Issuu

Ìàð³ÿ Êó÷ìà Ë³ë³ÿ Ìîðñüêà

ÀÍÃË²ÉÑÜÊÀ ÌÎÂÀ (5-é ð³ê íàâ÷àííÿ, äðóãà ³íîçåìíà ìîâà)

Ï²ÄÐÓ×ÍÈÊ ÄËß 9 ÊËÀÑÓ çàêëàä³â çàãàëüíî¿ ñåðåäíüî¿ îñâ³òè (ç àóä³îñóïðîâîäîì) Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України

2026

УДК 811.111(075.3) К 88

Рекомендовано Міністерством освіти і науки України (наказ Міністерства освіти і науки України від 20.08.2025 р., №1164) ВИДАНО ЗА РАХУНОК ДЕРЖАВНИХ КОШТІВ. ПРОДАЖ ЗАБОРОНЕНО

Підручник створено за модельною навчальною програмою «Друга іноземна мова. 5–9 класи» для закладів загальної середньої освіти (автори: Редько В. Г., аленко О. П., Сотникова С. І., Коваленко О. ., Коропецька І. Б., коб О. М., Самойлюкевич І. В., Добра О. М., Кіор Т. М., Мацькович М. Р., Глинюк Л. М., Браун . Л.).

К 88

Кучма М.О. Англійська мова (5-й рік навчання, друга іноземна мова) : підручник для 9 кл. закладів загальн. середн. освіти (з аудіосупроводом) / М.О. Кучма, Л.І. Морська. Тернопіль : Навчальна книга – Богдан, 2026. 208 с. : іл. 978-966-10-9214-2 УДК

(

. )

О ороня ться законом про авторське право. одна частина цього видання не мо е ути відтворена в удь-якому вигляді ез дозволу видавництва.

978-966-10-9214-2

Кучма М.О., Морська Л.І., 2025 Навчальна книга – Богдан, виключна ліцензія на видання, оригінал-макет, 2026

Äîðîã³ äåâ’ÿòèêëàñíèêè ³ äåâ’ÿòèêëàñíèö³! Ðîçïî÷èíàºòüñÿ âàø ï’ÿòèé ð³ê âèâ÷åííÿ îäí³º¿ ç íàéïîïóëÿðí³øèõ ìîâ ñâ³òó. Çà ïîïåðåäí³ ðîêè âè íàâ÷èëèñÿ áàãàòî: ðîçïîâ³äàòè àíãë³éñüêîþ ïðî ñâîþ çîâí³øí³ñòü, ñ³ì’þ, äðóç³â, øêîëó, ïðî÷èòàëè òà ïðîñëóõàëè ö³êàâ³ òåêñòè ïðî Âåëèêó Áðèòàí³þ, ÑØÀ, Êàíàäó, Àâñòðàë³þ òîùî. Ïåðåêîíàí³, ùî âè ðîçóì³ºòå âàæëèâ³ñòü âèâ÷åííÿ ³íîçåìíî¿ ìîâè ó ñó÷àñíîìó ñâ³ò³, à òîìó ùå ç á³ëüøèì åíòóç³àçìîì ïîãëèáëþâàòèìåòå ñâî¿ çíàííÿ ç àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè. Öüîãî ðîêó âè ïî÷åðïíåòå áàãàòî ö³êàâî¿ òà ï³çíàâàëüíî¿ ³íôîðìàö³¿ ïðî âèçíà÷í³ ì³ñöÿ Âåëèêî¿ Áðèòàí³¿ é Óêðà¿íè òà âèäàòíèõ ëþäåé öèõ êðà¿í. Ó êíèç³ íà âàñ òàêîæ ÷åêàþòü òåêñòè ïðî òåàòð, ê³íî ³ ë³òåðàòóðó. Çàâäÿêè ¿ì âè é ñàì³ çìîæåòå ðîçïîâ³äàòè ïðî óëþáëåí³ êíèãè, âèñòàâè òà ô³ëüìè. Ï³äðó÷íèê äîïîìîæå òàêîæ ïîãëèáèòè çíàííÿ ç ãðàìàòèêè àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè òà çíà÷íî ðîçøèðèòè ñëîâíèêîâèé çàïàñ. Òîæ áàæàºìî âàì óñï³õ³â ó íàâ÷àíí³ òà çàõîïëèâî¿ ïðàö³ ç íàøèì ï³äðó÷íèêîì, ñòîð³íêè ÿêîãî âè ãîðòàòèìåòå óïðîäîâæ ðîêó! Àâòîðêè

ÓÌÎÂÍ² ÏÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÍß Listen!

! Grammar

Interactive Exercises Home Assignment

 Exercises for Fun Ï³êòîãðàìàìè , ó ï³äðó÷íèêó ïîçíà÷åíî àóä³îñóïðîâ³ä òà ³íòåðàêòèâíèé åëåêòðîííèé äîäàòîê, ÿê³ ìîæíà â³äêðèòè çà ïîñèëàííÿì: https://edodatok.com/9214-2/

Revision Lesson 1

Family. Working Day

+ III

творення

орма ді с о а

Допоміжні дієслова ,

. Model:

— You have just had your supper. — Have I? I haven’t had my supper yet.

1. You have just come home from school. 2. Your brother has just cleaned his room. 3. Your aunt has just watched TV. 4. Your uncle has just gone to sleep. 5. Your grandparents have just done morning exercises. 6. You have just taken a shower.

’ year at school. On weekdays my working day began early in the morning. I don’t like to get up early, but I got used to it. I usually got up at about 7 o’clock. Then I did my morning exercises and went to the bathroom to wash my face and hands with soap and clean my teeth with toothpaste. At a quarter past seven I was ready to have my breakfast. As a rule, I had a quick light breakfast which consisted

Lesson

of a cup of coffee or tea, a boiled egg or an omelette and a cheese or sausage sandwich. After breakfast I put on my coat, took my bag and left for school. As my school is not far from my house, it took me 10 minutes to get there. I never took a bus or a trolleybus on my way to school. I usually had six or seven lessons a day. I loved all my subjects at school, because our study and how to develop our intellectual curiosity. The classes at school were over at about three o’clock. Sometimes I stayed at school after classes to play basketball or table tennis or to take part in any other after school activity. When I came home I had dinner. My parents always cooked delicious dishes for me. After my dinner I went out with my friends. On rainy days I stayed at home and listened to music, watched TV or played computer games. At about 8 o’clock in the evening I started at school. I did well in most school subjects, but I had to have private lessons in English and Mathematics as I wanted to enter the university. As a rule, I took a shower or a bath late in the evening and at about 11.30 p. m. I went to bed.

. My Friend My Aunt and Uncle

Dear friend, My uncle Den and aunt Polly are a lovely and imaginative couple. They love sports and travelling very much. They have just come from the trip round the world. USA, Canada, Australia and others. When they are in their village, their daily schedule is a little boring, I think. They usually get up at 8 a.m., take a shower, have breakfast and leave for work. My aunt is a nurse in the village hospital, and my uncle is a construction worker. They have lunch at their places of work. At about 5 or 6 p.m. they come back home. They have supper, watch TV or read a newspaper and at 10 p.m. they go to bed. But during their trip around the world everything was different. They got up very early, had their breakfast and went on excursions. They managed to see the Eiffel

My cousin Susan and her husband Tom didn’t travel with them, because they have a baby, my nephew. He is a lovely, funny and cute boy. He always looks and smiles at me. Will you tell me, please, about your aunt’s family? Write me soon. Yours, Ann 5 5

REVISION 4.

My Friend

Dear friend, In this letter I’d like to tell you about the people who brought me up. They are my grandmother and grandfather. My grandfather passed away 5 years ago. He get over the death of my grandfather. I suppose that only her strong will helped her and organized woman. I have a high opinion of her. In general, my relatives live in Chernihiv, Mykolayiv, Ternopil, Odesa and in some villages. They are all different but lovely people. We live friendly with them and when we have time we visit them. Do you love your grandparents? Write me about them, OK? Yours, Ann

6. 7.

1) the way you show respect and gratitude to people who brought you up; 2) ideal relations with relatives. .

a) the advantages and disadvantages of each type of family; b) the problems the children in each type of family might have; c) how each family compares to your own. (

Lesson

Lesson 2

Food and Nutrition. Clothes 1.

. Model:

He: You: No, thanks, but can I have some ham and mashed potatoes, please? He: Of course you can. Here you are.

bread, butter and ham / egg and cheese sandwich pork chops and salad / tomato and cheese pizza / pizza / roast beef biscuits / apple pie fruit salad / ice cream ice cream / cake tea / coffee juice / milk cocktail ( ).

( )

1. Victor feels well today. 2. Victor and his friends ate at a fast food restaurant yesterday. 3. The teacher believes that teenagers today have very healthy eating habits. 4. Victor’s parents often prepare home-cooked meals. 6. Ann thinks that students always try to cook healthy meals. 7. The most popular lunch foods mentioned by Ann are snacks like burgers and fries. 8. The teacher advises that it’s more important to live to eat than to eat to live.

зворотні займенники но ина we — ourselves

днина I — myself

She — herself It — itself

се е сам а

се е самі

REVISION 3.

. Model:

She can’t do this exercise herself. She needs help. (They) — They can’t do this exercise themselves. They need help.

1. I can get dressed myself. I am not a baby. (We) — 2. You may sing yourself. Your voice is strong. (You) — 3. He may go to the shop himself. It is not dark outside. (She) — 4. You can’t do that yourself. You don’t know the rules. (He) — 5. Your brother can clean the room himself. (We) — 6. Her niece can cook a cake herself. (I) —

. Model:

, .

I am wearing something that keeps me warm in winter. I have something on my feet that I wear when it rains.

Without realizing it, the clothes we choose to wear tell other people a lot about us. We often judge others by the clothes they are wearing. For example, people dressed in expensive clothes are thought to be wealthy. Our shoes, accessories and jewellery, all tend to create an impression of social class and personality. Similarly, our choice by. On the other hand, we do not always get the chance to choose

might be a way of saying, “This is what I think looks nice and I believe it makes me look more attractive.” In conclusion, being more than just a way to keep warm, clothes reveal a lot about a person’s life, character and status.

. .

Lesson

Lesson 3

Leisure Time and Sport 1.

) 1. the sports and pastimes you participate in, are interested in, or watch (); 2. the ones that other members of your family take an interest in (+); 3. the games and pastimes you dislike or disapprove of (x); 4. the ones you might take up or get interested in one day (?). Team sports: football

, rugby

, basketball

Individual competetive and non-competetive sports: boxing

, badminton

motor racing

, baseball

, golf

, hockey

, squash

, cycling

, jogging

Outdoor activities: gardening Indoor games: chess

2. 3.

, walking the dog

, hunting

, draughts

Hobbies: collecting things )

, doing crossword puzzles

, do-it-yourself

. .

What sports do your friends go in for? Who is good at basketball?

Where do they train? How often do they go to the gym? .

Hi! My name is Mark. I’m fourteen. I cannot say that I’m a couch potato, but I’m quite happy to stay at home most evenings. I usually watch TV, read interesting books or play computer games. My sister’s name is Mary. She is nine. She has very energetic interests and hobbies. She loves playing tennis, basketball, dancing and hiking. But she hates collecting labels or coins. My father is a football fan. He is a Dynamo supporter. He goes to all their matches when they play at home. My mother is fond of taking photographs. Her photos are really great. .

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REVISION 5.

. Student 1: Where ________________ ? St. 2: I am going to my school gym. St. 1: Why ______________________ ? St. 2: I’ll have my training there. St. 1: How often _________________ ? St. 2: I have my training every other day.

St. 1: Who ______________ ? St. 2: Petrenko is my coach. St. 1: Do _______________ ? St. 2: Of course I do.

. . 1. Sports and hobbies I play a little _____________________ I used to play _____________________ but now _____________________ I like to go _____________________ (+ verb with -ing) I collect _____________________ 2. Cultural interests and holidays (books) I like __________________ __________________ (music) I like __________________ (magazines) I like _____________ вживаємо коли говоримо про дії які часто повтор валися у минулому вживаємо для опису станів і звичок у минулому Model: always ). When I was young I ).

1. hobbies 4. personality 7. daily routine 2. sports 5. food 8. favourite books 3. clothes 6. likes/dislikes used to. Model: — What were your hobbies and what are they now? — 5 years ago I used to play football but I don’t play it any more. I’d rather play the guitar.

10 10

Lesson

Lesson 4

The British Isles and Ukraine 1.

. The British Isles lie off the north-west coast of continental Europe. They are made up

The UK is separated from Europe by the English Channel. The country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north and the North Sea in the east. Mountains are an important part of the geography of the country. The highest mountains are Ben Nevis in Scotland, Snowdon in Wales, Slieve Donard in Northern Ireland. The main rivers in England are the Severn and the Thames. Scotland’s longest river is the Clyde and Ireland’s — the Shannon. The Northern Ireland.

2. 3.

. .

Ukraine occupies an area of 603.700 square kilometers. In the south-west it borders Hungary, Romania and Moldova; in the west Poland and Slovakia. In the south Ukraine is washed by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. them are the Carpathian Mountains and the Crimean Mountains. The Carpathians are situated in Europe and stretch through Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Ukraine. The highest point of the Ukrainian Carpathians is Hoverla — 2,061 metres above the sea level. The Crimean Mountains stretch along the coast of the Black Sea. The highest point of the Crimean Mountains is Roman-Kosh.

11 11

REVISION and others.

The climate of the British Isles is neither too hot nor too cold. British winters are mild and summers are cool because the winds that blow from the Atlantic Ocean are mild in winter and cool in summer. Average British temperatures do not rise above 32° C in summer and do not fall below -10° C in winter. The rivers do not freeze in winter. March to June are the driest months, September to January — the wettest. The weather on the British Isles has a bad reputation. The British say that there is a climate in other countries, but we have just weather. If you don’t like the weather 12 12

Lesson

in England, just wait a few minutes. Britain is also known all over the world for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it’s impossible to see anything within a few meters. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Are the British winters mild or cold? Does the rivers freeze in winter? What are the driest British months? May to July are the wettest British months, aren’t they? What ate three main features of the British?

The орма ді с о а

творення

Допоміжне дієслово

1. You can hav 2. It wasn’t raining when I left for school. It (stop) by that time. 3. I am not hungry. I already (eat).

By the time she got to school, her lesson already (begin). 6. Our family had no car at that time. We (sell) our old car. 7. Do you want to see that programme? It just (start). 8. We are late. The party already (start). 9. I (learn) English for 4 years now. 11. They are angry because (wait) for too long.

. 1. In ... whereas in ... . 2. … in comparison to … . Model:

3. Although/While …, … . 4. Both … and … .

In summer it can be sunny and hot in the south of Ukraine whereas it is rainy and cool in the west of the country.

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REVISION

Lesson 5

Holidays and Traditions 1.

. 1. When I left my school, I ... (realise) that I ... (forget) my English textbook. 2. She was happy because she ... (take) the 1st place in the competition. 3. He ... (buy) the car by the time I got there. 4. I ... (not listen) to the joke because I ... (hear) it before. 5. When he ... (arrive) at the station, his train already ... (leave).

There are 8 national holidays which are celebrated in Ukraine every year. New Year’s Day (January 1). On this holiday people decorate New Year Tree with toys and colourful lights. The most common way of celebration is New Year parties. People have fun. When the clock strikes 12, they say to each other “Happy New Year!” Women’s Day (March 8). It is a good occasion for men to demonstrate their love and sympathy to the women around them. It is widely celebrated. It’s the day of mothers, grandmothers, sisters, sweet-hearts — of all the women. Easter. The holiday of celebrating Christ Resurrection. The Easter egg is the most popular emblem of this holiday. Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939–1945 (May 8). It is a national holiday and non-working day in Ukraine established in 2023. Constitution Day (June 28). This holiday commemorates the adoption of Ukrainian constitution in 1996. Independence Day (August 24) Ukraine’s independence was proclaimed by the Ukrainian Parliament on August 24, 1991. Defender’s Day (October 1). The holiday honors veterans and fallen members of the Ukrainian armed forces. It is also a holiday of the men and women, who served in the UkrainChristmas (December 25) it is a religious holiday.

. .

Remembrance Day is observed throughout Britain in commemoration of the million or more British soldiers, sailors and airmen who lost their lives during the two World Wars. On that day special services are held in the churches and wreaths are laid at war memorials ’ to observe the two-minute silence and to perform the annual Remembrance Day ceremony. everywhere, and people wear them in their button-holes. The money collected is used to help the men who had been crippled during the war and their dependants. 14 14

Lesson 4.

55 ,

. Defenders’ Day

Christmas

Independence Day

New Year’s Day

Constitution Day

Easter Day of Remembrance and Victory over Nazism in World War II 1939–1945 15 15

REVISION

Lesson 6 Mass Media 1.

We live in the era of information. It’s impossible to imagine our life without media. The term the mass media in English refers to the sources of information and news such as people.

The press still remains one of the most daily, weekly and monthly newspapers and magazines on different topics such as fashion, sport, children, politics, economy and others. Television provides a great opportunity for people to learn the latest news, watch Radio keeps us informed about current events, extends the education and provides the cultural recreation. The Internet is an international computer network connecting other networks and computers that allows people to share information around the world. Nowadays, no one can deny the importance of the Internet.

news, send mails to your friends.

1. 2. 3. 4.

What sources of information do you prefer? Which of them do you trust more? Do you read newspapers and magazines? What are your favourite TV programmes? Do you like to surf the net? .

What is your favourite way of getting news? Do you prefer reading newspapers or watching TV for news? Why? How often do you use social media? Student A: You are a reporter interviewing someone about their favourite TV programme. Student B: You are being interviewed. Talk about your favourite TV programme and why you like it. Model: Reporter: Interviewee:

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’ I like it because I learn a lot about animals and the environment.

Lesson 3.

. Model:

To stay informed about current events, you should read the newspapers.

1. When reading an editorial, you ______________________ 2. If you want to submit a letter to the editor, you __________ 3. To avoid spreading misinformation, you _______________ 4. To enjoy reading the newspaper, you _________________

I believe that magazines are not useful for me so I stopped reading them a long time ago. My history teacher (1) __________ (advise) me to start reading newspapers, which can help me (2) __________ (understand) the world better. He (3) __________ (suggest) __________ (offer) me his copy. I (5) __________ (love) reading the sports pages but I (6) __________ (enjoy) the political and economic news yet. Anyway, I (7) __________ (promise) to read everything. Now I (8) __________ (want) to buy some magazines, like “Newsweek” or “Time”, and see if I (9) __________ (enjoy) reading them as well.

. Model:

Is it easy to be famous? When did you really become a celebrity? …..

with Model: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

without.

The journalist / wrote / the story / accuracy. — The journalist wrote the story with accuracy.

The journalist / wrote / the story / accuracy The newspaper / published / a lot of photos She / read / the article / understanding its context The reporter / covered / the event / enthusiasm The editor / revised / the manuscript / any errors

. Model:

It is important for journalists to write the truth. (must) — Journalists must write the truth.

1. It is a good idea to read the newspaper every day. (should) 3. It is not allowed to publish fake news. (mustn’t) 4. It is not a good idea to ignore the news. (shouldn’t) 17 17

REVISION

Lesson 7 My School 1.

1. What town/village do you live in? 2. Is it large or small? 3. How many schools are there in your town/village? 4. What is the number of your school? 5. What street is it in? 6. How many storeys does your school have?

8. What days do you go to school? 9. What are your favourite days at school? Why? ( ). Model:

A: What is your favourite subject? B: It’s Maths. A: How many times a week do you have it? B: Three. A: On what days do you have your favourite subject? B: On Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. A: B: No, on Monday it’s the second lesson, on Wednesday it’s the third lesson ’

3. 1) do research on the Internet; 2) play indoor/outdoor sports; 3) exhibit artwork; 4) learn to use different software; 5) practise musical instruments; 6) do experiments; 7) watch documentaries about various countries; 8) study Ukrainian grammar; 9) learn poems by heart; 10) subtract, divide, add and multiply.

. A

18 18

1. Why do you like English? 2. Why do you like Sport? 3. Why do you like Maths? 4. Why do you like Music? 5. Why do you like the Ukrainian language? 6. Why do you like Computer Studies?

Lesson B

a) because I like counting and doing sums; b) because I like singing and playing musical instruments; c) because I like jumping and running; d) because I like telling stories and reading books; e) because I like to write computer programmes; f) because I like describing pictures, making up dialogues and playing games. .

I remember … from 9.00 to 12.00. The teachers … to us a lot. Then we … football for an hour. In the afternoon we … the lessons and … to the teacher carefully. Then at 3.30 the lessons … . It was a long and tiring day!

1. We were visiting smart shops at that moment. 2. Ann was answering the questions. 3. The teacher was explaining what to do. 4. We were making up dialogues. 5. The students were writing the words into their vocabularies. 6. I was jumping at that time.

My Friend

Dear Friend, Hi! My name is Sam. I live in Poland in a beautiful cottage in a small village. a small lake. Opposite my house there is a big shopping centre with a multi-storey car park. My mother works there. I go to school. I am a student of the ninth form. I love my English lessons very much. They are interesting and we have a lot of fun. We discuss different questions in English. We also do a lot of exercises, ask and answer questions, describe pictures, make up and role-play dialogues, play games, sing songs, learn poems and rhymes, read and create stories and jokes, prepare reports, learn to predict, compare and contrast, learn to explain quotations in our own words, make word charts, do project and research work. I do enjoy my English lessons. How about you? Do you love your English lessons? Are they as exciting as mine? I am looking forward to your answer. Yours, Sam

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Unit 1

AUTOBIOGRAPHY

Lesson 8

Autobiography

by before

after

= до = до перед тим як = після після того як by, before

after.

1. I had decorated the room they came.

the time

he came. 3. We moved to the village the war. 4. I’ll begin to work he comes. 5. You’ll watch TV they leave. 6. What will you do 7. I usually come to school ten minutes the classes begin.

autobiography an account depend on target audience narrative engage ugliness

[ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfɪ] [əˈkaʊnt] [dɪˈpend ɒn] [ˈtɑːɡɪt] [ˈɔːdɪəns] [ˈnærətɪv] [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] [ˈʌɡlɪnəs]

Lesson 3.

. 1. An is a self-authored story of a person’s life. 2. An autobiography is an of one’s life. 3. If you ever need any help, you know you can me. 4. They are ed in talks. 5. Our audience is students. They are curious and energetic.

. It is an An autobiography is a self-authored story of a person’s (1) account of one’s life written or recorded in some way by that person. The autobiography can be either professional or friendly, depending on your target (2) . There are two key autobiographical (3) • Narrative In this type of writing, events will be narrated as a “perfect” (4) . • Descriptive This type of writing can be engaged when you want your readers to build up a picture of something in their minds. It can be because of its beauty, its ugliness or simply because it is different. The best way to write an autobiography is to treat life as an interesting story starting from (5) . Take your readers or listeners through the different (6) of your life.

1. What is an autobiography? 2. What types of autobiography do you know? 3. What are the key autobiographical styles? What is the difference between them? 4. What is the best way to write an autobiography?

1. Who are you — what is your personality? 2. What does life mean to you? 3. What are the critical or important events that have impacted your life? 4. What is your outlook about your future?



Model: Sand … meat Sand — send — sent — seat — meat meet … mean; hat … red; nose ... doll; cake ... nine.

21 21

UNIT 1

Autobiography

Lesson 9 Childhood 1.

1. What did you look like? Were you tall? thin? pretty? handsome? cute? Did you have curly hair? straight hair? long hair? Did you have dimples? freckles? 2. Did you have many friends? How did you spend your leisure time? What games did you play? Who was your favourite teacher? Why? What was your favourite subject? Why? 4. What did you do in your spare time? Did you have a hobby? Did you play sports? 5. How old were you when you began to walk? How old were you when you began to talk? How old were you when you started school? 22 22

Lesson 3.

. Describing Similarities • is rather like • appears similar to • seems like • resembles • reminds me of • has a lot in common with • is pretty much the same as • is comparable to

Describing Differences • is nothing like • is totally different from • varies greatly from • has very little in common with • is quite unlike • bears little resemblance to • differs dramatically from

. include recollect

[ɪnˈkluːd] [ˌrekəˈlekt] [dɪˈfaɪn] [brɪŋ ʌp] [ɡrəʊ ʌp] [prɪˈfɜː(r)]

bring up grow up prefer

. 1. grow up 2. recollect 3. include 5. bring up 6. prefer

a) to make sb/sth part b) to look after a child until he or she becomes an adult c) to explain the exact nature of sth clearly d) to develop into an adult e) to like sth better f) to remember sth .

. Depend on, different stages of your life, bring up, grow up.

) ) Model:

. . I was quite bored with my life. Once I attended a football match with my Dad. It was fantastic! I realized I need to do something new. I have learnt to play tennis. Now I am happy. Firstly, I have many friends. Secondly, I have great trainings three times a week. Finally, I feel much healthier than ever before. 23 23

UNIT 1

Autobiography

Lesson 10

Cultural Background 1.

Present Simple

Past Simple

Future Simple

She goes to school, doesn’t she? She doesn’t go to school, does she?

He went to school, didn’t he? He didn’t go to school, did he?

They will go to school, won’t they? They won’t go to school, will they?

. 1. It’s not them again, ? 2. You don’t really expect me to agree to that, 3. Excuse me. This is the right way to the station, ? 4. They talk about world news, 5. We kept away from religion and politics, ? 6. She created a friendly atmosphere, ? 7. He helped people feel relaxed, ? 8. You turned to her for advice, ? 9. You will give me his new address, ? 10. He will phone a travel agency, ? 11. She will send a thank-you note, ? 12

? ? ?

