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NAMED NATIONAL FOUR-YEAR DAILY NEWSPAPER OF THE YEAR FOR 2020-21 IN THE COLLEGE MEDIA ASSOCIATION’S PINNACLE AWARDS

VOL. 158, NO. 42 | WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022 | SINCE 1934 | WWW.SJSUNEWS.COM/SPARTAN_DAILY

PHOTO COLLAGE BY NICK YBARRA; SOURCE: SPARTAN DAILY ARCHIVES

Administration

Shootings

Policy

Perception

Law enforcement: systems, values & changes

Families discuss loved ones shot and/or killed by police

Experts: police ties with homelessness, technology

Departments need defunding; TV feeds inaccurate narrative

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EDITORIAL

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

ILLUSTRATION BY NICK YBARRA

Policing in 2022 I

n the wake of George Floyd’s murder and the death of Breonna Taylor in 2020, the national conversation around policing has shifted to include calls for the defunding and abolishing the institution of police. Meanwhile, many police departments across the U.S. have increased their fundings, hired more officers and purchased more equipment for surveillance and crowd suppression. Though crime decreased during the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic in March 2020, crime has increased in many areas in 2021. San Jose itself had a lower murder rate in 2021 than in 2020, but violent crimes including rape, robbery and aggravated assault increased by more than 7% in 2021, according to SJPD crime statistics. Advocates in favor of defunding the police claim statistics and crime data are being misreported in an effort to justify police funding and policies. At San Jose State, UPD’s administration hired a new police chief, Michael Carroll, a veteran of the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office, in January. Many students and local community members have voiced concerns about police gunshot detection devices, use of force and community engagement before and during Carroll’s appointment as chief. A month before Carroll’s arrival, UPD and then-President Mary Papazian created the Task Force on Community Safety and Policing to “re-examine the role of policing” and explore

“alternate means to provide safety, intervention and care that prioritizes healing, restoration, and justice for all members of the community,” according to the Task Force’s webpage. Under Carroll, the department has adopted a “community policing” approach and members of the department, including UPD Capt. Frank Belcastro, have held and participated in community forums and insist they’re listening to concerned community members. Still, many feel conversations with UPD and SJPD haven’t done enough to address the severity and threat of police violence and power abuse. K’aun Green, a 20-year-old good samaritan who disarmed a man with a gun inside of La Victoria’s Taqueria on Fourth Street, a block west of campus, was shot four times by SJPD officer Mark McNamara. Green’s lawyers said officers failed to give Green enough time to drop the weapon he had confiscated from the attacker. Undercover SJPD officer Anthony Baza and his partner Hans Jorgenson were cleared in 2021 of any wrongdoing in the death of San Jose resident Demetrius Stanley, who Baza shot when Stanley, who was armed, approached their vehicle. Stanley’s family said the shooting was not justified as the vehicle was not a marked police cruiser and the officers failed to identify themselves as law enforcement. As people affected by police’s use of force

say they struggle for justice against corruption and abuse, officers say they’re afraid for their lives and are fighting to protect the public from violent crime. In some police departments, policies have shifted amid echoing cries of “defund the police.” Advocates of defunding and abolishing police departments contend that crime prevention in the forms of alleviating poverty, homelessness, mental illness and substance abuse would be better alternatives to the current criminal justice system. Police departments including UPD have incorporated input from psychologists to better respond to people experiencing mental health crises. As San Jose prepares to build a new jail facility to replace the aging structure of Elmwood Main Jail, discussion surrounding drug rehabilitation and mental health care, some of which are included in the new facility, have increased alongside protests condemning the new jail as an structure of mass incarceration in the Bay Area. To examine the complexities of policing in San Jose and at SJSU, the Spartan Daily has created this special issue devoted to understanding police policy, perceptions of police, recent officer-involved shootings and the changes in university administration. Follow the Spartan Daily on Twitter @SpartanDaily

