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Finally, Rafale contract to be signed From the editor’s DESK

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Indo-US joint military exercise Yudh Abhyas 2016

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Once the Inter-Government Agreement (IGA) is signed, India will get 36 Rafale aircraft from France, which is said to be worth 7.87 billion euros.

uri attack – same story, more lethal Page 8

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Finally, rafale contract to be signed DELENG/2010/34651

xercise Yudh Abhyas 2016, a joint military training exercise of Indian and US armies, commenced at Chaubattia, Uttarakhand. Indian and US soldiers stood side by side in an impressive military parade that saw the unfurling of the national flags of both countries while their national anthems Jana Gana Mana and The Star-Spangled Banner played. The joint contingent gave a ceremonial salute to the two senior most officers of the US and Indian side reviewing the ceremony. The US contingent is represented by a Company of 5th Infantry Battalion, 20 Infantry Regiment, 2 Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 7 Infantry Division, while the Indian side was represented by an Infantry Battalion. The Indian Brigade Commander welcomed the US soldiers and in his inaugural remarks highlighted the common shared beliefs of democracy, freedom, equality and justice that both countries cherish.

Vol: 6 Issue 18 ❚ September 16-30 • 2016

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Developments

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Security Breaches

Cover images: Dassault Aviation, earlytimesnews.com, Indian Navy

21/09/16 2:33 PM

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Company strength army personnel from the United States and an equal number of Indian soldiers are taking part in the two-week-long joint training exercise that will see them hone their tactical and technical skills in countering insurgency and terrorism in a UN peacekeeping scenario involving a combined deployment at a Brigade level. State-of-the-art equipment for surveillance and tracking, specialist weapons for close quarter battle with terrorists, explosive and lED detectors, as well as the latest communication equipments are being fielded by both contingents. Both sides will jointly train, plan and execute a series of well developed tactical drills for neutralisation of likely threats that may be encountered in UN peace keeping operations. The experts from both sides will also hold discussions to share each other’s experiences in varied topics for mutual interest. SP

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From the

Editor’s Desk

Rafale deal: IAF soon to get more muscle

ven as we close this edition of SP’s M.A.I., the Governments of India and France will soon be inking an Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) for the purchase of 36 Rafale fighter jets from Dassault Aviation. It will be historic as the two countries take forward their relationship to another level, even though the number of aircraft to be purchased is not the original 126 as part of the MMRCA (medium multi-role combat aircraft) deal, a deal which was shelved last year. The first of the omni-role fighter aircraft should be inducted into the Indian Air Force (IAF) between 2019 and 2023 and with this the number of squadrons would go up from 32 to 34, still running short of the 42 required squadron strength. While it is good that the IAF gets more muscle, the growing problem on hand is the terrorist strikes, from across the border that needs to be firmly countered. The dastardly attack on the Army base in Uri in which 18 soldiers were killed and 32 injured is a grim reminder of how this asymmetrical warfare has become a big challenge for the security forces, not just in India, but also the world over. Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd) in his viewpoint categorically mentions that Pakistan understands only the language of force and India’s use of conventional force is not the answer to subconventional threats. In another article, he mentions how India-Afghanistan cooperation is essential for stability of Afghanistan and the region, where rogue Pakistan refuses to mend her ways. The bone of contention has been Kashmir and Lt General V.K. Kapoor (Retd) in his analysis states that the present unrest in the valley for the past 70 days is aided and abetted by Pakistan to highlight and escalate the situation for global impact. He points out that the elected governments in India need to start performing if it has to win over the local people to ensure that Kashmir 4 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

remains an integral part of India. Air Marshal B.K. Pandey (Retd) in his viewpoint states that the root cause of the problem in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is the partition of India. In the last seven years, there have been as many as 20 major attacks in J&K by terrorist groups sponsored by Pakistan. As regards another neighbour, Nepal, efforts are on to reset the friendly ties and the visit of the Nepalese Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda has helped that process, after unease in the ties over the past few months. With regards to modernisation, Lt General Katoch writes that how the government should terminate the Reddy Commission which is looking into the One Rank One Pension (OROP) anomalies and work towards resolving anomalies of the 7th CPC within three to four months. All this and more in this issue of SP’s M.A.I. Happy reading!

Jayant Baranwal

Publisher & Editor-in-Chief www.spsmai.com

MILITARY Viewpoint

Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd)

Indo-Afghan friendship scales greater heights

fghanistan President Ashraf Ghani’s recent visit came at Afghanistan wants Pakistan to allow transportation of its fruits to a time when Pakistan’s exposure as a generator of ter- Attari and transfer to Indian trucks in a back to back arrangement, rorism has gained momentum. Not only have countries which can double or triple Afghanistan’s fruit exports to India. HowIndia, Afghanistan and Bangladesh pointed out Paki- ever, Pakistan has protested that this is not part of the trade and transtan as the crucible of terror, Prime Minister Narendra sit treaty the two countries have. Ghani’s visit was preceded by the visit of General Qadam Shah Modi’s recent statements at the G20 and ASEAN meets accusing Pakistan, without naming it, for terror attacks evoked no sympathy for Shahim, Afghan national Army Chief to India. During Ashraf Ghani’s Pakistan, not even by China, Saudi Arabia and Turkey who Pakistan visit, Prime Minister Modi offered Afghanistan a fresh $1 billion in economic assistance, reiterating India’s commitment to help considers her closest friends. To add to this, in candid discussions during a US Senate panel strengthen Afghanistan’s education, health, agriculture and other on September 9, US Senators openly accused Pakistan for killing sectors. Both leaders called for an end to sponsorship and support American soldiers in Afghanistan through proxies after perfidiously of terrorism without naming Pakistan; while discussing the regional skimming US taxpayer dollars. Calling Pakistan duplicitous and sup- situation they expressed grave concern at continued use of terrorported by expert witnesses, including a former CIA station chief who ism and violence in the region for achieving political objectives. In served in Islamabad, they threatened further aid cuts to Pakistan general, both called upon the concerned to put an end to all sponsorthat has long lived on American and western doles when it is not ship, support, safe havens and sanctuaries to terrorists, including for extending its begging bowl towards Saudi Arabia and China for more those who target Afghanistan and India, however, the indirect specrumbs. Separately, US State Department Deputy Spokesman Mark cific was obviously aimed at Pakistan. Both sides also signed three agreements – extradition treaty, Toner asked Pakistan to act against terror groups targeting its neighbours and not just the ones that pose a threat to it, alleging Pakistan cooperation in civil and commercial matters and the memorandum of understanding on cooperation in peaceful uses of outer space. was going after terror groups ‘selectively’. General John W. Nicholson, heading US and NATO forces in Both leaders said they looked forward to the resumption of India-USAfghanistan, recently called for India to step up security assistance to Afghanistan consultations in New York later this month. While there Afghanistan. Smarting under such call, Pakistani English newspaper was no mention of weapons and armament support to Afghanistan, The Nation reported that Islamabad had warned the Barack Obama latter’s priority wish list includes more utility and attack helicopters, Administration that “Preferring New Delhi over Islamabad could artillery, ammunition and spares in addition help in reviving some hamper the global campaign against terror” – warning by a minion of the Soviet era factories India may be open in supplying such hardware, but in case of Russian-origin hardware technical support and that refuses to shut down her terror hatcheries. Modi had visited Afghanistan in June to inaugurate the $290-mil- provision of spares need to be coordinated with Moscow through lion hydroelectric India-Afghanistan Friendship Dam (earlier called a three-way discussion. India, the fifth largest bilateral donor in Salma Dam), and inaugurated Afghanistan’s new Parliament com- Afghanistan, has been a key supporter of Kabul’s government and plex in Kabul in December last, built by India at estimated cost of $90 has poured more than $2 billion into the country since the Taliban million. Just before his visit to India, Ghani during his meeting with was toppled in 2001. At a time when the Pakistan supported Owen Jenkins, UK’s Special Envoy for AfghaniTaliban is making gains in Afghanistan and the stan and Pakistan, had stated, “If Pakistan does India-Afghanistan Afghan Government is under intense pressure not allow Afghan traders to use the Wagah from multiple terror groups like ISIS, Al Qaeda, border for imports and exports of their goods, cooperation is Afghan and Pakistan Taliban, as well as Pakistan Afghanistan will also not allow Pakistan to use based Haqqani Network, LeT, JeM, LeJ etc, all in Afghan transit routes to reach Central Asia and essential for stability the backdrop of poor economic situation, pendother countries for exports.” of Afghanistan and ing political reforms and parliamentary elecTrade with India through the land route via tions, India-Afghanistan cooperation is essential Wagah will help uplift Afghan economy as also the region, where for stability of Afghanistan and the region, where individual Afghani entrepreneurs trading with rogue Pakistan rogue Pakistan refuses to mend her ways. SP India. Afghanistan’s goods, mostly fresh fruits are offloaded in Wagah and then carried in carts refuses to mend up to Attari and loaded on again, adding to the The views expressed herein are the personal views transportation cost and significant spoilage. of the author. her ways Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 5

MILITARY Report

Finally, Rafale contract to be signed

Dassault Rafale: Omni-role capable combat-proven fighter

photographs: Dassault Aviation, PIB

[ By R. Chandrakanth ]

inally, we get to hear that the much-delayed Rafale deal will be signed on September 23, 2016. Once the InterGovernment Agreement (IGA) is signed, India will get 36 Rafale aircraft from France, for which its Defence Minister Jean Yves Le Drian, along with the CEOs of Dassault Aviation, Thales and MBDA are going to be in New Delhi for signing of the contract which is said to be worth 7.87 billion euros. After protracted negotiations, which have been going on for months, it is said that India has been able to save a significant amount on the deal. According to mainline media, the cost, offsets and service details have been finalised and work is currently being done on the IGA. A 6 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

‘working team’ from France is in New Delhi going through the contract with Indian officials. Subsequently, the firmed up document goes to the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCA) for final clearance. Following the Committee’s approval, a contract should be signed within 45 days. An advance of 10-15 per cent of total contract value is expected to be paid to the French Government at the signing of the contract.

