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Autumn 2013

Suffolk Argus The

Clouded Yellow, male and female at Bawdsey. D and M Carter

The Newsletter of the Suffolk Branch of Butterfly Conservation

Autumn 2013

Volume 58

The Suffolk Argus Some unusual butterflies 2013 See Page 9 for details

Purple Hairstreak © Martin Rogers

Comma Polygonia c-album ab. nov Photo Pauline Rutherford

Long-tailed Blue at Dunwich Heath Photo Chris Overton

Brown Argus

Aricia agestis ab. snelleni ter Harr 2

Photo Trevor Goodfellow

Autumn 2013

Contents Branch Contacts Editorial Ipswich Heaths Project Rocking Gently Purple Hairstreak, Brown Argus, Comma & Long-tailed Blue Recording at Northfield Wood Some notes from the AGM Branch Accounts Late Summer Butterflies at Alton Water Visiting the Monarchs The Birdfair Book Review Brimstone and Buckthorn Initiative Visit to South Cumbria

4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 18 19

New Members We welcome the following new members and look forward to meeting them at our events in the new year. Mr L & Mrs D Acaster & Family

Wortham

Mr M Forbes

Bungay

Mr & Mrs Allport

Martlesham Heath

Mrs S Goldsmith

Kesgrave

Mrs J Arkell

Stoke by Nayland

Mrs C & Mr M Harwood & Family

Stowmarket

Mr M Bagstaff

Newmarket

Mr R Heathwaite

Felixstowe

Mrs J Baxter

Felixstowe

Mr C Heseltine

Sudbury

Mrs R & Mr S Bisbrown- Chippendale

Haverhill

Miss L Jackson

Halesworth

Mr A Brown

Wickhambrook

Mr B Lowry

Saxmundham

Mrs R & Mr K Bullen

Sudbury

Mr W Millard

Newmarket

Mrs H Carter

Kirton

Miss P Power

Great Cornard

Mrs G Chadwick

Alresford

Mr N Prior

Saxmundham

Mr J Coleman

Beccles

Miss A Procto & L Marsh & Family

Haverhill

Mrs C Coles

Halesworth

Mr S & Mrs S Ramsey & Family

Ipswich

Mr A Culley

Ipswich

Mrs K & Mr R Seaman

Ipswich

Mr G Davies

Lowestoft

Mr M Tripp

Ipswich

Mr CJ & Mrs SM Davis

Stowmarket

Mr J Valentine

Woodbridge

Mrs S Dawson

Aldeburgh

Mr EN Watts

Boxford

Mrs M & Dr P Feeney

Bury St Edmunds 3

The Suffolk Argus

Suffolk Branch Contacts President Howard Mendel c/o The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD Tel: 0207 938 8782

&RQVHUYDWLRQ 2IÀFHU %XWWHUÁLHV Rob Parker &RUQÀHOG 5G Bury St Edmunds IP33 3BN Tel: 01284 705476 email: robparker@waitrose.com

Chairman Mike Dean Coach House, Ixworth, Bury St Edmunds IP31 2HL Tel: 01359 230292 email: Michael.Dean2@ virginmedia.com

&RQVHUYDWLRQ 2IÀFHU 0RWKV Tony Prichard 3, Powling Rd., Ipswich IP3 9JR Tel: 01473 270047 email: tony.prichard@btinternet.com

Membership Secretary Susan Sidle Five Gables, The Ling, Wortham, Diss, Norfolk IP22 1ST Tel: 01379 643665 email: susansidle361@gmail.com

Programme and Publicity Matt Berry Tel: 07599 243026 email: matt.berry1@sky.com Newsletter Editor Peter Maddison Barnmead, Fishpond Rd, :DOGULQJÀHOG Woodbridge IP12 4QX Tel: 01473 736607 email: prmaddison@yahoo.co.uk

Treasurer Dominic Hill Tel: 01359 269855 email: domhill25@gmail.com Secretary Julian Dowding 84, Clapgate Lane, Ipswich IP3 0RE Tel: 01473 436096 email: julian.dowding@ntlworld.com

5HJLRQDO 2IÀFHU (DVWHUQ (QJODQG Sharon Hearle 216, The Street, Kirtling, Newmarket CB8 9PD Tel: 01638 731648 HPDLO VKHDUOH#EXWWHUÁ\ FRQVHUYDWLRQ RUJ

&RXQW\ %XWWHUÁ\ 5HFRUGHU Bill Stone 27 Draymans Way Ipswich IP3 0QU HPDLO EXWWHUÁLHV#VQV RUJ XN

Website Richard Perryman email: richard.perryman@ntlworld.com WCBS Co-ordinator Twm Wade email: twm.wade@ yahoo.com

Committee Member Helen Saunders email: helens919@gmail.com

7KH 6XIIRON $UJXV LV SXEOLVKHG E\ WKH 6XIIRON %UDQFK RI %XWWHUÁ\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ 7KH RSLQLRQV H[SUHVVHG LQ WKLV QHZVOHWWHU DUH QRW QHFHVVDULO\ WKRVH RI %XWWHUÁ\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ RU WKH %UDQFK $OO ULJKWV UHVHUYHG )RU PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ VHH ZZZ VXIIRONEXWWHUÁLHV RUJ XN %XWWHUÁ\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ &RPSDQ\ OLPLWHG E\ JXDUDQWHH UHJLVWHUHG LQ (QJODQG 5HJLVWHUHG 2IÀFH 0DQRU <DUG (DVW /XOZRUWK :DUHKDP 'RUVHW %+ 5QP Charity registered in England & Wales (254937) and in Scotland (SCO39268)

Autumn 2013

Editorial

by Peter Maddison ‘A harsh winter, a late barren spring, a heatwave in July, migrants in August and a few surprises along the way.’ These were the words of Rob Parker at the AGM, when he summed up the EXWWHUÁ\ VHDVRQ ,W ZDV DQ H[WUDRUGLQDU\ season in which memories were made.

VSHFLHV RI EXWWHUÁLHV VLQFH WKH ·V DQG WKH fate of the Silver-studded Blue, Dingy Skipper, Brown Argus, White-letter Hairstreak and the White Admiral seemed to be in the balance. Something had to be done to prevent further losses. Recording became a priority, and practical conservation work in association with the Suffolk Wildlife Trust and the students of Otley College began at Purdis Heath.

Perhaps the abundance of the Small Tortoiseshell or the resurgence of the Dingy 6NLSSHU RU WKH LQÁX[ RI WKH &ORXGHG <HOORZ were special for you. 2U GR \RX UHPHPEHU D ÁHHWLQJ EXWWHUÁ\ moment such as when a perfect Purple Hairstreak was observed at ground level or when an unusual form of Comma or Brown Argus was photographed. Undoubtedly the sighting of a High Brown Fritillary is always special! These stories are in this newsletter. If you have a tale to tell, even just a short note, share it with the readers of The Suffolk Argus. It would be great to hear from you.

***** Since 2010 practical conservation work has been re-started at Purdis Heath. Julian Dowding has plans for the coming winter and writes here about The Ipswich Heaths Project. It is worth noting that work has progressed well at Pipers Vale and during the last few years, in part of the site where heather once grew, volunteers have scraped the land surface of trash, and then strewn heather. Now there is a good size plot of heather, including Bell Heather, where Small Copper and Common Blue are found, and Grayling has been spotted nearby. The Silver-studded Blue is not far away. We live in hope!