ADMINISTRATION

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

SJSU PD updates policies, admin By Gio Gaxiola STAFF WRITER

San Jose State’s UPD has made several updates to its department this semester including a new police chief, more training and a community-safety report. Michael Carroll was appointed UPD Chief on Jan. 18 after working for the Alameda County Sheriff ’s Department for more than 20 years, according to past Spartan Daily reporting. Carroll said he has created new training programs for officers, including a cultural humility course. “As the Chief of Police, I have made it mandatory for all UPD personnel to participate in a four-hour cultural humility course that is certified by the California Police Officer Standards Training Program,” he said in a Zoom call. Carroll said since assuming his role, he has engaged in “difficult” conversations that lead to “sustainable” solutions. “Officers from the UPD have participated in robust conversations with the San Jose State University football team, several campus fraternities and student groups to identify ways UPD could better serve the community and build relationships on the university campus,” he said. Former SJSU President Mar y Papazian created SJSU’s Task Force on Community Safety and Policing, sparked by Black Lives Matter protests in 2020, to examine “critical safety issues,” including an assessment of UPD, according to the task force webpage. Papazian requested student, staff and faculty nominations for the committee to engage in July 2020 and it convened in September 2020 to engage in “relevant discussions,” according to the same webpage.

PHOTOS BY EVAN REINHARDT | SPARTAN DAILY

UPD Sergeant Chris Zonsius chats with Kiara Barajas, behavioral science senior, during his patrol through the Seventh Street Plaza Tuesday.

The group met throughout the fall semester to complete its work, releasing a 99-page report in December 2021 that included UPD data and community safety recommendations from the task force. According to the December report, there were

77 reported victims of crimes in UPD’s jurisdiction in 2021, with 45 being SJSU affiliates and 32 being non-affiliates. UPD’s jurisdiction includes the main campus, South Campus, which is located by 10th street, the SJSU president’s home, recognized

fraternity and sorority houses near campus and Spartan shops, according to the UPD Jurisdiction and Enforcement Authority webpage. The report also detailed that many students, faculty and community members are concerned about the department’s budget. UPD accounts for about 1% of the university’s overall budget, according to the same report.

to attend the academy. The May 4 open forum was in the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library. The UPD is allowed to have 35 officers on staff and each officer is required to do training at the San Jose Police Department Academy. The officers receive about 1,000 hours of training. Carroll said the department is looking to fill many of the vacant positions next fall. While the university has furthered initiatives, including the task force and new training courses, some students, including several of those who attended the UPD forum, believe that the university’s focus should be listening to the community and considering alternatives to policing. Lana Gomez, an SJSU alumna who is attending the university in Fall 2022 for her master’s degree in social work, Lana Gomez said she believes there are SJSU alumna still improvements needed in the department. “While the new police chief is UPD Capt. Frank Belcastro making changes to the culture said one of the most notable of the department, I will never changes he’s seen to the police feel safe while cops are allowed department is its community to have guns on campus,” outreach. Gomez said. “There was a time “We are moving away from a when I was a student where more traditional policing and four UPD officers swarmed my going to a community-oriented car, all because I was speeding policing,” Belcastro said in a in the parking garage. It wasn’t Zoom call. necessary and it gives me He said however, the trauma till this day.” d e p a r t m e nt c u r re nt l y Gomez said she hopes has a large amount of Carroll engages with students officer-position vacancies. and community members. “A shortage of staff has “I feel like the students’ affected us,” Belcastro said. voices have been left out,” “We can only have two she said. “I hope the new UPD officers at a time police chief uses a different during a patrol hour. community-driven approach.” We should have four in that patrol.” According to “A Conversation With Police And The SJSU Community”, a powerpoint presented by some UPD officers at a May 4 forum, there are currently 15 officers on the staff, two officers who are graduating from the academy Follow Gio on Twitter and one more committed @GaxiolaGio

I feel like the students’ voices have been left out, I hope the new police chief uses a diﬀerent communitydriven approach.

UPD Chief Michael Carroll speaks to attendees during his seminar on humility in policing on March 8 in the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library. Carroll began his role as chief in January 2022.

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ADMINISTRATION

WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

NEWS ANALYSIS

EVAN REINHARDT | SPARTAN DAILY

San Jose Police Department vehicles remain parked at the police station at 201 West Mission St., a few blocks from San Jose State, on Tuesday.