MMRCA Deal Scrapped

It may be recalled that India had set afloat the MMRCA (medium multi-role combat aircraft) deal for 126 aircraft, said to be ‘mother of all deals’. The proposal for 126 advanced combat aircraft worth $10.4 billion was first mooted in the year 2000. Six aircraft were bid for the order – the Swedish Saab Gripen, Eurofighter Typhoon, French Daswww.spsmai.com

MILITARY Report sault Rafale; Russian Mikoyan MiG-35 and the American F-16IN and F/A-18N Super Hornet. In 2012, Dassault’s Rafale was selected for India’s single largest defence deal. But then protracted negotiations failed. When the Narendra Modi Government came to power, it was decided in a surprise move by the Prime Minister that India would buy 36 Rafale aircraft from France, thus shelving the 126 aircraft deal and throwing open doors for other options. Right now, the priority is acquisition of the 36 Rafale aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF) which has a depleted squadron strength of 32 as against an authorisation of 42. With the induction of Rafale, the squadron strength is to go up from 32 to 34, still leaving a big gap. There are a number of contenders for the slot including the indigenous light combat aircraft (LCA) Tejas or Sweden’s Gripen or the US F-16, all of the foreign contenders will have to come under the ‘Make in India’ route. With the squadron strength being what it is, there is a sense of urgency and the importance of the signing of the IGA for the omnirole Rafale jets. The aircraft is known for its ‘strategic’ role of carrying nuclear warheads. The 36 aircraft would be inducted into IAF between 2019 and 2023. It is stated in the media that Dassault Aviation will invest 50 per cent of the value of the deal as offsets in India which will help create business worth at least three billion Euros for Indian companies. The Rafale has the advantage of being logistically and operationally similar to the Mirage 2000, which the IAF already operates and used with great success during the Kargil War in Operation Safed Sagar. This would require fewer changes in the existing infrastructure of the IAF, which reduces costs.

– ‘ Survivability’, that is the capability to survive in a dense threat environment thanks to stealthiness and/or to advanced electronic warfare systems. The ‘Omni-role’ Rafale combines all these advantages: it is relevant against both traditional and asymmetrical threats, it addresses the emerging needs of the armed forces in a changing geopolitical context, and it remains at the forefront of technical innovation. Of a moderate size, yet extremely powerful, superbly agile and very discreet, the latest type of combat aircraft does not only integrate the largest and most modern range of sensors, it also multiplies their efficiency with a technological breakthrough, the ‘multi-sensor data fusion’.

Combat Proven

From 2006 to 2011, French Air Force and Navy Rafale fighter were engaged in countless combat missions in Afghanistan where they demonstrated a very high proficiency and a tangible military value. In 2011, French Air Force and French Navy Rafale fighters were successfully engaged in coalition operations over Libya. They were

Many Air Forces Find Rafale Useful

The French aircraft manufacturer has been aggressive in its bid to India, that the aircraft has proven roles in combat. Over the last decades, air forces have always been the first military component engaged in all crises or conflicts, from the Falklands to the Gulf, from Bosnia to Kosovo, from Afghanistan to Libya, and more recently Mali, the West African Republic, and Iraq. Dassault Aviation states that the Rafale, with its ‘Omni-role’ capabilities, is the right answer to the capability approach selected by an increasing number of governments. It fully complies with the requirement to carry out the widest range of roles with the smallest number of aircraft. It participates in permanent ‘Quick Reaction Alert’/air defence/air sovereignty missions, power projection and deployments for external missions, deep strike missions, air support for ground forces, reconnaissance missions, pilot training sorties and nuclear deterrence duties. The air force single-seat Rafale C, the air force two-seat Rafale B, and the navy single-seat Rafale M feature maximum airframe and equipment commonality, and very similar mission capabilities.

Omni-role

Rafale states that lessons learned from the latest conflicts where air power was used can be summarised into four overarching expectations about weapon systems by political decision makers: – ‘Versatility’, that is the capability, with the same system, to perform different missions. – ‘Interoperability’, or the ability to fight in coalition with the allies, using common procedures and standards agreements, and collaborating and communicating in real-time with other systems. – ‘Flexibility’, which can be illustrated by the ability to conduct several different missions in the course of the same sortie (‘Omni-role’ capability). With this capability, it is possible to switch instantly on the demand of a political decision maker, from a coercion mission (‘strike force’) to a preventive mission (a dissuasive low-altitude, high-speed ‘show of force’), or even to cancel a mission until the last second (reversibility).

President Pranab Mukherjee and Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the chief guest of Republic Day President of France François Hollande at Rajpath in New Delhi on January 26, 2016

the first fighters to operate over Benghazi and Tripoli, and they carried out the whole spectrum of missions the Rafale was designed for: air-superiority, precision strikes with HAMMERS and laserguided bombs, deep strike with SCALP cruise missiles, intelligence, surveillance, tactical acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR) and strike coordination and reconnaissance (SCAR). During the Libyan conflict, hundreds of targets – tanks, armoured vehicles, artillery emplacements, storage dumps, command centres and air defence systems (SA-3 Goa and SA-8 Gecko fixed and mobile SAM launchers) – were hit with devastating accuracy by Rafale aircrews. They have also played a leading role in Mali, helping destroy enemy infrastructure and support friendly troops in contact. More recently, Rafales were engaged in support of peace-keeping operations in the Western African Republic, and as part of a wide international coalition in Iraq. SP Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 7

MILITARY Viewpoint

Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd)

Uri attack – Same story, more lethal

Home Minister Rajnath Singh reviewing the security situation in Jammu and Kashmir in the wake of terror attack in Uri in New Delhi on September 18, 2016

photographs: PIB

n a well planned and coordinated terrorist attack Pakistan struck the army camp in Uri in the early hours of September 18, 2016. Eighteen soldiers are already reported dead and 32 injured. The killed count is likely to rise since the injured have suffered severe burn injuries. The terrorists surprised the camp spraying lobbing incendiary grenades and then spraying bullets, some of the grenades setting the diesel dump on fire. Thirteen of those reportedly killed were in two tents that caught fire. The four terrorists were eventually gunned down. According to the Director General Military Operations (DGMO), all four attackers were foreigners and had items with Pakistani markings, adding, “Initial reports indicate that the slain terrorists belong to Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM). Four AK-47 rifles and four under-barrel grenade launchers were recovered.” In addition the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) Police sources said a detailed map, GPS, explosives (RDX and TNT), a matrix sheet of codes and notes in Pashto had also been recovered from the slain terrorists. As per intelligence officials, seven Pakistani terrorists had infiltrated into J&K in August and it is believed that those three who were not part of Sunday’s suicide mission might have taken shelter in nearby villages of Uri. Our media is hyper about: one, Indian Army naming JeM with JeM chief Masood Azhar patronised by ISI and accused of masterminding the Pathankot terror strike in January this year put the spot-

8 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

light more on Pakistan, and; two, the terror attack sets the stage for an India-Pakistan showdown at the UN General Assembly (UNGA) this week where Nawaz Sharif plans to rake up Kashmir and External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj would respond by pointing to Pakistan’s support to terror. But the question is so what? Slanging matches at UNGA have little meaning when the UN has not even been able to force Pakistani security forces to vacate Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) as required under the 1949 UN Resolution on Kashmir. As of now, neither the US is going to declare Pakistan a terrorist state, nor is it going to impose sanctions with latter already made clear by the US. This is the ground position despite US personnel getting killed in Afghanistan through Pakistani proxies and a US Senate panel accusing Pakistan of playing a double game. Pakistan has already parried Indian accusations of involvement in the Uri attack by asking for “actionable evidence”. But when Pakistan has refused to act against the perpetrators of the 26/11 Mumbai terrorist attack, Parliament terrorist attack, Pathankot IAF airbase strike and several others despite India providing actionable intelligence, hardly anything remains to be said. J&K’s Chief Minister says the Uri terrorist attack is to “create a warlike situation in J&K”. Wonder if she realises that J&K has been in a warlike situation over past three decades and hybrid war which has irregular and proxy forces is and will be the form of conflict in the foreseeable future. Late M.K. Dhar, former Joint Director of the Intelligence Bureau www.spsmai.com