. )

. Map 1

how you were brought up

24 24

the pluses and minuses of your place of birth

the situation you grew up in

Lesson )

10 .

Map 2 celebrations and rituals you practised

the customs of your family the holidays you preferred

the food you ate

the clothes you wore .

(

)

25 25

UNIT 1

Autobiography

Lesson 11

Autobiography 1.

. 1. likes/doesn’t like dancing 2. has/hasn’t watched a 3. would/wouldn’t like to live in a foreign country 4. is/isn’t a morning person 5. is/isn’t a night bird 6. has/hasn’t got a dog 7. can/can’t sing well 8. has/hasn’t been to the cinema/theatre in the last two weeks Model:

. Model:

I think my friend 1. likes dancing; 2. hasn’t watched a last two weeks; 3. ... .

I. A: You don’t like dancing, do you? B: Actually, I do. I really like the way our trainer conducts classes. II. A: You like dancing, don’t you? B: Yes, you are right. I like dancing very much.

Expressing Likes: I really like/love... I’m really very fond of/interested in... / / Expressing Dislikes: I (absolutely) hate/can’t stand... I’m not (very) interested in... I don’t fancy... / / Expressing Indifference: It doesn’t bother me either way. It doesn’t concern me. I don’t care. It’s OK/all right I suppose. I don’t have an opinion on it. Explaining what you like about something: What I like most is... I really like the way... Explaining what you don’t like about something: What bothers/annoys me the most is... 26 26

Lesson 3. 4.

. ,

. view background overview shape (v) undertake unique ancestor achievement inspire

[vjuː] [ˈbækɡraʊnd] [ˈəʊvəvjuː] [ʃeɪp] [ˌʌndəˈteɪk] [juˈniːk] [ˈænsestər] [əˈtʃiːvmənt] [ɪnˈspaɪə(r)] .

6. 7. 8.



. Ancestor, achievement, inspire, entertainment. . .

head out of the window. His father said, “Nick, keep quiet. Don’t put your head out of the window!” But Nick went on putting his head out of the window. Here his father took Nick’s cap quietly, hid it behind his back and said, “You see, your whistle once! Perhaps, your cap will come back”. Nick came up to the window and whistled. Nick’s father put quickly the cap on Nick’s head. Oh! It was wonderful. Nick was very pleased. He took quickly his father’s cap and threw it out of the window. “Now it is your turn to whistle, Dad!” said the boy. 27 27

UNIT 1

Autobiography

Lesson 12

Family Background You know already that information about your childhood and your culture should be included in your autobiography. ’

2. 3.

. . Present Continuous

Past Continuous

They are writing, aren’t they? They aren’t writing, are they?

You were writing, weren’t you? You were not writing, were you?

. 1. She is working away from home, 2. They are buying a box of chocolates,

4. You are reading a story to your children, 5. He was wearing an Italian suit, 6. They were starting the engine, 7. She was beginning to get bored, 8. You were showing photos of your home, .

? ?

• public transport (poor/good) • entertainment (leisure centres) • hospitals (new, old) .

• roads • schools • variety of jobs (many, few)

Describing Similarities Describing Differences • is rather like • is nothing like • appears similar to • is totally different from • seems like • varies greatly from • resembles • has very little in common with • reminds me of • is quite unlike • has a lot in common with • bears little resemblance to • is pretty much the same as • differs dramatically from • is comparable to Model: 1. Public transport in my place of birth is pretty much the same as it was 12 years ago. 2. Public transport in my place of birth was rather poor but it is good enough nowadays. 28 28

Lesson

Lesson 13

The Conclusion 1.

. conclusion take a resolution gain sense learn a lesson

[kənˈkluːʒn] [teɪk ə ˌrezəˈluːʃn] [ɡeɪn] [sens] [lɜːn ə ˈlesn]

. Model:

I have already taken a resolution... Once after one incident at school I and my classmates took a decision not to miss classes anymore. .

(

)

Comparing and Contrasting • / / / that ... • The most striking/obvious similarity is that...

4. 1) an experience you gained; 2) a lesson you learned; 3) a resolution you decided to take after that. Your conclusion should give the reader a sense of hope for his/her own future.

5. 6.



. He is intelligent and smart, He has a strict but loving heart. He cannot hurt the smallest creature! He puts us marks, he’s our ... .

29 29

UNIT 1

Autobiography

Lesson 14

Sample Autobiography 1.

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

She has lived in Paris, hasn’t she? She hasn’t lived in Paris, has she?

You had read it by Sunday, hadn’t you? You hadn’t read it by Sunday, had you?

. 1. He hasn’t paid the gas bill yet, 2. You haven’t booked the tickets yet, 3. They have found their dog,

? ?

? 5. She hadn’t collected her brother’s present by Sunday, 6 ’ ’ ? 7. You had spoken to Mr. Davidson by Monday, ? 8. He had worked for two different companies by that time, 9. They have already visited a doctor, ? 10. We have just had lunch, ?

. neighbourhood laugh at break up as far as cultural background award trust

[ˈneɪbəhʊd] [lɑːf ət] [breɪk ʌp] [əz fɑː(r) əz] [ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈbækɡraʊnd] [əˈwɔːd] [trʌst] .

1. A particular part of a town and the people who live there. 2. To show that you think somebody is ridiculous. 3. The type of family and social class you come from and the education and experience you have. 4. To believe that somebody is good, sincere, honest, etc. and will not try to harm or trick you.

30 30

bourneihoodgh ghaul at undgrockab usttr

Lesson 5.

My name is Ihor Ivanenko. I was born in June 2008 in Kyiv, Ukraine.

not good. This made me want to learn English and French. Now, I speak from different cultures. After some years, we moved to Sarasota, Florida, because my dad got a good job at a hotel. I knew our family always had to save money, so this job was very important. I started school when I was six. I went to kindergarten and then Booker Elementary School. My dad was strict. He said if a child does something wrong, he must be told and punished. I tried to behave well. At Booker Elementary, I won an award for perfect attendance. Then, I went to Booker Middle School and won more awards for attendance and was named Student of the Year twice. When I was in the sixth grade, I stayed in the hospital for two months. This changed my life. I understood life is very important and we should enjoy every moment. I started playing the guitar, taking photos, and joined the audiovisual club. I like art, even though I did not always like the art tasks from my teacher.

and family you can trust. Sometimes I have sad days, but I have friends to talk to. I had a girlfriend once; we went to the movies, the beach, and one time to Universal Studios. We were together for 29 days and then broke up. study at university, get married, and have children. I want to see more of the USA, but I don’t have money to travel now. My life has many surprises. I try to enjoy every moment. My best times are with family and friends. School lasts only eleven years, so do your best and then you are free.

31 31

UNIT 1

Autobiography

. 1) childhood 2) cultural background 3) family background 4) theme 5) conclusion

32 32

Lesson

Lesson 15

Autobiography 1.

. Model:

A: Why are you hungry? Because you are very busy, aren’t you? B: Right. I am very busy and I haven’t eaten all day.

1. why/be/hungry? not/eat/all day 2. why/be/upset? just fail/driving test 3. why look happy? just book a holiday 4. why look worried? just hear/some bad news 5. why/look/relaxed? listen/classical music

. 1. My earliest memories, as a child, were 2. My happiest moments, as a child, were 3. My favourite toy was 4. My most memorable babysitter was 6. When I grew up I wanted to be

’ 2. Some teenagers use the house like a hotel, with all services. They treat parents as moneybags and then ignore them or just insult them. easier and cheaper to stay in the family nest.

. Model:

(

A: Have your parents ever been hard on you? B: No, I try not to hurt or argue with my parents. I love and respect them. And you?

A: Oh, I am sometimes bored, sometimes naughty and rude. So, my father has to

B: Are any customs or traditions kept in your family? A: Yes, I love our family reunions, the day when all relatives from towns, villages and even foreign countries arrive and we have a great garden party. We grill ’ really fun! And how about your family? B: You see, my grandgrandfather was a sailor. He lost his life during the World ’ memorial on Remembrance Day. .

33 33

UNIT 1

Autobiography SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 1

. Vnt, tbgrph, rcllct, ncld, cstms, ncstr, chldhd.

2. С

1. An autobiography is an account of one’s life, isn’t they? 2. Her favourite subject was Mathematics, didn’t it? 3. He brought up in a poor family, doesn’t he? 4. They have ridden bikes, hasn’t they?

. a) a group of people who come to watch and listen to someone speaking or performing in public 1. bring up 2. recollect 3. audience 4. prefer 5. ancestor 6. inspire

is grown up c) to encourage someone by making them feel d) to like someone or something more than someone or something else e) a member of your family who lived a long time ago f) to be able to remember something

. 1. The boy learned a good lesson, a) did the boy b) didn’t the boy 2. He often takes resolutions, ? a) don’t he b) doesn’t he 3. You are writing your autobiography, a) isn’t you b) don’t you 4. She has recollected her childhood, a) doesn’t she b) hasn’t she

34 34

c) didn’t he

? ?

c) do he c) aren’t you c) didn’t she

Self-Assessment Module 1 Lesson 1.

. autobiography

cultural background

family background

2. С

2. He missed the lively atmosphere, 3. They have treated parents as moneybags, 4. Young people want to be independent, 5. My cousins are still playing those games,

? ?

? ? .

. 1. I started school when I was 6 years old. 2. We used to play basketball. 3. It’s sometimes useful to recollect your past.

()

I can give information on my childhood. I can give information on my cultural background. I can give information on my family background. I can write my autobiography. I can understand and use Tag Questions (Simple Tenses) in spoken and written forms. I can understand and use Tag Questions (Continuous Tenses) in spoken and written forms. I can understand and use Tag Questions (Perfect Tenses) in spoken and written forms. I can use prepositions of time by, before and after in spoken and written forms.

35 35

Unit 2

CINEMA AND THEATRE

Lesson 16

At the Theatre 1.

2 9

8 7

4 3 5

a) audience [ˈɔːdɪəns] b) balcony [ˈbælkənɪ] c) box [bɒks] [bɒks ˈɒfɪs] e) curtain [ˈkɜːtn] f) dress-circle [dres ˈsɜːkl] g) scenery [ˈsiːnərɪ] h) stage [steɪdʒ] i) theatre [ˈθɪətə(r)] j) pit [pɪt]

Lesson 2.

)

) )

)

Many people go to the theatre nowadays. I like going there because our theatre stages interesting modern and classical plays. The performances usually begin at 6 p.m. and end at 8 p.m. I always come to the theatre ten or twenty minutes before the performance begins. I enjoy walking round the foyer, watching the portraits of theatre actors and actresses. I also like just to examine the balcony, boxes, pit, dress-circle and stalls. The atmosphere is unusual in the theatre. I feel very comfortable and relaxed there. At 5.55 p.m. I take my seat in the stalls. During the performance everybody is quiet. Usually the cast and scenery are fantastic.

1. Many people go to the theatre today. 2. 3. She always comes to the theatre ten or twenty minutes before the performance begins. 4. She enjoys walking round the dress-circle. 5. The girl likes to examine boxes, pit, dress-circle and stalls. 6. She feels very upset in the theatre. 7. The cast and scenery are usually fantastic.

1. A: Can I still get tickets for tonight’s show? B: The front row of the dress-circle is free. A: Are there any boxes? B: No, I am afraid that’s all there is. 2. A: Are there any seats left for Saturday night? B: A – 12 and B – 17 are all that’s left. A: Haven’t you got anything cheaper? B: Only if somebody cancels.

37 37

UNIT 2

Cinema and Theatre

Lesson 17 Theatre

whatever, Model:

Whoever you like Whenever you like Wherever you like Whatever you like However you like whoever, whenever, wherever,

however.

A: Which programme can I take? B: You can take whichever you like.

1. A: Where can I sit? B: 2. A: Who can I bring with me? B: 3. A: When can I come? B: 4. A: What can I wear to the theatre? B:

. .

Alice: Fred: Alice: Jane: Fred: Jane: Fred: Jane:

38 38

Hello. Hello. May I speak to Jane, please? Just a minute... Jane, it’s for you. Hello. Hi, Jane. This is Fred. Would you like to go to the theatre tonight? I’d love to. I haven’t been to the theatre for a long time. ’ seven. Fine, I’ll be ready.

Lesson 4.

1. talking about permission a) the present b) the past 2. request a) informal b) formal c) polite 1. You can entertain friends. 2. May I have some fast food? 3. Could you take some photos for me? 4. I could always eat out. 5. Can you show me your new cardigan, please? 6. They could always socialize. 7. We can videotape the appearances. 8. She could decorate churches.

як і

вживається для вираження можливості

. I will

I may/might

I will not

1. learn to drive 2. travel abroad 3. fall in love 4. go into politics 5. have children 6. own a car 7. own your own home 8. get married 9. run your own business 10. win a lottery 11. play a sport for your country 12. be on TV

. Model: 1. We feel that the event “

2. The event “ (may/might)

” is quite likely to happen to us. (will)

” is possible, but we feel less sure of its likelihood. . (will not)

’ .

Model: I’d like to learn to drive...

39 39

UNIT 2

Cinema and Theatre

Lesson 18

Choosing a Performance 1.

. 1. billboard

a) seats in the part of a theatre nearest to the stage

3. the stalls 4. the gallery 5. cloak-room 6. cast

c) programme d) a placard, notice, giving information about a play e) the highest balcony where the cheapest seats are placed f) the main role

8. the leading role

h) a set of actors in a play .

2. Do you like to have seats far from the stage or near it? Which tickets are the cheapest ones? 3. What is the cloak-room for? 4. What do you do if you want to know the cast? 5. How do you know that the play begins?

. “The Sleeping Beauty” “Solaris” “Cinderella” “Romeo and Juliet”

40 40

[ˈmædəm ˈbʌtəflaɪ] [ðə sliːpɪŋ ˈbjuːtɪ] [səˈlɑːrɪs] [ˌsɪndəˈrelə] [ˈrəʊmɪəʊ ənd ˈdʒulɪət]

Lesson 4.

( ).

1. Where would you like to go? 2. What about going to ? 3. Do you know what is on today? ’ 5. Who is it by? 6. Is it worth seeing? 7. How long will it take us to get there? 8. How will we get there? ’

’

, виража ть моральний о ов’язок пораду рекомендаці

. You You You You

go there. visit her. go there. visit her.

. 1. Neighbours a) ought b) should 2. You really a) ought b) should 3. You are 18! You a) ought b) have 4. He a) ought b) have

to help each other. c) could be more careful. c) have to be able to look after yourself. c) should focus more on his family. c) should .

1. The play by 2. It was so dull to watch this play that I felt like walking out. 3. I could not help crying (laughing).

is exciting (boring).

5. The play deals with (e.g. the events of our time). 6. It was an evening/matinée performance. 7. The house was full/half empty. 8. The house burst into applause. 9. The performance was a great success with the public.

41 41

UNIT 2

Cinema and Theatre

Lesson 19

Visit to the Theatre 1.

A stage manager was present at a performance. When the performance was over he was him that I heard most during the performance.”

. A dancer, an actor/actress, a composer, a prompter, a spectator, a playwright. Model: A dancer dances.

4. 5. 6.

checks the tickets in the theatre; conducts the orchestra;

prompts the words of the play; writes the plays?

“All is well that ends well.” . 1. Are you a theatre-goer? 2. When were you in the theatre last time? 3. What was on? 4. What can you tell about the cast? 5. What actor (actress, singer, dancer) did you like most of all and why? 6. What did the play deal with? 7. When and where was the scene laid? 8. When was it over? 10. Do you prefer to go to the theatre or to watch a play on TV? Why?

42 42

Lesson

Lesson 20 Cinema 1.

travelogue mystery documentary animated cartoon

adventure

[ˈfiːtʃə(r) fɪlm] [ˈhɒrə(r) fɪlm] [ˈθrɪlə(r) fɪlm] [ˈpɒpjələ(r) ˈsaɪəns fɪlm] [ˈtrævəlɒɡ] [ˈmɪstrɪ] [ˌdɒkjuˈmentrɪ] [ˈænɪmeɪtɪd kɑːˈtuːn] [dʌbd fɪlm] [θriː-daɪˈmenʃənl fɪlm] [ədˈventʃə(r) fɪlm] .

. 1. leave/make a deep impression upon/on you 2. leave/make a lasting impression upon/on you 3. create a true-to-life image 4. deal with science 5. arouse a feeling of fear and anxiety Model: if what you see on the screen is happening to you.

. Model:

A: B: I absolutely hate them. They arouse a feeling of fear and anxiety.

Asking for Personal Views: What do you think of...? What’s your opinion of...?

How do you feel about...? How do you like...?

Expressing Likes: I really like/love... I’m really very fond of/interested in... / / Expressing Dislikes: I (absolutely) hate/can’t stand... ’

I’m not (very) interested in... / / 43 43

UNIT 2

Cinema and Theatre

Expressing Indifference: It doesn’t bother me either way. I don’t care. I don’t have an opinion on it.

It doesn’t concern me. It’s OK/all right I suppose.

Explaining what you like about something: What I like most is... I really like the way... Explaining what you don’t like about something: What bothers/annoys me the most is...

. . 1. Which character did you like best and why? 3. What scene do you remember the most?

should

ought.

’ buy another one. 2. She told her children that they always say “Please” and “Thank you”. 3. He looks tired. He not to work so hard. 4. My grandfather is nearly seventy years old. He is still working, but he to retire. 5. There are too many accidents. Everyone be more careful.

44 44

Lesson

Lesson 21

Favourite Film 1.

)

) ) )

. .

a) comedy b) cartoon

f) western g) soap opera

5 .

Model: I. A: Shall we go to the cinema tomorrow? B: I’m sorry. I can’t. I am going to visit my grandparents tomorrow. 45 45

UNIT 2 4.

Cinema and Theatre .

is a cinema near my house, and I usually go there with my friends. I like watching feature ’

trip in 1912. Many people died — 1,513 lives were lost.

famous all over the world. It won 11 Oscars in 1998, the most important awards in the USA for movies. It won prizes for best picture, director, photography, story, costumes, sound, and music.

. 1. Who is in the scene? 2. Where are they? 3. What is happening? 4. How do the characters feel? 5. Why is this scene important? Model: One scene I remember is when Masha is sitting alone in the corridor at school, listening to music. She watches her classmates talk and laugh. She feels like she doesn’t belong. This scene shows how lonely she feels, even when she is not alone. It is important because it shows how many students feel invisible sometimes. 46 46

Lesson

Lesson 22 Film Review 1.

“Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors” (1964) 2. “The Tribe” (2014)

3. “Atlantis” (2019) 4.

“20 Days in Mariupol” (2023)

deaf, ruled by violence and lawlessness. b. A dystopian drama about post-war Donbas. A documentary about the siege of the heroic city during c. the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which won an Oscar. d.

in a Carpathian village.

(

classmates? 3. What are some of the problems the teenagers face?

. b) What you liked Model:

’ d) Whether you would recommend it to a friend and why?

are preparing for exams, but also thinking about love, friendship, and their future. They talk about things we talk about too. For example, being worried about school, feeling alone sometimes, or liking someone but being afraid ’

other better and see that we are not alone with our thoughts.

. Useful phrases: The plot was more interesting... I preferred... because... The acting was better in...

. 47 47

UNIT 2

Cinema and Theatre

Lesson 23 Cartoons 1.

For more than 70 years, such animated cartoons as “Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” (1937), “Pinocchio” (1940), “Fantasia” (1940) and “Dumbo” (1941) are big hits all over the world. The above cartoons were animated by Volodymyr Tytla, one of the greatest animator. His characters come alive as individuals who can think, solve problems and express emotions. They have souls. V. Tytla had a unique ability to transfer human feelings into drawings. Volodymyr was born on October 25, 1904 in Yonkers, New York. His father Peter was born in Pidhajce, Ternopil region, Ukraine. schools in the USA and abroad. He had the talent to develop such art form as animated cartoon at the Disney Studio. In 1943 he left Disney and worked for other studios. Through the 1950s and 60s he directed televisions commercials.

( 1. and 2. His characters can 3. V. Tytla learned his craft in

were animated by V. Tytla. and in the 1920s.

48 48

Lesson 4.

( )

• what your favourite cartoon was about; • what feelings it evoked; • why it was your favourite cartoon; • what it taught you; • its main characters.

et’s go to the cinema. 2. What’s on at the cinema? 3. Two tickets for 7 p.m. show, please. ’

8. Who sta

1. Violence should not be shown on the screen. 3. Cinema and theatre are just entertainment. 4. Films and performances develop people’s cultural level and taste.

can/could

may/might.

1. I come in? — Please, do. 2. I remember the address. — you even remember the street? 3. He answer the teacher’s questions yesterday, but he not answer the same questions today. read Spanish but I speak it. 5. Jane ride a bicycle. She rides it to school every day. 6. Douglas hit the tree because he not stop his car. 7. He said that we 8. I borrow your umbrella? 9.

I smoke here? — No, you

not.

. .

• I think... • I like ... because... • In my opinion... • I prefer ... because... 49 49

UNIT 2

Cinema and Theatre SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 2

. e

e e

. 1. I a) can

to see that performance. b) should c) ought

2. When I was a child, I go to the cinema myself. a) can b) could c) may 3. During the performance you be quiet. a) can b) should c) ought 4. His characters solve problems. a) can b) might c) ought

. 2. box, award, pit, dress-circle 3. audience, actor, playwright, prompter

. 1. You a) may

b) can

’ c) should

2. We a) should

b) can

c) ought to

3. If you don’t have much money, you a) might b) can c) could a) might

b) can .

50 50

c) should

’ get tickets for the gallery.

Self-Assessment Module 2 Lesson 1.

. performance

animated cartoon

can/could, may/might,

should/ought to.

()

I can use basic vocabulary to talk about cinema and theatre.

/ I can ask for personal views, express likes/dislikes, indifference. I can give my own opinion about the role of cinema and theatre. I can understand and use modal verbs can/could. I can understand and use modal verbs may/might. I can understand and use modal verbs should/ought to.

51 51

Unit 3

LITERATURE

Lesson 24

Types of Writing 1.

1. When did you learn to read? 2. What are your favourite books? 3. Who is your favourite author? 4. What books of this author have you read? 5. Why do you like his/her works? 6. Who are your favourite poets?

impressive be worth doing something beauty be a big hit become a national hit review magazine article thriller cartoon strip

[ɪmˈpresɪv] [bɪ wɜːθ ˈduːɪŋ ˈsʌmθɪŋ] [ˈbjuːtɪ] [bɪ ə bɪɡ hɪt] [bɪˈkʌm ə ˈnæʃnəl hɪt] [rɪˈvjuː] [ˌmæɡəˈziːn] [ˈɑːtɪkl] [ˈsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn] [ˈθrɪlə(r)] [kɑːˈtuːn strɪp] .

Comedies Thrillers Cartoon strips Romances Chronicles Autobiography Articles

is/are (not) worth

reading.

Lesson 4.

. 1. comedy

a) a story told in pictures and dialogues

4. cartoon strip 5. romance 6. chronicle 7. biography 8. autobiography 9. article 10. textbook

d) educational book e) funny story f) exciting suspense story g) love story h) story about space or the future i) the author’s account of his own life j) account of someone’s life written by someone else

, .

, ,

Model: A: Why don’t you listen to the radio? B: There’s nothing worth listening there. A: ... watch TV? A: ... buy a magazine? B: ... B: ... A: ... read a newspaper? A: B: ... B: ...

Model: It’s an exciting cartoon strip. It gives me relaxation and enjoyment.

53 53

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 25

Favourite Book 1.

1. The people in a country or an area, thought of as a group, who have shared customs and laws. 2. Places of interest that are often visited by tourists. 3. Visiting the sights of a city, etc. as a tourist. 4. A person or thing that is very popular or successful. 5. The importance of something. 6. To make the sounds that show you are happy or amused. 7. Something that you do in order to rest. 8. Pleasure or a thing which gives pleasure.

tysocie htssig seeingghsit iht lueva laguh tionxalare oyenjentm

. romance novel good and evil spiritual life thanks to

[rəʊˈmæns] [ˈnɒvl] [nɒn ˈfɪkʃn bʊks] [ɡʊd ənd ˈiːvl] [ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl laɪf] [θæŋks tə]

1. impressive, exciting, amazing, mood, dull 2. review, channel, modern, magazine, newspaper 3. sympathy, enrich, mood, spirits, trouble 4. exciting, good, evil, beauty, goodness

54 54

Lesson Model:

1. What literary work is it? 2. Who is the author? 3. What do you know about the writer? 4. What is it about? 5. Who are the main characters? 6. Is it worth reading? Why/Why not?

amusing comedies. Sometimes I read true-to-life stories. They show the life of ordinary people, their feelings and problems. As a rule, these books leave a deep impression on me.

the president of the Atlanta Historical Society. All the family were interested in American history and she grew up in an atmosphere of stories about the Civil War. In 1925 she married John Marsh and in the following ten years she put on paper all the stories she

they survived being hungry, exhausted, helpless and disappointed; how they struggled for each day; how they loved and supported each other or betrayed. This book is really worth reading. It’s breathtaking, gigantic, incredible, unbelievable, fascinating! It won the Pulitzer Prize, sold over ten million copies, was translated into eighteen languages and published work.

. shows the life ...

2. This book tells about the real tragedy of the American people during the Civil War. was the second bestseller of M. Mitchell. ’ 5. The girl likes cartoon strips and thrillers. 6. “Titanic” was produced by Jane Cameron. 7. True-to-life books show the beauty and goodness, good and evil. 8. Amusing cartoon strips show the life of ordinary people, their feelings and problems. 9. Romances leave a deep impression on the girl.

55 55

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 26 Book Review 1.

Comedies Thrillers Cartoon strips Romances Chronicles Biography Autobiography Articles Adventure stories Model:

I love them. I like it. They are shocking. I am really interested in them. They are great. Absolutely exciting. Absolutely fantastic. I think they are amazing.