SJPD: Post-George Floyd protests By Bojana Cvijic NEWS EDITOR

After George Floyd was murdered by former Minneapolis police officer Derek Chauvin protests sparked across the U.S. and the world in a fight against police brutality, particularly against Black and Hispanic people. The San Jose Police Department (SJPD) was criticized for its response to the protests in May 2020, particularly Jared Yuen, who fired projectiles into the crowd while yelling expletives at the crowd, according to a video released by SJPD on July 22, 2020. Shaunn Cartwright, legal observer at the 2020 protests, said she was hit on the second day of the George Floyd protests. “A legal observer is a witness at protests, we’re not there on anybody’s side, we don’t carry signs or anything,” Cartwright said. Several protesters were injured in San Jose during the protests after police officers shot pepper spray projectiles, rubber bullets and tear gas into crowds, according to a June 10, 2020 San Jose Inside article.

Policies & reports A September 2020 SJPD analysis of the department’s handling of the George Floyd protests identified five key findings: a lack of training and experience, insufficient staffing, a need to review policies and protocols, insufficient equipment and poor media relations. A Feb. 22 report by the independent OIR Group, found “Many of the force deployments and acts of police aggression surprised and infuriated crowd members and at times did more to provoke than to discourage further resistance.” The OIR group is a consulting firm that specializes in independent police oversight and review, according to their website. San Jose State sociology professor Scott Myers-Lipton said he and William Armaline, associate professor of sociology and founding director of the SJSU Human Rights Institute, worked together on the Silicon Valley PAIN index, “which was their response to recent victims of police brutality at that time: George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor.” The Silicon Valley Pain Index

releases statistics every year that shows “white supremacy and income/wealth inequality in Santa Clara County.” “There’s incredible inequality going on here,” Myers-Lipton said. A private Facebook group called “10–7ODSJ” was exposed for hundreds of posts made by retired and active members of SJPD calling Black Lives Matter supporters “racist idiots” in a June 26, 2020 exposé written by an anonymous California law enforcement officer. In the same exposé, Islamophobic comments appeared about a Los Angeles Muslim woman who had her hijab pulled off by a police officer. “Hell, I would’ve pulled it over her face,” Mark Pimentel, then an active-duty San Jose motor unit officer said. Pimentel has since been terminated, according to a July 4, 2021 Mercury News article. A Feb. 24 report by the San Jose Independent Police Auditor illuminated how the “Latino community was disproportionately targeted during the George Floyd protests.”

Reforms After facing significant calls for reforms in the wake of May 2020 protests, SJPD Chief Eddie Garcia announced his retirement on Aug. 3, 2020. Anthony Mata, SJSU alumnus and current SJPD chief, was appointed to his position on March 22, 2021, according to the department’s website. In 1999, Mata was part of the fatal shooting of 46 year old Odest Mitchell, who was shot four times during a foot chase. Officers said they saw him holding a “shiny object” but an investigation by the Monterey County District Attorney’s Office found he was holding a pair of sunglasses, according to a March 17, 2021 San Jose Inside article. “When you keep promoting from within, I don’t think you can expect much change,” Shaunn Cartwright said. Another reform implemented by the City of San Jose is the Reimagining Community Safety board, which hopes to help identify ways the police department intervenes with social issues and reduce noncriminal social conflicts,

EVAN REINHARDT | SPARTAN DAILY ARCHIVES

Two SJPD oﬃcers monitor ﬁve detained individuals during a drug arrest near SJSU on Aug. 25, 2021.

according to a March 17, 2021 City of San Jose report. Some Reimagining Community Safety board members resigned on April 29, 2021, claiming the advisory group was trying to “downplay the need for police reform,” according to an April 29, 2021 NBC Bay Area News article. William Armaline, also a former Reimagining Community Safety board member, said things fell apart as the board moved forward. “If we think we realized by the third and fourth meeting, we’re having to argue with people, literally argue with people in the committee on whether or not racist police violence is a problem,” Armaline said. San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo signed the “Obama Foundation’s Mayors Pledge” in 2020, which pledged to review SJPD’s use of force policies, according to the San Jose Government website.