MILITARY Viewpoint Indian soldiers martyred in Uri on September 18, 2016

Havildar Nimb Singh Rawat 6 Bihar Rajasthan

Havildar Ashok Kumar Singh 6 Bihar Bihar

Naik Sunil Kumar Vidharthi 6 Bihar Bihar

Sepoy Ganesh Shankar 6 Bihar Uttar Pradesh

Sepoy Rajesh Kumar Singh 6 Bihar Uttar Pradesh

Sepoy Naiman Kujur 6 Bihar Jharkhand

Sepoy Harendra Yadav 6 Bihar Uttar Pradesh

Sepoy Uike Janrao 6 Bihar Maharashtra

Sepoy Biswajit Ghorai 6 Bihar West Bengal

Sepoy Gangadhar Dalui 6 Bihar West Bengal

Sepoy Rakesh Singh 6 Bihar Bihar

Lance Naik Rajesh Kumar Yadav 6 Bihar Uttar Pradesh

Lance Naik G. Shankar 6 Bihar Maharashtra

Sepoy Jawra Munda 6 Bihar Jharkhand

Sepoy T.S. Somnath 6 Bihar Maharashtra

Havildar Ravi Paul 10 Dogra Jammu

Subedar Karnail Singh 10 Dogra Jammu

Sepoy Kulmethe Vikas Janardhan 6 Bihar (Died on September 19)

(IB) wrote in his book Open Secrets India’s Intelligence Unveiled pub- conventional war right inside Pakistan. India has been blatantly lished in 2005, “I continued to advocate for an aggressive and proac- wanting in this respect and that is why we have been bleeding away, tive counter and forward intelligence thrust against Pakistan. My voice even as our bureaucracy that holds the polity to ransom is working was rarely heard and mostly ignored. The Pakistani establishment is overtime to denigrate our military and deny the soldier his due. The a geopolitical bully. The best response to blunt such a bully is to take skunk Musharraf had warned there would be many more Kargils and that even if the Kashmir issue is resolved, jihad the war inside his home. India has allowed itself against India will continue, acknowledging last to be blackmailed by Pakistan even before it went Pakistan understands year, “Osama bin Laden, Ayman al Zawahiri, nuclear. The sabre-rattling of ‘coercive diplomacy’, Haqqanis are our heroes. We trained the LeT which is nothing but sterile military power, canonly the language against India”. Uri was a mini-Kargil. not convince the Islamist Pakistani establishment The Pakistani army has not won any conventhat India can take the border skirmishes inside of force and tional war and has been smarting under losing East their homes and hit at the very roots of the jaunconventional force Pakistan, but they sure are winning at the subcondiced Islamist groups.” Pakistan understands only ventional level. We have the wherewithal to turn the language of force and conventional force that that we have been Pakistan’s proxy war on its head even if it requires we have been relying upon is not the answer to relying upon is not small gestation period – so why don’t we do it? SP subconventional threats. While all other options including diplomacy, the answer to subfocused conventional strike, etc, may be mulled The views expressed herein are the personal views over, there is shying away from taking the subof the author. conventional threats Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 9

MILITARY Viewpoint

lt general v.k. kapoor (Retd)

ILLUSTRATION: Anoop Kamath

A brief history of Kashmir dispute The latest attack on India by fidayeen group in Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, has pushed India-Pakistan relations to the edge again

he partition of the Indian subcontinent along religious Jammu and Kashmir. In 1957, Kashmir was formally incorporated into the Indian lines led to the formation of India and Pakistan and hence the Kashmir dispute dates back to 1947. However, within Union. It was granted a special status under Article 370 of India’s the subcontinent there existed the problem of over 650 Constitution, which ensures, among other things, that non-Kashprincely states. In theory, these princely states had the miri Indians cannot buy property there. Fighting broke out again option of deciding which country to join, or of remaining indepen- in 1965, but a ceasefire was established in September 1965. Indian dent. In practice, the population of each province who had been fight- Prime Minister Lal Bhadur Shastri and Pakistani President Mohaming for freedom from British rule, were not willing to trust the erst- med Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Agreement on January 1, 1966. They resolved to try to end the dispute, but the death of Shastri and while rulers to fill the vacuum after independence. Because of its location, Kashmir had the choice to join either the rise of General Yahya Khan in Pakistan resulted in stalemate. In 1971, a third war resulted in the emergence and formation of India or Pakistan. Maharaja Hari Singh, the ruler of Kashmir, was Hindu while most of his subjects were Muslim. Unable to decide the independent nation of Bangladesh (formerly known as East Pakistan). A war had broken out in East which nation Kashmir should join, Pakistan in March 1971, and soon Hari Singh chose to remain neutral. India was faced with a million refuBut his hopes of remaining indepengees. India declared war on Decemdent were dashed in October 1947, as c h ina ber 3, 1971, after Pakistani Air Force Pakistan sent in Muslim tribesmen planes struck Indian airfields in the mixed with regular army personnel, Karakoram Western sector. Two weeks later, the commanded by Pakistani army offiPak occupied Pass Kashmir Indian Army marched into Dhaka cers, who were threatening to take and the Pakistanis surrendered. Aksai Chin over Kashmir by the force of arms and In 1972 Prime Minister Indira by unleashing violence in the state. Gandhi and her Pakistani counterHari Singh appealed to the LoC Uri part Zulfikar Ali Bhutto signed the Indian Government for military Srinagar Simla Agreement, which reiterated assistance and fled to India. He the promises made in Tashkent. signed the Instrument of Accession, Jammu and Kashmir The two sides once again agreed ceding Kashmir to India on October to resolve the issue peacefully, as 26. Indian and Pakistani forces thus I N D I A domestic issues dominated. fought their first war over Kashmir in paki s t an Both India and Pakistan had 1947-48. India referred the dispute to other important domestic probthe United Nations on January 1. In Map not to scale lems which kept Kashmir on the a resolution dated August 13, 1948, back-burner. In 1975 Indira Gandhi the UN asked Pakistan to remove its declared a state of national emertroops, after which India was also to withdraw the bulk of its forces. Once this happened, a ‘free and fair’ gency, but she was defeated in the 1977 general elections. Zulfikar plebiscite was to be held to allow the Kashmiri people to decide their Ali Bhutto was overthrown and hanged in 1979; Pakistan reverted to future. India, having taken the issue to the UN, was confident of win- military dictatorship under General Zia-ul-Haq. ning a plebiscite, since the most influential Kashmiri mass leader, Sheikh Abdullah, was firmly on its side. An emergency government Influence Wanes was formed on October 30, 1948, with Sheikh Abdullah as the Prime By late 1980s, Kashmiri people’s sympathy with the Indian union Minister. Pakistan ignored the UN mandate and continued fighting, started waning due to Mrs Gandhi’s attempts to install puppet govholding on to the portion of Kashmir under its control. ernments in state capitals, and manipulating the democratic proOn January 1, 1949, a ceasefire was agreed, with 65 per cent of cess in the state legislatures. The status quo was largely maintained the territory under Indian control and the remainder with Pakistan. until 1989 when Pakistan-based jihadi Tanzims along with local The ceasefire was intended to be temporary but the line of control pro-independence militants, trained, equipped and launched from (LoC) remains the de facto border between the two countries in army bases in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) by the ISI/ Pakistan

10 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

www.spsmai.com

MILITARY Viewpoint Army commenced their terror campaign. They established a reign of terror and drove out almost all the Hindus from the valley before the Indian Army moved in to flush them out. A counter-terror campaign started in 1989 continues even today. Meanwhile at the LoC Indian and Pakistani troops regularly exchanged fire. Attempts by Pakistan in raising this issue in the UN was thwarted by India who insisted that after 1971, the Simla Agreement was the way forward and UN intervention or third-party mediation was not acceptable.

Pakistan has adopted the strategy of “bleeding India through a thousand cuts”; waging a proxy war which indeed takes a heavy toll on a defensive India. The latter have not been able to devise an effective counter to the Pakistan’s strategy.