A: Do you like biography books? B: boring.

I can’t stand them. I don’t like it. Absolutely scary. I am not really interested in them. They are boring. Absolutely disgusting. I don’t think much of it.

’ .

56 56

Lesson

1. Which books do these pictures come from? 2. What kind of books are they? 3. Do you recognize any of the characters? Who are they? 4. What good or evil things do they do? 5. What is your favourite type of writing? Why?

) )

This fascinating book contains of most thorough examination of man’s greatest adventure yet — the 1969 Apollo trip to the moon. Chaikin spent years interviewing every surviving astronaut and many other important people who were in the twelve-year programme to put a man on the moon. This book is a combination of biography and adventure. The life of each astronaut is followed from childhood to the surface of the moon and beyond. The author has attempted to discover how the experience of visiting another world has changed them. As gripping as this book is, it lacks the analysis of what the Apollo mission was for. As a story of human achievement, though, it succeeds brilliantly. This beautifully illustrated book details the history of domesticated breeds of animals. When completely wild animals roamed the earth, people began the process of selecting animals that they needed. Some were for food while others (such as sheep and cattle) also provided clothes and shoes. As society developed and people began moving between continents such as Europe and Asia, new breeds and animals evolved. At the beginning of the 20th century there were 230 breeds of cattle in western Europe alone. But by 1988, only thirty breeds of cattle were left in large numbers, seventy were extinct and the rest greatly reduced. This book celebrates the survivors with photographs of them. Now all of us can enjoy these beautiful animals.

4. 5. 6.

. ,

. .

57 57

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 27

William Shakespeare 1.

. inspiration wisdom refresh instruction genius Stratford-on-Avon

[ˌɪnspɪreɪʃn] [ˈwɪzdəm] [rɪˈfreʃ ] [ɪnˈstrʌkʃn] [ˈdʒiːnɪəs] ['strætfəd ɒn eɪv(ə)n]

1. It gave you inspiration. 2. It enriched you spiritually. 3. It accumulates the wisdom of the race. 4. It refreshed your thoughts. 5. It made a man and nature a harmonious unity. 6. It is full of adventures. 7. It helped you relax. 8. It touches upon important social problems. 9. It is very instructive. 10. You learned about different countries and places. 11. You learned about interesting/famous people.

(1564–1616) William Shakespeare was born in the heart of England in Stratford-on-Avon in 1564. Shakespeare’s parents were plain country people. At twenty-eight Shakespeare was well-known found its most important expression as an original William Shakespeare is known as a writer of comedies and historical dramas. His comedies “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “Comedy of Errors” — are light and bright. The tragedies “Othello”, “Romeo and Juliet” and “Hamlet” are profound. His plays, translated into many languages, are performed on the stages of the best theatres in the world. Church. 58 58

Lesson 4.

Unthrifty loveliness, why dost thou spend Upon thyself thy beauty’s legacy? Nature’s bequest gives nothing, but doth lend; And, being frank, she lands to those are free. Then, beauteous niggard, why dost thou use So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live? Thou of thyself thy sweet self dost deceive. Then how, when nature calls thee to be gone, What acceptable audit canst thou leave? Thy unused beauty must be tomb’d with thee, Which, used, lives th’ executor to be.

красен нед алий силу чар и має не за власним по ажанням е спадщина природи вільний дар Для тимчасового користування спадщину не стискуй у рука ї ж о вік не можна з ерігати и оди у природи в оржника расу потрі но л дям дарувати Не удь жадн го як агатій о тільки скрин власну о іймає гро і позичає сам со і вре ті ре т нічого він не має раса для се е зникне ез остатку віддана дарується нащадкам Переклав Георгій Пилипенко

1. What sonnets or plays written by William Shakespeare have you read? 2. Have you read them in English or Ukrainian? 3. What are they about?

59 59

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 28 Jack London 1.

. (1876–1916)

an extremely poor family. Even during his school years he had to support himself by selling newspapers and doing other small jobs. Then he became a sailor and later a gold-miner. Some of the

short stories, novels and other works.

(From “Martin Eden”. Abridged) ...One day, because the days were so short, he decided to give up algebra and geometry. Trigonometry he had not even attempted. Then he cut chemistry from his study list, remaining only physics. “I am not a specialist,” he said in defence to Ruth. “Nor am I going to try to be master them. I must pursue general knowledge. When I need the work of specialists, I shall refer to their books.” “But that is not like having the knowledge yourself,” she protested. ’ they are for. When I came in, I noticed the chimney-sweeper at work. They’re specialists, and when they get done, you will enjoy clean chimneys without knowing anything about the construction of chimneys.” “That’s far fetched, I am afraid.” She looked at him curiously, and he felt a reproach in her gaze and manner. But he was convinced of the Tightness of his position... 60 60

Lesson 4.

. 1. Were your predictions correct? 2. What is the main idea of the extract? 3. Who are the main characters? 4. Do you agree with Martin Eden that it is useless to study all subjects at school?

Include:

Name, age, place of birth Strengths and weaknesses Dream or goal What makes them different Title of the story or movie they belong in

Model:

Name: Emma Star Age: 15 Place of birth: Warsaw, Poland Strengths: She is very smart, kind, and good at solving problems. Weaknesses: She is shy and sometimes afraid to speak in public. Dream or goal: Emma wants to become a famous inventor and help people with her machines. What makes her different: Emma can understand and talk to animals after a lightning strike hit her during a storm. Title of the movie:

! ні / не / жоден

. Model:

ніщо нічого

ні то нікого ,

in your room when you return from school today? No, I found nobody there.

1. Can any of your friends speak Italian? 2. Is there anything on now? 3. Has anybody invited you to his birthday party in the last two weeks? 4. Did you see any of your relatives yesterday? 5. Do you know anything about space? 6. Do you have many friends in France? 7. Has any of your friends won a lottery?

. 61 61

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 29

Taras Shevchenko 1.

1. This fascinating book has shown Apollo’s trip to the moon. 2. The author discovers how visiting another world has changed them. 3. The novel has enriched her spiritually. 4. This thriller has refreshed his thoughts. 5. They have read an instructive book.

(1814–1861) Taras Shevchenko was born to a serf family in the village of Moryntsi. He was a great poet and a superb artist. All children like to paint, but with young Taras it was a passion. The boy was taken into the manor’s house as a kozachok. When he was 14 years old, his master took him to was lucky. K. Briulov helped to buy out the young serf from his master. Shevchenko was admitted to the Academy of Arts. Notable paintings include “In Kyiv”, “Fire in the Steppes” and others. of poems “Kobzar”.

1. When and where was Taras Shevchenko born? 2. His family was poor, wasn’t it? 3. What was the boy’s passion? 4. Did the boy have to work hard in manor’s house? Why do you think so? 5. Where did his master take him when he was 14 years old? 6. In which town did he learn misery again? 7. Who bought Taras Shevchenko out?

62 62

Lesson

8. Shevchenko was admitted to the Academy of Arts, wasn’t he? 9. Can you name some of his paintings? ’ 11. When was it published?

. 1. A: Have you seen any paintings by Taras Shevchenko? B: 2. A: Have you read any works by Taras Shevchenko? B: 3. A: Why has everybody read T. Shevchenko’s poems? B: 4. A: Have you already discussed “Kobzar” by T. Shevchenko in your class? B:

! який не удь декілька

який не удь

is used in interrogative and negative sentences

some 1. The little boy has 2. Are there 3. There isn’t 4. There aren’t 5. Have you got 6. I’ve read 7. I’ve seen 8. Have you got 9. There are

any.

toys. cucumbers and tomatoes in the fridge? milk in the fridge. books on the table. relatives in Donetsk? novels by Dickens. sisters or brothers? windows in the class. .

63 63

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 30

Favourite Writer 1.

. T. Shevchenko In my beloved Ukraine, My tomb upon a grave mound high Amid the splendid plain.

The Dnieper’s plunging shore My eyes could see, my ears could hear The mighty river roar. Translated by John Weir

1. A: Where are you hurrying? B: Haven’t you heard? We are having a party today. A: I remember! Devoted to T. Shevchenko, right? B: Right you are. Join me. A: With pleasure. 2. A: By the way, what facts from Shevchenko’s biography do you know? B: A: Which of his works do you like best of all? B: “The Mighty Dnieper”. A: What is this poem about? B: It’s about Taras’ love to his native country, Ukraine. A: Is he your favourite poet? B: Yes. A: Then, you will enjoy the party.

, .

(poet, playwright) 64 64

(poet, thinker)

)

Olga Tokarczuk (Polish Nobelwinning writer)

)

J.K. Rowling (Harry Potter author)

Malala Yousafzai (activist, writer of “I Am Malala”)

Lesson

Model:

2. “Don’t let them get you down. Be cheeky. And wild. And wonderful.” 3. “You know what the best thing is about knowing the rules? You can break them sometimes.” b) Dialogue Anna: Astrid: Thank you, Anna. Pippi is brave and different. She is not afraid to be herself. Anna: Sometimes I feel strange too. I like painting and reading, not TikTok or fashion. Astrid: That is wonderful! Always be who you are. The world needs more girls like you. Anna: But at school, some people laugh at me. Astrid: Then they are not your real friends. Real friends accept your dreams. Anna: You’re right. I want to write stories one day. Astrid:

somebody тось

something щось

anybody то не удь

anything someone що не удь то не удь

anyone то не удь

. 1. A: has taken my book. Has seen it? B: No, took it. It’s over there. 2. A: ’ afterwards. B: Right you are. There was left. 3. A: If calls, just take their number and say I’ll call them back as soon as possible. B: OK. 4. A: I am looking for who speaks French. B: A: 5. A: Do you want else? B: No, thank you. 6. A: I didn’t bring my money with me. B: Don’t worry, I’ve got . 7. A: Aren’t there other jobs she could do better? B: Of course, there are. . 1) what book by an English, American, or Ukrainian writer you have read, 2) whom it was written by, 3) what it is about, 4) what your impression of the book is, 5) if you want to read another book by the same writer. .

. 65 65

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 31 Library 1.

1. Do you have a library in your town/village? 2. How many books are there in your school library? 3. Do you go to the district/town library? 4. How often do you go there to take out books? 5. Do you often use the reading room in the library? 6. What do you use it for? 7. What book are you reading these days? What is it about? Who is the author?

librarian

[laɪˈbreərɪən] [ˈfɪkʃn ənd nɒn fɪkʃn bʊks] [fəˈsɪlətɪz] [tə sɪˈlekt] [rɪˈsɜːtʃ ] [ˌsəbˈskrɪpʃn] [tə ɪnˈvɒlv] [ˈænjuəl ˈmembəʃɪp fiː] [tə ˈbɒrəʊ bʊks] [ˈlaɪbrərɪ rɪˈsɔːsɪz]

facilities to select research subscription to involve annual membership fee to borrow books library resources

) 1. say something in your defence 2. give up something 3. discover something new

once twice three times four times

5. borrow books from libraries 6. pay library membership fee 7. discuss in class/with your friend true-to-life books )

day(s) week(s) month(s) year(s)

. .

66 66

a two three four

(

)

Lesson 5.

in September 2020, an important role in the whole community. Secondary School Students and the Staff are automatically members. Parents of the whole School are invited to become members.

A librarian is always available to provide help and support.

2) supports all levels of the Secondary curriculum; 3) provides areas for whole class research, individual study; 4) has comfortable areas for reading; 5) has daily newspapers delivered (in English and French) along with 6) is involved with annual Book Week; 7) invites Parents to join for an annual membership fee of $35.

. Describing Similarities • is rather like • appears similar to • seems like • resembles • reminds me of • has a lot in common with • is pretty much the same as • is comparable to

. Describing Differences • is nothing like • is totally different from • varies greatly from • has very little in common with • is quite unlike • bears little resemblance to • differs dramatically from

67 67

UNIT 3

Literature

Lesson 32

Book Week. Role of Art in Our Life 1.

. My Friend A Book Week

Dear friend, I’d like to tell you about one eagerly anticipated and successful (1) ’ Book Week. Our annual Book Week is a school event dedicated to the enjoyment of books and (3) . Authors, performance poets and illustrators are invited to spend several days with our students, taking part in workshops, presentations and performances, including an evening performance in our (4) to which parents are also invited. The principal guest at Book Week 2025 was Tim Bowler. His books have become favourites of our Key Stage 3 students. Tim read the opening dramatic passages of his book “Frozen Fire” with such feeling and intensity that we were all spellbound. psychological (5) Tim maintains the tension till the shocking and violent climax. This book will appeal to both boys and girls though it is probably not suitable for students (6) than 13/14. (7)

, who proved to be as engaging as in a previous visit to school. The (8) evening show is generally considered to be the best ever. Write me soon. Yours, Sam

. . Describing Similarities • is rather like • appears similar to • seems like • resembles • reminds me of • has a lot in common with • is pretty much the same as • is comparable to 68 68

Lesson 3.

[nəʊ daʊt] [naɪˈiːv] [ˈspɪrɪts] [muːd] [məˈnɪpjuleɪt] [ˈtraɪʌmf] [ˈwɪkɪd wɜːld]

no doubt naive spirits mood manipulate triumph wicked world

. 1. true-to-life 2. people’s 3. attract 4. powerful 5. triumph 6. no 7. amusing 8. wicked )

a) sympathy b) circumstances c) world d) doubt e) character f) of beauty and goodness g) relations h) forces

) )

)

Cinema, theatre, painting, music and books belong to art. No doubt they are the most powerful forces for good and evil in modern life. Amusing circumstances, naive but good characters excite our sympathy and help us forget all the troubles of everyday life. Trueto-life characters help us to understand the nature of people’s relations. They enrich our spiritual life, show all the false and true values. Thanks to art we can manipulate our mood. When we are in a low spirits we can read an amusing comedy and it’ll give us a good laugh, relaxation and enjoyment. It makes us feel all right. So art helps us understand this world better, it gives us hope, it makes us believe in the triumph of beauty and goodness over the wicked world.

. . 1. What belongs to art? 2. What are the most powerful forces for good and evil? 3. Is it important to understand the nature of people’s relations? Why? 4. What helps us understand the nature of people’s relations? 6. What enriches your spiritual life? 7. Thanks to art we can manipulate our mood. How?

9. Does art give you relaxation and enjoyment? . 69 69

UNIT 3

Literature SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 3

. 1. The

of “Titanic” is James Cameron. 2. helps us understand this world better. 3. Books our thoughts. 4. W. Shakespeare in 1564. 5. Books our spiritual life.

( ). 1. Some books enrich us spiritually. 2. Something books enrich us spiritually. 3. Anybody books enrich us spiritually. 1. Something of them are full of adventures. 2. Some of them are full of adventures. 3. Nothing of them are full of adventures. 1. Anyone can travel to different countries. 2. No one can travel to different countries. 3. Someone can travel to different countries.

. a) the importance or usefulness of something 1. article 2. thriller 3. wisdom 4. novel 5. value

murder or crime c) good sense and judgment, based especially on your experience of life d) a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine e) a long written story in which the characters and events are usually imaginary

. 1. Did somebody take part in presentations? 2. This book appealed to anybody. 3. Has anything library a fully automated cataloguing system? 4. Is some invited to School Book Week?

. 70 70

Self-Assessment Module 3 Lesson 1.

. types of writing

writers

role of books

library

. 1.

books are a combination of biography and adventure. a) some b) something c) somebody 2. Can enjoy discovering new lands? a) somebody b) anybody c) no one 3. Do you have thrillers? a) any b) some c) none 4. No, we have . a) any b) some c) none 5. took part in that performance. a) Nobody

b) Anybody

c) None

. 1. Cinema, theatre, painting, music and books belong to art. 2. Books show all the false and true values. 3. Amusing comedies give us a good laugh and relaxation. 4. Art helps us understand this world better.

()

I can understand and talk about school library. I can create a plan of a Book Week for my school. I can write a book review. I can give a brief outline of a story/book. I can use phrases for describing similarities/differences.

71 71

Unit 4

TRAVELLING

Lesson 33

Ways of Providing Information 1.

. .

Lesson 2.

. Model:

information about the city.

. .

Prompts for discussion: What can tourists do with this? Who provides this service? How does it make traveling easier or more fun?

. display entertainment touch-screen venue staff attraction accommodation emergency

[dɪˈspleɪ] [ˌentəˈteɪnmənt] [ˈtʌtʃ skriːn] [ˈliːflət] [ˈvenjuː] [stɑːf] [əˈtrækʃn] [əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn] [ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ]

E 73 73

UNIT 4

Travelling

...

... .

Word list: a backpack, a suitcase, a sleeping bag, a map, sunglasses, a toothbrush, a visa, a boarding pass Model:

I have packed my sunglasses and my passport. I haven’t packed my charger yet.

arrives at airport 3 hours early keeps passport in a safe place earns basic local phrases Model:

(

loses boarding pass forgets to buy travel insurance packs sharp objects in hand luggage

A good traveller ought to arrive early and stay calm. You ought not to pack knives in your carry-on bag! Tourists ought to show respect to local cultures.

Whose luggage is it? Where were they going and why? What do the items say about the person? Model: The curious case of the suitcase One day at the airport, I saw a suitcase with no owner. I gave it to the airport staff, and An old compass

A small jar with black sand

A photo of a snowy building learned the suitcase belonged to Dr. Eleanor Hargrove, a history teacher from Oxford.

black sand is from a volcano. The knife could be for protection. The photo shows the place she wants to visit. Dr. Hargrove is not a normal traveler. She is smart, brave, and loves history. Her suitcase tells us a lot about her big adventure.

74 74

Lesson

Lesson 34

Types of Tourism 1.

. adventure tourism bird-watching cruise tourism ecological tourism educational tourism holiday tourism out-going tourism pilgrimage tourism special-interest tourism

. a) a type of tourism, which involves journeys for people who share the same hobby b) a type of tourism which involves tours for relaxation and entertainment c) a type of tourism which involves tours with a lot of physical training, exercising and keeping t d) a type of tourism which involves tours to religious landmarks e) a type of tourism that combines traveling and learning experiences

1. sports tourism 2. leisure tourism 3. special-interest tourism 4. pilgrimage tourism 5. educational tourism

[ədˈventʃə(r) ˈtʊərɪzəm] [bɜːd wɒtʃɪŋ] [kruːz ˈtʊərɪzəm] [ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈtʊərɪzəm] [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl ˈtʊərɪzəm] [ˈhɒlədeɪ ˈtʊərɪzəm] [aʊt ˈɡəʊɪŋ ˈtʊərɪzəm] [ˈpɪlɡrɪmɪdʒ ˈtʊərɪzəm] [ˈspeʃl ˈɪntrəst ˈtʊərɪzəm]

1. It is a type of tourism when a person goes on holiday. The purpose is recreation. The travellers want to go sunbathing, swimming and diving. They enjoy organized entertainment and sport, local sights, amusement or theme parks. 2. This tourism is a travel for business purposes. People often travel to visit a conference or a seminar, an international exhibition or a trade fair. 3. This tourism is a type of active holiday. Tourist companies offer hiking, cycling, boating, rafting and other kinds of tours. Very often such tours require preparation and special training. Within this tourism there is water tourism, mountain tourism, downhill skiing, horse riding and many other types.

75 75

UNIT 4

Travelling

A: I was wondering if we could continue talking about travel and tourism. B: A: Are there many types of tourism nowadays? B: Quite a lot! They depend on the purposes of travelling people. The more purposes the travellers have, the more types of tourism will be. The purposes are holidays, business, health, study, sports, etc. A: What is a special-interest tourism? B: riding, botany and survival. A: Survival? It must be fantastic! Is it an adventure holiday somewhere on the uninhabited island? B: Absolutely so! A: Oh! The more you are telling me about tourism, the more ignorant I am feeling.

. 76 76

Lesson

Lesson 35

Rural Tourism 1.

. orchard woodcarving pottery landscape crafts weaving

[ˈɔːtʃəd] [ˈwʊdkɑːvɪŋ] [ˈpɒtərɪ] [ˈlændskeɪp] [krɑːfts] [ˈwiːvɪŋ]

Orchards, pottery, crafts, waterfall, weaving, wildlife, woodcarving, landscape, farms, forests, etc.

3. 1. something for tourist to watch 2. something for tourist to do 3. something to learn local culture 4. something to learn natural environment

A: You know, rural tourism is almost the most popular type of tourism nowadays. B: ’ polluted air. A: I can only sympathize those people. I live in the village, so I know how relaxing it

. 1. Which elements of rural tourism are typical for your area? 2. Which adjectives will help you to describe your region and make it sound unique? 3. Which rural tourism activities would you like to participate?

(

)

7. • how long there has been rural tourism; • what sort of accommodation is available; • what types of activities visitors can do; • when the high and low seasons are; • if there are any professional associations of rural tourism.

77 77

UNIT 4

Travelling

Lesson 36

Getting Information. Means of Travelling 1.

1. Passport

a. lets you board the plane

2. Visa

b. proves your identity and nationality covers emergencies or accidents c. during your trip d. allows you to enter another country

3. Boarding pass 4. Travel insurance 5. ID card 6. Ticket

e. proves you’ve paid for your journey shows your identity in your country f. or in the EU

entertainment venues and events 2. transport information such as timetables and schedules 3. listings of accommodation providers Many TIC(s) have touch-screen facilities and interactive information displays, as well as trained staff.

1. accommodation 2. events 3. attractions 4. children’s activities 5. transport 6. guide tours 7. emergencies

Accommodation booking service, booking theatre tickets, car rental, excursions/ guides, changing currency, arranging a dental appointment

78 78

. .

Lesson 4.

Travel Agent: Hello. What can I do for you? You: I’d like to go on a holiday tour somewhere abroad. What do you suggest? Travel Agent: We have many fascinating offers. I think it’s better to come up to our agency. We’ll help you or you will be able to use our touch-screen facilities or interactive information.

6. .

• Where did you go? • How did you get there? (by bus/by car/train/plane/boat/on foot...) 1. How long did it take? 2. Was the journey comfortable? Model:

My friend went to Vinnytsia last month. She travelled by train because it was cheaper than by plane. The journey took four hours, but she said it was comfortable. 79 79

UNIT 4

Travelling

with

2. Use with for tools or instruments 1. Use by for means of transport or (physical, concrete things you use). communication (general, impersonal). with + object you hold or use directly

by + mode of transport (no article) I travelled / He went , not We contacted them .

. , not

by 1. We travelled to Paris 2. She opened the bottle 3. They contacted the hotel 5. I usually go to school 6. He took the photo 7. The thief broke the window 8. I prefer to travel

I cut the paper She opened the suitcase He wrote . They fought .

train. an opener. email. a screwdriver. bus. his phone. a stone. plane. by

travel / car open / suitcase / key write / pencil communicate / phone

with.

8. 1. 2. 3. 4.

with

5. break / glass / hammer 6. send message / email 7. go / plane 8. cut / paper / scissors

Model: I travelled by car. She opened the suitcase with a key. We wrote with a pencil.

. 1. He went to school with bike. 2. She travelled by her father’s car. 3. I painted the wall with a brush. 4. We contacted the travel agency by phone. 5. He cut the rope by a knife. 6. They came by taxi. 7. The artist drew with a pencil. 8. I cleaned the screen by a cloth. Model: He went to school with bike. — It’s wrong.

10.

80 80

by bike. ( )

Lesson

Lesson 37 Attractions 1.

. Natural

Built

1. mountains 2. rivers and lakes 3. national parks 4. coasts

1. historic site ( Shakespeare’s birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK) 2. archaeological site 3. monument ( Nelson’s Column, Trafalgar 4. museum 5. art gallery 6. theme park ( 7. palace 8. castle/cathedral

Events

Entertainment and Leisure

1. music/arts festival 2. religious festival 3. carnival 4. parade

Disneyland)

1. theatre 2. concert hall 3. zoo 4. shopping 5. sports centre/stadium

1. What is the most interesting attraction you have visited? Why was it interesting? 2. Have you ever taken part in a festival or major public event? 3. What do you think are the three best tourist attractions in your country? ,

. wildlife path creature craftsmanship exhibit handle rate outlook surround recreation

[ˈwaɪldlaɪf] [pɑːθ] [ˈkriːtʃə(r)] [ˈkrɑːftsmənʃɪp] [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt] [ˈhændl] [reɪt] [ˈaʊtlʊk] [səˈraʊnd] [ˌriːkrɪˈeɪʃn] 81 81

UNIT 4

Travelling

. Model:

5. • are walking along the garden path • are surrounded by wildlife • see a strange creature • cannot handle the exhibit they would like to • • learn that tickets rates are too high

I would like to visit I like more than The most interesting thing about

The park combines elements of formality with informality, gardening with conservatism, and recreation with wildlife. Walking around the park the visitor is able to enjoy colourful spring, rose beds in summer, three lined “grassy” paths, views over the waterways and possibly watch a game of football or tennis.

82 82

disappointed, scared, surprised, relaxed, embarrassed, sentimental, superb, fascinated

because... because... is...

Experience the magical world of Brighton’s Royal Pavilion, home for three British monarchs. creatures, astonishing colours and superb craftsmanship including many original furnishings and decorations. Open daily. June – September 10 a.m. – 6 p.m October – May 10 a.m – 5 p.m. Admission fee payable.

Lesson

of exhibits on Invention, Health and Environment. More than 250 interactive exhibits. 75 species on view, including giant exotic insects you can handle. • adults $ 25.50; • students $ 18.50.

This winter, treat yourself to some weekend skiing. Our attractive weekday rates, combined with open slopes and a relax atmosphere, are sure to refresh your outlook. All surrounded by the charming village of Windham, rich in acclaimed dining The service is available daily, mid-November to mid-March, from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m.