“They’re just like, ‘Oh, they’re meeting the Obama recommendations. Great, moving on,’ because everyone just wants this to pass,” Cartwright said. “I think they need to recognize that there are people with permanent, life-altering injuries. There are people with permanent mental injuries from this.” Armaline said the Reimagining Community Safety board is expected to report its recommendations and implementations for community safety during the city council meeting on May 10. Lou Dimes, president of Black Liberation and Collective Knowledge (B.L.A.C.K.) Outreach, a local community organization in San Jose, said action in San Jose has been hollow and performative. “The sad thing is though, if you look in other cities, they followed the trend, but they actually got some stuff that actually had some

tangible change,” Dimes said. “Pretty much all we have in San Jose is ‘Black Lives Matter’ flags and Barack Obama Boulevard.” Some of the recommendations included having more social workers and mental health specialists respond to certain calls while reducing the police budget. The Reimagining Community Safety Board presented over 100 recommendations for reforms in policing to city council Tuesday night in an hour-long presentation which was cut short by Mayor Liccardo. “Which is a testament to the fact that they just don’t want to hear this stuff,” Dimes said of Liccardo capping the presentation. “They don’t care.”

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

Get to know: 2022 county district attorney candidates By Eva Martin

or district, according to the Cornell Law School website. ging a The Santa Clara County DA is the top prosecutor, managing department of 620 employees and 190 prosecutors, accordingg to an For the first time since 2011, more than one candidate is running April 18 San Jose Spotlight article. for the Santa Clara County District Attorney position. The DA prosecutes criminal and civil offenses including homicides, micides, Candidates include: Jeff Rosen, who’s been the county’s DA for frauds, domestic violences and drug trafficking. more than a decade; Sajid Khan, the county’s deputy public defender; The primary election will be held on June 7. The Spartan Daily aily had and Daniel Chung, former deputy DA in Rosen’s office. Zoom calls with the three candidates, respectively. A DA is a public official who’s appointed or elected to represent the state in criminal judicial proceedings in a specific judicial county STAFF WRITER

in the direct primary election on June 7.

Jeff Rosen I

’m running for reelection as district attorney to reduce crime, reduce incarceration and increase trust between law enforcement and the communities that we serve,” Rosen said. He said he wants to reduce crime by “vigorously” prosecuting repeat offenders, reinforcing preventive programs and settling “good” rehabilitation services. Rosen said he would also lower incarceration numbers because it’s expensive for the community and not adapted for non-violent offenders. He said he believes in alternatives from prison for low-level and first-time felons. “Before I took office [in 2011], there were 5,200 or 5,300 people in our jail,” Rosen said. “Today, there are around 2,3002,400, so more than a 50% decrease and we’ve been able to do that safely.” He said the money spent on incarceration could be used on crime-victim services and police officer hiring instead, which is the “most cost effective way of reducing crime.” Rosen said the San Jose Police Department (SJPD) isn’t as efficient as it could be because it doesn’t have many officers. “We have fewer police officers per capita in San Jose than any large city in the United States,” he said. “Trying to tear down the police department, that doesn’t make the department better, that makes the department worse.” Rosen said he views his role as DA as a “bridge” between police and the community.

He said that police officers “do a great job for our community”, and when a police officer isn’t charged after an officer-involved shooting, the DA’s office releases detailed public records including photos, audio recordings and camera footage that detail what happened and why the shooting was justified. Rosen said he wouldn’t file more charges that are only based on “resisting arrest” because it has been one of the most racially disproportionate prosecutions in the criminal justice system. “About 18% of all of the resisting arrest prosecutions in our county were of African Americans, who only make up about 2-3% of our county’s population,” he said. He said his office has held law enforcement members accountable, akin to any other citizens as he’s prosecuted more than 60 officers. Rosen said in his time as DA, he established community prosecutors to help neighborhoods with higher crime rates and build trust with communities experiencing high crime rates. “The way that we serve and protect the community is based on the community trusting that the police and prosecutors will be fair, professional, honest, empathetic and hardworking,” he said.

