URBAN CARPET For Inclusivity

URBAN CARPET FOR INCLUSIVITY

A SPACE FOR EVERYONE

URBAN CARPET FOR INCLUSIVITY

A

SPACE FOR EVERYONE

EXHIBITION

29 April, 2024

2907ENG_3241 T1. ASS2

S5326369

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. FOREWARD

2. ARTIST STATEMENT

3. DESIGN STRATEGIES

4. PUBLIC COHESION

5. DEI INDIA

6. EFFECTS OF PUBLIC COHESION

7. CONCLUSION

8. APPRECIATION

9. BIBLIOGRAPHY

FOREWORD

Lina Bo Bardi's architectural designs are more than just structures; they re f lect her unwavering dedication to social justice, which embodies simplicity in architecture, and her profound belief in the ability of architecture to have an impact on society.1

The 'URBAN CARPET For Inclusivity' exhibition

showcases the design approach of Lina Bo Bardi, whose designs prioritize inclusivity and community engagement and implementation of those design strategies in the developing country, India which is also a diverse country where the focus is on creating safe, sustainable, and inclusive environments that promote community cohesion and align with UN Sustainable Goal 11.2

1.Chizzoniti, Domenico, and Monica Moscatelli. "Expressiveness and figuration in the construction of social architecture." In Modernity, Frontiers and Revolutions, pp. 99-105. CRC Press, 2018.

2.Koch, Florian, and Sohail Ahmad. "How to measure progress towards an inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable city? Reflections on applying the indicators of sustainable development goal 11 in Germany and India." Urban transformations: Sustainable urban development through resource eficiency, quality of life and resilience (2018): 78. https://link.springer.com/chapter/ 10.1007/978-3-319-59324-1_5

ARTIST STATEMENT

This exhibition, inspired by Lina Bo Bardi's architectural philosophy, explores how simple design can create inclusive public spaces. Jantar Mantar, a historic astronomical observatory which is often used for protest of social justice in Delhi, India serves as the proposed site for an “DEI" (Diverse Equal India) – echoing Bo Bardi's focus on functionality. Drawing on her principles of open spaces and community engagement, the “DEI" will provide shade, seating, and intervention aims to revitalize Jantar Mantar's role as a social hub, fostering a sense of community and cultural accessibility for all. Furthermore, the exhibition highlights how public cohesion, nurtured by such inclusive spaces, o addressing climate change. By strengthening social bonds, communities can collaborate on solutions, promote shared responsibility for sustainability, and enhance disaster resilience – all essential steps in tackling the climate crisis.

Addressing the escalating issues of exclusion and inequality is crucial, along with transforming cities into safe havens for their citizens. A contemporary world with an increasing population faces the challenge of an inclusive environment through Lina’s design strategies, where she prioritizes equitable public spaces, fosters a sense of community through mixed-use developments, and integrates sustainable building practices to create thriving, inclusive, and resilient spaces.4

The fast-growing urban population in the Asia-Pacific region has led to rapid city expansions, accelerating urban development. This growth offers increased access to various commodities and services in metropolitan areas. However, despite significant progress in many areas, several indicators related to Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG-11) show regression in the region since 2000, particularly in crucial areas like inclusion, safety, equality, and environmental impact.3 Challenges include the need for adequate housing and the scarcity of public spaces, compounded by the increasing number of slum dwellers.21

DESIGN STRATEGIES

SIMPLE ARCHITECTURE

USE OF QUADRILATERALS IN CASE STUDY

2 : SESC POMPEIA

MATERIAL:

REINFORCED CONCRETE

CASE STUDY

MATERIAL:

GLASS & CONCRETE

USE OF RECTANGLES IN CASE STUDY 1: MASP SAO PAULO

Bo Bardi's design strategies prioritize equitable public spaces, foster community through mixed-use developments, and integrate sustainable building practices to create thriving, inclusive, and resilient spaces. The exhibition will focus on Bo Bardi's design principles, such as "Simple Architecture,5 where she focuses on using readily available, local materials. This not only made her buildings more affordable but also fostered a connection to the place and its resources.20 Using simpler designs that resonated with the country's social and economic realities.

MATERIAL:

GLASS, CONCRETE & BRICK

Concrete is widely used in India for constructing frames and foundations due to its strength and low cost. Bricks provide insulation and are cheaply available, whereas glass lets in light and gives a modern appearance. They’re all popular alternatives because they’re practical and cost-effective.24 Indian culture often emphasizes resourcefulness and making the most of available space. Rectangular buildings align with this practicality, maximizing space and using materials eficiently.25

24. Jagatramka, Richa, Ashwani Kumar, and Satish Pipralia. "Sustainability indicators for vernacular architecture in India." ISVS e-journal 7, no. 4 (2020): 53-6

25. Jagatramka, Richa, Ashwani Kumar, and Satish Pipralia. "Sustainability indicators for vernacular architecture in India

PUBLIC SPACE CREATION

Secondly, "Public Space Creation,” where she established a lively public plaza beneath the Museum of Art of São Paulo to enhance community engagement and interaction; and part of the Museum underground, which allows additional exhibition space. This free, open space fosters a connection between the museum and the city, encouraging gatherings, exhibitions, and events.