Tuesday–Sunday 9.30 a.m.–5.30 p.m.

(

)

• adults (per day) $ 65.00; • juniors (per day) $ 40.00.

1) where the attraction is; 2) what it provides; 3) opening and closing hours/days; 4) admission fee.

( )

83 83

UNIT 4

Travelling

Lesson 38 Fairs 1.

just, ever, yet

already.

1. I have just had lunch. 2. I have already cooked dinner. 3. She is already here. 4. Have you ever learned a poem?

just, ever, yet

already.

1. I’ve 2. Haven’t you done that ? 3. Have you 4. She has got her test results. 5. They haven’t visited that attraction . 6. I have taken part in a cookery competition.

. Model:

A: B: Yes, I have. A:

2. We have watched a game of golf. 3. They have seen superb craftsmanship. 4. He has visited an exhibition. 5. She has seen exhibits on environment. 6. I have experienced the difference between heat and cold. 7. They have read a lot of advertisements. 8. She has subscribed to a local newspaper. 9. He has involved us into the club. 10. I have handled giant exotic insects.

. 1. Tom spent his holidays in the village. 2. His relatives invited him to visit a cookery fair. 3. The air was fragrant with the smell of hamburgers and hot dogs. 4. There were things made of glass and woods on the fair. 5. There were no cookery competitions on the fair. 6. The winning recipe was a delicious chocolate cake. 7. Tom enjoyed the fair very much.

84 84

Lesson 5.

38 .

. 1. village fair 2. school fair 3. fun fair 4. antiques fair

a) handmade souveniers b) dancing, music c) races for parents and children d) rides on a big wheel e) pottery sales g) vegetables, fruit, meat, dairy, produce, sales

7. 8.

. • place • time • atmosphere • weather

• people • description of the fair • descriptions of celebrations

85 85

UNIT 4

Travelling

Lesson 39

A Place to Stay 1.

. wellness area single/double room reserve include swipe request book discount sign charge

[ˈwelnəs ˈeərɪə] [ˈsɪŋɡl/ˈdʌbl ruːm] [rɪˈzɜːv] [ɪnˈkluːd] [swaɪp] [rɪˈkwest bʊk] [ˈdɪskaʊnt] [saɪn] [tʃɑːdʒ] [aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] .

A: Hello, I’m Mr Smith. I’d like to book a single/double room for two nights. Have you got any vacancies? B: Yes. The room costs $ 50 per night. A: Is breakfast included? B: No. A: Do I have to pay a deposit? B: Yes, please. A: Is there a discount for children? B: ’

A: / B: A: B: A: And will you be using a garage? B: A: Will you be paying by credit card? B: A: Could I just have your card please, to swipe it? B: A: Could you sign here, on the registration card, please? B: A: And this is your key card.

86 86

Lesson 4.

1. Excuse me, where is the hairdresser’s? 2. Excuse me, do you have a gym? 3. Excuse me, are there toilets near the wellness area? 4. Excuse me, is there a business corner in the hotel? 5. Have you got a swimming pool?

lifts

gift shop

reception

swimming pool

wellness area and sauna

concierge toilets

breakfast room

gym

hairdresser’s

business corner

basement

lower basement

garage

1. eating and drinking 2. recreation and relaxation 3. business services 4. room service and facilities 5. local transport and other services Model: Fax and photocopying services are available at Reception. Prices on request. There is a modern socket in each room for internet connection. Any calls that are made will be charged to your account.

87 87

UNIT 4 6.

Travelling

1. Camper: Could we stay for a night at your campsite? There are four of us, and we have mountain tents with us. Receptionist: Are they family tents? C: No, no. They’re small tents. R: And is that four tents? C: No. Only two. R: Have you got a car? C: No, we’ve got bikes. R: Motorbikes? C: No, they are normal bikes. You know, pedal bikes. 2. A: Can we park our car here? B: Yes, of course. A: What a beautiful river over there! Can we swim there? B: ’ ’ ’ ’ here. 3. A: Where can we get something to eat? B: There is a restaurant on the camping site. You can also buy some food and drinks at the local shop. 4. B: How long do you want to stay? A: About a week, I think. Depends on the weather. B: Oh, we’ve had sunshine all week. I’ve read a weather forecast for tomorrow. It will be a bright clear day with sunshine. A: Just the right weather for camping!

1. Where do you usually stay when you travel? 2. Do you like staying in hotels? Why/Why not? 3. How do you think people who travel a lot feel about hotels? 4. Have you ever made a reservation of a hotel? 5. Have you ever stayed at a campsite?

. 88 88

Lesson

Lesson 40

A Place to Visit 1.

. 1. Is it an island or on the mainland? 2. Where is it located? 3. Why do tourists visit Odesa and where do they come from? .

Location: Odesa Size: 162, 42 square kilometers Population: approximately 1 mln people Tourism. Visitors come from many countries. They usually stay for short visits, or for sightseeing and shopping. Very often they are stopovers en route to other countries. Fact file

Transport from the airport. Number 5 bus to the centre. Types of tour. Odesa can provide coach and guided tours, cruises, walking tours, museum visits and many others.

5. 6. 7.

• • visited this town before; • hungry or thirsty;

• the weather in the city/village you came from; • the brief history of your city/village; • people and places in your country; • what’s going to happen in the next hour or so. ( .

. .

How you travel (by train, plane, on foot, etc.) What’s in your luggage One exciting activity (e.g. hiking, visiting a museum) Who you go with (can include famous female explorers or invent a diverse group) “You Ought to See This!”. 89 89

UNIT 4

Travelling

Lesson 41

On Tour. Preparing a Daily Programme

too +

adjective adverb

adjective + enough adverb .

Model:

enough + noun

I think that (name of town) is too far from the sea and it’s not sunny enough. There are too many restaurants and there aren’t enough theatres.

. (environment) e.g. near the sea (weather) e.g. dry (people) e.g. friendly (places to visit) e.g. art galleries 1

(places to do sport) e.g. football grounds (places to go in the evening) e.g. theatre (other) e.g. good transport too

enough.

1. Have you ever been on a coach tour or guided tour that you have either really enjoyed or really disliked? Where was it? What did you see? 2. What made the tour successful/unsuccessful? 3. What problems do you think can occur on a guided tour, either on coach or another form of transport?

)

90 90

e.g. = for example

Lesson )

, .

1) to pack one’s luggage; 2) to walk up and down the platform; 3) to see off; 4) to have heavy luggage; 5) to catch the train/to miss the train.

8. . bungee jumping aqua aerobics scuba diving white-water rafting spa centre

. .

shopping disco swimming talent competition pedal boat

trip to a museum or art gallery trip to a theme park candlelit dinner making things and playing games and spa services

’

91 91

UNIT 4

Travelling SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 4

. 1. Many people from megapolises try to e

from noise.

2. Is there a d for children? 3. Will you be paying by c card? 4. Could we stay for a night at your c ? 5. What would you like to o

. 1. He has yet visited a theme park. 2. We haven’t taken part in a festival already. 3. She has smelled roses never. 4. I think that there are too enough hotels in our town.

. a) the process of shaping wood with special tools b) the activity of making pots, dishes etc. out of clay 1. recreation 2. pottery 3. accomodation 4. craftsmanship 5. book 6. woodcarving 7. provide

c) an activity that you do for pleasure or amusement d) to give something to someone or make it available to them, because they need it or want it e) a place for someone to stay, live, or work f) the special skill that someone uses to make something beautiful with their hands g) to make arrangements to stay in a place, eat in a restaurant, go to a theatre etc. at a particular time in the future .

1. I have just ordered the meal. (What

2. She has already returned from the guided tour. (Who 3. They haven’t solved their problems yet. (Have 4. You can get information at TIC. (Where

92 92

?) ?) ?) .

Self-Assessment Module 4 Lesson 1.

. types of tourism

attractions

getting information

a place to stay

eating out

already, yet, just; too

enough.

. 1. Tourists enjoy organized entertainment. 2. TIC(s) and websites provide information on tours. 3. While travelling you can visit many interesting attractions.

()

I can talk about attractions in my native town/village/country. I can describe fairs. I can speak and understand people talking about places to stay. I can use basic vocabulary to discuss the ways of providing information for tourists. I know the types of tourism and tours. I can create on Daily Programme for my trip. I can understand and use too and enough in spoken and written forms. I can use already, yet and just in spoken and written forms.

93 93

Unit 5

SIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN

Lesson 42

Trafalgar Square 1.

admire attraction carol singer

[ədˈmaɪə(r)] [əˈtrækʃn] [ˈkærəl ˈsɪŋə(r)]

. exciting, admire, splashed, attractions, twinkle, carol singers 1. There are many 2. I my father.

in the world.

3. The stars in the sky. 4. In Ukraine at Christmas sing carols. 5. A little boy in a lovely fountain. 6. What a(n) sight!

. admire attraction sight unforgettable twinkling

Lesson 4.

. My Parents

Dear Dad and Mum, I miss you a lot, though I am having a great time. Yesterday, we went on an ’ ’ ever visited. The most exciting sight I have seen is Trafalgar Square. It is one of Britain’s great tourist attractions. The square was named after the Spanish Cape Trafalgar where Admiral Nelson’s last battle was won. A visit to the capital would be incomplete without going to Nelson’s Column with the four giant lions at its base. This monument is in the centre of Trafalgar Square. It was placed in 1843. You can also admire the lovely fountains and feed the pigeons, who made their home there. I also learned that each year in December, the people of Norway send a present of an enormous Christmas Tree to Britain, which is erected in Trafalgar Square. This is in thanks for Britain’s part in their liberation during the tree after dark. It is lit by hundreds of twinkling lights. Carol singers group around the Christmas Tree and sing carols. Olia

1. A visit to the capital would be incomplete without admiring the ... and feeding ... . 2. The square was built to ... . 3. The square was named after ... . 4. The giant Christmas Tree is especially nice after dark, when ... . 5. Floodlights illuminate ... . 6. Each year in December ... .

. A: Officer: Yes, sir, any bus’ll take you. There’s a bus stop just over there. Ask the conductor to put you down at Trafalgar Square. A: Thank you. Does this bus go to Trafalgar Square? Conductor: Yes, sir. Come along, hurry up. A: And will you tell me when we get there? Conductor: Trafalgar Square. This is where you get off, sir. A: Thank you. 95 95

UNIT 5

Sights of Great Britain

2. This is Nelson’s Column with 4 giant lions at its base. 3. People are admiring the lovely splashing fountains. 4. Children are feeding the pigeons. 5. An enormous Christmas Tree was erected in Trafalgar Square. 6. Floodlights illuminate the sparkling water in the fountains. .

1. What is one of Britain’s great tourist attractions? 2. What makes Trafalgar Square so beautiful and attractive? 3. What can you see at the base of Nelson’s Column? 4. Do the people of Norway send a present of pigeons or of an enormous Christmas Tree to Britain? 6. Would you like to walk on Trafalgar Square? Why?/Why not? ’ the lovely splashing fountains, or to see the giant Christmas Tree after dark? Why?

96 96

Lesson

Lesson 43

Edinburgh. Stratford-on-Avon 1.

. situate hill border valley ancient royal playwright

[ˈsɪtʃueɪt] [hɪl] [ˈbɔːdə(r)] [ˈvælɪ] [ˈeɪnʃənt] [ˈrɔɪəl] [ˈpleɪraɪt]

situ

wright

bor

val

ate

yal

cient

der

play

ley

. One day I decided to travel to...

Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is one of the Britain’s most attractive cities. It is situated on seven hills on the river Forth. The highest hill called “King Arthur’s Seat” is a dead volcano. The principle street, Princess Street, is a modern street with beautiful houses, elegant shops and restaurants. The other side of the street borders on a deep valley. Opposite the valley there is a high grey massive rock with the ancient Edinburgh Castle on it. It was a home of Scotland’s royal family until the year 1603 when King James VI of Scotland became the King of England. Stratford-on-Avon is a small town in the centre of England. The England’s greatest poet and playwright William Shakespeare was born here. The house where W. Shakespeare was born and spent his early years is in Henley Street. One part of the house is a museum and another one is used as a library which has a unique collection of books, manuscripts, pictures and objects illustrating the life and works of the poet. Half a mile from the house there is a church where W. Shakespeare was buried.

97 97

UNIT 5 5.

Sights of Great Britain .

1. The Edinburgh Castle is situated on the highest hill called “King Arthur’s Seat”. 2. The principle street in Edinburgh is called Princess Street. 3. Stratford-on-Avon is situated on seven hills. 4. The Edinburgh Castle was the home of Scotland’s royal family. 6. W. Shakespeare spent his childhood in the house in Henley Street. 7. The museum, which is in the house where W. Shakespeare was born, has a unique collection of books and manuscripts.

. Model: - 1603 The Edinburgh Castle was a home of Scotland’s royal family until the year 1603. - the river Forth - a high grey massive rock - King James VI - “King Arthur’s Seat” - Stratford-on-Avon - the house where W. Shakespeare was born - a church

Edinburgh

98 98

Stratford-on-Avon

Lesson

Lesson 44 Big Ben

is used to say that people or things are equal in some way. e.g. Is it as tasty as you expected? can be used after not instead of as ... as. He’s not so/as successful as his father.

(not) as + adjective + as. Model:

A: B: (Paris) Well, it isn’t as beautiful as Paris!

1. A: That is the nicest cardigan I’ve seen. B: (yours) 2. A: The location and size of my school is the most advantageous. B: (hers) 3. A: Jane is the most conceited and reserved girl I know. B: (Peter) 4. A: Our school uniform is really expensive. B: (theirs) 5. A: Riding is a really attractive and dynamic sport. B: (boxing) 6. A: Pizza and fries are really unhealthy foods. B: (hot dogs and burgers)

2. 3.

. ,

. landmark spectacular parliament

(not) as + adjective + as.

[ˈlændmɑːk] [spekˈtækjələ(r)] [ˈpɑːləmənt]

’ It looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are illuminated. You always know when Parliament is in session, because the light shines above the clock face. Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper that has rarely stopped. The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen ton bell hung within. The bell was named after Sir Benjamin Hall. This bell was originally from the old Palace of Westminster. It was given to the Dean of St. Paul’s by William III. 99 99

UNIT 5

Sights of Great Britain

. ’ 2. When does Big Ben look most spectacular? Why? 3. How can you know when Parliament is in session? 4. Why is Big Ben an excellent timekeeper? 5. The name Big Ben refers to the clock tower itself, doesn’t it? 6. After whom was the bell named? 7. Who gave this bell to the Dean of St. Paul’s?



already occupied. The conductor noticed a man who seemed to be asleep. “He’ll miss his stop”, he thought, and coming up to the man he said, “Wake up”. The man opened his eyes and looked at the conductor in surprise. “I wasn’t asleep”, he said. “Not asleep? But you had your eyes closed”. “I know. I just hate to see ladies standing up in a crowded bus”, answered the man.

100 100

Lesson

Lesson 45

The Houses of Parliament

100 one hundred 121 one hundred and twenty-one 200 two hundred 248 two hundred and forty-eight

1000 one thousand

. 1. We drove about 100 miles. 2. He wants £999 for the car. 3. “What’s the population of your village?” “Oh 1000, I suppose.” 4. (on a cheque) Pay £844 only.

. site royal residence Chapel

[saɪt] [ˈrɔɪəl ˈrezɪdəns] [ˈtʃæpl] .

The Houses of Parliament, otherwise known as the Palace of Westminster, stands eleventh century. The palace has more than 1000 rooms. In 1547 A.D., the royal residence the Commons met in St. Stephen’s Chapel. Ever since these early times, the Palace of Westminster has been home to the English Parliament. When Parliament is sitting, the

. 1. The Palace of Westminster stands on the site... 2. Edward’s original palace was

at ... , while the Commons... 5. The Palace of Westminster is home to...

101 101

UNIT 5

Sights of Great Britain

1. What is another name for the Houses of Parliament? 2. The royal residence was moved to Whitehall Palace, wasn’t it? 3. From what times has the Palace of Westminster been home to the English Parliament? 4. When was the Westminster Palace built? 5. How is the name of the Houses of Parliament connected with the name of Edward the Confessor?

Dear Mum and Dad,

There are a lot of interesting sights here. They are fantastic! The food is delicious. The people are friendly. See you in two weeks.

Ivan and Nadia Petrenko 19 Ivan Franko St. Ternopil Ukraine

102 102

Lesson

Lesson 46

The British Museum 1.

. dedicate establish permanent nevertheless originate from preserve human artifacts

e m

[ˈdedɪkeɪt] [ɪˈstæblɪʃ ] [ˈpɜːmənənt] [ˌnevəðəˈles] [əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt frəm] [prɪˈzɜːv] [ˈhjuːmən] [ˈɑːtɪfækts]

e e

. h e e

preserve, establish, dedicate, collection, illustrate, manuscript, ancient, modern.

The British Museum is dedicated to human history, art and culture, and is located in works, originates from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginning to the present. The British Museum was established in 1753. Today the museum no longer houses collections of natural history, books and manuscripts. The Museum nevertheless preserves its collections of artifacts, representing the cultures of the world, ancient and modern. 103 103

UNIT 5

Sights of Great Britain

. manuscripts

art

collection

culture

1. The British Museum is dedicated to

ancient

and

2. Its numbers 8 million works. 3. Today the museum no longer houses the books and . 4. The museum represents the and modern cultures of the world.

1. The British Museum is dedicated to human history. (To what ?) (Where ?) 3. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works. (How many ?) 4. The British Museum was established in 1753. (When ?) 5. Its collection illustrates and documents the story of human culture. (What its collection ?)

as … as

not as … as

1.The weather this summer is

last year. (bad) 2. It’s I thought it would be, actually. (not/heavy) 3. These new shoes are my old ones. (not/comfortable) 4. Ben Nevis is Mont Blanc (not/high). Berlin. (interesting)

“as … as” .

. Model:

A museum is as big as an art gallery. A castle is not so old as a monastery.

museum / art gallery castle / monastery church / cathedral exhibition / fair square / yard parliament / government

104 104

“so … as”.

Lesson

Lesson 47 Tower Bridge 1.

. cross view bridge overhead tower exhibition walkway

[krɒs] [vjuː] [brɪdʒ] [ˌəʊvəˈhed] [ˈtaʊə(r)] [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn] [ˈwɔːkweɪ]

2. 1. dirgeb

2. erowt

3. bihitiexon

. 4. wklaayw

3. cross, exhibition, walkway, symbol, inside, landmark, museum, panoramic view, booklet.

1. The bridge consists of three bridge towers. 2. You can see the panoramic views from the overhead vehicle. 3. You can buy a picture packed information booklet in the gift shop. 4. The bridge crosses the River Thames.

(

). 105 105

UNIT 5

Sights of Great Britain

ought to for duty or correctness when criticising / ought to for probability 1.

should We use ought to to say what is the right thing to do. You She

say sorry. do her homework before playing games.

(expecting something is true) We also use ought to when we think something is likely to happen or be true. ’ She studied hard, so she

arrive soon. pass the test. ought to (

. 1. He missed the meeting. He

(tell) us earlier. — correctness (be) home now. —

2. They left an hour ago, so they 3. You

)

(not speak) to your teacher like that. — (rain) soon. —

5. I

(help) my little brother with homework. — ()

ought to

1. You ought to clean your room before guests arrive. She studied all night — she ought to do well on the exam. 2. We ought to be more polite. The train ought to be here by now. 3. He left 30 minutes ago — he ought to be at the station. You ought to apologise for being rude.

A: B: Yes, I did. There were some. A: There’s a belief that the British Empire will come to an end when those ravens leave the Tower. B: Well, but as far as I know the British Empire doesn’t exist any more, though the ravens are still there. A: That’s right. Their wings are clipped.

106 106

Lesson

Lesson 48

Millenium Dome. Madam Tussauds 1.

. millennium major dome peninsula

[mɪˈlenɪəm] [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] [dəʊm] [pəˈnɪnsjələ] .

The Millennium Dome is the original name of a large dome-shaped building, a major exhibition for celebrating the beginning of the third millennium. It is located on the The exhibition was open to the public from January 1 to December 31, 2000. The dome is one of the largest of its type in the world.

. Model:

How

. ?) —

1. The Millennium Dome is a major exhibition for celebrating the beginning of the 3rd millennium. (+ tag?) ?) 3. The Millenium Dome is one of the largest in the world. (What ?) 4. The exhibition was open to the public from January 1 to December 31, 2000. (When ?)

4. 5.

. .

107 107

UNIT 5 6.

Sights of Great Britain

. Tussauds royal wax star branch display

[təˈsɔːds] [ˈrɔɪəl] [wæks] [stɑː(r)] [brɑːntʃ ] [dɪˈspleɪ]

7. w

Madam Tussauds cities. It was founded by wax sculptor Marie Tussaud. Madam Tussaud is a major tourist

. 1. Madam Tussauds is a

museum.

2. Madam Tussauds is a major 3. It was founded by Marie Tussaud. 4. Madam Tussauds displays waxworks of people. 5. There are many branches of Madam Tussauds in a number of .

10.

108 108

Lesson

Lesson 49

The London Eye 1.

. giant capsule rotate Ferris wheel borough revolution erect provide

[ˈdʒaɪənt] [ˈkæpsjuːl] [rəʊˈteɪt] [ˈferɪs wiːl] [ˈbʌrə] [ˌrevəˈluːʃn] [ɪˈrekt] [prəˈvaɪd] .

1. Have you ever turned round on Ferris wheel? 2. Have you ever found yourself in a 10-tonne capsule? Would you like to? Why/ Why not? 3. Do you have the Ferris wheel in your native town? 4. At what speed does the Ferris wheel rotate in your town? 5. How many minutes does one revolution of the wheel in your town take? 6. When was the wheel in your town erected? 7. How many people does your Ferris wheel hold up? 8. Do you like to turn round on Ferris wheel? Why/Why not?

The structure is 443 feet (135 m) tall and the wheel has a diameter of 394 feet (120 m). When erected in 1999 it was the world’s tallest Ferris wheel. to 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. The wheel rotates at 26 cm per second (about 0,9 kph) so that one revolution takes about 30 minutes. It does not usually stop to take on passengers.

. 135, 120, 1999, 10, 25, 26, 30

109 109

UNIT 5

Sights of Great Britain

description 1. a large dome-shaped building 2. it’s the home to the English parliament 3. it rotates at 26 cm per second 4. a structure with four giant lions at its base 5. it has the thirteen ton bell within 6. it displays waxworks of famous people 7. it was named after the Spanish Cape

. 1. Madam Tussauds Museum

110 110

sight

. 3. The British Museum 4. Millenium Dome

Lesson

Lesson 50 Snowdonia 1.

. reach railway include climbing peak range summit

[riːtʃ ] [ˈreɪlweɪ] [ɪnˈkluːd] [ˈklaɪmɪŋ] [piːk] [reɪndʒ] [ˈsʌmɪt]

Snowdonia is the most famous of the three National Parks in Wales. The highest mountain range in Wales is in this area. The highest peak, Mount Snowdon, is 1 085 m above sea level. It is the highest mountain in England and Wales. You may reach the summit on foot or by Snowdon Mountain Railway, which is 7 km long. Many people come to Snowdonia each year for special holidays. These include a large

3. 4.

rlw, pk, clmbng, rng, fms .

1. Snowdonia is a famous mountain range in Wales. 2. Mount Snowdon is higher than Hoverla. 3. You may reach the summit only by Snowdon Mountain Railway. 4. People come to Snowdonia to skate and sledge. some, any 1. I need money. I want to buy 2. Can you speak foreign languages? 3. Unfortunately, I cannot take photos. 4. Do you have tickets to Snowdonia? 5. Is there in the classroom? .

. .

Comparing and Contrasting • / / / that ... • The most striking/obvious similarity is that... 111 111

UNIT 5

Sights of Great Britain SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 5

. 1. Nelson’s Column is in the centre of

2. William Shakespeare was born in 3. Edinburgh is the capital of . 4. The Houses of Parliament has more than 5. Madam Tussauds is a

. rooms.

. ’

. 10, 25, 150, 270, 987

. a) the group of people who are elected to make a country’s laws and discuss important national affairs b) a structure built over a river, road etc. that allows people or vehicles to cross from one side to the other

1. spectacular 2. valley 3. bridge 4. tower 5. artifact 6. parliament 7. ancient 8. giant

c) an area of lower land between two lines of hills or mountains d) extremely big e) a tall narrow building either built on its own or forming part of a castle, church etc. f) belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago g) an object such as a tool, weapon etc. that was made in the past and is historically important h) very impressive

adjective

as.

1. Trafalgar Square is the most beautiful place in the world. (St. Sophia’s Cathedral ...) 2. The giant Christmas Tree is the most amazing thing I’ve ever seen. (The sparkling (The

112 112

...)

Self-Assessment Module 5 Lesson 3.

. 97, 29, 305, 615, 790

4. 1.

. Trafalgar Square

Edinburgh Stratford-on-Avon Snowdonia

Big Ben The Houses of Parliament

(not) as

Madam Tussauds

adjective

as.

. 198, 345, 779, 821, 963

()

I can talk about Trafalgar Square, Edinburgh, Stratford-on-Avon, Snowdonia. I can talk about Big Ben, The Houses of Parliament. I can talk about

I can explain the meaning of words in English. I can understand and use as/so…as in spoken and written forms. I know numerals from 100 to 1000.

113 113

Unit 6

SIGHTS OF UKRAINE

Lesson 51 Pyrohiv 1.