Daniel Chung I

think it’s time for change after [the] 12 years of DA Rosen has been there, 12 years and he never had a challenger since getting elected,” Chung said. “My priorities are fighting for public safety, victims’ rights and systemic changes.” Chung said as DA, he would enforce laws and pursue balanced reforms, adding that a DA’s main responsibility is to preserve public safety and pursue justice. He said based on the SJPD crime statistics website, violent crimes and property crimes are increasing because he believes the current DA Rosen has too “soft” of an approach to criminal prosecution. “My platform is about really restoring justice and making sure that we also uplift people in our community here in Santa Clara County,” Chung said. He said he would also reform the DA’s office to have clear training and standards for prosecutors regarding how to charge and evaluate cases. Chung said he would also implement a vertical system of prosecution, with one prosecutor in charge of a case through the beginning to the end of the process. He said he thinks it would resolve cases faster and build victims’ trust. “If it was a vertical system where [there’s] one prosecutor that you

develop trust with and you develop a relationship with, then you could really rely on that prosecutor and get regular updates,” he said. Chung said he believes defunding the police is a “terrible” idea because police officers need to be well funded, well staffed and well trained in every city. “Police departments across the county that are understaffed, under-resourced,” he said. “They can’t respond to even emergencies in quick time anymore.” Chung said police officers need to be more engaged with neighborhoods to develop community trust. He said he supports incarceration alternatives for first-time and non-violent offenders but believes Santa Clara County is too flexible with repetitive offenders and gives “way more than second chances.” “We’re gonna prosecute everybody fairly and with integrity,” Chung said. “When the community sees that . . . people are being held accountable, including higher officials in our community, that’s when they’re going to begin to trust us again, especially minority communities like Black communities and Hispanic communities.”

Sajid Khan I

’m running for district attorney to heal systemic racism, fight mass incarceration, address root causes of harm in our community and [build] a justice system that ensures and protects the safety and dignity of all people here in Santa Clara County,” Sajid Khan said. Khan said if elected as DA, he would end the “school to prison pipeline” by ending the prosecution of children as adults. He said he was involved in SB 1391, which ended the practice of prosecuting 14 and 15 years olds as adults, and he would end prosecution of 16 and 17 year olds as adults if elected as DA. Khan said he would also invest in mental health treatment, substance abuse services, trauma-informed care and other alternatives to incarceration that would make the community safer. “When crime does occur in our community, we have to respond with individualized evidence based sentences and responses . . . that actually address the root causes of harm,” he said. Khan said he would no longer enforce the three strikes sentencing law and gang enhancements that result in disproportionate, excessive sentences. California’s three strikes sentencing law is increasing penalties and punishment for a defendant convicted of a prior serious felony, according to California courts website. If an offender commits a serious or

violent felony after two prior strikes, the offender can be sentenced to a 25-year-to-life sentence. “What [the three strikes law] ends up doing is attaching a purely punitive prison response to harm in our community,” Khan said. He said gang enhancement prosecution is primarily levied upon people of color and are rooted in discriminatory police tactics. “When gang violence does occur in our community, it’s really important . . . that we respond not just with a punitive response but with a response that addresses why this gang behavior is happening,” Khan said. He said he supports police-allocated-budget reform and increasing investment in community programs. “We need to stop asking police officers to respond to things like mental health and homelessness and instead reallocate those resources towards other experts and professionals that are better equipped to respond to those calls,” Khan said. He also said to rebuild trust between police officers and the community, especially with Black and Latinx communities, people need to see that prosecutors are holding police officers accountable. “We have a problem of police officers killing our fellow human beings in San Jose,” Khan said. “The way we stop that is through real police accountability from our DA office.”

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SHOOTINGS

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

SHOOTINGS

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

NV A

Individuals shot by San Jose Police Department oﬃcers

amilies of those shot by San Jose Police spoke about their experiences and activism after loved ones were left critically injured or dead when officers implemented deadly force. Deadly force is used for the apprehension of suspects believed by officers to have committed a felony with deadly force

or threat, or is suspected of creating potential serious injury or death if not apprehended immediately, according to the SJPD Officer Involved Shootings-FAQ webpage. Phillip Watkins was shot in 2015 after SJPD officers responded to his mental health crisis. Demetrius Stanley was fatally shot by undercover SJPD officers in 2021. On March 27, Contra Costa College student K’aun Green was shot by SJPD less than a block from campus. Their families say they have been deeply affected by police violence. Sharon Watkins, Watkins’ mother and San Jose State lead software

support specialist, said after her son’s death she found community am among other families that have lost loved ones to police brutality. “I was one of those people that when you see it on the news befo before it happened to Phil, I would think it was just a few people,” Watkins said. “Then it happened to me.”