***** We celebrate our 20th anniversary. The inaugural meeting of the Suffolk Branch RI %XWWHUÁ\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ ZDV ODXQFKHG DW WKH 6XIIRON %XWWHUÁ\ &RQIHUHQFH KHOG DW ,SVZLFK School on the 30th October 1993. Reported in 7KH 6XIIRON $UJXV it was ‘an auspicious occasion, with a large crowd of people attending to hear some of the latest thinking on the conservation RI EXWWHUÁLHV DQG PRWKV 0DQ\ RI WKH FRXQWU\·V top experts were present, as well as the great and the good from Suffolk…’

5HFRUGLQJ UHPDLQV D SULRULW\ <RX ZLOO NQRZ that during the past year Bill Stone has been working alongside Rob Parker in the role of Recorder. At the AGM the handover of responsibility took place, so if you have not sent in your 2013 records yet please email the UHFRUG VKHHW WR EXWWHUÁLHV#VQV RUJ XN RU SRVW WR Bill Stone, 27, Draymans Way, Ipswich IP3 0QU.

There was a call to arms, Suffolk had lost 9

Editorial copy date Contributions for the Spring edition of our newsletter are very welcome and should be sent to the Editor, Peter Maddison, no later than Sunday 12th January, 2014.

will be published and we also welcome line drawings, prints and photographs. Contributions (preferably electronic) can be sent to the address on the Contacts page or by email to: prmaddison@yahoo.co.uk

Any piece of writing considered to be of interest 5

The Suffolk Argus

Ipswich Heaths Project for Silver-studded Blues and other wildlife. Julian Dowding

This four-year project, which is WREN /DQGÀOO &RPPXQLWLHV )XQG DLGHG LV entering its second year. It follows on from two previous years’ work by the Branch and volunteers after a report by Dr Neil Ravenscroft assessing the status of the Silverstudded Blue in Suffolk which highlighted the plight of the species around Ipswich.

at risk. Therefore it is vital that we continue WR LPSURYH WKLQJV IRU WKH EXWWHUÁ\ This winter we plan even more habitat work, building upon what we have achieved so far. If you feel that you can help, then please get in touch. We’ll have regular volunteer JURXSV DW 3XUGLV RQ WKH ÀUVW 6DWXUGD\ RI WKH month starting in November and also during WKH ZHHN LI \RX KDYH WLPH WR VSDUH <RX don’t need much experience or know-how really, just a willing spirit. There will also be opportunities to get involved with other Ipswich Heaths which are being part funded by the grant. At Piper’s Vale for example a group working with Joe Underwood has been successful in re-establishing Bell Heather there and would be pleased to have you on board. Work there will be very similar to that at Purdis. We will provide tea, coffee and biscuits but if you are staying for the whole day, then bring a packed lunch. Obviously, it’s important that you are dressed appropriately, so you would need to wear stout footwear and bring a pair of work gloves if you can. It’s a great way to get some exercise outside in the open air on a beautiful site teeming with wildlife and to be in the company of like-minded people.

7KH HFRORJ\ RI WKH EXWWHUÁ\ ZKLFK LV QRZ thankfully better understood than it was in the 1980’s (when Sainsbury’s built their superstore at Warren Heath destroying one RI WKH EHVW VLWHV IRU WKH EXWWHUÁ\ LQ ,SVZLFK dictates what kind of habitat work we do LI ZH DUH WR VDYH WKH EXWWHUÁ\ ,Q VKRUW WKH EXWWHUÁ\ UHTXLUHV ODUYDO IRRG JHQHUDOO\ Heathers) growing near patches of open soil or in short turf and strong populations of Black Ants which tend its larvae and pupae. It also needs warm sunny spots to bask, nectar sources, generally Bell Heather, and places to lay eggs. My main involvement has been as site warden at Purdis Heath. Over the past few years, we have focused upon scrub removal, cutting old leggy heather with a mower and scraping back patches of soil with a JCB in order to help provide conditions that both WKH EXWWHUÁ\ DQG DQW UHTXLUH :KLOVW VRPH of this has been done by machinery, much has been done by volunteers wielding little more than loppers and bow saws through the winter period.

For further details, please contact me by telephone: 01473 436096, or email: julian.dowding@ntlworld.com. For Piper’s Vale, contact Joe, by telephone: 07736826302

Since we began work in earnest in 2010, EXWWHUÁ\ QXPEHUV DW 3XUGLV KDYH LQFUHDVHG from fewer than 10 to over 40 but such numbers are still perilously low and the ,SVZLFK SRSXODWLRQV RI WKH EXWWHUÁ\ UHPDLQ

The report on the status of the Silver-studded Blue in Suffolk can be found on the branch website: http://suffolkbutterflies.org.uk/ downloads/SSBReport2009.low.pdf

Autumn 2013

Rocking gently with Val Doonican and the Silver-studded Blues Darren Flint

After eight enjoyable years with the RSPB late 2012 led me to leave my job and return to the realms of full time education as the most matured student on UCL’s MSc Conservation degree. In these economic straightened times, a risk, certainly, but no less exciting nor an opportunity to be missed to realign my mid-life career. Once the challenges of essay writing, environmental statistics, GIS mapping and numerous other modules had been mastered attentions were turned to achieving the lion’s share of WKH ÀQDO JUDGH WKH ZRUGV UHVHDUFK dissertation. Thoughts regarding suitable topics had started early while I was still at work and only one area, Lepidoptera, was ever really in the running.

,I \RX FRQVXOW DQ\ TXDOLW\ EXWWHUÁ\ ERRN \RX will see that early Silver-studded Blues will be seen on the wing late May, with decent numbers of males emerging during June and the females appearing about a week after the males. With my time management hat on I ZDV UHOD[HG DQG FRQÀGHQW WKDW WKHUH ZRXOG be plenty of time for data collection followed by a nice block of weeks to number crunch, ZULWH XS WKH ÀQGLQJV DQG VWLOO KLW WKH 8&/ August deadline. On paper this looked perfect, but nature had other ideas in the form of a prolonged chilly spring causing PDQ\ EXWWHUÁ\ VSHFLHV WR HPHUJH ODWH 7KH early June visits to Purdis Heath didn’t cause too many worries, although the lack RI ÁRZHULQJ EHOO KHDWKHU ZDV SOD\LQJ LQ WKH back of my mind, however by the third week a mini panic was rapidly setting in. Then, on the 27th June, there was the unmistakable blue of a lone male, freshly hatched and nectaring on the deep purple of mature Bell heather and the heart possibly skipped a beat while I checked for the underside row of black spots with metallic centres to ensure LW ZDVQ·W D PDVTXHUDGLQJ &RPPRQ %OXH

2I WKH HLJKW %XWWHUÁ\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ 06F research projects for the coming year one was located on the eastern fringes of Ipswich to study the population changes of Silverstudded Blue (Plebejus argus) on Suffolk’s lowland heathland. As a regular visitor to Suffolk and the owner of a handy little caravan just along the coast, this topic was the obvious choice from the point of view of both interest and the practicality of ‘where am I going to sleep?’.

Over the following weeks I regularly hit the heath laden down with two heavy rucksacks full of GPS, anemometer, TXDGUDWV WKHUPRPHWHUV FOLSERDUGV DQG spare batteries (the latter one I learned the hard way!). Heathland is not renowned for its shade and with 2013 being the third KRWWHVW VXPPHU RQ UHFRUG D ELJ ÁRSS\ KDW and plenty of water was also de rigueur. Over the coming month the Silver-Studded Blue was hunted (although not in an old fashioned collectors way), tracked, counted and the habitat prodded and poked until WKH KHDW DQG WKH UDQGRP TXDGUDWV· KDELW

The Silver-studded Blue is a niche habitat VSHFLHV UHTXLULQJ D FRPSOH[ PL[ RI %HOO and Ling heathers at all lifecycle stages, warm microclimates, bare earth patches of loose soil and the presence of certain species of Black Ants with which it lives in a mutualistic relationship. In a world of fragmented landscapes and modern day ODQG XVH SUHVVXUHV LW LVQ·W GLIÀFXOW WR SUHGLFW ZK\ WKLV EXWWHUÁ\ KDV EHHQ LQ WURXEOH RYHU more recent decades.