, unique windmill artisan architecture huge cuisine exhibit furniture

[juˈniːk] [ˈwɪndmɪl] [ˌɑːtɪˈzæn] [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)] [hjuːdʒ] [kwɪˈziːn] [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt] [ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)]

Lesson 3.

e hb

h e

q e

m h

Pyrohiv is a unique open-air museum of traditional Ukrainian architecture. It exhibits about 300 buildings (houses, churches, windmills, etc.) from different Ukrainian regions. There is also a huge collection of folk costumes, furniture, musical instruments, etc. There are a lot of musicians and artisans dressed in traditional costumes who play old instruments and sell handmade souvenirs. There are two or three restaurants inside the museum where you can try original Ukrainian cuisine.

. 1. There is a huge collection of 2. Pyrohiv is a unique 3. There are a lot of 4. In the restaurants you can try

. and

. .

115 115

UNIT 6

Sights of Ukraine

Lesson 52

Lviv High Castle 1.

. locate defensive destroy castle existence brick point soil noble

[ləʊˈkeɪt] [dɪˈfensɪv] [dɪˈstrɔɪ] [ˈkɑːsl] [ɪɡˈzɪstəns] [brɪk] [pɔɪnt] [sɔɪl] [ˈnəʊbl] .

Once my family went hiking. We had been walking the whole day. We were very tired and decided to look for a place to stay, when we looked around…

116 116

Lesson 4.

The castle was the main defensive fort of the city.

brick castle appeared on the hill in 1362. It became the residence of Polish nobles. In the 19th century, the destroyed castle was taken apart and new items were built in ’ the park was constructed. The castle currently stands in ruins.

. 1340

1362

1270

) )

1353

1259 .

. .

117 117

UNIT 6

Sights of Ukraine

Lesson 53

Uzhhorod Castle 1.

. surround ware border equip Carpathian Hungary canon

[səˈraʊnd] [weə(r)] [ˈbɔːdə(r)] [ɪˈkwɪp] [kɑːˈpeɪθɪən] [ˈhʌŋɡərɪ] [ˈkænən]

arygnuh, derbor, arthcpaani, rosurund, rnwets, pique

Uzhhorod Castle was built on the top of a 30-meter hill. It is surrounded by bastions that stick out and are equipped with canons. It’s two-storey building with square towers in the corners and walls three meters thick. The castle houses are a historical museum which possesses the richest collection of ancient bronze ware. Under the castle hill there is a museum of folk architecture and lifestyle. Here you Hutsuls.

Question 1.

. Answer

? ?

6. 7.

? 118 118

Yes, I have been there this summer. It’s a two-storey building with square towers in the corners. A historical museum... It is fascinating. It possesses the richest collection of ancient bronze ware. No, unfortunately, we didn’t have enough time to see a museum of folk architecture. Yes, our guide told us about the wooden architecture of Carpathian ethnic groups. Sure. Would you like to join us?

Lesson 6.

. 1. I want to say (something, anything). 2. I don’t want (something, anything). 3. There isn’t (anything, nothing) in the box. 4. Is there (something, anything) in the box? 5. There is (nothing, anything) in the box. 6. Do you want (some, any) water?

119 119

UNIT 6

Sights of Ukraine

Lesson 54

Mukachevo Palanok Castle 1.

. valley moat make up century contain beneath exhibition

[ˈvælɪ] [məʊt] [meɪk ʌp] [ˈsentʃərɪ] [kənˈteɪn] [bɪˈniːθ] [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn]

. I think

each

valley century exhibition moat

is/was worth

digging. seeing. studying. visiting.

Mukachevo Palanok Castle was built on River. The oldest part of the castle “the upper castle” was constructed in the 15th century, while the “middle” and “lower” castles were built in the middle of the 17th century. Bastions gates with bridges over the moats. Nowadays the castle functions as a historical museum. Its galleries contain an exhibition of modern sculpture.

. . . 1. In the 19th century, the destroyed Mukachevo Palanok Castle was taken apart and new items were built in its place. 2. Mukachevo Palanok Castle is exhibiting about 300 buildings (houses, churches, etc.) from different regions of Ukraine. 3. The oldest part of the Mukachevo Palanok Castle “the upper castle” was constructed in the 15th century. 4. Mukachevo Palanok 5. The galleries of Mukachevo Palanok Castle contain the exhibition of modern music. .

120 120

Lesson

Lesson 55 Waterfalls 1.

. waterfall melt create diverse feed remain include elevation through

[ˈwɔːtəfɔːl] [melt] [kriˈeɪt] [daɪˈvɜːs] [fiːd] [rɪˈmeɪn] [ɪnˈkluːd] [ˌelɪˈveɪʃn] [θruː]

Inviting: ’ / Why don’t we/you... We could... Would you like to... Model:

Accepting/Refusing: I’d love to... but... I don’t really feel up to it. I’d love to. That would be great. I’m not sure I can. A: How about feeding the animals? B: It’s a good idea.

1. see/waterfalls 2. create/a picture 3. move to/elevation 4. look through that magazine 5. eat an ice cream/before it melts 6. spend the weekend at the waterfalls

Ukraine has diverse geographic features, including waterfalls. A vast number of rivers run through the mountain ranges. The snow melts from the mountains, feeding the rivers, and sudden drops in elevation create many opportunities for waterfalls to form. Most of the waterfalls in the Carpathian Mountains are short and cascade downward quickly. The highest waterfall is the Maniava waterfall, which is 14 metres tall. The Maniava waterfall also boasts a small lake, where the water remains cool, even in the hot seasons. Fir and beech forests line the waterfall creating a very beautiful environment.

121 121

UNIT 6 4.

Sights of Ukraine .

1. How are the waterfalls formed? 2. Which is the highest waterfall in the Carpathian Mountains? 3. What lines the Maniava waterfall? 5. What can you say about the lake at the Maniava waterfall?

. Pyrohiv

Uzhhorod Castle

Mukachevo Palanok Castle

122 122

Lesson

Lesson 56

St. Sophia’s Cathedral 1.

. to glorify a holy place worship to be buried inside

( ).

[ˈɡlɔːrɪfaɪ] [ˈhəʊli pleɪs] [ˈwɜːʃɪp] [ˈberid ˌɪnˈsaɪd]

1. St. Sophia’s Cathedral was built in ... . a) 1030 A.D. b) 1039 A.D. 2. St. Sophia’s Cathedral was built by ... . a) Prince Volodymyr b) Prince Yaroslav the Wise c) Prince Sviatoslav 3. Today, St. Sophia’s is ... . a) a church b) an exhibition c) a museum 4. St. Sophia’s Cathedral was built to ... . a) glorify Christianity b) commemorate the victory over Pechenegs c) worship

(

)

c) 1037 A.D.

. 1. The Cathedral is a part of St. Sophia’s Monastery. 2. It was built in 1037 A.D. 3. St. Sophia’s Cathedral was built by Prince Yaroslav the Wise. 4. It was built to commemorate the victory over the Pechenegs. 5. St. Sophia’s Cathedral was built to glorify Christianity. 6. The church became a holy place of worship. 7. Today, St. Sophia’s Cathedral is a museum.

Model:

. . A: ’ B: It’s going to be cloudy and wet. A: Would you admire fountains in such weather? B: I think, no.

. 123 123

UNIT 6

Sights of Ukraine

Lesson 57

Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra 1.

. spiritual centre monk revival

[ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl ˈsentə(r)] [ˈmʌmɪfəd rɪˈmeɪnz] [mʌŋk] [rɪˈvaɪvl]

the Monastery functioned only as a museum. A revival of spirituality has begun with monks

. 2. The Monastery functioned only as a museum. 3. For many centuries it was truly the spiritual centre of Ukraine.

. was ... . a) the spiritual centre of Ukraine b) an ancient monastery c) a museum a) spirituality c) returning monks a) underground caves b) ancient monasteries c) monks

124 124

Lesson

Lesson 58

The Golden Gates 1.

main gateway, was the entrance to the fortress when Kyiv was attacked in 1238 A.D. The town only through a breach of the wooden walls.

. Why What Who How

was were

. Model:

to break into the town? before the gate? to the fortress? erected?

a strong main gateway powerless the invaders able .

A: B: It’s amazing.

Questions: How do you like ...?

Adjectives: Amazing!

What do you think of ...? What about ...? What sights do you like most?

Awesome! Outstanding! Fantastic! Spectacular! Remarkable!

sparkling, attractive, enormous, unforgettable, lovely, giant, elegant, unique, spectacular, famous

Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra

The Golden Gates

125 125

UNIT 6

Sights of Ukraine

St. Sophia’s Cathedral

The Dnipro

Trafalgar Square

Big Ben

The Houses of Parliament

The Thames

The London Eye 126 126

Maniava Waterfall

Lesson

Snowdonia 4.

Lviv High Castle .

1. Every foot of it has a tale of former days. 2. It was built to commemorate the victory over the Pechenegs. 3. Every year an enormous Christmas Tree is erected in it. 4. It is one of the most unforgettable sights when it is lit by hundreds of twinkling fairy lights. 5. If you enjoy peace and natural beauty then it will suit you. 6. You may go shopping in the luxurious malls along it. 7. It was erected in 1164 A.D. to protect Kyiv from invaders. 8. It was a truly spiritual centre of Ukraine. 9. It was a strong main gateway and the entrance to the fortress. 10. It became a holy place of worship for people. ’ 12. It is home to the English Parliament.

5. ) ) )

. splash, worship, parliament, twinkle, spiritual centre, luxurious, admire, cathedral, a holy place, monk, erect, ancient, cave, royal residence, natural , castle, waterfall, capsule, Ferris Wheel, waxworks, rotate, National Park, mount, folk, souveniers, museum, noble, gates, bridge, exhibition

127 127

UNIT 6

Sights of Ukraine

Lesson 59

The Dnipro. The Thames 1.

The river has something for everyone. If you enjoy peace and natural beauty, then the gentle and often remote stretches of the Dnipro will suit you. In Kyiv, the river springs to life. Here you can take a cruise, hire a motor boat, just sit in the sun, or play volleyball.

If you enjoy peace If you are energetic If you enjoy travelling

the part of the river which springs to life you may take a cruise the gentle Dnipro sitting at a riverside watching the people who play volleyball

then

will suit you.

It was the Thames that gave birth to the capital. The Thames twists and turns its way through beautiful countryside and historic settlements with an enormous variety of places

can spend many happy days exploring the city’s past, both on foot or by boat, shopping in and restaurants.

. 1. Which river gave birth to the capital? 2. Where does the Thames run? 3. What tells of former days of the Thames? 4. What is situated along the river? 6. Why do you t

128 128

Lesson 7.

Both photos show... In comparison to photo A, photo B is... The photos show different... In this photo ... while in the other photo...

. for his friend. b) waits

a) is waiting 2. He often a) is waiting

for him after classes. b) waits

3. She a) is reading

an interesting book now. b) reads

4. She usually a) is reading

books and newspapers in the evening. b) reads

5. The moon a) goes

round the earth. b) is going

6. I

a) think

he will be back soon. b) am thinking

7. She is sorry, she a) doesn’t speak

French. b) isn’t speaking (

Model:

The Thames appeals to me more. There are a number of reasons for this. First of all, my favourite subject at school is History, so I’d like to take a cruise along the Thames and visit palaces, cathedrals and churches. Secondly, I like English. While shopping in the luxurious malls, sampling

129 129

UNIT 6

Sights of Ukraine SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 6

1. U... C... is surrounded by bastions equipped with canons. 2. Most of the w... in the Carpathian Mountains are cascade. 3. In a small lake near the Maniava waterfall the water remains cool even in h... s... . 4. 12th century architecture. 5. P... is a unique open-air museum of Ukrainian architecture. 6. M... ... Castle includes “the upper castle”, “the middle castle”, and “the lover castle”.

. 1. There isn’t a) anyone 2. There’s a) anyone 3. Is there a) somebody

here who can help you. b) someone c) no one b) no one

here.

c) nobody

here who’s a doctor? b) someone

c) anyone .

. a) a process in which something becomes active or strong again

1. castle 2. exhibit 3. admire 4. windmill 5. worship 6. revival 7. waterfall

b) a building or structure with parts that turn around in the wind, used for producing electrical power or crushing grain c) a place where water from a river or stream falls down over a cliff or rock d) to show something in a public place so that people can go to see it e) to respect and like someone because they have done something that you think is good, or to respect their qualities or skills f) a very large strong building, built in the past as a safe place that could be easily defended against attack g) the activity of praying or singing in a religious building in order to show respect and love for a god

130 130

Self-Assessment Module 6 Lesson 2.

some/any

1. I know

who can help you. 2. He sat at the table, but he didn’t have 3. Is there 4. Does want a second helping?

to eat.

. cathedrals

castles

museums

waterfalls, lakes, rivers

some/any

1. There’s

in the clothes basket. It’s empty. 2. Is there in the clothes basket? — No, it’s empty. 3. I’ve tried phoning, but every time I phone there’s in. 4. I’ve prepared for dinner which you’ll like very much.

()

I can name and talk about the sights in Ukraine. I can talk about Pyrohiv. I can talk about

’

I can talk about the

I can compare and contrast different sights. I can invite, accept or refuse the invitation. I can compare and contrast.

131 131

Unit 7

SCHOOL SUBJECTS

Lesson 60 Geography 1.

School Subjects Physics Ukrainian language Ukrainian literature English

Biology History of Ukraine World History Chemistry

Algebra

Art /

Computer Studies

2. .

. .

. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

What are you going to do after school? What job would you like to have? Where will you study or work? What will your typical working day look like? What skills do you need for that job?

Lesson ’

Model:

60 ’

deals with people, cultures, migration.

( )

meteorological instruments

maps

geography software 6.

. affect surface ocean current earth interdependent insight arrange resource

[əˈfekt] [ˈsɜːfɪs] [ˈəʊʃn] [ˈkʌrənt] [ɜːθ] [ˌɪntədɪˈpendənt] [ˈɪnsaɪt] [əˈreɪndʒ] [rɪˈsɔːs] .

133 133

UNIT 7

School Subjects

• to understand the basic physical systems that affect everyday life (e.g. earth-sun relationships, water cycles, wind and ocean currents, etc.); • to understand the geography of past times and how geography has played role in the evolution of people, places and environments; • to appreciate Earth as the homeland of humankind and provide insight into how the planet’s resources should be used; • to understand global interdependence; • to get the most out of travel experiences. Human culture is fundamentally place-based. T cuisine, clothing, architecture, even social relationships.

. Model:

10.

Oksana doesn’t understand how a person can function more effectively, if he/she knows the location of places, physical and cultural characteristics of those places. Can anybody explain that to her? .

11.

 Model: .

Situation 1 Teacher: We’ll have a new student in our school. Students ’ 2. What school is he/she coming from? 3. ’ / Possible situations: 1. 2. There will be no classes tomorrow. 3. Your ideas.

134 134

Lesson

Lesson 61 History 1.

newspapers documents

historic photos

visual resources digital resources, videos 2. 3.

. ,

. treat warrior relate inherit shape invention civil discovery

[triːt] [ˈwɒrɪə(r)] [rɪˈleɪt] [ɪnˈherɪt] [ˈɪnfluəns] [ʃeɪp] [ɪnˈvenʃn] [ˈsɪvl] [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] 135 135

UNIT 7

School Subjects

. 1. Many

fought in battles. 2. She quite a lot of money from her parents. 3. The Prime Minister announced that the country was at . 4. is a group of people who share customs and laws. 5. It’s a real for me to buy some cakes. 6. The computer is a very useful . 7. He worked as a lawyer a history teacher.

)

• History is a great treat into the past. It lets us live in an era where we weren’t present day. It takes us back into the times of kings, princesses, horses, warriors, geniuses, wars, inventions and discoveries. • History helps us understand who we are, where our ancestors came from, what kind of society and culture they lived in, what we have inherited from them. • We can learn the types of cultures and traditions people followed, as well as their way of living. All cultures that we know today have their roots in the cultures of the past. • Studying history one can explore how people, communities, nations and the world that we live in have changed over time. • World history helps prepare young people for international experience, and active participation in civic life.

. 1. History lets us live in an era

2. All cultures that we know today . 3. Studying History we can understand how have changed over time. 4. World History helps international experience, and .

. ).

(

136 136

Lesson

Lesson 62 Mathematics 1.

calculator magnetic fractions 2.

visual aids

. competitive solve wonder have an edge over research white-collar job complement take up

3. 1. fascinate 2. solve 3. white-collar job 5. have an edge over 6. complement 7. wonder 8. competitive 9. take up 10. research

[kəmˈpetətɪv] [sɒlv] [ˈwʌndə(r)] [həv ən edʒ ˈəʊvə(r)] [rɪˈsɜːtʃ ] [waɪtˈkɒlə(r) dʒɒb] [ˈkɒmplɪment] [teɪk ʌp] [fiːld] .

a) involving people or organizations competing against each other b) a detailed and careful study of sth c) to attract or interest sb very much d) a thing that goes together well with sth else f) to start doing sth regularly h) something that causes you to feel surprise or admiration i) a small advantage over sb/sth j) an area of study or knowledge 137 137

UNIT 7

School Subjects

. 1. He is an expert in the 2. The travel industry is a highly 3. I have 4. We are carrying out medical

of economics. business. basketball recently.

• Maths is the language of the universe. Most of the wonders of the world are mathematical wonders. • Maths forms the basis of research in everything that is moving in the world. • Being good at even calculative maths can make you more desirable for the whitecollar job. • later — computer, physics or even biology — you have to have a solid foundation of maths. • Mathematics is training in general problem solving, logical thinking. • Maths teaches you to think. Key words: calculative Maths, mathematical wonders, logical thinking, take up, general problem solving.

. 1. “Study Mathematics if you want to be wanted.” 2. “Maths makes you rich.” 3. “Most of the wonders of the world are mathematical wonders.” . 1. She a) go 2. The students a) write

a) break 4. I often a) see 5. The doctor a) speak 6. The tourists a) take .

138 138

to the cinema yesterday. b) went c) has gone a composition last week. b) wrote c) have written the window. b) broke c) has broken the children. They play snowballs. b) saw c) have seen Spanish at the last meeting. b) spoke c) has spoken a bus this morning. b) took c) have taken

Lesson

Lesson 63 Chemistry

Chemistry is the study of matter and energy and the interaction between them. Chemistry is everywhere in the world around you. It’s in the food you eat, clothes you wear, water you drink, medicines, air, cleaners...

( )

apron hand lens

balance pipet

goggles

burner 2. 3.

gloves

paper filter

. ,

. matter boom interaction command glow medicine occur cleaner household chemicals advance

[ˈmætə(r)] [buːm] [ˌɪntərˈækʃn] [kəˈmɑːnd] [ɡləʊ] [ˈmedsn] [əˈkɜː(r)] [ˈkliːnə(r)] [ˈhaʊshəʊld ˈkemɪkls] [ədˈvɑːns] 139 139

UNIT 7

School Subjects

Y • Chemistry helps you understand the world. For example, why leaves change colour in autumn, why plants are green, how cheese is made, and what is in soap and how it cleans. • Knowing some chemistry helps you read product labels and understand what things are made of. • Chemistry can keep you safe. You learn which cleaning chemicals are dangerous to mix and which are safe to use. • Chemistry helps you understand news about oil, pollution, the environment, and new technology. • Chemistry shows how things work. • Chemistry is fun! You can do many interesting projects. They can glow in the dark, change colours, make bubbles, and change from one state to another. Fireworks and explosions use chemistry. • Chemistry explains how food changes when you cook it, how to keep food fresh, how your body uses food, and how ingredients work together. • We use chemicals every day without thinking. Your body is made of chemicals. Chemical reactions happen when you breathe, eat, or even sit still. . 1. Chemistry can keep you 2. Chemistry explains , how to keep food . 3. Chemistry helps understand news about . 4. Chemistry helps understand, why plants are green .

6. 7.

. .

140 140

Lesson

Lesson 64 Languages 1.

( )

images

flashcards

videos

audio recordings on-line resources 2. 3.

. ,

. engaging improve experience brain capacity keep up with research

[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ] [ɪmˈpruːv] [ˈkɒnfɪdəns] [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] [breɪn kəˈpæsəti] [kiːp ʌp wɪð] [rɪˈsɜːtʃ ]

. Speaking the second language will • open a world of job opportunities; • help you meet new people and develop life-long (1)

; 141 141

UNIT 7

School Subjects

• help you get an outsider’s perspective about your own culture. If you’ve only ridden inside the bus you can’t see the bus’s wheels, the exterior colour, or the engine that drives it. Want a bigger picture? You need to get off that bus and examine it ’ from the (2) into another culture, but get a clear view of your own; • help you become more interesting and meet more interesting people. If you speak (3) or more languages, you’ll have many more lively, engaging conversations on a variety of topics; • develop (4) ; • improve your decision making skills; • completely transform your travel (5) . You’ll see the world from a different perspective; • give you a chance to study or live overseas; • help you discover a new (6) . You can learn a lot about music, , , etc.; • really make you stand out from the crowd; • increase your brain capacity and you’ll have better (7) too; • let you keep up with the rest of the world. Read/watch the latest news in science, engineering, technology, business, or the latest (8) .

, .

1. She loves programming. She ought to become a great IT specialist. 2. If he works hard in Maths, he pass the entrance exam. 3. You’ve done well in biology and chemistry. You enjoy medical school. 4. With your drawing skills, you be successful as an architect. 5. They’re studying very little this year. They

, ,

. .

1. Students ought to choose subjects they enjoy. 2. With enough reading, she ought to do well on the History test. 3. You ought to respect all teachers, even the strict ones. 5. Teenagers ought to learn how to make decisions about their future.

. 142 142

Lesson

Lesson 65 Literature 1.

( )

flashcards

quizzes interactive exercises

audio recordings

articles slideshow presentations

top-quality online resources THE CHARACTERS Tom Sawyer Tom, an orphan, has had to learn to be independent. Will he learn more from doing what he is told, or from taking risks?

Aunt Polly Well-meaning Aunt Polly wants the best for her young charges, but how can she feel proud of young Tom when he keeps lying to her?

character map

Sid Sawyer Sid is Tom’s younger half-brother. If he can get Tom into trouble when he deserves it, will that keep him from going to heaven too soon?

videos 2.

images 4

. 143 143

UNIT 7 3.

School Subjects

. imagination persuade encounter consequence evidence

[ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn] [pəˈsweɪd] [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)] [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] [ˈevɪdəns] [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns] [ˈnəʊtɪs]

notice

ginaimation, cenedive, chageenll, suaperde, seconcesenqu

• • Writing and talking about literature help to prepare us to write and talk about anything. • — challenge readers to make connections, to weight evidence, to question, to notice details, to make sense out of a rich experience. These analytical abilities are fundamental life skills. • We learn to think about how other people see the world. We can understand, persuade, accept and help these others more effectively and fully. • People who’ve experienced more stories are better able to think about actions and consequences. • • • •

otherwise never experience. is fun.

. .

144 144

Lesson

Lesson 66 Physics 1.

ampermeter

calorimeter

containers

rheostat instructor’s desk with central control unit

magnet

telescope 2.

thermometer

pendulum

dynamometer

145 145

UNIT 7 3.

School Subjects

. govern contain solar power consumer universe obtain goods branch mining

[ˈɡʌvn] [kənˈteɪn] [ˈsəʊlə(r) ˈpaʊə(r)] [kənˈsjuːmə(r)] [ˈjuːnɪvɜːs] [əbˈteɪn] [ɡʊdz] [brɑːntʃ ] [ˈmaɪnɪŋ]

Merconsu, odsog, urseveni, rnvego, inobta.

• Physics helps us develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It requires from students to think logically, use analogies, etc. • It helps us understand the world we live in, how the world around us works, the fundamental principles that govern our universe and everything in it. • Modern technology is physics-based. • Knowledge of Physics is needed to understand music, sound, light, art and literature. Many authors use allusions to physics in their works. • It helps us communicate. The creation of computers, the Internet, phones, etc. wouldn’t be possible without physics. • Physics plays an important role in providing energy. Everything from nuclear power plants to solar powered cars require physics. • Physics plays an important role in mining fuel, which powers our planes, trains and automobiles; in developing consumer electronics; in constructing buildings.

146 146

Lesson

Lesson 67 Biology 1.

forceps

microscopes

2. 3.

dyes and other indicators

. ,

. involve breeding improve proper manner supply address (deal with) challenge derive from

beaker

test tubes

[ɪnˈvɒlv] [ˈbriːdɪŋ] [ɪmˈpruːv] [ˈprɒpə(r) ˈmænə(r)] [səˈplaɪ] [əˈdres diːl wɪð] [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] [dɪˈraɪv frəm] . .

• Biology helps understand the interaction between humanity and the world. • Biological research has the potential to help us address global challenges. • include chemicals produced by plants. • It provides opportunities to learn about the processes of all living things. • It helps us understand how to improve our health and diet. • It helps us understand our i we, for example, depend on plants and animals for food, clothing and shelter. • Understanding the theory of evolution by natural selection is a major step in anyone’s education. .

. 147 147

UNIT 7

School Subjects

Lesson 68 Handicrafts 1.

wood metal

leather

clay

stone glass plants

textiles 2.

. .

textile, leather

wood, metal, clay, glass, stone

paper or canvas

embroidery macramé needlework sewing

bead work doll making jewellery design pottery puppet making sculpture toy making wood carving

bookbinding embossing/ paper paper craft pop-up books scrapbooking

plants basket weaving

cake decorating

straw marquetry

. promote neatness encourage heritage manual ability establish success

148 148

other

[prəˈməʊt] [ˈniːtnəs] [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] [ˈherɪtɪdʒ] [ˈmænjuəl əˈbɪləti] [ɪˈstæblɪʃ ] [səkˈses]

Lesson 5.

. a) the fact that you have achieved what you want b) skill at doing things, especially with your hands c) to help sth to happen or develop d) arranged or done carefully e) using your hands; operated by hand f) the customs, qualities and culture of a country that have great importance for the country g) to start or create an organization, a system, etc.