Current Scene

On September 18, 2016, a terrorist group struck a Battalion administrative base in Uri Sector in Jammu and Kashmir. Eighteen soldiers of the Indian Army were martyred and many others injured in the terrorist attack in the early hours of Sunday morning. All four militants were Nuclearisation and Kargil War Both India and Pakistan became nuclear powers after testing killed within two hours of the commencement of the attack, though nuclear devices in May 1998, and then in April 1999 test-fired mis- combing operations to clear the entire area took longer. However, the siles in efforts to perfect delivery systems for their nuclear weapons. casualties suffered by the Army (including injured personnel) were Although Pakistan claimed that its missiles were an indigenous so heavy that it has caught the attention of the entire Indian nation effort, in July 1999 Indian customs agents seized components and an atmosphere is being created, especially by the media, for a shipped from North Korea which were destined for Pakistan’s mis- savage response to teach our perverse and recalcitrant neighbour a lesson. This is the fifth major attack by Pakistan-based terror modsile programme. A genuine attempt at bringing about peace in the region by the ules, assisted by their army and the ISI in recent times which includes Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee was set in motion in Gurdaspur (Dina Nagar) on July 27, 2015, Pathankot IAF airbase on February 1999. He set out to Lahore by bus on February 20, 1999, January 2, 2016, Pampore attack on June 25, 2016, Poonch attack on inaugurating the four times a week Delhi-Lahore-Delhi bus ser- September 11 and Uri attack on September 18, 2016. Considering the present unrest in the valley which has lasted for vice. The world felt that such a genuine effort at friendly neighbourhood relations would lower the tension along the LoC in Kashmir. the past 70 days, aided and abetted by Pakistan, together with the But Pakistan once again repudiated the efforts made by Atal Behari above terror attacks, it becomes evident that a conspiracy has been Vajpayee. Kargil War began during the mid-1990s and the traitor- hatched by Pakistan and their hard core supporters in the valley to ous attempts by Pakistan at gaining tactical and strategic advantages highlight and escalate the Kashmir situation for its global impact. The latest attack on India by fidayeen group in Uri, has pushed from occupying dominating heights in Kargil sector proved disastrous as they were evicted from all vital positions by July 4, 1999. In India-Pakistan relations to the edge again. As India takes up the the meanwhile, President Bill Clinton asked Prime Minister Nawaz issue of Pakistan-sponsored terrorism and the neighbour’s support to terror groups on the global platform, another attack on India, Sharif to pull back from all areas occupied by it. particularly on the armed forces, is clearly testing our patience and could escalate violence to unacceptable levels for both nations. The Dispute Continues It would not be out of place to mention that while the counWe are all aware that Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had formally announced that a plebiscite would be held under the supervision of try faces two strong adversaries, namely Pakistan in the west and United Nations once situation became peaceful. However, Pakistan, China in the north, the state of our defence forces is pathetic. who had occupied many parts of Kashmir, did not pay any heed to No modernisation has taken place in the past two decades or so the UN mandate and the Indian Government demanded status quo and the situation is dismal. We have not learnt any lessons since ante as per the same mandate. Pakistan did not pull back from its the Kargil conflict in 1999. Even the adversaries are aware of our positions and thus the plebiscite was never held. After 1971 war and lack of capabilities in many fields and perhaps that is the reason for their aggressive behaviour and designs. the signing of Simla Agreement by both counUnder these circumstances instead of improvtries, the issue of plebiscite under the aegis of ing our capabilities in order to face the future the UN became irrelevant. It would not be out threats and challenges, we have defence budKargil War, in 1999, saw Pakistan reneging of place to mention gets which cater for just maintaining the curonce again and back-stabbing India after Prime rent force levels. No modernisation is possible Minister Vajpayee’s visit and the signing of the that while the with the funds allocated for defence year after Lahore Declaration on February 21, 1999. The year. Our political leadership is neglectful of declaration signalled a major breakthrough in country faces two the ground realities and oblivious of our weakovercoming the historically strained bilateral strong adversaries, nesses. Mere rhetoric is not going to defeat or relations between the two nations in the afterdeter our adversaries. math of the publicly performed nuclear tests namely Pakistan in If a question were to be asked whether carried out by both nations in May 1998. Widely the west and China Kashmir is an integral part of India, the answer popular in the public circles in Pakistan and would be – Yes. But if the question is that do the hailed by the international community, the relain the north, the Kashmiri’s feel that they are a part of India, the tions soon lost the impetus with the outbreak of answer might not be in the affirmative. There the Kargil conflict in May 1999. state of our defence is a lot to be done in this regard and the elected Despite all efforts from the Indian side to forces is pathetic. No governments must start performing. Poor govensure peace and tranquillity through dialogue ernance is also a major reason for the current and negotiations, the so-called democratically modernisation has state of affairs. Honest introspection is needed elected government of Nawaz Sharif in Pakistan taken place in the past to progress ahead. SP has not been able to deliver. It is obvious that the real power in Pakistan lies with the military two decades or so and The views expressed herein are the personal views and democracy is really a façade as the Kashmir policy is dictated by the military. the situation is dismal. of the author. Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 11

MILITARY Viewpoint

Air marshal b.k. pandey (Retd)

The Kashmir imbroglio In the last seven years, there have been as many as 20 major attacks of this nature in the state of Jammu and Kashmir by terrorist groups sponsored by Pakistan

he peace and serenity of Uri, a small town on the banks the country based on two religions—Hinduism and Islam—as India of river Jhelum in the district of Baramulla in the Indian has always had a Muslim population that is larger than that of Pakistate of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), which is near the stan. The question that plagues the mind is whether the nation was line of control (LoC), was brutally shattered in the wee divided in this manner was to serve the personal interests of some hours of the morning of September 18, 2016. A band of of those that had a powerful say in the decision making chain? This suspected “fidayeen” or a suicide squad from across the LoC, in a ought to be a subject of research. Ever since Independence and the accompanying partition, India clandestine manner, gained entry into the administrative area of the Brigade headquarters located in this small town of north Kashmir. has fought four major wars with people who were once a part of this The terrorists lobbed grenades on the fuel storage which resulted nation. Besides, for nearly two decades, there has been an ongoing in a massive explosion and widespread fire that engulfed the tents proxy war against India ostensibly over the state of J&K. All this has that housed soldiers, 18 of whom were martyred and many seriously been at enormous cost in terms of lives and resources on both sides of the border. Besides, China, a recognised regional power and aspirinjured. The four terrorists involved were finally gunned down, While this episode has caused a nationwide distress especially ing to emerge as a superpower to even challenge in due course, the at the loss of our gallant soldiers, there is really nothing new or novel might of the United States, has been effectively exploiting the situaabout it. In the last seven years, there have been as many as 20 major tion through collaboration with Pakistan. Tragically, no amount of attacks of this nature in the state of J&K by terrorist groups spon- goodwill displayed by the Indian leadership both past and present as sored by Pakistan. The last such attack was mounted by six Pakistan well as dialogue with the hostile neighbour to normalise relations, has supported terrorists on the night of January 1/2, 2016, against Air produced any results. And as long as the hostility with Pakistan conForce Station Pathankot. All six terrorists were gunned down in a tinues, one cannot hope for solution to the problem of J&K. Clearly, prolonged battle; but tragically, the nation lost seven of its brave sol- the time for dialogue and rhetoric is over. There are some who would advocate a full-scale war so as to diers guarding this vital installation. As has been the practice, after every episode of this kind, there is considerable rhetoric from the teach Pakistan a lesson. Even though there have been a number of highest echelons of the government about the resolves to give Paki- violent conflicts, today, India is not in a position to launch a fullstan a befitting reply. But there is no follow-up action on the ground, scale offensive against Pakistan primarily for two reasons. In terms at least not available in public domain. In this episode too, there is of military hardware, both Indian Army and the Indian Air Force are once again talk of appropriate response to Pakistan; but from the in no shape to undertake and sustain full-scale war against Pakistan. statements emanating from the different sections of the establish- Besides, the oft repeated threat from Pakistan of nuclear retaliation ment, it appears that the government is quite unsure of the right and is likely to inhibit the decision to go to war. What then is the way forward? It is abundantly clear that the root effective course of action. While the government continues to grope for a solution, it is time cause of the problems in J&K that ultimately impinges on national to introspect on the genesis of the problem and as to what has led to security is the partition of India. The obvious solution would then the mess that the Indian state is in with regard to the state of J&K. To be to reverse the process of partition. The Government of the day understand the genesis, dimension and complexity of the problem, must find ways and means to reunite India and Pakistan. While on the face of it this suggestion may be dismissed as there is a need to retrace our steps to 1947, the bizarre; but there are instances in history where year of Independence. The nation cannot fornations partitioned under foreign influence have get, ignore or undermine the sacrifice by those It is abundantly clear reunited. Examples are North and South Yemen, sons of the soil involved in the epic struggle for East and West Germany, North and South Vietfreedom of the motherland from British rule. that the root cause nam. And left to themselves, there is a strong While gaining independence from foreign rule of the problems in possibility that North and South Korea will also was undoubtedly an unprecedented achieveunite. After all, in all these cases, it has been a ment, after seven decades existence, one begins J&K that ultimately common people divided under foreign influto wonder whether partition of the nation based impinges on national ence. And since the partition of the Indian subon the two-nation philosophy that accompanied continent falls in the same country, reunification independence, was indeed the right course of security is the of India and Pakistan must not be regarded as action adopted by those at the helm of affairs at being outside the realm of possibility. SP that point in time. It was clearly illogical to divide partition of India 12 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

www.spsmai.com

MILITARY Report

Project 15B – Multi-mission destroyers on the roll If the professed construction and fitting out schedules of Project 15B are adhered to, it will be vying with the most exacting and efficient warship building standards practised by the leading US and European shipbuilders

photographs: Indian Navy

[ By Rear Admiral Sushil Ramsay (Retd) ]

oon after the acquisition of Soviet origin guided missile destroyers, Indian Navy’s Naval Design Bureau decided to expand their own indigenous stable inventory to include design of guided missile destroyers. The result was successful evolution of Project 15 Destroyers, which later came to be known as the Delhi class. While the indigenous project design had both Soviet and Western design influences, naval designers came up with a marvel of ab initio design of a guided missile destroyer. Thus

from the Stable of Project 15; Indian Navy ships Delhi, Mysore and Mumbai were born which now occupy the ‘Frontline Ships’ status of the Indian Navy. The efficacy of the design of Project 15 was substantially established when INS Delhi withstood the severest of cyclonic conditions when trapped for 48 hours in the South China Sea and successfully came out of it without any damage to the structure and the systems. The Indian Naval Design Bureau was not resting on their oars and soon launched the first follow-on project which was designated as Project 15A. This project imbibed not just the technology updates Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 13