The Suffolk Argus of placing me in patches of painful gorse started to take its toll on my sanity.

YROXQWHHUV ZKR KDYH IUHTXHQWO\ EUDYHG FROG winter winds and gorse scratches, or stood, slightly demoralised, amongst the swaths of sapling birches sprouting through an area nicely cleared only a few short weeks earlier. As a semi-natural habitat heathland does UHO\ RQ WKH SRVLWLYH LQÁXHQFH RI PDQ WR ensure it remains in a healthy state. Up until the 1960s sheep grazing and rabbit warrening kept the scrub succession in check, but today this action is dependent on the many hands of volunteers. While there are rabbits on the site, my birthday was spent on my hands and knees counting rabbit droppings, which, other than not being very celebratory, showed very low populations at Purdis Heath. The reasons for this aren’t completely clear as the site should be good rabbit country, but myxomatosis was observed on the site. Predation appears to be low with limited fox droppings seen and, while the area is used for dog-walking, nearby reserves have higher paw/foot fall and still sustain healthy rabbit colonies. The QRQ ÁLJKW DUHDV GDWD VKRZHG D VLJQLÀFDQWO\ lower percentage cover of heathers, higher cover of scrub, herbaceous and leaf litter, DOO DUHDV WKDW QHJDWLYHO\ LQÁXHQFH WKH abundance of the Silver-studded Blue.

So what did all this data show? On the numbers side of things the total count for the period was 203 male and 41 female, with a peak count of 33 males and 7 females on 13 July, up from 16 and 5 respectively in 2009 and the lows of 2 and 2 in 2010. 7KH ÁLJKW DUHD LQ ZDV D WLQ\ KD RI heathland in the north-west corner, which has now grown to cover 1.03ha spread over three sizeable patches spread across the heath. A 930% increase and not that far off the 1985 peaks of 1.3ha. The females were far more sedentary covering only 0.4ha, admittedly harder to see but also probably lying low to avoid any unwanted advances or having already been mated. In old money a hectare is 2.47105 acres. The dominant behaviours were nectaring on Bell heather, basking/roosting on Ling KHDWKHU DQG DOVR LQ ÁLJKW 7KH H[KDXVWLQJ RI early nectar sources appeared to impact the ODWHU REVHUYDWLRQV ZLWK DGXOWV VLJQLÀFDQWO\ moving locations. Only the males were territorial and were busy over the whole ÁLJKW SHULRG IHQGLQJ RII RWKHU PDOHV SOXV RWKHU EXWWHUÁ\ VSHFLHV LQFOXGLQJ 6PDOO +HDWKV DQG ODWH Á\LQJ *UHHQ +DLUVWUHDNV Territorial behaviour was primarily to ensure the continued search for a mate but they also appeared to be protecting nectar sources, a fact not noted in the literature and worth exploring in future studies. Observing females in the act of egg laying is notoriously GLIÀFXOW IRU WKLV VSHFLHV D IDFW WKDW GLGQ·W IDLO to disappoint during this study.

A big thank you must be sent to all those people who have supported me during this UHVHDUFK <RX NQRZ ZKR \RX DUH DQG \RX KDYH EHHQ PHQWLRQHG E\ QDPH LQ P\ ÀQDO report. The details here are just a taster RI P\ ÀQDO ÀQGLQJV DQG LI \RX VKRXOG OLNH more information please do contact me at GDUUHQÁLQW#KRWPDLO FR XN Oh, and I nearly forgot, why the reference to Val Doonican in the title? Well, as part of the habitat analysis, a thing called a drop disk was used to measure the vegetation height. Constructed from a metre ruler and a homemade disk of plastic formed from two charity shop LPs, one of which was the comforting presence of Val.

There is still a long way to go in restoring the heathland habitat back to its former glory and the Silver-studded Blue highs RI WKH V EXW D KLJK TXDOLW\ PRVDLF RI heather ages and bare earth patches is by no means unattainable. I’m sure the hard work left to do won’t come as a surprise to those 8

Autumn 2013

Purple Hairstreak, Brown Argus, Comma and Long-tailed Blue Notes on the photographs inside the front cover Purple Hairstreak 0DUWLQ 5RJHUV D WUDQVHFW ZDONHU DW 1RZWRQ 3DUN observed and photographed an adult at ground level.

shows the same white spot with a central EODFN ÁHFN TXLWH SRVVLEO\ WR VLW DORQJVLGH D tentatively discredited account of a Northern Brown Argus at Lakenheath Warren circa 1918. One of Richard Lewington’s paintings in 7KH %XWWHUÁLHV RI %ULWDLQ DQG ,UHODQG Thomas & Lewington 2010 shows this form.

Martin wrote: ‘I was out with my camera this morning and snapped something unusual at a distance. It ZDV D 3XUSOH +DLUVWUHDN ZKLFK ZDV ÁLWWLQJ about on the grass for some reason, stopping occasionally, before zooming off in the direction of where I saw a Purple Hairstreak in 2011, just 200 metres away. The exact location of this sighting is the patch of longer grass just beyond WKH YHU\ ODVW SRVW LQ WKH EXWWHUÁ\ WUDQVHFW ·

The Natural History Museum’s Cockayne Collection shows it in a male Brown Argus, Aricia agestis ab. snelleni ter Haar’. Comma 3DXOLQH 5XWKHUIRUG D PHPEHU RI WKH 6RXWK <RUNVKLUH %UDQFK SKRWRJUDSKHG WKLV SDUWLFXODUO\ SDOH &RPPD at Lakenheath Fen on the 18th September.

Rob Parker’s reply: ‘The Purple Hairstreak larva feeds on oak leaves until ready to pupate. Then it drops to the ground and pupates amongst fallen oak leaves, or is taken into a convenient ants’ nest. In summer they emerge early in the morning, and those people who get out early (like you) FDQ EH OXFN\ HQRXJK WR ÀQG D YHU\ IUHVK DGXOW GU\LQJ LWV ZLQJV LQ WKH GHZ\ JUDVV <RXUV ZDV DW WKH OHDUQLQJ WR Á\ VWDJH ·

Rob Parker has been in discussion with Alec Harmer, the author of Variations in British %XWWHUÁLHV who says that the Natural History Museum Collection lists only two relevant FRORXU IRUPV QHLWKHU RI ZKLFK TXLWH ÀW WKLV specimen. However, there is a photo of a Comma like this one that has been allocated the title ab. nov which means it was considered to be a new variety at the time it was described, Polygonia c-album ab. nov.

Brown Argus Trevor Goodfellow photographed an unusual Brown $UJXV DW 7KXUVWRQ QHDU %XU\ 6W (GPXQGV RQ WKH 14th June.

Long-tailed Blue Chris Overton photographed this male at Dunwich Heath on the 15th August.

Rob Parker commented: ‘Generally the Brown Argus has a black spot or ÁHFN RQ WKH IRUHZLQJ ZKHUHDV WKH 1RUWKHUQ Mountain Brown Argus A. artaxerxes has a white spot. Occasionally a specimen turns up with the QRUPDO EODFN ÁHFN VHW LQ D ZKLWH VXUURXQG DQG some years ago I saw a similar specimen on the Devil’s Dyke. 7KLV DEHUUDWLRQ DSSHDUV WR EH LQIUHTXHQW LQ RXU East Anglian populations.