1. promote 2. neat 3. encourage 4. heritage 5. ability 6. success 7. manual 8. establish

. 1. The Prime Minister good relations between our countries. 2. Hard work is the key to . 3. She always her younger sister. 4. My grandfather was a skilled worker. 5. Before we start on the project we should some rules.

• Handicrafts promotes our cultural heritage through the use of original materials. • Handicraft products show an individual’s creativity. • Handicrafts trains the eye and hand. • Handicrafts cultivates the artistic feeling. • Handicrafts trains in neatness and good taste. • Handicrafts trains in manual ability. • Thanks to Handicrafts you can experience the pleasure of exact movements and the triumph of success. • Handicrafts is just fun.

(

1. Which subjects are important for your dream job? Why? 2. Which subject will you not need in the future? Explain. 3. What job can you do with good knowledge of… Model: I will need IT because I want to be a web designer. History is useful if you want to be a tour guide or lawyer.

10.

. 149 149

UNIT 7

School Subjects SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 7

. e

e e

e hem

. 1. Your memory . a) will improve b) shall improve 2. I one foreign language. a) know b) am knowing 3. A photographer maths skills. a) need b) needs 4. Robotics engineers a robot. a) is designing b) designed

. prsnttn, nln, chllng, sppl, mcrscp, hndcrfts

. friendship

heritage

food

1. Handicrafts promotes our cultural 2. Physical training develops teamwork and

leadership . .

3. A foreign language helps to establish cross-cultural 4. Chemistry explains how changes as you cook it.

150 150

Self-Assessment Module 7 Lesson

a, b, c

Handicrafts

Biology

Physics

Chemistry

Mathematics

. History

Maths (1)

the language of the universe. Our ancestors (2) fascinated with Maths. Maths (3) logical thinking and problem solving. You must (4) Mathematics if you want to be wanted. 1. a) is b) are c) was d) were 2. a) is b) are c) was d) were 3. a) teaches b) taught c) is teaching d) was teaching 4. a) study b) studied c) have studied d) had studied

()

I can use basic vocabulary to talk about the importance of History. I can use basic vocabulary to talk about the importance of Mathematics. I can use basic vocabulary to talk about the importance of Chemistry.

I can use basic vocabulary to talk about the importance of Physics. I can use basic vocabulary to talk about the importance of Biology. I can use basic vocabulary to talk about the importance of Handicrafts. I can use basic vocabulary to talk about the importance of Physical training. I can compare and contrast different school subjects. I can name objects/equipment teachers use at different lessons. I can explain statements in my own words. I can give reasons why this or that school subject is my favourite. 151 151

Unit 8

MEDIA: THE INTERNET

Lesson 69

The Birth of the World Wide Web 1.

. Model:

...

I believe (think / have an opinion that) the Internet is a perfect tool to stay in touch with my friends.

. spend time online looking for web-sites

1. online

2. surf

b. connected to the Internet

3. virus

4. chat room

information that you store under a particular name

5. log on/ off

move the information from the Internet to your computer

disconnected from the Internet

7. crash

/ system

8. download

when a computer or program stops working suddenly

a web-site for exchanging messages

10. attachment

a program that enters your j. computer and damages or destroys information

e-mail message

Lesson 3.

. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

What is the Internet? How “old” is the Internet? Who developed it and why? Who makes the rules that govern the use of the Internet? How has the Internet developed? How has the original design of the Internet affected its development? How many Internet users are there today? The Internet is a big network that connects many computers around the world. It helps information move from one computer to another quickly. The Internet began because the United States Department of Defense wanted a computer system that would keep working even if there was a disaster like a war. In the late 1960s, they started a project called ARPANET. This project helped connect different computer networks using special rules called communication protocols. These protocols helped create the Internet as we know it today. The World Wide Web, which makes it easy to use the Internet, was created later, in 1990. It was made at CERN, a research laboratory in

for the Web. Now, he leads the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). This group helps create rules for how the Web works. W3C includes important universities and organizations from the USA, Europe, Japan, China, and many other countries. It also

Tim Berners-Lee

People had ideas about the Web even before computers existed. In 1895, some people in Belgium started a project called Mundaneum. Their goal was to collect all the world’s knowledge and organize it on many index cards. It was like a paper version of Wikipedia. Some of these collections are still in museums today. In 1945, Vannevar Bush imagined a machine called Memex. It was a desk with screens that was never built, but it inspired many ideas for computer programs later.

Mundaneum 153 153

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet

project is still active today. The Internet has grown very fast. In October 2015, there were more than 943 million websites. By September 2021, there were nearly 2 billion websites, and the number keeps growing every day. // internetlivestats.com).

. .

154 154

’

Lesson

Lesson 70

The Internet Possibilities 1.

● Dialogue A. Tom: Hey, Dad, how often do you (1) ? a) YouTube at work. Dad: I go online (2) b) favourite website Tom: Oh? Why is that? c) attach Dad: I have to (3) my customers every day d) email ● Dialogue B. e) go online Tom: Dad, I need your help with my (4) . f) computer Dad: Sure. How can I help you? g) show Tom: I don’t know how to (5) . Dad: It’s easy! Here, let me (6) you. h) all the time ● Dialogue C. Julia: What’s your (7) , Tom? Tom: Well, (8) , of course. Julia: Really? Can you explain why? Tom: Sure. It’s because I can watch gaming videos about my favorite online games!

5 I agree completely 4 I mostly agree

. ’ 2 I mostly disagree 1 I disagree completely

A child should learn how to use a computer at the age of 4 or 5. Chatting online is a waste of time. The computer is the most important invention in the world. Using the Internet is a great way to improve your English. The Internet is dangerous. In the future, computers will replace teachers. Computers are smarter than people. Working in a computer store is great. Model:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

I mostly agree that going online can be fun, but we ought to remember about time management and possible Internet dangers for its users. This brings me to agree completely that chatting online is a waste of time. 155 155

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet

Lucy: Every morning I go to work, sit down and log on to my computer. I need my computer to do my job. But I have a problem. I love to go on Facebook when ’ spend about an hour at work each day chatting with friends online. I waste so much time at work, but sometimes my job is boring. What can I do? Nick: My parents bought me a laptop last week. I am surprised at how much computer software costs. I have a friend who knows a lot about computers and he can get me computer software for free, but another friend says I can’t do this. It’s not legal, and it’s the same as stealing. I don’t know what to do. Susan: I have passwords for three e-mail accounts, for my blog, and for so many other websites where I need to sign in. I think I have about ten or twenty different passwords. Unfortunately, I sometimes forget some of them. I don’t want to write them on paper, because I might lose it and another person will have all my passwords. I don’t want to have the same password for everything, because that can also be dangerous. Any ideas or suggestions? Model:

make a list of things that you can do online to develop professionally, or to learn some new skills. For example, fast keyboard typing, speaking a new foreign language, drawing and others.

. a) b) c) d) e) f)

… is online more than 5 hours each day. … has two computers at home. … doesn’t know how to use a computer. … thinks TV is better than the Internet. … studies English online. … hates the Internet. .

Are you online more than 5 hours each day? How much time a day do you spend online? Why are you online more than 5 hours?

156 156

(

)

Lesson

Lesson 71

Just Google It 1.

. search engine. Its

’

Brin, who started the company in (2) a misspelling of Page’s original planned name, googol (a mathematical term for the number one followed by (3) zeroes), although at the beginning the (4) had to be named as Backrub. The present-day company’s name became so popular that it for searching (5)

Page

a graduate from the University of Michigan, applied to Stanford (6) for his Ph.D. Sergey Brin, then 21, already a Ph.D. Sergey Brin

around the university campus.

, but the engine searches is

available in 80 languages. ’

’

the offer. Today Yahoo is much cheaper than (9)

. .

. Model:

information in the Internet. I usually google for some historical facts to get the translation of some of the words in English. It’s fast and convenient...

. 157 157

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet

Lesson 72

SNS: Social Networking Sites 1.

. .

This platform is the most popular social media site for professional networking. The platform has over 700 million registered users, with about 300 million active each in their industry, and even post and respond to job listings. This platform is another social media channel with a heavy emphasis on visuals, like

has more than 1 billion monthly active users and is mainly a mobile platform. C. This platform is a social news and entertainment website with tons of sub-communities to interact with other users. It began in 2005, and today the site has more than 430 million active users. D. This site is relatively new to the world of social networks. However, it has already made a memorable mark on the social media landscape. The app lets a user create short, creative videos. It already has more than 800 million monthly active users around the world. 158 158

Lesson 3.

Social media has given people the opportunity to connect with friends and other of information. Nevertheless, many people blame social media for a breakdown in communication and relationships. Now, there is a dramatic decrease in face-to-face communication, which reduces young generation’s ability to interact with people on a speaking level. Others believe that SNSs make users feel lonely and depressed. There is also an opinion that social networking lacks emotional connection, often effect of SNSs is that they decrease the quality of communication. As Peter Drucker once ’ ’ to see your friends because you can message them. Social networking makes life so convenient that it creates laziness. Another disadvantage of social media is presenting a perfect image of users. We post pictures of us when we look good or perfect and share the good news. People don’t post news about losing a job or the break-up of the relationship. We tell ourselves and others lies about ourselves and develop something we are not. Model: any place in the world. Moreover, you can do it very fast, from home or any place with Internet access. Another plus point of SNSs is the ease of ’ be in a particular place to call somebody (like with landline phones), or wait several days to receive a reply from someone (like with post services). We can message a person and receive feedback in real time. We spend so much time online that we don’t always understand the feelings and emotions of the person we are talking to.

159 159

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet

Lesson 73

Are You on Facebook? 1.

. 1.

to update

on your timeline

to tag

with somebody

to share

somebody’s posts

to chat

somebody in a photo

to comment

photos / status updates / links

to post

on a photo

to like

pictures / songs / posts

to hide

your status

(

)

a) Some people

their Facebook status many times in one day. b) If I don’t like somebody I their posts. c) I often with my friends in the evening. d) My friends sometimes on my timeline. e) I like it when people songs on Facebook. f) My best friend always on my photos. g) I don’t like it when somebody me in photos. h) 89 people

. b) c) d) e) f)

h) i) j) k) l)

160 160

(

)

How often do you update your status? Do you tag your friends in pictures? Do they like it? Do you enjoy chatting on Facebook? Why? Do you share anything on Facebook? What kind of information do you share? Do you like your friends’ posts or photos? What kind of emoticons do you use? ’ you post? Which SNSs do you have your accounts on? What do you most enjoy about Facebook? What do you least enjoy about Facebook? Are you friends with your parents on Facebook? Why or why not? Do you always accept friend requests? Why or why not?

Lesson 4.

(

There are different users on Facebook. Some are busy, send game requests or post random pictures, while others simply behave like mute spectators and observe others. There are those who just post stuff like “I can’t believe this” or ’

go see what people they know do. The Newbie — They are all over the place, like

The Over-Sharer — Nothing stays out, everything that happens should goes on Facebook. The Brand Promoter — Proud of his company and makes sure everyone knows it. The Fearful User — Their privacy settings are exceptional. The Curator — Knows what is good for others, and makes it a personal duty to share it. ’

a gaming platform.

remember he does.

5. ,

( .

161 161

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet

Lesson 74

Internet Communication 1.

sign in sign out shut down copy and paste information edit a document hard drive delete insert hardware software subscribe

[saɪn ɪn] [saɪn aʊt] [ʃʌt daʊn] [ˈkɒpi ənd peɪst ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] [ˈedɪt ə ˈdɒkjumənt] [hɑːd draɪv] [dɪˈliːt] [ɪnˈsɜːt] [ˈhɑːdweə(r)] [ˈsɒftweə(r)] [səbˈskraɪb]

a) I can send you a message if you let me know your (1) b) c) d) e) f) g)

. If you click on that (2) , it will take you to a new website. I sent you a message this morning. Did you check your (3) ? How many hours a day are you (4) ? How do you upload and (5) Be careful when you decide to open a (6) . It may have a virus! I write about my travel experiences on my own personal (7) .

. Model:

The

expression

“shut

down

the

it. — It’s incorrect. If you shut down a) b)

c) d)

162 162

A search engine helps you start your computer. If you “save” some information in your computer hard drive, you edit this information. Before you “paste” something onto a document, you need to write down your password. The opposite of “to sign out” is “to shut down”.

Lesson

. a) b) c) d) e) f)

According to the article, one of the most important human rights nowadays is Internet access. A survey questioned 27,000 adults from 126 countries. A telecommunication chief said the Web was important for light. There are at least 2 countries in the world the Internet access is a right according to the law. Two-thirds of Mexicans cannot imagine their life without the Internet. The Internet makes it easy for us to see.

. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

What comes to your mind when you hear the word ‘the Internet’? How important is the Internet in your life? In the life of your family? Do you think people in different countries have different views of the Internet? How has the Internet changed the world? Is the Internet a source of enlightenment for you? Is the Internet just like roads, food and water? What have you learnt from the Internet recently? Do you know anybody who doesn’t have Internet access? ,

touch with people who are far away / from all over the world

Internet Communication

Advantages

/ instant interaction / entertainment

Disadvantages study and distance work

163 163

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet

Lesson 75

Internet Security and Cyberсrime 1.

Internet security cybercrime to steal smb’s identity credit card fraud intellectual property theft to bypass the computer security system phishing digital/online piracy cyberbullying malware (malicious software)

[ˈɪntənet sɪˈkjʊərəti] [ˈsaɪbəkraɪm] [stiːl aɪˈdentəti] [ˈkredɪt kɑːd frɔːd] [ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl ˈprɒpəti θeft] [ˈbaɪpɑːs ðə kəmˈpjuːtə(r) sɪˈkjʊərəti ˈsɪstəm] [ˈfɪʃɪŋ] [ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ˌɒnˈlaɪn ˈpaɪrəsi] [ˈsaɪbəbʊliɪŋ] [ˈmælweə(r) (məˈlɪʃəs ˈsɒftweə(r))] .

1. hacking

a) making purchases or obtain cash advances using a credit card account assigned to another person

2. intellectual property theft

b) a type of online scam where criminals impersonate legitimate organizations via email, text message, advertisement or other means in order to steal sensitive information

3. credit card fraude

c) obtaining, normally in a malicious or illegal way, any information that was not intended to be shared

4. cyberbullying

d) the process of bypassing the security systems on a computer system or network

5. data theft

e) repeated behaviour, aimed at scaring, angering or shaming those who are targeted (spreading lies about or posting embarrassing photos of someone on social media; sending hurtful messages or threats via messaging platforms; impersonating someone and sending mean messages to others on their behalf)

6. phishing

f) robbing people or companies of their ideas, inventions, trade secrets, movies, music, software, books etc.

164 164

Lesson

. Model:

I don’t think people understand the danger of cybercrime. I believe it’s a huge problem. Cyberspace has become a new battleground. Countries spy on each other. They attack the other country’s Internet, which means all communication, transport, healthcare system, education and banks lose data. Cybercrime is dangerous for individual people too. Phishing is a good example. That’s why we really need to be very careful about what information we put online.

. //

. .

165 165

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet

Lesson 76

The Future of the Internet 1.

. misinformation fake news inventor bullying to spread the Internet of things VR (virtual reality) augmented reality

[ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] [feɪk njuːz] [ɪnˈventə(r)] [ˈbʊliɪŋ] [spred] [ðə ˈɪntənet əv θɪŋ] [ˈvɜːtʃuəl riˈæləti] [ɔːɡˌmentɪd riˈæləti] [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns]

about how people are using it. He is concerned about the future of the Web. He wrote that many people weren’t sure about if the Web was “a force for good”. He thinks it can be Internet. The inventor had three worries about the World Wide Web. He called it a “mirror of hacking and bullying. New laws must keep people safe. A second worry is how social

2. The Web’s inventor does not care about the future of the Internet. ’ 5. It is now clear that social media are often used to misinform the users.

(

166 166

Lesson 4.

I believe hacking is the biggest danger of the Internet

I believe cyberbullying is the biggest danger of the Internet

I believe poor I believe fake news communication spreading is the and being overweight biggest danger are the biggest of the Internet dangers of the Internet

. A

Our digital presence will not be separate from the physical world.

The world in front of us will be a mix of the physical and the virtual realities.

Scientists will link our brain to the Internet.

“The Internet of things” will be present in every home.

Instead of learning new languages, we will just install a translation app that allows us to live-translate our own speech in real-time.

 1. — Have you seen www.lockeddoor.com?

— Because they’re scared of the mouse. 3. — Since you’ve discovered the Internet, you don’t pay any attention to me! — Who said that? 4. A clean house is the sign of a broken computer.

167 167

UNIT 8

Media: the Internet SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE 8

. hme

hm w

be b

h h

. 2. The Internet, the Web, social media, World Wide Web. 3. Copy, crash, paste, cut.

1. What do people do when they change something on a ‘document’? a) They attach it b) They chat

c) They download it d) They edit it

’ b) An e-mail account

d) Keys ’

a) At home b) In a book

c) On the World Wide Web d) In a printer

4. Which of the following words best describes the word ‘icon’? a) Picture b) Number

c) Colour d) Size

5. Which of the following things can a ‘link’ do? a) Open an Internet Café

c) Help you save information

6. Which of the following things can a ‘virus’ do? a) Create an e-mail account

c) Crash your computer .

168 168

Self-Assessment Module 8 Lesson 1.

. keyboard

attachment

delete

e-books

password

any computer document or e-mail message that you a) You can (1) don’t want to keep. b) Oh no! I just spilled my coffee on my computer (2) ! c) I almost never buy books at a book store anymore. I usually read (3) . to your e-mail account with your username and d) You can (4) password. e) My (5) is a secret. Only I know it. f) I took a photo of our school yesterday, and sent it to you as an (6) .

. a) the practice of downloading and distributing copyrighted content digitally without permission

1. keyboard 2. malware 3. online piracy 4. reality 5. fake news

b) an enhanced version of the real physical world that is achieved through the use of digital visual elements, sound, or other sensory stimuli delivered via technology c) false or misleading information presented as news d) a board with buttons marked with letters or numbers that are pressed to put information into a computer or other machine or gain unauthorized access to a computer system

()

I can talk about the Internet, its present, past and possible future. I can name and talk about different platforms of social media, about their advantages and drawbacks. I can talk about dangers of the Internet activity and how to avoid them. I can express and reason my point of view on a contradictory issue. I can carry out a class survey and present the results of the survey to the class.

169 169

SUPPLEMENTARY READING 1.

. надто

ирокий

намагатися прокладати со і

ля через

керувати транспортним засо ом під час інтенсивного вуличного ру у неземний ути зрозумілим мені вина ід

started to draw what he called the “future vehicle”. It was the most unusual vehicle I had ever seen. We had just heard a siren. It was an ambulance trying to make its way through the “You see, that’s the problem with ambulances. They are too wide to navigate easily

unearthly drawing. ambulance would work. It was beginning to make sense to me. Dad said it was a great idea. Mum suggested that Jerry get a patent for his invention to make sure his idea was not stolen.

3. a) They could be seen more easily. c) They could move more quickly.

, a) b) c) d)

170 170

broken into parts; lengthened; removed; trimmed.

Supplementary Reading

— одержувати; діставати; здо увати іністерство патентів та торгови марок по ук заповн вати анкету ути дозволеним окремий елемент

and read about patents. Jerry learned that before you try to obtain a patent for your idea, you must make sure that no one has a similar patent already. Some people hire an agent has millions of patents registered. The agent must also check foreign patents. After the of his new vehicle. It could take as long as two years for the patent to be granted. If Jerry receives his patent, he will be given a patent number, which tells the date of the invention. Jerry will have certain rights as an inventor. No one other than the inventor can make or sell the patented item for 17 years. the only one with an unusual invention. I hope that his idea is successful and that it does Arlington, Virginia.

. Jerry observed an ambulance stuck 1 a) b) c) d)

Dad said Jerry’s new ambulance was a great idea. 3

Jerry went to the library. Jerry drew the “future vehicle”. Jerry learned about the patent process. Mom suggested Jerry get a patent. .

171 171

Supplementary Reading 1.

нудьгувати зізнаватися до ка оголо ень друкуватися видавати акуратно о айно по та сповіщати повідомляти судити оцін вати

It was the middle o vacation, and her brother was at camp. She didn’t have anyone to play with or talk to. She decided to bicycle up the street to the bookstore. She liked to visit there. It had a lot of interesting toys, posters, and computer games, as well as books. She had become friends with Mr. Hoffman, the owner. “Okay, I guess. I’m kind of bored,” she confessed. “Well, I have something exciting to show you,” he said. “It’s about one of your favourite authors.” He led her to the notice board. She read the poster. ’ ’ of anything more wonderful than meeting her — except maybe winning the contest and ’ Mr. Hoffman!” she said as she hurried out the door. Well-known author Elizabeth Blalock will be at Treehouse Bookstore on Saturday, July 13, from 1.00 p.m. to autograph copies of her books. Contest sponsored by Treehouse Bookstore and open to boys and girls ages 6–12. Stories must be:

Mail your story to:

2. Between 500 and 700 words in length 3. Neatly written or typed

1204 Jefferson Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53047

First pl Ms. Blalock will judge our story-writing contest and hold a personal writing conference place winner. Then the winning story will be published in Tom Thumb magazine.

172 172

Supplementary Reading 3.

, a) b) c) d)

to illustrate a book; to sign one’s name; to give away money; to sell a book.

a) b) c) d)

She was worried. She was excited and eager to start writing a story. She was still bored. She was sad.

a) b) c) d)

She needed a book for class. It sold birthday cards and balloons. She needed a poster for her bedroom. It had interesting toys, posters, games, and books.

, a) b) c) d)

a story you made up; a report on an animal; a biography about a famous person; a short poem.

7. was at camp. c) Ms. Blalock will judge a story-writing contest sponsored by Treehouse Bookstore. judge in a story-writing contest.

солдат запа війна імік установл вати вла товувати

The art of making perfumes was important in Asia. That was where English and French soldiers found the sweet scents in the 1200s. They returned to England and France with the perfumes. Some soldiers even wore perfume into war. They thought it brought them 173 173

Supplementary Reading good luck. In the 1500s, perfume was very popular in Europe. In France, Queen Catherine start of a big business there. Even Napoleon had a perfumer. In the next centuries, many famous perfume companies were established.

a) b) c) d)

at the time Catherine de Medici was queen; before the soldiers used it; at the same time that it was important in Asia; in the next century. ,

a) the 1200s;

b) the 1500s;

c) the 1700s;

d) the 1900s.

. цінне майно/власність пильно дивитися давно померлий тропічний ліс з ерігати палати раптово апати руйнування знищення правильний ви ір

Frieda and her mother lived in an apartment in New York City. Frieda had no brothers or sisters, and there were no children living nearby. Her best friend was a very old woman named Maria, who lived down the hall. Maria’s most prized possessions were a cat named Javier and an album of photographs from her family in Costa Rica. When she visited Maria, Frieda liked to study the album. and native animals stared from the photographs. Maria would begin by talking about these long-dead relatives but would end by telling stories about the jaguars and parrots that lived in the rain forest near her family home. Frieda loved listening to these stories. She wanted to become a scientist to help save the rain forests from destruction.

’ stereo and let’s go!” Frieda had saved her money for a year to buy the stereo. “Maria may need help,” Frieda yelled as she raced down the hall to her friend’s

174 174

Supplementary Reading

Javier downstairs. Frieda grabbed the heavy photo album from the shelf where Maria Frieda’s mother was anxiously waiting for her on the street. She saw that her daughter had saved only Maria’s photo album. “I’m sorry about your stereo,” Frieda’s mother said. “That’s all right,” Frieda said, “I made the right choice.”

, a) b) c) d)

she knew it meant a lot to Maria; she always wanted to own it; she did not see anything else to save; Maria told her to save it.

a) b) c) d)

Costa Rica; the country; a tropical rain forest; New York City.

a) b) c) d)

collection of postcards; parrot from Brazil; cat named Javier; grandfather clock.

6. b) saves her own favourite thing; c) knows how to save money;

7. a) b) c) d)

“My album cost more than the stereo.” “I will give her a reward.” “I am tired of my stereo.” “I could never replace the album.”

8. 1.

. рецепт

укати свій стиль приготування арчова рганізація з низьким вмістом жирів ути задоволеним 175 175

Supplementary Reading езко товно

на ір мірни ложок

A cookbook of easy-to-make recipes that taste good and are good for you. Just learning your way around the kitchen? Want some recipes that are easy to follow and quick to satisfy your sweet tooth? This cookbook is the one for you! And your parents will love it too! The recipes have been approved by the American Nutrition Association. The recipes are low-fat, high-taste. products, and suggestions for setting the table for special occasions. The cookbook also helps you make grocery lists for the ingredients you will need for the recipes you want to try. The cookbook has enough recipes and other ideas to help you prepare a completely balanced meal and surprise your family. The cookbook will help you make and keep friends. Practise the recipes on your friends. They will be delighted! They’ll want to help you with your creations. For a limited time, we are offering “Anyone Can Cook!” for a fantastic price — $ 12.95 each or 2 for $ 20.95. And if you order within the next ten days, we will also send you (FREE) a complete set of measuring spoons and cups for each book ordered!!! Don’t delay.

Order Form Send me Also send me I have enclosed $

. copy(ies) of “Anyone Can Cook!”. . FREE set(s) of measuring spoons and cups. .

Name Address City Phone (including Area Code)

Anyone Can Cook! Baking, PA 09876 Allow 4 to 5 weeks for delivery.

176 176

. State

. . . .

Supplementary Reading 3.

, a) b) c) d)

want to help you make your creations; not have room to eat dinner at home; look for their favourite cookbook at home; invite you over to try their favourite creations.

