OCTOBER 06, 2016 • FOCUS ON HEALTH • PAGE S15

FOCUS ON HEALTH

Help kids feel comfortable at the dentist N

Smile! Kids’ dental visits don’t have to be unpleasant.

ew parents often ask, “When should my child first see a dentist?” Routine dental examinations and cleanings are an important component of oral healthcare for both children and adults. However, many children do not visit the dentist until well after the time recommended by medical and dental professionals. Parents may be unaware of the dental health timeline, or they could be reluctant to bring their children for fear of how their kids will behave — especially if parents are harboring their own apprehensions about the dentist. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends that a child go to the dentist by age 1, or within six months of the eruption of his or her first tooth. Yet, according to a survey commissioned by Delta Dental Plans, the average age of a child’s first dental visit is 2.6 years. Parents worried about how their kids will respond to the dentist can take the following steps to acclimate kids to dental visits to make them more comfortable during their appointments now and down the road.

mile is a curve S that A

•Be a positive role model. Children frequently learn by example. If they see their parents being diligent about dental care, they’re more likely to embrace proper oral hygiene. Bring children to your own dental appointments so they understand the process and become familiar with the type of equipment used. •Stick to the first-tooth milestone. Take your child to the dentist on or about when his or her first tooth erupts. Early dental visits will get kids used to going to the dentist and prevent minor problems that may lead to more complex dental issues. •Read books about the dentist and role play. Information can allay kids’ fears about the dentist. Read books together about dental visits and act out possible scenarios with your kids. Give kids toy dental health tools and have them practice exams on you and vice-versa. •Be supportive and instill trust. Avoid telling your child that everything will be okay. If a procedure is needed, this

could affect his or her trust in you and make the dental office an even greater source of anxiety. Simply be supportive and offer a hand to squeeze or a hug if your child needs you. •Consider using your dentist. Some parents like to take their children to a pediatric dentist, but it may not always be necessary. Many family practices cater to patients of all ages, and the familiarity of the office may help make children feel more comfortable. Speak with your dentist about the ages they see. •Steer clear of negative words. Michael J. Hanna, DMD, a national spokesperson for the AAPD, suggests using positive phrases like “clean, strong, healthy teeth” to make the visit seem fun and positive rather than scary and alarming. Let the office staff come up with their own words to describe processes that won’t seem too frightening. By employing these techniques, kids’ dental visits can be more pleasant for all involved, paving the way for a lifetime of healthy teeth.

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