CASE STUDY 2 : SESC POMPEIA

For a decade, Lina was frozen out, a casualty of both the military regime and the rigid architectural establishment. 22 She wanted to preserve the old drum factory which had already been occupied spontaneously by neighbours who spent the weekends amidst the warehouses of the industrial complex and create a sports and culture center. 6 Her ability to build pedestrian "streets" throughout the building, making the SESC Pompeia available for everyday use while also generating a natural flow through the site and its neighbouring communities.7

SESC Pompeia is a large, convivial space 8 that brings people together. It offers a variety of activities and programs like exhibitions, movies, theater, workshops, and sports which creates opportunities for people with di ff erent interests to come together and share experiences. Bo Bardi aimed to break down social barriers by creating a space that's open and accessible to everyone, regardless of age or background.

6. Sara, Rachel. "Citadels of Freedom: Lina Bo Bardi's SESC Pompéia Factory Leisure Centre and Teatro Oficina, São Paulo." Architectural Design 83, no. 6 (2013): 52,55. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ad.1674? casa_token=e8BjFxcSAPcAAAAA:KicU7DDetrl0luImPi-OgUbRE1ta7OHRW6xROO01dgToms3wi0hqFzaQ_ofDS5bel8NKPyAXlreeAn8 7.Refrigeri, Gloria. "URBAN VILLAGE OF PERINATAL CARE: Strategies for Regenerative Interiors That Foster Communal Parenting." PhD diss., Pratt Institute, 2023. 8.Veikos, Cathrine. "Precise Poetry: Lina Bo Bardi's Architecture, by Belinda Rukschcio." (2017): 129 22. Team, ArchEyes. 2022. “Lina Bo Bardi’s Iconic SESC Pompéia Factory in Sao Paulo.” ArchEyes. July 9, 2022. https://archeyes.com/sesc-pompeia-factory-lina-bo-bardi-architecture-sao-paulo/?cv=1.

SITE

ORIGINAL SITE PLAN

This exhibition delves into Bo Bardi's design approach and its execution at Jantar Mantar, a heritage site in Delhi, India. Jantar Mantar has a rich history of promoting social justice and fostering community engagement. The exhibition explores how Bardi's design strategies interacted with this significant site. The design project has been named as DEI INDIA which stands for diverse, equal, inclusive India.

SENSE OF COMMUNITY

In SESC, she featured open floor plans, public squares, & cafes, encouraging interaction & fostering a sense of community .An openplan ,public square acts as a vibrant hub for community engagement. Its open layout fosters casual interaction between people, while the spaciousness provides a platform for events and passive recreation. This accessibility, along with the relaxed atmosphere, encourages people from all walks of life to gather and connect, strengthening the sense of community.

In MASP, the plaza becomes a shared space, encouraging interaction and fostering a sense of belonging among different demographics. This can help break down social barriers and promote a more cohesive community. Community engagement strategies can be used to support and improve climate change mitigation, adaptation, and structural adjustment outcomes, as well as to document the range of community engagement activities.9

FLOOR PLAN OF PLAZA(GROUND) OF DEI

FLOOR PLAN OF FIRST FLOOR OF DEI

SPATIAL DIAGRAM OF PLAZA(GROUND) Of DEI

SPATIAL DIAGRAM OF FIRST FLOOR Of DEI

walking museum with Indian History about protests with a space for a temporary exhibition with an archive room, meeting room for private discussion and washroom

PUBLIC COHESION

Public space is crucial to social interactions within communities, and to build an inclusive public space11, it is critical that all groups of people feel secure and free to engage in society. Creating an inclusive public space 12 requires ensuring that all individuals feel secure and empowered to actively participate in society. Bo Bardi's architectural designs cultivate environments that respect and connect with the identities of the communities they serve by embracing cultural sensitivity.13

The exhibition Urban Carpet aims to highlight Bo Bardi's design philosophy and its alignment with UN Sustainable Goal 11. The exhibition emphasizes architecture's transformative potential in promoting social justice and fostering inclusive, resilient communities by creating safe, sustainable, inclusive public spaces 14 that encourage community cohesion15 especially in developing diverse countries like INDIA.