4. a) pay for the cookbook with a check; b) order within ten days; d) buy two copies of the cookbook.

a) b) c) d)

making it sound like fun to make the recipes; offering to send you a free copy; showing you photographs from the book; selling the book through the mail.

a) b) c) d)

2 to 3 weeks; 3 to 4 weeks; 4 to 5 weeks; 5 to 6 weeks.

7. 1.

. досягнення уряд траплятися від уватися змен увати знижувати знижувати податки проєктувати о ертове крісло столик який о ертається відкритий прилавок для закусок

Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States. He is also well-known for many other achievements. He was a writer, an architect, an inventor, and a music lover. Jefferson was involved in government for many years before he became President. He was the governor of Virginia, a U.S. congressman, the minister of France, and the Vice

177 177

Supplementary Reading President of the United States. He helped to write the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. Jefferson served as President from 1801 to 1809. Many changes occurred during

During and after his time as President, Jefferson followed his other interests. He designed Monticello, his Virginia home, and the Virginia Capitol building. He invented the swivel chair and the dumbwaiter. Jefferson contributed greatly to the development of the University of Virginia. In addition to designing the university buildings, he planned the courses, hired the teachers, and selected the books. The university opened its doors in 1825. Jefferson was a man of many talents, and he used his talents to improve life for many people in his country.

3. a) a folk tale;

c) a biography;

4. a) was a good musician and a talented singer; c) greatly contributed to his country and its people; d) increased government spending and increased taxes.

5. b) look in a book about Presidents of the United States; c) go to a university in France; d) look in the dictionary under “architect”.

You and your friend try on identical T-shirts in a shop. When you put yours on, it rips! You and your friend give the T-shirts back to the assistant. She accuses your friend of ripping the T-shirt. What do you do? a) Say nothing. The shop assistant might suspect you. b) Defend your friend. c) Admit that it was you.

178 178

Supplementary Reading

For a joke, everyone has told your best friend that this year’s school Christmas party is fancy dress but it is not. You know he/she will be embarrassed. What do you do? a) Tell him/her the truth before the party. b) Take some normal clothes to the party because he/she might want to change. c) Wait for the party then laugh. You are going to stay with some friends. You invite a good friend from school to go with you. After a day, you notice that your friends are talking to your school friend much more than to you! What do you do? a) Nothing, you are happy that your friends like each other. b) Tell your friends something horrible about your school friend. c) Try to be the centre of attention by doing silly things. Either you or your friend might win the geography prize. The teacher recommends a book to use for the geography assignment. Your friend did not write down the title of the book. He/she asks you the title. What do you do? a) Pretend that you can’t remember. b) Tell him/her the title; you want to be fair. / Your best friend didn’t use to be a rebel but now he/she is frequently breaking school rules and lying. You try to talk about it but he/she says you are boring and never do anything exciting. What do you do? a) Demonstrate that you are not boring by breaking some rules too. b) Decide it’s time to

c) Worry that he/she might get into trouble. /

/ / autograph. It’s all a big lie. What do you do? ’ b) Nothing, it might teach your friend not to lie. c) Tell everyone that your friend is lying.

’

179 179

Supplementary Reading 6–9 You are brave and kind. Your friends are very lucky to have you as a friend. We hope that they are good friends to you too. You enjoy helping and protecting people. However, sometimes, you might forget someone — yourself. 10–14 You are a good friend but you are realistic too. You know that friends sometimes do silly things and you can’t always stop them or help them. However, you take care of your good friends and listen to their problems when things go wrong. 15–18 attention. You don’t like helping others and you never think of other people’s feelings.

From “Team” T

180 180

— ут олка рватися поротися звинувачувати підозр вати за ищати визнавати кост мований засмучений — переодягатися помічати жа ливий езглуздий

завдання назва — прикидатись справедливий — унтівник часто пору увати правила ре ати на ридливий нудний вил чий — реклама за ищати егоїстичний

68 TAPESCRIPTS REVISION Victor: May I go out? Teacher: What’s wrong with you? Victor: I don’t feel well today. Teacher: What’s the matter? Victor: I don’t know. Yesterday I and my friends ate at a fast food restaurant. We like people of our own age. Teacher: Oh, yes. Teenagers have very unhealthy eating habits today. They eat more processed foods than ever before. How about home cooked meals in your family? Victor: You see, my both parents work outside the home, so they don’t often have

Ann:

with prepackaged, instant foods. We can get mashed potatoes in a packet (just add water), tinned or packaged soups, as well as a large variety of frozen ready made dishes such as lasagna, meat pies, and many others. Why waste time on cooking! No wonder that students feel bad today. We are lazy to cook healthy nutritious meals. Most of us skip breakfast or have just toast and jam or a doughnut or

snacks. These come in the form of burgers, fries, hotdogs or sandwiches, pizza or some other readymade food, which are usually on white bread with plenty of mayonnaise or butter. Teacher: Right you are! You should always remember that “cookie today, crumb tomorrow” and “live not to eat but eat to live”.

UNIT 1 An autobiography is a self-authored story of a person’s life. It is an account of one’s life written or recorded in some way by that person. The autobiography can be either professional or friendly, depending on your target audience. • Narrative In this type of writing, events will be narrated as a “perfect” story. • Descriptive This type of writing can be engaged when you want your readers to build up a picture of something in their minds. It can be because of its beauty, its ugliness or simply because it is different. The best way to write an autobiography is to treat life as an interesting story starting from birth. Take your readers or listeners through the different stages of your life. 181 181

Tapescripts UNIT 2 on. Some people don’t like to have seats far from the stage. They get tickets for the stalls. If you have little money you take seats on the gallery. When you come to any theatre you leave your coat in the cloak-room. plays the leading role in the performance you are going to see. After this you take your seat and wait for the lights to go down. Soon the lights go down, the curtain goes up and the play begins.

UNIT 3

Dear friend, I’d like to tell you about one eagerly anticipated and successful event which our ’ Our annual Book Week is a school event dedicated to the enjoyment of books and reading. Authors, performance poets and illustrators are invited to spend several days with our students, taking part in workshops, presentations and performances, including an evening performance in our theatre to which parents are also invited. The principal guest at Book Week 2025 was Tim Bowler. His books have become favourites of our Key Stage 3 students. Tim read the opening dramatic passages of his book “Frozen Fire” with such feeling and intensity that we were all spellbound. He prepared Tim maintains the tension till the shocking and violent climax. This book will appeal to both boys and girls though it is probably not suitable for students younger than 13/14. poet, who proved to be as engaging as in a previous visit to school. The Wednesday evening show is generally considered to be the best ever. Write me soon. Yours, Sam

UNIT 4

My summer holidays I spent at my relatives’. They invited me to attend a cookery fair which takes place in their town every year. The air was fragrant with the smell of pastries, cakes, and pies. There were stands selling different cookeries. On the other hand, on the fair there were things made of straw and woods. One of the highlights of the fair was a cookery competition for original recipes. The judges sampled dishes and gave them marks for appearance and taste. The winning recipe was a delicious apple pie. It’s a local dish consisting of apples. An hour later, after everyone had eaten the dishes, the disco began. The atmosphere was exciting. I enjoyed the fair very much.

182 182

Tapescripts UNIT 5

Tower Bridge was built in 1886–1894. The bridge crosses the River Thames. It has ’ greatest landmarks from the exhibitions inside the towers and the Engine Room Museum. ’ ’ walkways. In the gift shop you can buy from picture packed information booklets to a Bridge Master’s Key ring.

UNIT 6

The Cathedral is a part of St. Sophia’s Cathedral Monastery. It was built in 1037 A.D. by Prince Yaroslav the Wise (he is buried inside) to commemorate the victory over the Pechenegs and to glorify Christianity. The church became a holy place of worship for ancient inhabitants of Kyiv. Today, the complex of buildings and churches, that makes up St. Sophia’s, is a museum.

UNIT 7

Speaking the second language will • open a world of job opportunities; • help you meet new people and develop life-long friendship; • help you get an outsider’s perspective about your own culture. If you’ve only ridden inside the bus you can’t see the bus’s wheels, the exterior colour, or the engine that drives it. Want a bigger picture? You need to get off that bus and examine ’ another culture, but get a clear view of your own; • help you become more interesting and meet more interesting people. If you speak two or more languages, you’ll have many more lively, engaging conversations on a variety of topics; • ; • improve your decision making skills; • completely transform your travel experience. You’ll see the world from a different perspective; • give you a chance to study or live overseas; • help you discover a new culture. You can learn a lot about music, , food, , etc.; • really make you stand out from the crowd; • increase your brain capacity and you’ll have better memory too; • let you keep up with the rest of the world. Read/watch the latest news in science, engineering, technology, business, or the latest research. 183 183

Tapescripts UNIT 8 ’ ’ term for the number one followed by 100 zeroes), although at the beginning the company had to be named as Backrub. The present-day company’s name became so popular that the Internet. University of Michigan, applied to Stanford University for his Ph.D. Sergey Brin, then 21, around the university campus.

languages. ’

’

Most of the world’s Internet users believe Internet access is a basic human right. This is according to a new poll conducted for the BBC. A survey of more than 27,000 adults in was a right everyone in the world needs and should have. The chief of the International Telecommunication Union, Dr. Hamadoun Toure, told most powerful potential source of enlightenment ever created." Dr. Toure believes online access should be available everywhere, just like roads and water. In some countries, this has already happened. Finland and Estonia have laws saying access is a human right. The survey also showed how the Internet is quickly becoming a vital part of our life, all across the world. Over 75 per cent of Japanese, Mexican and Chinese people said they could not live without it. It is easy to see why. Almost everything we do in our life today, from communication, study, work and leisure, needs the Internet. Without access to the Web, many people would feel helpless and powerless. Almost 80 per cent of those who took the survey believe the Web had were worried about the dangers of using the Internet. One big surprise was that the majority

184 184

68 Зворотні займенники (Refl xive Pronouns) воротні займенники в однині утвор ться додаванням до займенників , , , , та переклада ться як сам, сама, с , со і воротні займенники в множині утвор ться додаванням до займенників , , та переклада ться самі, с , со і. Напр.: I can do можу зро ити це сам/сама. днина I — myself She — herself It — itself

но ина we — ourselves се е сам а

се е самі

Доконані часи (Perfect Tenses) п рі ні доконани час вживається що показати що дія щойно від улася На час дії вказу ть такі о ставинні слова як lately нещодавно since відтоді already вже just щойно never ніколи ever коли не удь yet ще вже this week/ month/year цього тижня/місяця/року т рд у а ного дієслова

на орма а о і

утвор ється за допомого орми дієслова

допоміж-

вживається з третьо осо о однини Правильні дієслова утвор ть орму за допомого закінчення Неправильні дієслова ма ть осо ливу орму яку потрі но запам’ятати І (you, we, they) have just opened the window. Я щойно відчинив вікно. Не (she, it) has just opened the window. Він щойно відчинив вікно. ита на міжне дієслово

орма утвор ється за загальним правилом допоа о ставиться перед підметом — Have you opened the window? — Yes, I have. — No, I have not (haven’t). Why have you not told me about him? Why haven’t you put on your cap?

ап р чна орма утвор ється за допомого ставиться після допоміжного дієслова а о ). І have not (haven’t) opened the window. He has not (hasn’t) opened the window.

частки

яка

185 185

Grammar Reference ину и доконани час вживається що показати що дія від улася рані е за ін у минулу ді а о вже закінчилася до певного моменту в минулому На час дії вказу ть такі о ставинні словосполучення як by two o’clock, by that time, by June. т рд у а на орма утвор ється за допомого допоміжного дієслова і орми дієслова Правильні дієслова утвор ть орму за допомого закінчення Неправиль ні дієслова ма ть осо ливу орму яка подається у та лиці неправильни дієслів Yesterday we discussed the film which we had seen some days before. Учора ми обговорили фільм, який переглядали кілька днів тому. I had cooked dinner by three o’clock. Я приготувала обід до третьої години. ита дієслово

на

орма утвор ється за загальним правилом допоміжне ставиться перед підметом — Had you seen the film? — Yes, I had. — No, I had not (hadn’t).

ап р чна орма утвор ється за допомого виться після допоміжного дієслова ). І had not seen the film.

частки

яка ста-

Прислівники just, ever, yet, already (Adverbs just, ever, yet, already) — ще, все ще, ще ні, до цього часу; вживається у заперечни і питальни речення і стоїть наприкінці речення Напр.: We don’t know where we are going for our holidays . — и ще не знаємо, куди поїдемо під час канікул. — вже; вживається у стверджувальни а о питальни речення Напр.: Have you done that? — и вже те зро ив — щойно; вживається у стверджувальни а о питальни речення Напр.: I have had breakfast. — щойно поснідав — коли-небудь; вживається у питальни речення Напр.: Have you и коли-не удь ув у ондоні?

Розділові запитання (Tag Questions) апитання цього типу утвор ться за допомого допоміжного дієслова та осо ового займенника кщо пер а частина розділового запитання має стверджувальну орму то в другій частині вживається заперечна орма Напр.: The children walk in the park, don’t they? 186 186

Grammar Reference кщо пер а частина розділового запитання має заперечну частині вживається стверджувальна орма Напр.: The girl couldn’t remember that, could she?

68 орму то в другій

Порівняльна конструкція As ... as So ... as Порівняння предметів однакового ступеня якості виражається конструкціє такий самий як Напр.: She is beautiful her mother. — Вона така ж красива, як її мати. Порівняння предметів різного ступеня якості виражається конструкціє , не такий самий як Напр.: She is beautiful her mother. — она не така красива як її мати конструкції , , прикметники вжива ться у звичайному ступені порівняння

Прислівники too/enough (Adverbs too/enough) — надто; вживається перед прикметниками та прислівниками для підси лення ступеня ї ньої якості Напр.: The food was hot to eat. — жа ула надто гарячо що їсти Напр.: There are pupils in our classroom. We can’t follow the sanitation на ому класі занадто агато учнів и не можемо дотримуватися санітарни вимог There was Після дощу на вулиці уло надто агато води ти уло важко — досить; вживається після прикметників та ін и прислівників перед іменниками Напр.: 1. He works hard . — ін прац є досить наполегливо 2. She hasn’t got money. — она має недостатньо гро ей

Модальні дієслова (Modal Verbs) До модальни дієслів належать та ін і одальні дієслова ма ть такі осо ливості не ма ть часови орм май утнього часу тривали і пер ектни часів утвор ть питальну і заперечну орми ез допоміжни дієслів питальній ормі модальне дієслово ставиться перед підметом Hanp.: I stay? — и повинна я зали итися I come in? ожна увійти she read? она вміє читати заперечній ормі частка not вживається езпосередньо після дієслова Hanp.: You not go. Не speak English. She not leave. 187 187

Grammar Reference і с о а Дієслово вживається для вираження можливості вміння нео іційного про ання/дозволу щось ро ити в тепері ньому часі Hanp.: She read. — она вміє читати I borrow your pen? ожна скористатися твоє ручко Дієслово са має орму минулого часу . вживається для виражен ня можливості вміння ввічливого про ання/дозволу щось ро ити в минулому часі Hanp.: Не play sports when he was young. you help me, please? I use your phone? і с о а Дієслово вживається для вираження можливості о іційного про ання/ дозволу щось ро ити Напр.: I go there by train. I have a glass of water? — I use your phone? — Certainly you . I run my own business. і с о а Дієслово рекомендації Напр.: You

вживається для вираження морального о ов’язку поради чи to help her. — ам слід допомогти їй

Question

Negative

Positive

Займенники some, any, no та їхні похідні (Pronouns some, any, no and their derivatives) some, any, no

+ thing

some – який не удь деякий кілька декілька no = not any – ні ніякий не

something – що не удь щось дещо

any який не удь

anything – що не удь удь що щось

188 188

nothing = not anything – нічого ніщо

+ body; + one somebody, someone – тось, то-не удь nobody = no one ні то

anybody, anyone – то не удь

+ where

somewhere – десь де не удь кудись куди не удь nowhere = not ... anywhere ніде нікуди anywhere – де не удь удь де десь куди не удь кудись

+ how

somehow як не удь

nohow – ніяк у жодному разі anyhow якимсь чином як не удь

Grammar Reference

Кількісні числівники (Cardinal Numerals) Simple

Derived

1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four

13 thirteen 14 fourteen

6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 100 a (one) hundred 1,000 a (one) thousand

16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty

Composite 79 seventy-nine 8,007 eight thousand and seven 9,000 nine thousand

60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety

Прийменники часу (Prepositions of Time) — до вказує на час завер ення дії Напр.: He had read the book Sunday. — ін прочитав книжку до неділі — перед, до означає що якась дія від улася рані е за ін у Напр.: My mother had cooked dinner I came. — оя мама приготувала о ід до того як я прий ов — після означає що якась дія від улася пізні е за ін у Напр.: that we’ll go home. — Після того ми підемо додому

Ought to for duty or correctness when criticising / ought to for probability 1.

should We use ought to to say what is the right thing to do. You She

say sorry. do her homework before playing games.

(expecting something is true) We also use ought to when we think something is likely to happen or be true. ’ She studied hard, so she

arrive soon. pass the test.

189 189

IRREGULAR VERBS be [bɪ] become [bɪˈkʌm] begin [bɪˈɡɪn] blow [bləʊ] break [breɪk] bring [brɪŋ] build [bɪld] buy [baɪ] catch [kætʃ ] choose [tʃuːz] come [kʌm] cut [kʌt] do [də] draw [drɔː] drink [drɪŋk] drive [draɪv] eat [iːt] fall [fɔːl] feed [fiːd] [faɪt] [faɪnd] [flaɪ] forget [fəˈɡet] forgive [fəˈɡɪv] freeze [friːz] get [ɡet] give [ɡɪv] go [ɡəʊ] have [həv] hide [haɪd] hear [hɪə(r)] keep [kiːp] know [nəʊ] lay [leɪ] learn [lɜːn] leave [liːv] lend [lend] let [let] lie [laɪ] 190 190

was [wəz], were [wə(r)] became [bɪˈkeɪm] began [bɪˈɡæn] blew [bluː] broke [brəʊk] brought [brɔːt] built [bɪlt] bought [bɔːt] caught [kɔːt] chose [tʃəʊz] came [keɪm] cut [kʌt] did [dɪd] drew [druː] drank [dræŋk] drove [drəʊv] ate [et] fell [fel] fed [fed] fought [fɔːt] found [faʊnd] [fluː] forgot [fəˈɡɒt] forgave [fəˈɡeɪv] froze [frəʊz] got [ɡɒt] gave [ɡeɪv] went [went] had [həd] hid [hɪd] heard [hɪə(r)] kept [kept] knew [njuː] laid [leɪd] learnt [lɜːnt] learned [lɜːnd] left [left] lent [lent] let [let] lay [leɪ]

been [biːn] с [bɪˈkʌm] begun [bɪˈɡʌn] blown [bləʊn] broken [ˈbrəʊkən] brought [brɔːt] built [bɪlt] bought [bɔːt] caught [kɔːt] chosen [ˈtʃəʊzn] come [kʌm] cut [kʌt] done [dʌn] drawn [drɔːn] drunk [drʌŋk] driven [ˈdrɪvn] eaten [iːtn] fallen [ˈfɔːlən] fed [fed] fought [fɔːt] found [faʊnd] [fləʊn] forgotten [fəˈɡɒtn] forgiven [fəˈɡɪvn] frozen [ˈfrəʊzn] got [ɡɒt] given [ˈɡɪvn] gone [ɡɒn] had [həd] hidden [hɪdn] heard [hɪə(r)] kept [kept] known [nəʊ] laid [leɪd] learnt [lɜːnt] learned [lɜːnd] left [left] lent [lent] let [let] lain [leɪn]

ути ставати починати ся дути з ламати приносити удувати купувати ловити с піймати ви ирати при одити різати ро ити тягти мал вати пити гнати ї ати їсти падати годувати итися оротися зна одити літати за увати ви ачати прощати замерзати одержувати давати іти іти геть мати овати ся чути тримати з ерігати знати класти покласти вчити щось вивчати зали ати позичати комусь пускати дозволяти лежати

Irregular Verbs

make [meɪk] mean [miːn] meet [miːt] pay [peɪ] put [pʊt] read [riːd] ride [raɪd] rise [raɪz] run [rʌn] say [seɪ] see [siː] sell [sel] send [send] set [set]

made [meɪd] meant [ment] met [met] paid [peɪd] put [pʊt] read [riːd] rode [rəʊd] rose [rəʊz] ran [ræn] said [sed] saw [sɔː] sold [səʊld] sent [sent] set [set]

made [meɪd] meant [ment] met [met] paid [peɪd] put [pʊt] read [riːd] ridden [ˈrɪdn] risen [raɪzn] run [rʌn] said [sed] seen [siːn] sold [səʊld] sent [sent] set [set]

shine [ʃaɪn] shoot [ʃuːt] show [ʃəʊ] sing [sɪŋ] sink [sɪŋk]

shone [ʃɒn] shot [ʃɒt] showed [ʃəʊd] sang [sæŋ] sank [sæŋk]

shone [ʃɒn] shot [ʃɒt] shown [ʃəʊn] sung [sʌŋ] sunk [sʌŋk]

sit [sɪt] sleep [sliːp] speak [spiːk] spend [spend]

sat [sæt] slept [slept] spoke [spəʊk] spent [spent]

sat [sæt] slept [slept] spoken [ˈspəʊkən] spent [spent]

stand [stænd] sweep [swiːp] swim [swɪm] take [teɪk] teach [tiːtʃ] tell [tel]

stood [stʊd] swept [swept] swam [swæm] took [tʊk] taught [tɔːt] told [təʊld]

stood [stʊd] swept [swept] swum [swʌm] taken [teɪkn] taught [tɔːt] told [təʊld]

think [θɪŋk] throw [θrəʊ] understand [ˌʌndəˈstænd] wake [weɪk]

thought [θɔːt] threw [θruː] understood [ˌʌndəˈstʊd] woke [wəʊk] waked [wəʊkd] wore [wɔː(r)] won [wʌn] wrote [rəʊt]

thought [θɔːt] thrown [θrəʊn] understood [ˌʌndəˈstʊd] woken [wəʊkn] waked [wəʊkd] worn [wJn] won [wʌn] written [ˈrɪtn]

wear [weə(r)] win [wɪn] write [raɪt]

ро ити означати зустрічати платити класти ставити читати їздити вер и вставати ігти говорити сказати ачити продавати посилати ставити установл вати світити сяяти стріляти влучити показувати співати спускати ся занур ватися сидіти спати говорити витрачати проводити час стояти зна одитися мести мчати плавати пливти рати взяти учити навчати розповідати говорити думати кидати розуміти вважати прокидатися удити носити одяг вигравати писати 191 191

ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN DICTIONARY

UNIT 1 AUTOBIOGRAPHY [əˈkaʊnt] ра унок [əˈtʃiːvmənt] досягнення [ədˈvaɪs] порада [ˈædʌlt] дорослий [əˈɡriː] погоджуватися [ɔːlˈðəʊ] оча [ˈænsestər] предок [əˈraɪv] при увати [ˈɔːdɪəns] аудиторія [ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfɪ] авто іогра ія [ɔːˈθɒrətɪ] авторитет [əˈwɔːd] нагорода [ˈbækɡraʊnd] тло [beə(r)] нести [bɪˈheɪv] поводитися [bɪˈliːv] вірити [bɪl] законопроєкт [bɜːθ] народження [kəˈmɑːnd] команда [kənˈkluːʒn] висновок [ˈkʌstəm] звичай [dɪˈfaɪn] визначати [dɪˈpend] залежати [dɪˈskrɪptɪv] о разний [dɪˈskʌvərəd] виявлений [dɪˈvaɪn] пророкувати [ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃn] освіта [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)] зіткнення [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] займатися [ˈendʒɪn] двигун [ˌentəˈteɪnmənt] розвага [ɪˈvent] подія 192 192

[ɪkˈspekt] очікувати [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] досвід [ˈfluːənt] по іжний [ɡeɪn] досягати [ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] покоління [ɡes] здогад [hɑːm] кода [ˈɒnɪst] чесний [hjuːdʒ] величезний [ɪɡˈnɔː(r)] ігнорувати [ˈɪmpækt] вплив [ɪnˈkluːd] містити в со і [ˈɪnfluəns] вплив [ɪnˈspaɪə(r)] нади ати [ɪnˈsʌlt] о раза [kiː] кл ч [ˈkɪndəɡɑːtn] дитячий садок [ˈletɪŋ] здача в оренду [laɪk] л ити [lɪst] список [lɑːf] сміятися [mɑːk] знак [ˈmenʃn] згадувати [maɪnd] розум [mɪsəd] пропущений [nəˈreɪt] оповідати [ˈnærətɪv] розповідь [ˈneɪbəhʊd] сусідство [nest] гніздо [nəʊt] примітка [ɒf] вільний час [ˈaʊtlʊk] світогляд [ˈəʊvəvjuː] огляд [pəˈtɪkjələ(r)] зокрема [pəˈmɪsɪv] що дозволяє

English-Ukrainian Dictionary [prɪˈdɪkʃn] прогноз [prɪˈfɜː(r)] надавати перевагу [ˈpʌnɪʃ ] карати [ˈrɑːðə(r)] рад е [ˈriːəlaɪz] усвідомл вати [ˌrekəˈlekt] згадувати [rɪˈzembləns] с ожість [rɪˈzɔːt] курорт [rɪˈdɪkjələs] смі ний [ˈsɑːmpl] зразок [sens] почуття [ʃeɪm] гань а [ʃeɪp] орма [sɪnˈsɪə(r)] щирий [ˈsʌmbədɪ] тось [ˈspeɪʃəs] просторий [ˈspeʃl] осо ливий [ˈtɑːɡɪt] ціль [θiːm] тема [triːt] лікувати [trɪk] тр к [ˈtraɪˈlɪŋɡwəl] тримовний [trʌst] довіра [twɪst] скручувати [ˈʌɡlɪnəs] потворність [ˌʌndəˈteɪk] здійсн вати [juˈniːk] унікальний [ˌʌnˈlaɪk] на відміну від [ˈvæljuː] цінність [vəˈraɪətɪ] різноманітність [vjuː] вид [wɜːld] світ оскільки розійтись ви овувати