MILITARY Report

Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Sunil Lanba addressing at the launch of the Mormugao at MDL in Mumbai on September 17, 2016

in its design it also factored in all the right lessons learnt from its predecessor Project 15, to be launched with far greater efficiency and efficacy. The result was successful commissioning of Indian Navy ships Kolkata, Kochi and Chennai. These stealth destroyers occupy the pride of place in the Frontlines with plethora of top-end technology systems, equipment and arsenal. Another unique feature of Project 15A was replacement of all major Russian origin systems with either the indigenous systems or those acquired from the West through arrangements of transfer of technology. Taking a long-term perspective of the Indian Navy’s capability build up to be the net maritime security provider of the nation, reviews of the existing designs of the ships for upgrades to include emerging technologies and design features, as also to add designs of the newer classes of platform are the main focus areas of the Directorate General of Naval Design (DGND). Project 15B has thus emerged as the latest class of stealth guided missile destroyers. By increasing the cavitation inception speed the hydrodynamic noises and vibrations have been effectively reduced at the cruising speed in each of the ships of Project 15B.

Project 15B

The first ship of Project 15B guided missile destroyer was christened as Visakhapatnam and launched on April 20, 2015, at Mazagon Dock Limited (MDL) in Mumbai by Mrs Minu Dhowan, wife of Admiral R.K. Dhowan, former Chief of the Naval Staff. Visakhapatnam is the first of the line of four destroyers of the class designed by the Directorate of Naval Design and bear the testimony to the acclaimed legacy of the naval designers. The ship is being built by MDL, the acclaimed warship builders of the nation. Each stealth 14 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

Timelines for Project 15B Ships Name

Yard No

Pennant

Laid down

Launched

Commissioning

Visakhapatnam

12704

D 66

October 12, 2013

April 20, 2015

July 2018 (expected)

Mormugao

12705

D 67

June 14, 2015

September 17, 2016

2020 (expected)

Paradip

12706

D 68

2022 (expected)

Porbandar

12707

D 69

2024 (expected)

destroyers of Project 15B has a displacement of 7,300 tonnes, spans 163 metres in length and 17.4 metres at the beam. It is powered by four gas turbines and is capable of cruising at speed greater than 30 knots. The ships are designed to carry two multiple-role helicopters. Project 15B destroyers incorporate new design concepts for improved survivability, seakeeping, stealth and manoeuvrability. Enhanced stealth features have been enshrined through shaping of hull and use of radar transparent deck fittings which make these ships difficult to detect. These ships are also packed with an array of state-of-the-art weapons and sensors, including vertically launched missile system capable of long distance engagement of shore and sea-based targets. With significant indigenous content, these ships stand in true testimony of self-reliance attained by our country in the www.spsmai.com

MILITARY Report warship design and shipbuilding. DRDO and the Indian industry too have contributed significantly in Indian Navy realising its vision of transforming its profile from a ‘Buyer’s Navy’ to a ‘Builder’s Navy’.

Projects 15A and 15B – A Comparison

The differences between the Project 15A Kolkata class destroyers and the Project 15B Visakhapatnam class destroyers are not much since they both share the same hull design. However, the internal fittings and fixtures of the two classes are significantly different. Some of the key elements of differences are discussed below. The Visakhapatnam class destroyers will be armed with a 127mm main gun while the Kolkata class are armed with 76mm super rapid gun mount (SRGM). Both classes share the AK-630 close-in anti-missile gun system. The sonar of this class will be bow mounted and will feature a revised bridge layout. The ship embodies features such as multiple fire zones, total atmospheric control system (TACS) for air-conditioning, battle damage control systems (BDCS), distributional power systems and emergency DA to enhance survivability and reliability in emergent scenarios. The design of the mast, which houses the main radar, has been revised. The Visakhapatnam class will have a full-fledged total atmosphere control system to provide its crew greater protection in a nuclear, chemical or biological warfare scenario. The ships will have a rail-less helicopter traversing system to secure the helicopter they carry in higher sea states. Compared to Project 15A destroyers which have been recently inducted, Project 15B ships will be less detectable by radar, use radar absorbent paint during its construction and its propellers will be more silent to make detection by enemy submarines and warships more difficult. The cardinal dates for project 15B ships reflect a quantum jump in its execution. Launch of Mormugao just 17 months apart from the lead ship is indicative of the sound foundation on which Project 15B is laid. Undoubtedly, with great sense of pride one witnesses the commissioning schedule of the ships at an ambitious interval of mere two years, beginning from July 2018. If the professed construction and fitting out schedules of Project 15B are adhered to, it will be vying with the most exacting and efficient warship building standards practised by the leading US and European shipbuilders.

Mormugao Launched

Another significant milestone in the annals of the indigenous warship design and construction programme of India was achieved with the launch of guided missile destroyer, Mormugao, second ship of Project 15B, on September 17, 2016, at MDL. With a launch weight of 2,844 tonnes, the vessel made its first contact with water at 11:58 a.m. with full fanfare during the launching ceremony graced by Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sunil Lanba as the chief guest. In keeping with maritime traditions, Smt Reena Lanba, President, Navy Wives Welfare Association (NWWA), broke a coconut on the ship’s bow and launched the ship, as invocation from the Atharva Veda was being rendered. Admiral Sunil Lanba commended the synergic partnership of MDL, Indian Navy, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), other public sector enterprises and the private industry in ensuring that force levels are made available to meet India’s national strategic objectives. He also congratulated DGND and his team at Directorate of Naval Design for designing state-of-the-art warships and contributing towards achieving Indian Navy’s dream of transforming from a ‘Buyers’ to a ‘Builders’ Navy. With a complement of 50 officers and 250 sailors, the Project 15B destroyers are designed to be propelled by four gas turbines in combined gas and gas (COGAG) configuration and are capable of achiev-

ing speeds in excess of 30 knots with a maximum endurance of 4,000 nautical miles at sea. According to Director General Naval Design (Surface Ship Group), “These ships are among the most technologically advanced guided missile destroyers in the world, with state-ofthe-art weapons/sensors package, advanced stealth features and a high degree of automation.” The Mormugao will be armed with the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile which can hit targets on land and at sea, 300 km away and Barak surface-to-air missile system. The key sensor of the Mormugao will be Israeli-designed multi-function surveillance threat alert radar (MF-STAR), designed to track targets in the air hundreds of kilometres away. Once a lock-on is achieved, the MF-STAR can direct several Barak 8 long-range surface-to-air missiles (LR-SAM) to intercept the targets. The LR-SAM is a joint venture between India and Israel and is considered among the most sophisticated missiles of its class in the world being designed to intercept enemy aircraft and supersonic missiles more than 70 km away. These ships can truly be classified as possessing a network of networks, as these are equipped with integrated platform management system (IPMS), ship data network (SDN), automatic power management system (APMS) and combat management system (CMS). While control and monitoring of machinery and auxiliaries is achieved through the IPMS, power management is done using the APMS. The CMS performs threat evaluation and resource allocation based on the tactical picture compiled and ammunition available onboard. The SDN is the information highway on which data from all the sensors and weapons ride. The Indian Navy is aiming for a 68 per cent indigenisation threshold for the Project 15B class. The other components are being imported and integrated by MDL. Indeed, highly creditable achievement, considering the complexities on indigenously developing and producing high technology intensive equipment, systems and sensors in the ‘Move’ and ‘Fight’ segments of warship development. SP