Rob Parker commented: ‘It is likely to be a migrant from the continent. During August several adults and eggs were found from Salisbury Plain through the southern counties to the north Kent coast. The /RQJ WDLOHG %OXH LV DQ LQWULJXLQJ EXWWHUÁ\ DV it occasionally arrives as eggs or small larvae in fresh packs of peas or beans imported from Spain or Kenya. These generally emerge in someone’s home and are found freshly emerged in the garden or conservatory.’

In %XWWHUÁLHV RI 6XIIRON Mendel & Piotrowski 1986, the illustration of a female Brown Argus 9

The Suffolk Argus

Recording at Northfield Wood -XO\ DQG $XJXVW ZHUH D MR\ IRU EXWWHUÁ\ ZDWFKHUV EXW GXULQJ UHFHQW \HDUV WKH WUHQG LQ EXWWHUÁ\ numbers has been downwards. -RKQ :DOVKH FRPPHQWV WR 5RE 3DUNHU DERXW KLV VLJKWLQJV RQ WK -XO\ DW 1RUWKÀHOG :RRG D :RRGODQG Trust property near Stowmarket. Between 12:00-13:10 I walked all the rides DQG SDWKV <RX ZHUH ULJKW DERXW WKH :KLWH Admirals, I counted 15 throughout the wood, it was great to see them as I only ever saw one or two when doing regular transects in the wood in the 90’s. The rides and paths are much more heavily shaded than I remember then, which has undoubtedly led to a reduction in the QXPEHUV RI EXWWHUÁLHV I did see three White-letter Hairstreaks along the main north/south ride through the centre of the wood called The Glade, one at ground level and two over an oak, there’s still plenty of healthy young elm for them in WKH 1: TXDUWHU RI WKH ZRRG

White Admiral by Beryl Johnson

The full count was: Ringlet 64, Speckled Wood 32, Green-veined White 17, White Admiral 15, Meadow Brown 11, Large Skipper 10, Large White 4, Comma 4, White-letter Hairstreak 3, Small White 2. 162 in 10 species, compare to: 263 in 12 species, 178 in 09 species, 238 in 14 species, 317 in 12 species, 331 in 13 species,

17.07.2013 17.07.1999 16.07.1998 22.07.1997 18.07.1996 21.07.1995

So, a general reduction in numbers since comparable July counts in the late 1990’s with increases noted today in only shade loving Speckled Woods & White Admirals.

Autumn 2013

Some notes from the AGM Over 50 people attended the meeting at St Luke’s Church Hall, Ipswich on the 21st September.

:LGHU &RXQWU\VLGH %XWWHUÁ\ 6FKHPH VLQFH LWV introduction in the Branch in 2009. He has stepped down from the post and next season the Scheme will be co-ordinated by Twm Wade.

Mike Dean welcomed members and our guest, Dr Susan Foden, who is a BC Council Member.

Our membership has grown by 62% since 2010. We have membership in 383 households.

He thanked Branch Committee Members for their work in the past year and noted with particular thanks the commitment and hard ZRUN RI WKRVH DERXW WR UHWLUH IURP RIÀFH

Rob Parker and Tony Prichard gave overviews RI WKH EXWWHUÁ\ DQG PRWK VHDVRQV After the coffee break short presentations were made: Trevor Goodfellow showed photos of some EXWWHUÁLHV LQ WKH +DXJKOH\ DUHD +H LQFOXGHG a Brown Argus aberration (see separate note).

Rob Parker, who has been the County Recorder for the past eleven years, is retiring from this post. Bill Stone has become the new County Recorder. Rob will continue in the role of Conservation 2IÀFHU %XWWHUÁLHV Graham Simister, who has been the Treasurer IRU WKH SDVW ÀYH \HDUV LV VWHSSLQJ GRZQ Dominic Hill is to take over the post.

Julian Dowding reported that the Brimstone and Buckthorn Project had progressed well. There had been a good response to the buckthorn offer and the plotting of Brimstone sightings on the website map had been popular.

Richard Perryman had joined the Committee during the year and his work on the Branch website, particularly the Sightings page, is proving to be very popular and well used by members.

Twm Wade showed a movie in DVD form of EXWWHUÁLHV WKDW KH KDG VHHQ PRVWO\ LQ :HVW Suffolk.

Helen Saunders has taken a keen interest in conservation work and recording and was welcomed onto the Committee.

Darren Flint gave an overview of his MSc thesis work that he carried out during the summer months on the Silver-studded Blue at Purdis Heath. (See his main article for an overview of his work.)

Peter Dare has been the co-ordinator for the

Silver-studded Blue by Douglas Hammersley

The Suffolk Argus

Butterfly Conservation Suffolk Branch

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Autumn 2013

Late Summer Butterflies at Alton Water Sunday 25th August 2013 Bill Stone

Alton Water reservoir is one of my IDYRXULWH ORFDO ¶EXWWHUÁ\LQJ· KDXQWV DQG LV D YHQXH WKDW , YLVLW IUHTXHQWO\ GXULQJ WKH year. As such, I thought that it would make DQ LQWHUHVWLQJ EXWWHUÁ\ ZDON IRU %& 6XIIRON members. The park area surrounding the reservoir totals over 400 acres and offers a variety of accessible woodland, grassland and traditionally managed meadows. Given this mixture of habitats a variety RI EXWWHUÁ\ VSHFLHV FDQ EH IRXQG WKURXJK most of the year. The meeting place for the event was in the main Stutton car park and by 10am, 15 members had gathered together for the walk. The weather forecast was for a grey start but with the sun due to appear around lunchtime with temperatures rising to 23ºC. So, after a brief health and safety talk and a summary of the plan for the day the group set off towards the south shore. 2Q OHDYLQJ WKH FDU SDUN ZH IRXQG RXU ÀUVW EXWWHUÁ\ LQ WKH IRUP RI D WDWW\ 6SHFNOHG Wood which had no doubt been damaged by the torrential rain that had fallen on Suffolk the day before. Walking across WKH ÀUVW SLHFH RI JUDVVODQG WRZDUGV Rabbets Wood we soon came across Large White, Green-veined White and Small 7RUWRLVHVKHOO $V WKH ZLQG ZDV VWLOO TXLWH cool I decided to lead the group towards the reservoir edge and here we found some sheltered areas along the lower footpath. %XWWHUÁLHV ZHUH DOVR VKHOWHULQJ KHUH DQG we added Peacock, Meadow Brown and Small White to the day list along with several more Small Tortoiseshells. Whilst walking through some of the small Oak trees, bramble patches and clumps of Rosebay Willowherb we started to see 13

several species of Odonata with Common %OXH DQG $]XUH %OXH 'DPVHOÁLHV EHLQJ recorded along with Ruddy Darter, (PSHURU 'UDJRQÁ\ DQG 0LJUDQW +DZNHU Further along the path we also found good QXPEHUV RI :LOORZ (PHUDOG 'DPVHOÁLHV LQFOXGLQJ VHYHUDO SDLUV Á\LQJ LQ FRS $ few moths were also recorded here, with Straw Dot and Vapourer being seen well. Exploring the patches of grass and ragwort SURGXFHG WKH ÀUVW RI PDQ\ &RPPRQ %OXH EXWWHUÁLHV WRJHWKHU ZLWK D YHU\ EULHI YLHZ RI D VNLSSHU VSHFLHV WKDW ÁHZ EHIRUH LW FRXOG EH SRVLWLYHO\ LGHQWLÀHG &RQWLQXLQJ along the path we came across several ODUJH SDWFKHV RI ÁRZHULQJ 0LQW DQG IRXQG RXU ÀUVW 3DLQWHG /DG\ RI WKH GD\ DJDLQ D tatty individual sheltering from the wind. More Peacocks and Small Tortoiseshells were also found nectaring and resting out of the wind and soon a Gatekeeper was found too. Several Wasp Spider nests were found by some of the group, giving us a chance to examine this fascinating spider and the intricacies of the web construction. Walking through Rabbets Wood brought us out onto a network of footpaths around WKH GUDJRQÁ\ SRROV +HUH ZH FDPH DFURVV several large patches of Common Fleabane and more Mint. Checking these closely proved worthwhile with some wonderfully fresh Common Blues being found together with more Small Tortoiseshells, whites, 3HDFRFNV DQG RXU ÀUVW 6PDOO &RSSHU RI WKH GD\ $ 5HG $GPLUDO ZDV DOVR VHHQ EULHÁ\ by some of the group but it didn’t linger for the rest to enjoy. Further along this path and just where it rises to enter Larch Wood a damp area covered in Mint was found and this proved WR EH D OLYLQJ ¶FDUSHW· RI EXWWHUÁLHV 1LQH