K’aun Green: shot on March 27, 2022 Nancy Robles, member of Party for Socialism and Liberation, a Bay Area advocacy group, helped organize the April 1 protest with several other community organizers. “What needs to happen is accountability,” she said in K’aun Green, 20, was shot four times by San Jose Police on March 27 at La Victoria Taqueria, a phone call. “Thankfully, [Green is] okay – recovering, about a block away from San Jose State University, but that really isn’t enough.” Robles said she believes the police according to a March 31, NBC News article. officers involved should be fired. Green, who was later hospitalized after the incident, Green, his family and legal was allegedly disarming a gunman when a team filed a federal lawsuit fight broke out in the restaurant, his attorney on April 6 against the Adante Pointer said. City of San Jose alleging Pointer said police asked his client that police used to ‘drop the gun’ without giving Green excessive force and “a second” to understand the violated his civil rights. instructions or drop the gun, according to Additional footage the same article. of the incident was San Jose Police Chief Anthony Mata revealed on Tuesday, said in a March 29 press conference that with police bodyGreen “refused orders to drop the handgun” camera and security and it was “impossible” for officers to footage revealing “a new know Green’s role in the restaurant fight ES level of detail” of the during the incident. BL RO incident, which shows a man In an April 7 Zoom news conference, Green CY N PH NA OTO CO UR T E S Y O F appearing to start a fight spoke publicly for the first time since he was shot. with Green, according to a Tuesday “It hurt to be treated like a criminal when all you wanted to do was save you and your friends’ life,” Mercury News article. After Green punches the man, a 30 year old man Green said. Since the incident several protests have occurred in police identified as Brian Carter raises a handgun and San Jose in support of Green, including one held on Green helps his friend take possession of the handgun, April 1, where advocates called for “officer accountability,” according to the same article. The police compilation released on Tuesday also according to past Spartan Daily reporting. By Madilynne Medina EXECUTIVE EDITOR

identified the officer who shot Green as Mark McNamara, a four-year SJPD officer. The newly released footage shows Green walking backward and McNamara yelling for Green to drop the gun. A combination of body camera and surveillance footage show Green turned slightly and as he recognized the officers he appeared to show hands and McNamara fired four shots, according to the same Mercury News article. Robles said her organization and several others are calling for “community oversight of police.” “There also needs to be more transparency between the police department and the community as to how and why [officer-involved shootings] things happen,” she said.

INFOGRAPHIC BY LINDSAY VILLAMOR; SOURCE: SJPD OFFICER-INVOLVED SHOOTINGS FAQ WEBPAGE,

Phillip Watkins: died on Feb. 11, 2015 Follow Madilynne on Twitter @madilynneee according to the DA report. In the wake of her son’s death, Watkins said many defined his death as atkins, 23, was in the middle of a mental “suicide by cop.” health crisis on Feb. 11, 2015, when he This was also noted in the DA report, as Santa called the police from his fiance’s mother’s house at Clara County DA Jeffrey Rosen and Deputy DA 1377 Sherman St. in San Jose and said a man armed Charles Gillingham stated Watkins was “intent on with a knife was trying to break in, according to a dying at the hands of police officers.” Sept. 29, 2015 District Attorney’s office report “It is not a legal term. It on Watkins’ death. is sometimes something Watkins fabricated the scenario that they use to push the and when arriving San Jose Police fault on the victim,” Department officers James Soh Watkins said. “I mean, if he and Ryan Dote saw Watkins was standing on a bridge coming toward them holding a threatening to go kill four-inch blade, they warned himself, would [they] go him to stop and drop the knife. shoot him?” When he didn’t, they shot him She said victims’ deaths “multiple” times, and he died later at affect their children, which she a local hospital, according to the same witnessed as her granddaughter report. experienced her father’s absence Sharon Watkins said they shot her in the years following his death. son within five minutes of arrival and “After about a year, when S E Y IV CH believed they didn’t approach the situation AM I S U she was about four, she would R N| YA SPA RTA N D A IL with de-escalation in mind. say, ‘Grandma, when is God going to let “I think a lot of times they just go to get rid dad come home and take me to the movies?’ ” of the problem, what they perceive to be as She said. “You know, how do you answer that? I said, the problem,” Watkins said. “And they know ‘he’s real, real busy doing stuff for God.’ ” that [it [it’s] s] going to be very little to none, none of She also said she felt families of those killed by police officers are treated worse than criminals their responsibility.” t he i r d e at hs as t he y ’re Soh and Dote were “justified” in their af te r use of force because of great threat questioned by police officers after of death or bodily i n j u r y , “the worst thing that you ever thought could happen to By Christina Casillas MANAGING EDITOR