CNS on Scorpene Data Leak On the sidelines of launching of Mormugao on September 17, 2016, when asked by the media about the leaks of vital data on the French Scorpene submarines under construction at MDL, Mumbai, for the Indian Navy, Admiral Sunil Lanba, Chief of the Naval Staff, stated, “There is a high-level committee which is enquiring into the Scorpene leak on our side. Similarly in France, DCNS and the French Government have launched an inquiry. Based on this inquiry, we will see what needs to be done and whether any mitigation measures are required or not. In preliminary investigation, it has been found that the leak did not happen in India but in the DCNS office in France.” Data leaked from French defence company DCNS, that runs over 22,400 pages, including crucial details of the Scorpene submarine programme of India was reported by the newspaper, The Australian. An order by the Supreme Court of New South Wales had asked The Australian to hand over the documents to DCNS. The Indian Government has maintained that the leak will not affect the submarine programme or capability of the boat. CNS clarified that Scorpene data leak controversy won’t affect the ambitious project of building submarines in the Indian shipyards with the help of foreign shipyards. Under Project 75I, Indian and foreign shipyards are supposed to construct in Indian shipyards. The project for building six submarines is estimated to be worth $6 billion. SP

Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 15

MILITARY updates Minister of State for Defence meets UK Minister of Defence Procurement

he Minister of State for Defence, Dr. Subhash Bhamre, met the United Kingdom Minister of Defence Procurement, Mrs. Harriett Baldwin in London recently. A wide range of issues covering the entire spectrum of defence cooperation between India and the United Kingdom were discussed at the meeting, including Indo-United Kingdom collaboration in joint research, development and production which has tremendous potential for growth. Dr. Bhamre reiterated India’s resolve in enhancing its defence capability and improving its defence industrial base, aiming towards becoming self-sufficient. He invited greater British participation in the ‘Make in India’ programme, a flagship initiative of the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi. Dr Bhamre also drew attention to the challenges being faced by both countries due to increased terrorist activities globally, as well as cross-border terrorism being faced by India. He emphasised that terrorism is a global phenomenon and a clear message must go to countries supporting terrorism. There could be no differentiation between good and bad terrorists, he said. The UK Minister acknowledged India’s stand on terrorism and expressed the UK’s resolve to cooperate in the field of counter terrorism. India has tre-

Western Fleet ships visit South Africa

mendous experience in UN Peacekeeping operations worldwide and the United Kingdom expressed its desire for learning from the Indian experience. SP

senior Government and military authorities, training and technical cooperation measures with SAN, sporting and cultural interactions, aimed at strengthening ties and mutual understanding between the two forces, are also planned. SP

GRSE hands over fast attack craft Tihayu to Indian Navy

Photographs: PIB, Indian Navy

n a demonstration of India’s commitment to its ties with South Africa and to the maritime security in the Indian Ocean region, Indian Naval Ships Kolkata, Trikand and Aditya under the Command of the Flag Officer Commanding Western Fleet, Rear Admiral Ravneet Singh, NM have arrived at Durban on September 20, 2016 for a three day visit. The ships are part of the Indian Navy’s Western Fleet based at Mumbai under the Western Naval Command and are on a two month long deployment to the Western Indian Ocean. INS Kolkata is commanded by Captain Rahul Vilas Gokhale, INS Trikand is commanded by Captain Arjun Dev Nair and INS Aditya is commanded by Captain Vidyanshu Srivastava. During the visit, the warships will have professional interactions with the South African Naval Forces (SAN) for enhancing co-operation and sharing the nuances of naval operations including combating maritime threats of terrorism and piracy. Calls on

16 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

he Water Jet Fast Attack Craft (WJFAC) Tihayu, built by the Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Limited (GRSE) in Kolkata, was handed over to the Indian Navy on August 30, 2016. The warship was handed over by Rear Admiral A.K. Verma, (Retd) Chairman & Managing Director of GRSE to the Commanding Officer of the ship Cdr. Ajay Kashov, at a ceremony held in GRSE. Rear Admiral S.R. Sarma, Chief Staff Officer (Technical) of Eastern Naval Command, carried out final inspection of the ship prior to acceptance by the Navy. GRSE had earlier built and delivered 10 WJFACs to the Indian Navy during 2009 to 2011, which are proving well in service. Indian Navy has placed order for four more of these WJFACs as ‘follow-on’ ships. The first ship of the ‘follow-on’ series of WJFACs INS Tarmugli was commissioned into the Indian Navy on May 23, 2016. The second FAC Tihayu has been delivered by GRSE. These ships are a further improved version of fast-attack crafts earlier built by GRSE for the Indian Navy. The ship has an efficient hull form developed by the inhouse Design Centre of GRSE and proved by extensive model testing, to achieve speeds in excess of 35 knots. This warship measuring 48 x 7.5 m with a displacement of around 315 tonnes has an endurance of around 2,000 nautical miles at 12-14 knots speed. She also boasts of modern habitability conditions with accommodation for 29 personnel. Named after an island in the Andaman, Tihayu is fitted with three water jet propulsion systems powered by marine diesel engines generating 2,720 kW of power. It is also fitted with CRN-91 indigenous 30mm gun to provide artillery fire support during attack missions. SP www.spsmai.com

MILITARY updates BEL’s Advanced Night Vision Products Factory at Nimmaluru, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh

avratna Defence PSU Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) is setting up Advanced Night Vision Products Factory at Nimmaluru Village, near Machilipatnam in Krishna District of Andhra Pradesh. It will be the largest such facility in the country once it is commissioned, covering an area of over 50 acres. M. Venkaiah Naidu, Minister for Urban Development, Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Information and Broadcasting, laid the foundation stone for this facility on September August 19, 2016, in the presence of N. Chandrababu Naidu, Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Y.S. Chow-

dary, Minister of State for Science & Technology, S.K. Sharma, Chairman & Managing Director, BEL, and other distinguished guests. S.K. Sharma, Chairman & Managing Director, BEL, said: “Bharat Electronics has been continuously engaged in design, development and manufacturing of Electro Optics equipment and Night Vision Products for defence and paramilitary forces. The new facility has been planned now to establish a state-of-the-art factory to cater to the futuristic requirements for Night Vision Products.” In order to support Government of India initiatives such as ‘Make in India’, BEL is extending its support to Start Up companies and MSMEs through procurement of specific items from them. BEL CMD added, “To achieve self-reliance in defence, there is a need for establishing world-class manufacturing facilities. BEL has maintained a consistent policy of R&D investments and has also launched various new facilities. BEL is coming up with a modern Defence Systems Integration Complex at Palasamudram in Ananthapur District of Andhra Pradesh to give further thrust to indigenous development and production of future defence systems.” The Advanced Night Vision Products Factory at Nimmaluru will enable BEL to expand its electro-optics business and carry out manufacturing and integration for the ongoing and upcoming projects. It will have state-of-the-art technology and infrastructure such as modern optics workshops, clean rooms of the highest standards, facility for thin film coating with higher durability and other modern SPDT and CNC Machines. The new facility is about 16 km from the existing unit of BEL at Machilipatnam. It will be built in stages and the estimated investment will be about `300 crore over a four-year period. As part of diversification and business growth, BEL is looking for major expansion into high-end image intensifier tubes and thermal imaging detectors for night vision products, inertial navigation systems, electronic ammunition fuses, air traffic management radars, intelligent traffic management systems and solar power plants. SP

Commissioning of offshore patrol vessel ICGS Sarathi

Photographs: BEL, PIB

ndian Coast Guard ship Sarathi, third ship in the series of six offshore patrol vessels (OPVs), was commissioned by the Home Minister Rajnath Singh on September 9, 2016, at Goa, in the presence of Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar, Director General of Indian Coast Guard Rajendra Singh, Chairman and Managing Director of Goa Shipyard Ltd (GSL) Rear Admiral (Retd) Shekhar Mital and others. ‘Sarathi’, meaning charioteer, is a projection of Indian Coast Guard’s will and commitment ‘to serve and protect’ the maritime interest of the nation. This 105 metres OPV has been designed and built indigenously by GSL and is fitted with most advanced state-of-the-art navigation and communication equipment, sensors and machineries. The features include 30mm CRN 91 naval gun, integrated bridge system (IBS), integrated machinery control system (IMCS), power management system (PMS) and high power external firefighting system. The ship is designed to carry one twin-engine light helicopter and five high speed boats including two quick reaction inflatable boats for swift boarding operations, search and rescue, law enforcement and maritime patrol. The ship is also capable of carrying pollution response equipment to contain oil spill at sea. ICGS Sarathi will be commanded by Commandant Atul Joshi and manned by 14 officers and 98 men. The ship will be under the

administrative and operational control of the Commander, Coast Guard Region (West). The commissioning of ICGS Sarathi will enhance the Indian Coast Guard’s operational capability to discharge the multifarious maritime tasks. With the increased threat from sea-borne terrorism, the induction of a sophisticated and state-of-the-art OPV will give a fillip to the maritime security of our vast coastline and in particular the maritime state of Kerala and island territories of Lakshadweep and Minicoy. SP

Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 17

MILITARY updates Rockwell Collins introduces new helmet-mounted IDVS for warfighters

ockwell Collins recently introduced its combat helmetmounted Integrated Digital Vision System (IDVS) for warfighters—an advanced display system that combines realtime mission data with multispectral vision sensors into one view for greater situational awareness. The IDVS is the first hands-free helmet-mounted display system that fuses incoming data from various sources, such as a command center, other warfighters or UAS, with multispectral vision. The system does this while automatically transitioning from dark to light environments in real time, allowing users to have a complete view of everything that is happening around them. “In battle, warfighters are most effective and safe when they can stay focused on their surroundings at all times,” said LeAnn Ridgeway, Vice President and General Manager, Simulation and Training Solutions for Rockwell Collins. “Our IDVS is a 24-hour system, leveraging proven technology to give users a view of their surroundings and the right information for them to stay safe and complete their mission.” IDVS builds upon Rockwell Collins’ industry-leading vision technologies for aerospace and defense, including the F-35 Lightning II

Lt General P.M. Hariz takes over as GOC-in-C Southern Command

t General P.M. Hariz assumed office of the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Indian Army’s Southern Command at the Command headquarters in Pune on September 1, 2016. He was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Army Training Command at Pune prior to his current appointment. SP

Photographs: Rockwell Collins, Indian Navy, Indian Army

Rear Admiral Sanjeev Kale takes over as Admiral Superintendent, Naval Dockyard, Mumbai

ear Admiral Sanjeev Kale, VSM assumed charge as the Admiral Superintendent, Naval Dockyard, Mumbai on July 27, 2016. The Admiral was commissioned into the Indian Navy on August 1, 1983 on completion of BE in Electrical Engineering from Government Engineering College, Jabalpur. The Admiral is an alumnus of IIT Kharagpur, Naval War College and National Defence College. The Flag Officer in his career spanning 33 years has served the Navy in various appointments such as Commissioning Electrical Officer of INS Talwar, Fleet Electrical Officer (Western Fleet), AGM (Planning) and Manager (Electrical) at Naval Dockyards at Mumbai and Visakhapatnam 18 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

helmet and civil aircraft head-up displays. A portion of the manufacturing will be completed at Rockwell Collins’ state-of-the-art precision optics facility in Sydney, Australia. The IDVS is designed with an open architecture to provide an easy upgrade path for future technologies that enhance situational awareness. SP

respectively. The Flag Officer has also commanded INS Valsura and served at IHQ MoD (Navy) as PDIT and DEE. On promotion to the Flag rank, the Admiral was appointed as ADGQA (N) followed by Director General, Weapon Electronics Systems engineering Establishment at New Delhi, prior to taking over duties of Admiral Superintendent, Naval Dockyard, Mumbai. SP

Rear Admiral Narayan Prasad takes over as Admiral Superintendent, Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam

ear Admiral Narayan Prasad, NM assumed charge as the Admiral Superintendent, Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam on July 28, 2016. The Admiral was commissioned into the Indian Navy on July 1, 1983. The Admiral is an alumnus of IAT, Pune and Naval War College. The Flag Officer in his career spanning 33 years has served the Navy in various appointments such as Commissioning Engineer Officer of INS Talwar, Fleet Engineer Officer (Eastern Fleet), AGM (Production) and General Manager (Refits) at Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam. The Flag Officer has also served at IHQ MoD (Navy) as PDSP and as Command Engineer Officer at Headquarters, Eastern Naval Command. On promotion to the Flag rank, the Admiral was appointed as Project Director (Propulsion and Engineering Systems) at Headquarters, ATV Project followed by Chief Staff Officer (Technical) at Headquarters, Eastern Naval Command, prior to taking over duties of Admiral Superintendent, Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam. SP www.spsmai.com

MILITARY Viewpoint

Lt General P.C. Katoch (Retd)

Visit of Nepalese PM – Resetting friendly ties

Photograph: PIB

he recent four-day visit of Nepalese Prime Minister Pushpa sit routes, and cross-border connectivity will directly benefit Nepal Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ on invitation of Prime Minister and help strengthen our economic partnership”. India is focusing on Narendra Modi commencing September 15 has helped in economic and power projects; the three power projects of Panchesresetting Indo-Nepalese ties and dispel the unease of the war, Arun III and Upper Karnali came up for detailed discussions. past few months. Minutes after Prachanda’s election on The government is expected to come out with a framework policy August 3, Prime Minister Modi had congratulated him on his success on cross-border power trade in the coming days, which will make it easier for Nepal to sell power. After the talks, Prime Minister Modi and invited him to visit India at his earliest convenience. Coincidentally, his visit as the Nepal’s Prime Minister eight years said, “India stands ready and prepared to strengthen its developago to India had also commenced on September 15, 2008, when ment partnership with Nepal.” The joint statement issued at the end of the talks listed out varimany agreements were signed but hardly any follow-up was done. In his early years of politics, Prachanda being from the Maoist back- ous issues including holistic review of bilateral cooperation and need ground and China’s favourite had been critical of India accusing to further deepen and expand bilateral cooperation in all areas for interference in the internal matters of Nepal. In 2001 he had even told the mutual benefit of the people of the two countries – agreement to hold the next session of the India-Nepal the Nepalese media that the “ultimate fight Joint Commission in 2016; both governwill be with the Indian Army”. However, he ments to explore ways to further enhance appears more cautious over the years. On regional cooperation particularly in trade, assuming premiership this time, he first transit, connectivity and power including sent Deputy Prime Minister K.B. Mahara, within SAARC and BIMSTEC; Eminent his close associate, to China (signaling Persons Group on Nepal-India Relations there was no change in his first priority to look into totality of India-Nepal relations being China) and the other Deputy Prime and suggest measures to consolidate and Minister Bimlendra Nidhi, a Madhesi who further expand multifaceted ties; Nepal leads the majority coalition partner, the reiterated support for India’s candidature Nepali Congress, to India. During his visit, for permanent membership of UNSC; both Prachanda stayed at the Rashtrapati Bhasided reiterated their territories would not wan and also called on President Pranab be allowed to be misused by unscrupulous Mukherjee. He also travelled to Shimla to elements posing security threats to either see the 1,500 mw Nathpa Jhakri dam of Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the Prime side; resolve for early development of infraSutlej Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited (SJVNL), Minister of Nepal Pushpa Kamal Dahal in New Delhi structure at integrated check posts (ICPs) which is building the Arun III (900 mw) to facilitate smooth and faster movement project in Nepal, and visited Baba Ramof people and goods; agreement to initiate three additional crossdev’s Patanjali Yogpeeth and its industrial units in Haridwar. An interaction with the Indian business community was also border rail-link projects for developments. Prime Minister Prachanda invited Prime Minister Modi to pay jointly hosted by ASSOCHAM, CII and FICCI in honour of Prime Minister Prachanda. During the meeting between the two Prime official visit to Nepal, which was accepted by Prime Minister Modi. Ministers, Prime Minister Modi welcomed Prime Minister Prachanda Prachanda’s visit has helped reset Indo-Nepalese ties. However, the and committed to go the extra mile in accordance with Nepal’s devel- issue of accommodating demands of the Madhesis in Nepal’s New opment priorities. The two countries committed that they will “not Constitution will likely remain a vexed problem for Pracahanda. allow” their territory to be used against each other and also agreed During this visit Prachanda had stated, “You are aware that my govto set up an oversight mechanism to review the progress of economic ernment has made serious efforts to bring everyone on board as we enter the phase of implementation of the Nepali Constitution.” Howand development projects on regular basis. The two countries signed three agreements for upgrading Terai ever, he has not been able to register an amendment motion in the highways and an additional line of credit for new projects like Nepalese Parliament yet, since such amendment needs two-thirds Phase-2 of Terai roads, power transmission lines, substations and a majority (397 votes) to go through, and need the support of the K.P. polytechnic. Modi also announced a credit of $750 million for post- Oli-led opposition, which is a difficult proposition. SP earthquake reconstruction, which has been delayed. Modi said, “India’s initiatives for open skies, cross-border power trade, tran- The views expressed herein are the personal views of the author. Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 19

Aerospace Developments Hindustan Aeronautics Limited conducts technical flight of LUH

chieving yet another significant milestone, the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) conducted a technical flight of indigenous light utility helicopter (LUH) in Bengaluru on September 6, 2016. The helicopter lifted at 1210 hours and was in the air for 15 minutes at HAL facilities. The flawless flight was carried out by HAL test pilots. This event marks an important and significant beginning for prototype testing of LUH. This is the third indigenous helicopter product from the stables of HAL after ALH and LCH. Apart from replacement of ageing fleet of Cheetah/Chetak, LUH is expected to capture a sizeable share both in domestic and international market. The LUH has a maximum all-up-weight (AUW) of 3,150 kg, fitted with Safran HE Ardiden-1U engine of 750 kw power, with a range of 350 km, service ceiling 6.5 Km, seating capacity of six passengers plus two pilots. The helicopter is designed to carry out

Rescue operation by IAF helicopters at Pang

various utility roles such as reconnaissance, transport, cargo load and rescue operations. The helicopter can operate from sea level to high altitudes of Himalayas. SP

The IAF launched four helicopters of 114 HU (The Siachen Pioneers) based at Leh for the mission. The casualties were critically injured with multiple fractures, bruises and head injuries and it was a difficult task to emplane the casualties. The mission however was accomplished and the injured travellers were rescued to safety thereby containing the number of casualties. SP