The Suffolk Argus VSHFLHV RI EXWWHUÁLHV ZHUH VHHQ RYHU WKLV patch of Mint alone, including our one and only Holly Blue for the day. With the wind dropping and temperatures rising I decided to head back towards the car park and we called in at the small wildlife refuge to check some of the reptile mats. Here we were rewarded with views of both Grass Snake and Common Lizard. This area was also a magnet for Migrant +DZNHU GUDJRQÁLHV ZLWK JRRG QXPEHUV seen patrolling the footpaths. Retracing our steps we started to see PRUH &RPPRQ %OXH EXWWHUÁLHV WKDQ VHHQ HDUOLHU DQG DOVR RXU ÀUVW Brown Argus of the walk. Further along the path a Small Heath was seen EULHÁ\ E\ D OXFN\ IHZ ZLWK a second one also noted EULHÁ\ Arriving back at the car park we said goodbye to a few members before enjoying lunch. It had been a good GD\ VR IDU ZLWK ÀIWHHQ VSHFLHV RI EXWWHUÁLHV seen along with the high numbers of Small Tortoiseshells.

We did a short circular walk through the grass area before I took the group onto the reservoir edge to explore the extensive patches of Mint, Fleabane and other ÁRZHULQJ SODQWV %\ WKLV WLPH WKH VXQ ZDV RXW DQG WKHUH ZHUH EXWWHUÁLHV HYHU\ZKHUH Working our way slowly along the edge we saw large numbers of Small Tortoiseshells together with more Common Blues, whites and Peacocks. Another Painted Lady was found, this time in a much better condition and a couple of pristine and very bright Red Admirals were also enjoyed. Turning D FRUQHU UHYHDOHG D ÁDVK RI RUDQJH DQG \HOORZ DQG D &ORXGHG <HOORZ EXWWHUÁ\ ÁHZ LQWR YLHZ , TXLFNO\ FDOOHG WKH JURXS together and we were all able to get some great views of this exciting migrant EXWWHUÁ\ :H PRYHG on further and I thought our luck was in again this time with a Grayling. However, despite the zigzag ÁLJKW DQG WKH IDFW WKDW LW ÁHZ VWUDLJKW WR WKH ground, closed it’s wings and tilted itself to one side it turned out to be a Meadow Brown! Returning to the car park we found that a Comma had been seen earlier by several of the group, so that brought the day’s total to 17 species. All agreed that it had EHHQ D JUHDW 6XIIRON EXWWHUÁ\ GD\ ZLWK WKH highlights being the incredible numbers of Small Tortoiseshells and the Clouded <HOORZ

After lunch we made our way over the dam towards the north shore to explore the north-east corner. Numerous ‘blues’ were found whilst walking towards the dam and whilst crossing it both Common Blue and Brown $UJXV ZHUH LGHQWLÀHG ,W ZDV LQWHUHVWLQJ to note the variety of colouration of the female Common Blues with typical brown types being found along with purple/ blue varieties too.

Small Tortoiseshell by Beryl Johnson.

Autumn 2013

Visiting The Monarchs Richard Stewart

7KLV PXVW EH WKH QXPEHU RQH EXWWHUÁ\ H[SHULHQFH DQ\ZKHUH LQ WKH ZRUOG 0RQDUFK EXWWHUÁLHV LQ their millions overwinter among the Oyamel Pines in the mountains of Mexico, having entered the Guinness Book of Records as a result of their journey, sometimes over two thousand miles, to get there. The return journey takes VHYHUDO JHQHUDWLRQV RI EXWWHUÁLHV H[WHQGLQJ right through to Canada, until milkweed, the larval food plant, stops growing. I had assumed, from reading beforehand, that Marie and I plus the rest of our group would arrive at a fairly remote site, with a handful of other visitors. The reality was a Mexican bank holiday, with thousands there and a plethora of hastily erected stalls selling cheap replicas. 'HVSLWH ORQJ TXHXHV RXU JXLGH·V ÁXHQW 6SDQLVK JRW XV LQ TXLFNO\ DORQJ D WUDLO ZHOO ZDUGHQHG though later on they had to open up a side route because of the numbers involved.

REVHUYHG PDQ\ LQ SHULRGV RI VXQVKLQH Á\LQJ out to nectar on tall American golden rod. It was obviously disappointing for Marie but two years later, with the same leader, we returned. 7KLV WLPH LW ZDV PXFK TXLHWHU DQG DOWKRXJK WKH main clusters were higher up we both repeated ‘go slow’ every few seconds and got to the area where enormous clusters were hanging from many branches, then suddenly breaking free DQG Á\LQJ KLJK LQWR D GHHS EOXH VN\ 0RUH ZHUH gathered on the ground, where a small stream trickled across. I put on my most pleading expression and the vigilant warden allowed me to take a few steps off the path to get close up photos of the Monarchs covering the moist soil. ,W WRRN VRPH \HDUV WR ÀQG D SHUVRQ ZLOOLQJ WR take us but nowadays several companies have trips, notably Greentours and Naturetrek. These stick to the larger sites while others are kept DZD\ IURP WRXULVWV DQG DUH WKH IRFXV RI VFLHQWLÀF ZRUN 7KH EXWWHUÁLHV DUH VWLOO WKUHDWHQHG DW these overwintering sites by illegal logging and climate change. Recently the town of Angangueo, heavily dependent on ecotourism linked to monarch visits, was almost completely GHVWUR\HG E\ ÁRRGLQJ DQG ODQGVOLGHV

Unfortunately the combination of a bouncing local bus, a bumpy back of truck ride up to the site and high altitude meant Marie just couldn’t go on but she insisted I carried on while she sat on a seat, with a few Monarchs for company. %XWWHUÁ\ QXPEHUV JUHZ DV WKH DOWLWXGH LQFUHDVHG ÀUVW ÁXWWHULQJ DURXQG OLNH IDOOLQJ EURZQ DQG orange leaves then in numbers that meant you KDG WR WUHDG FDUHIXOO\ WR DYRLG VTXDVKLQJ WKHP

If you decide to go, do research beforehand. I would recommend three books or, of course, websites. The books are: Nomads of the Wind- Arnt etc. pub. Papadakis 2008, ISBN 978-1901092929-only partially about Monarchs but superb photos.

7KHQ , FDPH WR WKH ÀUVW FOXVWHU KDQJLQJ IURP a bough and fortunately close to the path so I could take photos. It was a sobering thought WKDW LQ MXVW WKLV RQH EXQFK ZHUH PRUH EXWWHUÁLHV than I would see in a whole year back in Britain. Sometimes the sheer weight breaks branches, making it perilous if this happens late in the day or at night and mortality can be high, increasing if the weather suddenly changes. Although Monarchs are poisonous to most predators one resident, the black-eared mouse, has adapted to cope with these toxins.