Demetrius Stanley: died on May 31, 2021 By Madilynne Medina EXECUTIVE EDITOR

Demetrius Stanley, 31, was shot and killed on May 31, 2021 after being confronted by plainclothes undercover police officers near his home, according to a June 2, 2021 San Francisco Chronicle article. San Jose Police Chief Anthony Mata said in a June 2, 2021 press conference that Stanley was being surveilled in connection with an armed robbery that occurred in March 2021. Mata said one officer was in an unmarked car and another was on foot when Stanley came out of his home with a gun and began to move toward officers. He said the officer heard the sound of a gun being racked and ran away to “avoid confrontation.” Surveillance video of the incident showed that eventually Stanley tucked the handgun away, but as he was walking toward his home he stopped at the unmarked vehicle. Mata said Stanley opened the officer’s door, pointing a gun and “fearing for his life,” the officer shot Stanley. Kiran Lake, community advocate and Stanley’s niece, said she remembers hearing the shots on the night of the incident. Lake said she was at her partner’s home a few minutes away from Stanley. “I heard three shots – I heard a rapid like one two and then there’s a space and then there’s a third and my heart dropped,” she said in a phone interview. “Not because I knew what happened, but it felt so close to home – it was like when you get that feeling like something’s wrong.” Many of Stanley’s family members and supporting

community members believe he was unaware that he was “Get the fuck out of here, police!” and “almost simultaneously” being confronted by officers on the night of the incident and firing four shots at Stanley, according to the same article. “In that split second, Officer Baza had no other reasonable he was wrongly killed by police. choice than to shoot Stanley to save his own life,” Several protests have occurred in San Jose in support Deputy DA Rob Baker wrote in the report. of Stanley, including one with dozens of people District Attorney Jeff Rosen cleared marching on Guadalupe Freeway, according Baza of criminal liability, according to to a June 2, 2021 ABC 7 article. the same Mercury News article. Stanley’s family and activists believe Lake said after Stanley was Stanley was protecting himself, his home shot, her perception of the and his family. San Jose Police changed. Lake said on the same day of “Every time I see a car now Stanley’s death, he called her saying I just get like – I get like this there were people outside her car a few bowl of anxiety and when things hours prior to the shooting. first happened, I would get kind She said following Stanley’s death she of emotional about it,” she said. initially “blamed herself ” and felt guilty. “Like I wouldn’t necessarily cry, but “It’s like maybe I could have done KE I would feel my eyelids really strong something or maybe I could have seen [the LA AN like sadness or really strong like anger.” undercover officers] and I could have called IR FK O Lake added that Stanley’s death has them out,” Lake said. “This incident didn’t Y P H O TO S E T COUR made her “stronger in advocacy” but sometimes happen because of something that I didn’t do – like this happened because of those plainclothes officers’ behaviors it can be overwhelming. and what they were doing.” She said when attending other protests, it’s difficult to think On Sept. 15, 2021, the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s about other individuals who were shot by police without also office released a report identifying Anthony Baza as the officer thinking about “her own personal loss.” who shot Stanley. “[Advocacy and protesting is] a little overwhelming, but Two days after the shooting, officers described the I feel as though it’s my obligation, you know, out of my love incident as “escalating so quickly that Baza did not have for my uncle and out of, you know, just the fact that I am a time to identify himself, according to a Sept. 17, 2021 Black person in America,” Lake said. Mercury News article. Follow Madilynne on Twitter However, according to the DA’s Sept. 15, 2021 report, @madilynneee prosecutors cite the surveillance video as Baza saying