TAML to provide interior panels for the P-8 aircraft

Photographs: HAL, Indian Navy, IAF

he Indian Air Force (IAF) launched an evacuation operation for rescue of passengers involved in a road accident ahead of Pang on a Manali-Leh highway on September 11, 2016. An emergency rescue message was received by IAF of an accident involving a Tempo Traveller which was reported to have fallen down the track into a valley ahead of Pang on Manali-Leh highway. Approximately 16 passengers were on board. The travellers had crashed into a gorge leading to high death toll and six passengers had succumbed to the injuries. The remaining ten passengers were reported to be critically injured and needed immediate evacuation. Six of the ten casualties could be moved by road and remaining four were declared as critical, and needed immediate air evacuation. 20 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016

Simultaneously, it reinforces the ‘Make in India’ initiative by the Government of India, which is focused on increasing the country’s manufacturing capabilities, and making India a global manufacturing hub. TAML is currently under contract to manufacture the P-8 tail cone and auxiliary power unit door fairing out of India. Additionally, TAML works for Dynamatic Technologies Limited in support of the CH-47F Chinook, a medium-to-heavy lift helicopter, and for P-8 cabinets.

ata Advanced Materials Limited (TAML), a subsidiary of Tata Industries Limited, has been awarded a contract from Boeing to provide composite interior close out panels for the P-8 aircraft that cover the interior wall structure of the aircraft. The P-8 is designed for long-range anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, as well as armed intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance missions. “This contract is another example of Indian companies becoming part of the global supply chain and manufacturing aerospace parts for the world’s most advanced products,” said Sudhi Ranjan Mukherjee, Chief Executive Officer, TAML. He further added, “We are pleased to expand our relationship with Boeing and are confident that the two organisations will continue to make a significant contribution to aerospace manufacturing in India.” The contract with Boeing will help strengthen TAML’s position as a strong and reliable partner in aerostructures segment.

In addition, Boeing and various Tata companies have established partnerships in India to manufacture aerostructures for Boeing’s commercial and military aircraft. For example, Boeing and Tata Advanced Systems Limited have established a joint venture in India to produce AH-64 Apache fuselages, co-produce aerostructures and pursue integrated systems development opportunities in India. SP www.spsmai.com

Aerospace Developments UK AirTanker Programme reaches 10,000th flight

n June 2016, the UK AirTanker programme accomplished its 10,000th flight since the first Voyager took to the skies in April 2012 operating for the Royal Air Force. AirTanker is a consortium made up of leading aerospace, defence and facilities management specialists, Babcock, Cobham, Airbus Group, Rolls-Royce and Thales offering unparalleled depth of expertise in aerospace and defence, delivered to the ‘front line’ in support of the RAF. Director of Flight Operations, Iain Cullen, said: “In just four years, the high number of flights completed displays not only the level of requirement from the RAF for Voyager, but its adaptable use to suit many roles along

with its reliability and efficiency. It’s a great achievement and is proof of the dedication and hard work of all involved who continue

Tata-Lockheed Martin joint venture delivers 50th C-130J Super Hercules empennage

Photographs: AirTanker, Lockheed Martin

he 50th C-130J Super Hercules empennage assembly was delivered by Tata Lockheed Martin Aerostructures Limited (TLMAL) on September 16. TLMAL is a joint venture between Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) and Lockheed Martin Aeroframe Corporation located in Hyderabad. TLMAL was established in 2010, with production of C-130J Super Hercules airframe components beginning in late 2011. TLMAL not only exemplifies the Government of India’s ‘Make in India’ objectives, but it has the distinction of being the single global source of C-130J empennage assemblies included on all new Super Hercules aircraft produced in Marietta, Georgia, in the United States of America. Empennage assemblies produced by TLMAL include the aircraft’s horizontal and vertical stabilisers along with leading edges and tip assemblies. The TLMAL team also has manufactured 28 sets of C-130J center wing box components that include the front and rear beam assemblies, formers and trailing edge sections. “It is a moment of great pride and honor for TLMAL, our joint venture with Lockheed Martin, as it delivers the 50th empennage. The joint venture has been a great example of successful US-India Industrial partnership and a testimony to Lockheed Martin’s and Tata’s intent of developing aerospace manufacturing in India,” said S. Ramadorai, TASL Chairman. “I congratulate the operations team that has ensured all deliveries ahead of schedule to our customer and partner. I am certain that this performance will go a long

to provide this fantastic capability.” AirTanker has delivered 14 Voyager aircraft, all of which are equipped with Cobham Mission Systems 905E wing aerial refuelling pods. Five of the 14 aircraft are three-point capable tankers which also carry Mission Systems 805E fuselage refuelling units for refuelling larger aircraft. The 14 Voyager aircraft are available to the RAF over a 27-year period. Nine of the tankers are in the RAF’s ‘core’ line-up and the other five are considered ‘surge’ aircraft, meaning that they’re available to the RAF when needed, but otherwise are at the disposal of AirTanker for leasing to the civil market. The Voyager aircraft in use by the RAF are providing invaluable support to UK activities around the world - refuelling fighter jets as well as large aircraft, transporting troops and providing medical evacuation services and humanitarian assistance. SP

way in extending our partnership to a new level and help TASL achieve its vision to become the partner of choice for global original equipment manufacturers.” The C-130J Super Hercules is the proven standard in tactical airlift, providing a unique mix of versatility and performance to complete any mission, anytime, anywhere. It is the current variant of the C-130 Hercules, which has been in production for more than 60 years. More than 2,500 C-130s (legacy models and C-130Js) have been delivered to 63 customers currently operating out of 68 countries. The Indian Air Force operates a fleet of five C-130J-30s and has ordered an additional six Super Hercules. “As the world’s workhorse, the C-130J Super Hercules is counted on to support missions other airlifters simply cannot do. Quality and reliability are the C-130J’s hallmark and we rely on our suppliers to maintain those attributes. The TLMAL team does exactly this with the empennages and center wing components it manufactures,” said George Shultz, Vice President and General Manager, Air Mobility & Maritime Missions at Lockheed Martin. “Every empennage we receive from TLMAL is a direct reflection of its team’s dedication to and focus on quality. This milestone is one of many we plan to celebrate with TLMAL and its employees, who literally help the C-130J soar to great heights.” To date, all 50 empennages and 28 center wing box components have been delivered on or ahead of schedule. “Our team continues to demonstrate outstanding performance against all of our safety, quality, and schedule and cost metrics,” said Bob Owenby, Lockheed Martin’s Chief Operating Officer for TLMAL. “We could not ask for a better Indian partner in this venture. TASL’s unwavering commitment to success and world-class vision is very impressive and the core of our joint venture success.” SP

Issue 18 • 2016 SP’S MAI 21

Internal Security Breaches

Trump says Clinton’s security personnel should disarm

or the second time during the course of the US presidential campaign, Republican nominee Donald Trump invoked the possibility of Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton’s assassination. Trump, falsely telling a crowd in downtown Miami, Florida, last week that Clinton wants to “destroy” the Second Amendment, said the Secret Service detail protecting her should disarm. “I think they should disarm immediately,” Trump said. “Take their guns away, she doesn’t want guns. Take their — and let’s see what happens to her. Take their guns away. OK, it would be very dangerous.” “What do you think?” he said to cheers. In a statement, the Clinton campaign blasted Trump for his “pattern of inciting violence.” “Whether this is done to provoke protesters at a rally or casually or even as a joke, it is an unacceptable quality in anyone seeking the job of Commander in Chief,” Campaign Chief for Hillary Clinton Robby Mook said in a statement. “This kind of talk should be out of bounds for a presidential candidate.” SP

US voter systems vulnerable to breach

edly done by Russian hackers, said to be attempting to disrupt the presidential election. Russia has denied any involvement in this. SP

IndiGo security issue

Photograph: Michael Vadon / Wikipedia, SP Guide Pubns

ndiGo airlines suspended its ground staff at Srinagar Airport after investigations proved that the Chief Security Officer of the airport had breached security on April 1. A statement by IndiGo airlines said: “As per the internal investigation conducted by IndiGo, it was observed that Tilak Raj, Chief Security Officer at Srinagar Airport, the Airports Authority of India (AAI), flew from Srinagar to Delhi on flight 6E-436, April 1, 2016, using the boarding pass under the name of one Vimal Kumar, AAI official at Srinagar Airport. As per the inquiry, this passenger [Tilak Raj] was observed breaching the security protocols multiple times at Srinagar Airport.” SP

fter the Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump has alleged that there could be voter rigging, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has found it to be true. In Illinois and Arizona, the FBI said voter registration databases could be tampered with and has urged other states to tighten databases. The FBI issued an alert on August 18 but did not identify the intruders. Yahoo News first reported the story. Though there is no report of tampering, US intelligence agencies are worried about hacking, after the Democratic party e-mails were out in the open, report22 SP’S MAI Issue 18 • 2016