Four Wings and a Prayer-Halpern, pub, Weidenfeld and Nicolson,2001 ISBN 0297842218. This is a good mix of vivid description and VFLHQWLÀF UHVHDUFK DERXW PLJUDWLRQ URXWHV DQG WHFKQLTXHV Wings in the Meadow-Brewer, 1967 pub Dent ISBN not known and probably out of printa fascinating study as, when it was written, the overwintering sites weren’t known to the outside world.

Despite hearing learned people saying they don’t feed during overwintering, we actually 15

The Suffolk Argus

The Birdfair from a ‘butternutter’s’ perspective

Bill Stone

The Birdfair is an annual event running for over a weekend for three days in August at Rutland Water. This year it has celebrated its 25th anniversary and the event continues to go from VWUHQJWK WR VWUHQJWK (LJKW PDUTXHHV ZHUH LQ SODFH this year along with numerous other displays and exhibitions set up to welcome and entertain visitors from all over the UK, Europe and beyond. Several international conservation organisations are present along with numerous smaller groups representing individual reserves or championing particular conservation efforts. Although it is called the Birdfair it is also celebrated as the ‘international wildlife event of the year’. It seeks to provide accessibility to a number of nonornithological interests and highlight particular areas of natural history that are shared by many bird watchers. So with this in mind what is there to entertain a ‘butternutter’ amongst the QXPHURXV PDUTXHHV WDONV DQG GHPRQVWUDWLRQV"

Richard is always very friendly and welcoming. It’s a great chance to talk to him about current and future projects as well as look at some of his artwork up close and even buy some of his work. If you are in the market for some new optical HTXLSPHQW RU HYHQ VHHNLQJ DGYLFH DERXW D UHSDLU then the Birdfair offers a large number of stands for you to visit. All the ‘big guns’ are there such as Leica, Zeiss and Swarowski and you can check and handle the latest products from these companies or the other smaller brands. It’s a great opportunity to handle a lot of similar items especially if you are looking to buy a pair of binoculars or a telescope. Of note, this year the binoculars of choice for a lot of ‘butternutters’, the close focussing Pentax Papilio were available at some great prices. I’m sure you could have played one or two sellers off against each other for an even better price! &RQWLQXLQJ WKH HTXLSPHQW WKHPH D QXPEHU RI exhibitors, such as Garden Nature and the NHBS offer items such as: bat detectors, ‘pooters’, moth WUDSV EXWWHUÁ\ QHWV EXJ YLHZLQJ WUD\V DQG QHVW boxes. This year, I was fascinated by some of the items found on the ‘One Stop Nature Shop’ stand, especially their digital microscopes and the new portable USB microscope scopes that you can take LQWR WKH ÀHOG

If you love books on wildlife then the Birdfair is a great place to be. Large organisations such as the Natural History Book Service (NHBS) and Subbutteo Natural History Books are present selling the latest books as well as having a comprehensive selection of popular titles. I visited the WILDGuides stand and was able to look through a pre-issue copy of the forthcoming ERRN %ULWDLQ·V 'D\ Á\LQJ 0RWKV ,I \RX DUH looking for an older book or a particular edition then specialist natural history booksellers such as Calluna Books, Second Nature and Pemberley Books may be able to help you. One other thing worth mentioning is that a number of new books are available complete with their authors! So, you can get your book signed too.

If you are looking for a holiday or trip away then the Birdfair is perhaps one of the main events for promoting wildlife and natural history tourism. Numerous stands offer travel opportunities both in the UK and abroad encompassing everything from day trips through to month long expeditions. <RX FDQ HDVLO\ ERRN DQ HVFRUWHG WULS WR VHH Monarchs in Mexico, Tigers in Asia or albatrosses off Australia! In fact, if your budget is big enough \RX FRXOG TXLWH HDVLO\ ERRN XS WKH QH[W WKUHH years travelling and watching wildlife, not a bad thought!

7KH %LUGIDLU KDV D VHSDUDWH PDUTXHH GHYRWHG WR artwork. This covers not only oils, watercolours and pastels but also carvings and modern constructions using everything from beer cans to shopping trolleys! There are some incredible pieces of art to marvel over and in many cases the artists are present so you can get the story behind the piece or picture too. A favourite of mine and probably many of you is Richard Lewington.

In order to convince you to travel and explore there is a very varied programme of talks and presentations running throughout the Birdfair weekend. These are often led by various 16

Autumn 2013 personalities such as Chris Packham, Bill Oddie DQG 0DWW %DNHU WR QDPH EXW D IHZ :LWK EXWWHUÁLHV moths and other insects in mind, this year there were talks covering subjects such as ‘Moth WUDSSLQJ· E\ 7RQ\ 'DYLV ¶%XWWHUÁ\ ZDWFKLQJ LQ Borneo’ by Honor Phillipps, ‘Wilding up your JDUGHQ· E\ 6WHYH /RYHOO ¶%ULWDLQ·V +RYHUÁLHV· E\ Stuart Ball (co-author of the new guide Britain’s +RYHUÁLHV ¶'UDJRQÁLHV WKH ELUGZDWFKHUV LQVHFW· by Ruary Mackenzie Dodds (a man always worth listening to) and ‘The dire strait of Britain’s %XWWHUÁLHV· E\ %XWWHUÁ\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ·V RZQ 'U Martin Warren.

not just to show your support but also to catch up with the BC staff members and old friends that pass through. Other ‘butternutter’ friendly stands WR YLVLW LQFOXGH WKH %ULWLVK 'UDJRQÁ\ 6RFLHW\ DQG WKH 'UDJRQÁ\ 3URMHFW %XJOLIH %RWDQLFDO 6RFLHW\ of the British Isles, Plantlife and the British Arachnological Society (BAS). This year the BAS had some wonderful spiders on display and some fantastic photographs too. There are lots of other things going on at the Birdfair which I haven’t managed to cover in this piece. If you haven’t been before or perhaps not for a few years then it’s certainly something worth going to see. Next year’s event has been FRQÀUPHG IRU WKH WK WK DQG WK $XJXVW I hope to see you there!

7DONLQJ RI %XWWHUÁ\ &RQVHUYDWLRQ %& KDYH WKHLU own stand at the Birdfair and are ably supported by the East Midlands Branch. It’s worth a visit

‘Britain’s Day-flying Moths’ - a new identification guide A review by Tony Prichard

¶%ULWDLQ·V 'D\ Á\LQJ 0RWKV $ ÀHOG JXLGH WR WKH GD\ Á\LQJ PRWKV RI %ULWDLQ DQG ,UHODQG· E\ David Newland, Robert Still and Andy Swash. Published by Princeton. ISBN - 978-0-691-15832-7

which they can be found and a section on conservation and legislation. )RU D ÀHOG JXLGH WKHUH LV D IDLU DPRXQW RI information for each species covering its status, habitats where it can be found, when the moth is Á\LQJ DQ\ FRQIXVLRQ VSHFLHV IRRGSODQWV DQG D small distribution map.