LINA BO BARDI DRAWING : INTIMACY AS ACTIVE RESISTANCE ; Image courtesy of Fundació Joan Miró and Princeton University Press

11.Landman, Karina. "Inclusive public space: Rethinking practices of mitigation, adaptation and transformation." Urban Design International 25 (2020): 211. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41289-020-00136-4

12.Landman, Karina. "Inclusive public space”

13.LeValley, Janet. "Doing it in cyberspace: Cultural sensitivity in applied anthropology." Anthropology of Consciousness 8, no. 4 (1997). https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1525/ac.1997.8.4.113? casa_token=oqGSQARXGZ4AAAAA:da2KIwIuocss13QvBa6LKaBOplO3_FK5I9nUG3GeBZRO2IiwFZTrOKCVt4-3tAh5kG8tllkESiY_l2g

14. Koch, Florian, and Sohail Ahmad. “inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable city”

15.Blake, Geraldine, John Diamond, Jane Foot, Ben Gidley, Marjorie Mayo, Kalbir Shukra, and Martin Yarnit. "Community engagement and community cohesion." Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York (2008).

LINA’S ILLUSTRATION REGARDING HER USE OF PUBLIC SPACE

1.Lina Bo Bardi, Illustration Of A Circus Occupying The Space Underneath Masp, 1972

2.Lina Bo Bardi, Illustration Of A Circus Occupying The Space Underneath Masp, 1972

3.Lina Bo Bardi, Illustration Of Theatre In Sesc,1984

HOW MASP

SAO

PAOLO PUBLIC SPACE USED TO GENERATE

SENSE OF INCLUSIVITY

ARTIST VIEW OF MASP SAO PAOLO IN 2024

FINAL VIEW OF DEI AFTER BO BARDI’S

DESIGN STRATEGY INTERPRETATION IN THE SITE OF JANTAR MANTAR,

TOP VIEW OF DEI IN THE SITE

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF DEI INDIA

HOW DEI INDIA, ITS PUBLIC SPACE USED TO GENERATE SENSE OF INCLUSIVITY

EFFECT OF PUBLIC COHESION ON CLIMATE CRISIS

Cohesive communities foster collaboration, a key ingredient for tackling lead to more innovative solutions for issues like renewable energy development responsibility for the well-being of the community. This translates to individual actions to reduce carbon footprints, support sustainable businesses, and hold safety net, enabling communities to bounce back from disasters. Communities

79% of Danish people think that climate change & its consequences are the biggest challenge for humanity in 21st century. Image courtesy of Cristian Negroni/Getty Images

Public cohesion offers significant advantages in addressing the climate crisis. By fostering collaboration, promoting shared responsibility, and building resilience, strong communities can play a vital role in creating a more sustainable future.16

19, no. 11 (2012). https://read.dukeupress.edu/hope/article/49/Supplement/1/133602/The-Age-of-the-Applied-EconomistThe-

16.Sutton, Stephen G., and Renae C. Tobin. "Constraints on Community Engagement with Great Barrier Reef Climate Change Reduction and Mitigation." Global Environmental Change 21, no. 3 (2011): 894-905. Accessed April 23, 2024.

17.Newman, Janet; Barnes, Marian; Sullivan, Helen and Knops, Andrew (2004). Public participation and collaborative governance. Journal of Social Policy, 33(2), pp. 203–223. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-socialloodplain management in the Netherlands. Environment and Planning A, 32(4), 641-650.

19. Aldrich, D. P., & Meyer, M. A. (2011). Social capital and community resilience. American Behavioral Scientist, 55(8), 1127-1149

23. “An AI Wrote This Article! - Daily Trust.” 2023. Https://Dailytrust.com/. January 7, 2023. https://dailytrust.com/an-ai-wrote-this-article/.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the 'URBAN CARPET For Inclusivity' exhibition showcases Lina Bo Bardi's design approach, which prioritizes inclusivity and community engagement with design proposal of DEI India. India is a diverse country with each state having its own culture and identity. To bring them together, and focus on creating safe, sustainable, and inclusive environments that encourage community cohesiveness, Lina Bo Bardi’s design approach, which emphasizes inclusivity and community interaction, aligns with UN Sustainable Goal 11, which can assist developing countries in creating inclusive, safe spaces which can foster community cohesion.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The development of this exhibition, "Urban Carpet for Inclusivity," owes a debt of gratitude to several individuals whose support proved invaluable.

Miss Jessica Blair's insightful feedbacks served as a wellspring of inspiration for this project. Her guidance in understanding the power of simple architecture in fostering inclusive public spaces laid the groundwork for this exploration. My sincere appreciation extends to Cecilia Bischeri, my dedicated tutor. Her expert guidance and insightful feedback throughout the creative process were instrumental in shaping the final concept of the "Urban Carpet.” Cecilia's support provided the encouragement and focus needed to bring this vision to fruition.

Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of my friends, Lydiah and Kirra. Their collaborative spirit and unwavering support were essential throughout the project. From brainstorming sessions to offering constructive criticism, their friendship and encouragement played a vital role to sum up the the "Urban Carpet exhibition”.I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my family for their unwavering support. Whenever I felt lost, they were there to guide me back on track. Their unconditional love and belief in me have been a constant source of strength.

To all of you, I express my deepest gratitude. Your contributions, knowledge, and encouragement were instrumental in the successful realization of this exhibition.

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