культурне тло а о а о за иратися з

виростати мати щось спільне тримати подалі сміятися над здо ути науку видаватися стур ованим доволі агато повертатися написаний про самого се е прийняти рі ення займатися чимось

UNIT 2

CINEMA AND THEATRE [əˈtʃiːvd] досягнутий [əˈtʃiːv] досягати до иватися [ˈænɪmeɪt] оживляти [ˈænjuəl] щорічний [əˈpɔɪntmənt] призначення на посаду [ˈɔːdɪəns] аудиторія глядачі [əˈwɔːd] нагорода [ˈbælkənɪ] алкон [ˈbɪlbɔːd] рекламний щит [bɒks] партер [kɑːst] склад виконавців “ [ˌsɪndəˈrelə] Попел ка [kəˈmɜːʃl] рекламне оголо ення [kənˈdʌkt] поведінка [ˈkɜːtn] завіса [dəˈrektə(r)] режисер [ˌdɒkjuˈmentrɪ] докумен тальний ільм 193 193

English-Ukrainian Dictionary [ˈdrɔːɪŋ] мал нок [dres ˈsɜːkl] ельетаж [ɪnˈdɪərɪŋ] прива ливий [feɪm] слава популярність [hɪˈleərɪəs] веселий гучний смі ний [hʌnt] пол вання [ɪmˈpreʃn] враження [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl] індивід [ˈləʊnlɪ] самотній [ˈmemərɪ] пам’ять [ˈmɪstrɪ] детектив [ˈaʊtlaɪn] опис в загальни риса [pəˈfɔːməns] вистава [pɪt] ам ітеатр [ˈpleɪbɪl] театральна а і а [ˈpleɪraɪt] драматург [prɪˈfɜː(r)] надавати перевагу [ˈprɒmptə(r)] су лер [rɪˈleɪʃn] стосунок [sæŋk] затонулий [ˈsiːnərɪ] декорації [ˈskriːnpleɪ] сценарій [sɪŋk] тонути [smæʃ ] громити [spekˈteɪtə(r)] глядач [steɪdʒ] сцена [strʌk] вражений [səˈpəʊzd] перед ачуваний [ˈθɪətə(r)] театр [trænsˈfɜː(r)] передавати [ˈtrævəlɒɡ] ільм про по дорожі [ˈʌltɪmət] остаточний [en'sickəb(ə)l] який не тоне

194 194

[ˈvæljuː] цінність [ˈvɪktɪm] жертва [ˈwedɪŋ] весілля

пригодницький

ільм мультиплікаційний ільм голими руками театральна каса оживати кінокомедія ду льований ільм — удожній ільм езтур отний ільм жа ів під опіко переглядати адам аттер ляй під ирати науково попу лярний

ільм — “ омео і Джуль

єтта” тастичний

науково ан ільм зму увати опустити очі змивати виле — “Спляча кра

суня” стерео ільм ойовик ути враженим зако атися

English-Ukrainian Dictionary

UNIT 3 LITERATURE [əˈkjuːmjəleɪt] накопичувати [əˈtʃiːvmənt] досягнення [əˈkweɪntəns] знайомство [ˈænjuəl] щорічний [ænˈtɪsɪpeɪtəd] очікуваний [ˈɑːtɪkl] стаття [əˈtempt] ро ити спро у [əˈtɜːnɪ] адвокат [ˈɔːθə(r)] автор [ˈbenɪfɪt] вигода [bɪˈtreɪ] зраджувати [ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ] за опливий [briːd] порода [ˈtʃɪmnɪ] димо ід [ˈsɜːkəmstəns] о ставина [klaɪm] підйом [ˈkɒləm] стовпчик [ˌkɒmprɪˈhend] осягати [kənˈveɪ] вкладати [kənˈvɪnst] переконаний [ˈkjʊərɪəslɪ] дивно [ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd] присвячений [dɪˈfens] о орона [dɪˈlɪvə(r)] доставляти [dɪˈskʌʃn] о говорення про леми дискусія [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd] розчарований [drʌɡ] ліки [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ] прива ливий [ɪˈnɔːməslɪ] надзвичайно [ɪnˈrɪtʃ ] з агачувати [ɪˈvɒlv] евол ціонувати [ɪkˈsaɪt] викликати [ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd] втомлений [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] досвід

[ɪkˈstɪŋkt] вимерлий [fəˈsɪlətɪz] можливості засо и о слуговування зручності [ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ] чарівний [ɡeɪz] вдивлятися [ˈɡrɪpɪŋ] за опливий [ɡest] гість [ˈhæbɪt] звичка [ɪmˈpɑːsəbl] непро ідний [ɪmˈpresɪv] вража чий [ɪnˈkredəbl] неймовірний [ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn] нат нення нади ання [ɪnˈstrʌkʃn] навчання настанова [ɪnˈstrʌktɪv] повчальний [ɪnˈtensətɪ] інтенсивність [ɪnˈvɒlv] залучати [læk] відсутність [laɪˈbreərɪən] і ліотекар [ˈlaɪftaɪm] все життя [ˌmæɡəˈziːn] журнал [meɪnˈteɪn] підтримувати [məˈnɪpjuleɪt] маніпул вати керувати [ˈmænə(r)] манера [maɪnd] розум [muːd] настрій ро ити щось [muːn] місяць [naɪˈiːv] наївний [ˈnɒvl] роман по утовий реаліс тичний [ˈpæsɪdʒ] уривок [ˈpaʊəfl] потужний [prəˈvaɪd] за езпечувати [pəˈsjuː] переслідувати [rɪˈdjuːs] змен увати [rɪˈfreʃ ] освіжати [rɪˈmeɪn] зали атися 195 195

English-Ukrainian Dictionary — щорічні

[rɪˈprəʊtʃ ] дорікати

[rɪˈsɜːtʃ ] дослідження

[rɪˈvjuː] огляд

[rəʊm] лукати

[rəʊˈmæns] роман тичний рицарський

— апел вати до

мати значний успі — стати націо

антас

[ˈseɪlə(r)] матрос

[sɪˈlekt] від ирати до ирати

місць

членські внески

[ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ] огляд визначни

нальним ітом — варто щось зро ити — оповідання у картинка і діалога Громадянська війна

[saɪts] визначні місця

[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt] визначальний

[səˈsaɪətɪ] суспільство

[ˈspelbaʊnd] заворожений

[ˈspɪrɪt] настрій ду евний стан

[steɪdʒd] поставлений на сцені [striːm] потік

[straɪk] страйк

[səbˈskrɪpʃn] передоплата

[səkˈsiːd] досягати успі у

мати справу з —а о

— удожня література і документальна проза історії про привидів — до ро і зло — система видань і каталогування — і ліотечні

[ˈsuːtəbl] під одящий [səˈvaɪvl] виживання

[ˈtenʃn] напруженість

[ˈθɜːstɪ] спраглий

[ˈθʌrə] ретельний

[ˈθrɪlə(r)] сенсаційний особл. детективний роман [ˈtaɪtnəs] напруженість

[ˈtraɪʌmf] перемога торжество

[ˈtrʌbl] про лема

[ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl] неймовірний

[ˈvæljuːs] цінності [ˈwɪkɪd] злий

[ˈwɪzdəm] мудрість

[ˈwɜːkʃɒp] майстерня

196 196

онди

— національний іт

[səˈpɔːt] підтримка

[ˈsɜːfɪs] повер ня

а о

— ез сумніву — документальна проза — при уток від — наукова

антастика

— ду овне життя

— страждати від — рати участь — завдяки — викликати смі — розсла ляти і приносити задово лення правдивий реалістичний злий недо рий світ

English-Ukrainian Dictionary

UNIT 4

TRAVELLING [əˈbrɔːd] за кордоном [əˈkleɪmd] проголо ений [əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn] розмі щення [əˈkaʊnt] ра унок [ækˈtɪvətɪ] діяльність [ədˈmɪʃn] в ід доступ [ədˈmɪtɪd] визнаний [ænˈtiːk] антикваріат [əˈpɪərəns] зовні ній вигляд [əˈpɔɪntmənt] призначення [əˈprɒksɪmətlɪ] при лизно [əˈreɪndʒ] організовувати [əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ] дивовижний [əˈtrækʃn] атракціон [əˈveɪləbl] доступний [beɪk] випікати [bed] клум а [ˈbɜːdwɒtʃɪŋ] спостере ження за пта ами [bɔɪl] кип’ятити [briːf] короткий [ˈbʌndʒɪ] анджі [ˈkæmpɪŋ] кемпінг та ір [ˈkæmpsaɪt] кемпінг [ˈkɑːnɪvl] карнавал [ˈkɑːsl] замок [kəˈθiːdrəl] со ор [tʃɑːdʒ] стягувати [ˈtʃɑːmɪŋ] чарівний [kəʊtʃ ] тренер [kəʊst] уз ережжя [kəˈlektəbl] предмет колек ціонування [ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn] змагання [kəˈnekʃn] підкл чення

[ˈkʌvə(r)] о кладинка [krɑːft] ремесло [ˈkrɑːftsmənʃɪp] майстер ність [ˈkriːtʃə(r)] істота [ˈkʌrənsɪ] вал та [dɪˈlɪʃəs] дуже смачний [ˈdɜːtɪ] рудний [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd] розчарований [ˈdɪskəʊ] дискотека [ˈdɪskaʊnt] знижка [dɪˈspleɪ] дисплей [ɪmˈbærəst] з ентежений [ɪˈmɜːdʒənsɪ] крайня нео ідність [ˌentəˈteɪnmənt] розвага [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt] навколи нє середовище [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt] експонат [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] тут відчувати [fəˈsɪlətɪz] зручності [ˈfaɪəwɜːk] еєрверк [fraɪ] смажити [ˈfɜːnɪʃɪŋ] о становка [ɡrɪl] гриль [ˈɡaɪd] вести [ˈhændl] рати руко [ˈhæpən] траплятися [ˈhaɪlaɪt] основний момент [aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] іденти ікація [ˈɪɡnərənt] неосвічений [ɪnˈkluːd] містити [ˈɪnsekt] кома а [ˌɪntərˈæktɪv] інтерактивний [ɪnˈvenʃn] вина ід [ˈaɪlənd] острів 197 197

English-Ukrainian Dictionary [dʒʌdʒ] суддя [dʒʌmpɪŋ] стри ки [ˈlændskeɪp] пейзаж [ˈliːflət] листівка [ˈleʒə(r)] дозвілля [ˈləʊkl] місцевий [ləʊˈkeɪtɪd] розта ований [ˈmeɪnlænd] материк [ˈmænə(r)] маєток [ˈmɪzərɪ] нещастя [naɪts] уночі [əˈkeɪʒn] випадок [əˈkɜː(r)] від уватися [ˈɒfə(r)] пропозиція [ˈɔːtʃəd] руктовий сад [ˈɔːdə(r)] замовлення [ˈaʊtlʊk] кругозір [peɪnt] ар а [pɑːk] паркувати автомо іль [ˈpæʃn] пристрасть [pɑːθ] стежка [ˈpeɪəbl] який підлягає сплаті [ˈpedl] педаль [ˈpɒtərɪ] гончарство [prɪˈfɜː(r)] надавати перевагу [reɪs] перегони [reɪt] тари ціна [rɪˈsiːv] отримувати [ˈresəpɪ] рецепт [ˌriːkrɪˈeɪʃn] відпочинок [ˈrentl] оренда [ˌreprɪˈzentətɪv] пред ставник [rɪˈkwest] запит [rɪˈzɜːv] резерв [ˈrʊərəl] сільський [ˈsɑːmpl] зразок [skeəd] переляканий [sɜːf] кріпак 198 198

[ˈʃɒpɪŋ] відвідування магази нів з мето покупки [ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ] огляд визначни пам’яток [saɪn] знак [ˈsɪŋɡl/ ˈdʌbl] для одного / дво [saɪt] місце [sləʊp] с ил [smelɪŋ] н [ˈsɒkɪt] гніздо [ˈspiːʃiːz] вид [stɑːf] персонал [stænd] стояти [steɪ] зали атися w [stjuː] ту кувати [ˈstɒpəʊvə(r)] зупинка в дорозі [streɪndʒ] дивний [stʌf] ар ирувати [səˈdʒest] пропонувати [suːˈpɜːb] чудовий [səˈraʊnd] оточувати [səˈvaɪvl] виживання [ˈswɪmɪŋ] плавання [swaɪp] красти [tent] тент [ˈtʌtʃ skriːn] сенсорний екран [triːt] лікувати [ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtɪd] ненаселений [ˈvenjuː] місце зустрічі [vjuː] вид [ˈwɔːtəweɪ] водний ля [ˈwiːvɪŋ] ткацтво [wiːl] колесо [ˈwaɪldlaɪf] дика природа [ˈwʊdkɑːvɪŋ] різь а по дереву

English-Ukrainian Dictionary пригодницький туризм аква аеро іка заряджатися діловий туризм місце привалу кемпінг вечеря при свічка круїзний туризм культурно пізна вальний туризм залежати від екологічний ту ризм освітній туризм ітнес центр канікулярний туризм міжнародний туризм кл ч карта — виготовля чи речі та гра чи в ігри виїзний туризм катамаран паломницький туризм книга скарг підводне плавання одномісний / двомісний номер всі види масажу і спа послуг спа центр спеціалізо ваний туризм спортивний туризм ка е гриль асейн конкурс талантів

тематичний парк по їздка в музей а о удожн галере поїздка в тема тичний парк оздоровчий центр ра тинг

UNIT 5 SIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN [ədˈmaɪə(r)] милуватися, за опл ватися [ˈeɪnʃənt] давній [ˈɑːtɪfækts] арте акти [əˈtrækʃn] принада [ˈbætl] ій [bel] дзвін [ˈbɔːdə(r)] межа [ˈbʌrə] район [brɑːntʃ ] ілія [brɪdʒ] міст [ˈberɪ] закопувати [ˈkæpsjuːl] капсула [ˈklaɪmɪŋ] с одження [klɪp] підрізати [klɒk ˈtaʊə(r)] годинникова вежа [krɒs] перетинати [ded] мертвий [ˈdedɪkeɪt] присвячувати [dəʊm] купол [dəʊm ʃeɪpt] куполоподі ний [ɪˈnɔːməs] величезний [ɪˈrekt] споруджувати [ɪˈstæblɪʃ ] встановл вати [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn] виставка 199 199

English-Ukrainian Dictionary [ˈdʒaɪənt] велетенський [hɪl] пагор [ˈhjuːmən] л дина [ɪnˈkluːd] містити [ˈlændmɑːk] о ’єкт місцевості, що впадає у вічі [ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn] звільнення [ləʊˈkeɪt] розмістити [ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] головний [ˈmænjuskrɪpt] рукопис [mɪˈlenɪəm] тисячоліття [mɪs] невдача [ˌnevəðəˈles] проте [ˌəʊvəˈhed] високий [ˈpɑːləmənt] парламент [ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)] пасажир [piːk] пік [pəˈnɪnsjələ] півострів [ˈpɜːmənənt] постійний [ˈpɪdʒɪn] голу [ˈpleɪraɪt] драматург [ˈpəʊstkɑːd] листівка [prɪˈzɜːv] з ерігати [prəˈvaɪd] за езпечувати [ˈreɪlweɪ] залізниця [reɪndʒ] діапазон [ˈreɪvn] ворона [riːtʃ ] досягати [ˈrestrɒnt] ресторан [ˌrevəˈluːʃn] револ ція [rɒk] скеля [rəʊˈteɪt] о ертати [ˈrɔɪəl] королівський [ˈsɪtʃueɪt] розта овувати [ˈspɑːklɪŋ] лискучий [spekˈtækjələ(r)] е ектний [stɑː(r)] зірка [ˈsʌmɪt] зустріч на вищому рівні [ˈtaʊə(r)] вежа 200 200

[təˈsɔːds] ссо [ˈtwɪŋklɪŋ] мере тливий [ˈvælɪ] долина [vjuː] вид [ˈwɔːkweɪ] доріжка [wæks] віск — колядник — ци ер лат — колесо огляду — у подяку за — замість — по одити з — стосуватися чогось

UNIT 6 SIGHTS OF UKRAINE [ədˈmaɪə(r)] за опл ватися [ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)] ар ітектура [ˌɑːtɪˈzæn] ремісник [ˈbæstiən] астіон [bɪˈniːθ] під [bəʊst] валитися пи атися [ˈbɔːdə(r)] межа [brɪk] цегла [ˈkænən] каньйон гли ока уще лина [kɑːˌpeɪθiən] арпатський [ˈkɑːsl] замок [keɪv] печера [ˈsentʃərɪ] століття [tʃɜːtʃ ] церква [kəˈmeməreɪt] святку вати відзначати [kənˈteɪn] містити [krɪˈeɪt] створ вати [kwɪˈziːn] ку ня

English-Ukrainian Dictionary [ˈkʌrəntlɪ] в даний час [dɪˈfensɪv] о оронний [dɪˈstrɔɪ] знищувати [daɪˈvɜːs] різноманітний [ˌelɪˈveɪʃn] висота [ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt] середо вище [ɪˈkwɪp] о ладнувати [ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn] виставка [ɪɡˈzɪbɪt] експонат [ɪɡˈzɪstəns] існування [fiːd] постачати живити [fɜː(r)] ялиця ялина смерека [fɔːt] орт [ˈfɔːtɪfaɪŋ] що укріпл є [ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)] ме лі [ˈdʒaɪənt] велетенський [ˈɡlɔːrɪfaɪ] прославляти [hænd meɪd] ручної ро оти [hjuːdʒ] величезний [ˈhʌŋɡərɪ] горщина [ɪnˈkluːd] містити [ɪnˈhæbɪtənt] житель ме канець [ɪnˈveɪdə(r)] загар ник окупант [ˈaɪtəm] пункт [ləʊˈkeɪt] розмістити [lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs] розкі ний [melt] танути [məʊt] рів з водо [mʌŋk] мона [mjuˈzɪʃn] музикант [ˈnəʊbl] лагородний [aʊtˈstændɪŋ] видатний [pɔɪnt] точка [pəˈzes] володіти [reɪndʒ] ряд лінія [rɪˈmeɪn] зали атися [rɪˈməʊt] віддалений

[rɪˈvaɪvl] відродження [ˈsɑːmpl] про увати випро ову вати жість

[ˌsɪməˈlærəti] поді ність с о

[sləʊp] с ил

[sɔɪl] рунт

[spekˈtækjələ(r)] е ектний за опливий [sprɪŋ] скакати кидатися

[ˈstreŋθn] підсил вати зміцн вати [stretʃ ] розтягувати продовжу вати [səˈraʊnd] оточувати

[θruː] через

[traɪ] про увати

[juˈniːk] унікальний

[ˈvælɪ] долина

[vɑːst] значний величезний [weə(r)] виро и

[ˈwɔːtəfɔːl] водоспад

[ˈwɪndmɪl] млин

[ˈwɜːʃɪp] в ановування; поклоніння мати на увазі пам’я тати — священне місце — утвор вати становити — мощі

— музей на відкри

тому повітрі — ду овний центр — ути по ованим у приміщенні — озиратися — демонтовувати роз и рати 201 201

English-Ukrainian Dictionary

UNIT 7 SCHOOL SUBJECTS [ədˈvɑːns] досягнення [əˈfekt] впливати [əˈreɪndʒ] організовувати [ˈbɒdɪ] тіло [buːm] гул ум [brɑːntʃ ] ілія [ˈbriːdɪŋ] розведення [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] виклик [ˈsɪvl] цивільний [ˈkliːnə(r)] очищувач [kəˈmɑːnd] команда [ˈkɒmpɪtənsɪ] вправність [kəmˈpetətɪv] конкуренто спроможний [ˈkɒmplɪment] доповнення [ˈkɒnfɪdəns] впевненість [ˈkɒnsɪkwəns] наслідок [kənˈsjuːmə(r)] споживач [kənˈteɪn] містити [krɪˈeɪt] створ вати [ˈkʌrənt] течія [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] відкриття [ɜːθ] земля [ˈefət] зусилля [ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)] зіткнення [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] зао очувати [ɪnˈɡeɪdʒɪŋ] прива ливий [ɪˈstæblɪʃ ] створ вати [ˈevɪdəns] доказ [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns] досвід [ɪkˈsplɔː(r)] досліджувати [fiːld] поле [fərˈevə(r)] назавжди [ˈdʒiːnɪəs] геній [ɡləʊ] світіння 202 202

[ɡʊdz] товари [ˈɡʌvn] правити [ˈherɪtɪdʒ] спадок [ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃn] уява [ɪmˈpruːv] поліп увати [ɪnˈkriːsɪŋlɪ] все іль е і іль е [ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs] природні матеріали [ˈɪnfluəns] вплив [ɪnˈherɪt] успадковувати [ˈɪnsaɪt] розуміння [ɪnˈspaɪə(r)] нади ати [ˌɪntərˈækʃn] взаємодія [ˌɪntədɪˈpendənt] взаємозалежний [ɪnˈvenʃn] вина ід [ɪnˈvɒlv] залучати [kiːp] тримати [kɪŋ] король [ˈliːdəʃɪp] керівництво [ˈmænɪdʒmənt] управління [ˈmætə(r)] питання [ˈmedsn] медицина [ˈmaɪnɪŋ] видо уток [ˈniːtnəs] о айність [ˈnəʊtɪs] повідомлення [əbˈteɪn] отримувати [əˈkɜː(r)] від уватися [ˈəʊʃn] океан [pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt] рати участь [pəˈsweɪd] умовляти [plɑːnt] рослина [prəˈməʊt] сприяти [rɪˈleɪt] ставитися [rɪˈkwaɪə(r)] вимагати [rɪˈsɜːtʃ ] дослідження [rɪˈsɔːs] ресурс

English-Ukrainian Dictionary [seɪl] продаж [ʃeɪp] орма [sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns] значення [səˈsaɪətɪ] суспільство [sɒlv] вирі увати [saʊnd] звук [strɒŋ] сильний [səkˈses] успі [səˈplaɪ] за езпечувати [ˈsɜːfɪs] повер ня [triːt] лікувати [ˈjuːnɪvɜːs] всесвіт [ˈwɒrɪə(r)] воїн [wɔː(r)] війна [ˈwʌndə(r)] здивування

так до ре як о сяг мозку випливати з мати перевагу по утова імія йти в ногу з належним чином сонячна енергія — займати ро ота в о ісі

UNIT 8 MEDIA: THE INTERNET [əˈtætʃmənt] вкладення [kræʃ ] з ій [ˈsaɪbəbʊliɪŋ] кі ер улінг [ˈsaɪbəkraɪm] кі ерзлочин ність [dɪˈliːt] видалити [ˌdaʊnˈləʊd] завантажити [faɪl] айл

вання

[ˈhærəsmənt] пересліду

[ˈhɑːdweə(r)] апаратне за езпечення [ɪnˈsɜːt] вставити [ɪnˈventə(r)] вина ідник

[ˈmælweə(r) (məˈlɪʃəs ˈsɒftweə(r))] кідливе програмне за езпечення [ˌmɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃn] дезін ормація [ˌɒfˈlaɪn] о лайн [ˌɒnˈlaɪn] онлайн [ˈfɪʃɪŋ] і инг [ˈsɒftweə(r)] програмне за езпечення [səbˈskraɪb] підписатися [sɜːf] сер ити [ˈvaɪrəs] вірус [ˈvɜːtʃuəl riˈæləti] віртуальна реальність тучний інтелект доповнена реаль ність чат кімната — копі вати та вставляти ін ормаці а райство з кредитно картко крадіжка дани ци рове/онлайн піратство редагувати доку мент ейкові новини жорсткий диск крадіжка інтелектуальної власності 203 203

English-Ukrainian Dictionary езпека в інтернеті увійти/вийти закрити увійти вийти з акаунта інтернет речей

204 204

о ійти систему за исту комп’ тера по ир вати вкрасти чиїсь осо исті дані

CONTENTS REVISION mily. Working Day . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Reflexive Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Used to/would . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Past Perfect Tense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 UNIT 1. Prepositions of Time by, before, after . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Tag Questions (Simple Tenses) . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Tag Questions. Phrases for Expressing Likes/Dislikes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Tag Questions (Continuous Tenses) . . . . . . . . . 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Tag Questions (Perfect Tenses). . . . . . . . . . 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Self-Assessment Module 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 UNIT 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Theatre. Can/could, may/might . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Should/ought to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 sson 21. Favourite Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Self-Assessment Module 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 UNIT 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Negative Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 evchenko. Indefinite Pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Indefinite Pronouns (Derivatives) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Self-Assessment Module 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

CONTENTS UNIT 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 By vs with for means of doing something . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Present Perfect. Just, ever, yet, already . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Too/enough . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Self-Assessment Module 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 UNIT 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 As ... as, so ... as. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Ought to for duty or correctness when criticising / ought to for probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Self-Assessment Module 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 UNIT 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Phrases for Inviting, Accepting/Refusing . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 esson 56. St. Sophia’s Cathedral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Self-Assessment Module 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 UNIT 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Self-Assessment Module 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 UNIT 8. 69. The Birth of the World Wide Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 70. The Internet Possibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 Self-Assessment Module 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Supplementary Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Tapescripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Grammar Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Irregular Verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 English-Ukrainian Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

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