7KLV LV D QHZ PRWK LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ JXLGH WKDW may be of interest to the more diurnal of lepidopterists. There have been previous guides WR GD\ Á\LQJ PRWKV WKDW KDYH EHHQ UDWKHU limited in scope, only covering the most common DQG ZLGHVSUHDG RI GD\ Á\LQJ PRWKV 7KLV ERRN goes much further and covers 155 species of GD\ Á\LQJ PRWK FRYHULQJ DOO WKH PDFUR PRWKV WKDW DUH WKRXJKW WR EH GD\ ÁLHUV DQG D VHOHFWLRQ RI WKH PRUH FRPPRQ DQG HDVLO\ LGHQWLÀDEOH GD\ Á\LQJ PLFUR PRWKV 7KH ERRN EHJLQV ZLWK VRPH general introductory pages covering topics such DV PRWK ELRORJ\ PRWK LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG ZKHUH WR ÀQG GD\ Á\LQJ PRWKV The main bulk of the book is taken up with the section of species accounts, with one page for each species. Following the species accounts there are a few smaller sections, notably a tabulation of the species against habitats in

+HOS RQ LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ LV DOVR FRYHUHG LQ WKH WH[W ZKHQ UHTXLUHG DOWKRXJK VRPH GLDJUDPV WR LOOXVWUDWH LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ IHDWXUHV ZRXOG KDYH been a very useful addition. Almost all the SKRWRV DUH RI JRRG TXDOLW\ DQG VKRZ OLYH PRWKV ZLWK MXVW WKH RGG H[FHSWLRQ ZKHUH WKH TXDOLW\ LV not so good. One unfortunate mistake is that the picture given for Latticed Heath is actually a Common Heath moth, which may lead to some PLV LGHQWLÀFDWLRQV Overall this is a well-produced book that would make a useful addition to your library if you are interested in identifying those odd moths that you see while out and about looking for EXWWHUÁLHV

The Suffolk Argus

Brimstones and Buckthorn initiative Julian Dowding

The latest efforts to encourage Brimstone EXWWHUÁLHV WR VSUHDG LQWR WKH HDVW RI WKH FRXQW\ DQG DOVR WR UDLVH DZDUHQHVV WKURXJK EXWWHUÁ\ gardening has already shown signs that it is beginning to work, even though it is early days yet. For those that are new to the Branch, it might be helpful to outline what has happened.

going. It is pleasing to be able to report that some have already had Brimstones visiting. Mainly they are sightings of Brimstones visiting the gardens and/or near to where bushes were planted, and some even found caterpillars on their still small bushes. These records together with those of bushes planted have been plotted on a Google map which can be found at:

It is a well-known fact that female Brimstone EXWWHUÁLHV DUH YHU\ JRRG DW ÀQGLQJ %XFNWKRUQ bushes on which to lay their eggs. Buckthorn is WKH RQO\ NQRZQ ODUYDO IRRG SODQW RI WKH EXWWHUÁ\ and as these are scarce in the east of the county, a good way of increasing the population in the areas where they don’t appear is simply to plant the bush in the knowledge that the Brimstones ZLOO ÀQG WKHP

h t t p : / / g re e n w i n g s . c o / p a g e / b r i m s t o n e s --buckthorn-2571 and http://www. VXIIRONEXWWHUÁLHV RUJ XN EULPVWRQH KWPO Please be aware that there are now four pages of records on this map. They can be accessed by selecting ‘View new Brimstone map in a larger map’. Once the map is open, simply scrolling down the left hand side to the bottom of the page enables you to select each page.

With this in mind, Suffolk Branch and Suffolk Naturalists’ Society provided generous funding to buy and send out 1,135 small Buckthorn bushes to 242 households in the winter of 2011/2012. Most of the recipients lived in the east of the county. Bushes have now passed through their second summer and emails were sent out to those involved in the initiative to ask how things were

For those of you with Buckthorns, please continue to tend them. They are usually a little slow to get going and take about 3 to 4 years to establish properly. It’s always worth mulching around them with whatever comes to hand, be it well rotted compost, grass clippings or pieces of old carpet. In time, we are SUHWW\ FRQÀGHQW WKDW \RX ZLOO ÀQG %ULPVWRQHV visiting your garden in spring, looking for somewhere to lay eggs. Males are sometimes as early as February if it’s sunny. They will be either looking for a source of nectar to supply energy after their long hibernation or a mate. Females usually visit from about May onwards. Please continue to send records to us at brimstones@ VXIIRONEXWWHUÁLHV RUJ XN

Autumn 2013

Visit to South Cumbria Sunday 7th – Tuesday 9th July 2013 Peter Maddison

Gait Barrows

The village of Arnside is situated in the southeast corner of Cumbria. To the north is the Kent estuary and beyond there are distant views of the Lake District mountains. Immediately to the south is the limestone hill area of Arnside Knott and Gait Barrows, which are famed for their invertebrate VSHFLHV DQG VSHFLDO ÁRUD

6XQGD\ WK -XO\

On Saturday 6th July we travelled to Arnside in independent groups from Suffolk. Arriving in good time during the afternoon and wanting to make the most RI WKH KRW VXQVKLQH ² H[FHOOHQW EXWWHUÁ\LQJ weather that continued throughout the weekend - Richard and Marie Stewart and , PDGH D TXLFN YLVLW WR *DLW %DUURZV :LWKLQ 100 metres of parking the car and following WKH QRUWKHUQ <HZ 7UDLO ZH KDG LGHQWLÀHG RXU ÀUVW 1RUWKHUQ %URZQ $UJXV DQG QRW much further on, within a glade just off the track, we spotted a High Brown Fritillary. It ÁHZ EHWZHHQ QHFWDU VRXUFHV VPDOO FOXPSV RI ÁRZHULQJ WKLVWOHV DQG VKRZHG LWVHOI in perfect condition. Wow! That was two new species for me and we had only just arrived! Large Skippers were plentiful and there were Speckled Wood, Meadow Brown, Ringlet, a male Common Blue and a Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary. The seven members of our group staying in Arnside met up during the evening, a hot, sultry evening memorable for the sunset over the estuary and the numerous circling, screaming swifts that nested under the eaves of the hotel. It was not so memorable for the ÀVK SLH WKDW XQIRUWXQDWHO\ FDXVHG $ODQ DQG Beryl Johnson to miss the following day’s walk!

Arriving at the car park for a mid morning start we were soon met by Stella and Roger Wolfe who were staying close by and within easy walking distance, and we were soon RII DORQJ WKH <HZ 7UDLO NHHQ WR UHYLVLW WKH sites of our observations of the previous afternoon. Some searching produced a rather worn Northern Brown Argus but a High Brown Fritillary in the same area as the one seen yesterday was an exciting ÀQG DQG ZKLOVW LW ZDV QHFWDULQJ ERWK WKH upperside and underside of the wings could be examined in close up. Aren’t closefocus binoculars such as Pentax Papilio just EULOOLDQW" $OWKRXJK LW FRQWLQXDOO\ ÁLWWHG between nectar sources it remained poised long enough for photographers to get their ÀOO WRR /DWHU DQRWKHU +LJK %URZQ )ULWLOODU\ was seen, but not before Grayling, Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary, Ringlet, Meadow Brown, Large Skipper, Dingy Skipper and several more worn Northern Brown Argus were recorded. A Wood Ants nest was an LQWHUHVWLQJ ÀQG DV ZHUH WKH VSHQW ÁRZHU heads of a colony of the Lady’s Slipper Orchid. Wall Rue, Herb Paris, Plowman’s Spikenard, Common Rock-rose and Wild Thyme were all recorded. In the afternoon the Limestone Trail was followed. The path leading down to the SDVWXUHV ZDV OLQHG ZLWK FOXPSV RI ÁRZHULQJ knapweed, clover and Betony and in the shelter provided by the neighbouring woodland a couple of High Brown Fritillaries were seen and another large fritillary, that might have been a High Brown or was it a Dark Green? It wouldn’t

The Suffolk Argus stop for an id, unlike a Small Pearl-bordered )ULWLOODU\ WKDW 5LFKDUG LGHQWLÀHG DIWHU KH·G circumnavigated a hawthorn and deep bracken! I made the comment that we hadn’t seen a good argus yet, which brought the TXLFN UHVSRQVH ¶1R KDYHQ·W KDG D JRRG Argus since the editor changed.’ Not all of the group was amused! The limestone pavement on this trail is fascinating. Shaped in glacial times the rock has been eroded further by rain and surface ZDWHU WR OHDYH ÁDW URFN ¶FOLQWV· VXUURXQGHG E\ GHHS ÀVVXUHV ¶JULNHV· ,Q WKH JULNHV SODQW growth is restricted but ash, rowan, yew and juniper grow slowly, as well as invasive dog rose and bramble. Rigid Buckler Fern was noted but it was not until later that Stella and Roger found plants of the Dark Red Helleborine.

and an extensive bed of Hemp Agrimony ZKLFK ZDV QRW \HW LQ ÁRZHU EXW ZLWKLQ D couple of weeks would become a nectar PDJQHW IRU EHHV DQG EXWWHUÁLHV 6NLUWLQJ around past the trig point and on to the wood ZH KDG ÀQH YLHZV RXW RYHU 0RUHFDPEH %D\ In the cool shade of the lower slopes Dog’s Mercury and beds of pungent Ramsons were found. Lunch was eaten in the shade in the vicinity of the car park but as the heat of the afternoon VHHPHG WR EH RYHUZKHOPLQJ WKH EXWWHUÁLHV they had sought out their own shelter, we decided to return to the hotel. Later in the afternoon, several members of the group walked along the riverside path to Gubbins Wood Reserve, where in the meadow Dark Green Fritillary, Large White and Meadow Brown were seen.

Two more Dingy Skipper, more Large Skipper, two Speckled Wood, a Comma, VHYHUDO /DUJH DQG 6PDOO :KLWH EXWWHUÁLHV DV well as a ‘polished’ Northern Brown Argus completed a fascinating day on the reserve.

Meathop Moss, Latterbarrow and Foulshaw Moss

Arnside Knott Monday 8th July The good weather continued and in the heat of a mid morning start we were delighted to ÀQG DEXQGDQW EXWWHUÁLHV DFURVV WKH KLOOVLGHV of the Knott. Flowering knapweed, thistles and bramble provided nectar for about 40 Dark Green Fritillary and about 15 Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary which were seen primarily on the slope below the stone topscope and further along the sheltered sections of the ridge. No High Brown Fritillary was seen here but Small Heath and Grayling were new species to add to the day’s list and there were some good specimens of the Northern Brown Argus. Large Skipper, Large White and Speckled Wood were recorded. Some plants of note were Common Spotted Orchid, Eyebright 20

Tuesday 9th July Meathop Moss, a lowland raised peatbog, lies to the north of the Kent estuary. It provides habitat for many interesting species of plants and invertebrates, and is favoured by the Large Heath, the third species on our weekend’s target list. On-going restoration work to secure the high water table of the mire has been undertaken in recent years and new access routes are being created. An enclosed sallow lined track leads from the road to a lush meadow and then on to the open Moss, where there is a broad H[SDQVH RI ÁRZHULQJ &RWWRQ *UDVV %RJ Asphodel, Bog Rosemary and Cross-leaved Heath. In the hot sunshine a lizard or two basked on the boardwalk, whilst nearby in the peaty runnels Round-leaved Sundews were found. It wasn’t long before our ÀUVW /DUJH +HDWK ZDV REVHUYHG D VWHDG\ LQGLYLGXDO WKDW DOORZHG D IHZ TXLFN SKRWRV to be taken. A little further onto the Moss

Autumn 2013 numerous Large Heaths became evident, Á\LQJ ORZ LQ HYHU\ GLUHFWLRQ KDUGO\ SDXVLQJ at each nectar source. Standing at the end of the boardwalk Richard counted the Large Heaths he could see in a 360° rotation: 50+ DQG FRXQWLQJ )RXU VSRW &KDVHU GUDJRQÁLHV YDULRXV EOXH GDPVHOÁLHV DQG QXPHURXV Purple-bordered Gold moths caught our attention. Time passed and in the midday heat we moved on to Latterbarrow, a small meadow and woodland reserve where shade was welcome for our lunchtime stop. We thought of Alan and Beryl who, having missed our Gait Barrow walk, elected to visit there today and we imagined them watching High Brown Fritillaries, which they reported later they had been doing. At Latterbarrow Oxe-eyed Daisy was profuse, EXW WKH PHDGRZ ZDV ÀOOHG ZLWK 6FDELRXV /DG\·V %HGVWUDZ %HWRQ\ DQG ÁRZHULQJ bramble which was a favoured nectaring SODQW RI D ÁLJKW\ 'DUN *UHHQ )ULWLOODU\ ,Q WKH drier, stony parts Common Rockrose grew and it was here that we found Northern Brown Argus, the amount of white in the IRUHZLQJ VSRW EHLQJ TXLWH YDULDEOH HYHQ LQ fresh individuals. Our third reserve visit of the day

was to nearby Foulshaw Moss, a 350 acres raised peat bog. Much drainage and degradation of the peat has occurred here, but the Cumbria WT and Natural England have done much restoration work to retain water on the Moss. Cotton Grass was not so plentiful here but where it was found around the excavated ponds it grew and ÁRZHUHG LQ VWDUWOLQJ DEXQGDQFH 6RPH /DUJH +HDWK EXWWHUÁLHV ZHUH FRXQWHG EXW WKH\ were not as plentiful as at Meathop, perhaps the afternoon sun was discouraging them IURP Á\LQJ 'UDJRQÁLHV WRRN RXU H\H -LP was in his element, and good sightings were made of Emperor, Four-spot Chaser, Large 5HG 'DPVHOÁ\ (PHUDOG 'DPVHOÁ\ $]XUH %OXH WDLOHG DQG &RPPRQ 'DPVHOÁLHV %XW WKH LQWURGXFHG :KLWH IDFHG 'UDJRQÁ\ photographed that morning by another visitor, remained elusive. We returned to Arnside and the following day, whilst some members of our group departed for Suffolk, others remained to extend their stay in the area. It had been a most enjoyable long-weekend: rare EXWWHUÁLHV JRRG FRPSDQ\ DQG ÀQH weather.

High Brown Fritillary by Beryl Johnson

The Suffolk Argus These haiku were written during the recent Suffolk Branch trip to Arnside Knott and the surrounding area. Our hotel overlooked the estuary of the river Kent. Richard Stewart Nothing is so sad Or hauntingly beautiful As a curlew’s cry. ... First fritillary A High Brown on tall thistles The rarest of all. ... The unexpected A worn Dingy Skipper rests Its life span ending. ... It’s too hot to sleep. Lying in bed I listen To the dawn chorus. ... Morning comes softly With calls of wakening gulls Bubblings of curlew. ... From my bed I watch Early hunting swifts catching Sunlight on their wings. .... On limestone pavement Graylings get closer, basking ,Q UHÁHFWHG KHDW ... By a lonely pond Blankets of white cotton grass Swaying in the wind. ... 7KH ÀUVW YDQHVVLG Small Tortoiseshell on the beach Basking in sunlight. ... Sunset sand becomes A dappled Shibori cloth $SSOLTXHG ZLWK JXOOV 22

Autumn 2013 Visit to South Cumbria

Cotton Grass and dragonfly ponds at Foulshaw Moss

Meathop Moss

Photo by PRM

Large Heath on Cross-leaved Heath

Round-leaved Sundew

Ros and Jim at Meathop Moss

Photo by PRM

Photo by JF

Photo by PRM

Photo by Jim Foster

High Brown Fritillary at Gait Barrows NNR (Lancs.)

Photo by Peter Maddison

Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary

Northern Brown Argus

Grey Heron at sunset