you just happened.” Because of this, Watkins, other families who’ve lost people to police brutality and Silicon Valley De-Bug have been working on a police violence victim bill of rights, Watkins said. Some of their requests include omitting mugshots on TV and not being interrogated at police stations after police violence occurs. Her daughter often questions her about why she continues to “retraumatize” herself by being active in the community and pushing for reform, but she said it’s so those around her don’t forget her son and those others who’ve died from police violence. “There are some people that have gotten frustrated and have stopped and that’s okay because I’ll keep going . . . I’ll fight for their loved ones,” Watkins said. “I feel it’s like a calling to be honest with you. It’s not something that I want to do but it’s something that has to be done.”

Follow Christina on Twitter @christina_casi

PHOTO COLLAGE BY BRYANNA BARTLETT; SOURCE: CANVA

POLICY

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

Advocates, UPD split on homelessness By D’Netrus Chevis-Rose STAFF WRITER

With San Jose State’s campus being located downtown, students often traverse an area frequented by both the unhoused and the police. Students are likely to come across homeless individuals when in the downtown area or on campus and nearly 4,000 SJSU students are likely to experience homelessness each year, according to a Nov. 5, 2021 article from local Fox News affiliate KTVU. SJSU sociology assistant professor Preston Rudy said the primary function of police officers in the U.S. is to “protect property and people with property,” but the police don’t protect those without property. “The nature of inequality in our society today is producing collective action from organizational movements who are saying, ‘We want more people to be treated like human beings with dignity and respect,” he said. Rudy teaches a course titled “Poverty, Wealth, and Inequality.” “I try to explain to [my] students the political economy of our society, so we have to talk about the kind of capitalism that we have in the U.S.,” he said. Anthony Majano, SJSU sociology junior and president of the Student Homeless Alliance, said the group aims to help unhoused students by advocating for them. The Student Homeless Alliance is a studentled organization that focuses on solutions to homelessness and raising awareness of the university’s student homeless population, according to the group’s Instagram page. Majano said he believes the university police department and the San Jose Police Department (SJPD)

view homelessness as a crime rather than a fault in society. Being homeless in California is not illegal, but there are many local laws restricting loitering, littering, panhandling and building camps along freeways, creeks and trails. The Stop Trespassing on Private Property (STOP) program run by SJPD puts officers to work in protecting property when the owners are not present and they will enforce trespass or criminal citations, according to the SJPD website. The San Jose municipal code prohibits littering or scatter of garbage, furniture and appliances in any city park, according to the San Jose government website. The California Penal Code prohibits the act of soliciting and specifically asking people face-to-face in public spaces for money, as well as unlawful lodging of a tent at city parks or creeks, according to the San Jose Government website.

ILLUSTRATION

CROSSWORD PUZZLE 3

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SOLUTIONS

May 5th

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JOKIN’ AROUND

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SUDOKU PUZZLE

EGORIC

BY HANNAH GR

“He knew a shortcut!”

from campus or the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Library with no guidance on where to go is “ineffective.” Majano said as someone who gathers feedback through the Student Homeless Alliance from those affected by homelessness, he believes police officers often make homeless individuals feel “humiliated” and “dehumanized” or that they’re being “punished” for trying to survive. He said on-campus resources including SJSU Cares and the Student Homeless Alliance, as well as local food nonprofit programs including Sacred Heart, are not advertised enough to the unhoused students and individuals living on or near campus. “I think we as a community could raise awareness for these resources . . . to improve on these resources and make sure that these individuals take advantage of the resources available,” he said. Majano said the programs and resources alone won’t create the change that’s necessary; more funds need to be reallocated toward building shelter and low-income housing. “Of course they do need more funding,” he said. “Those programs are essentially just like a bandaid for this issue that has deep roots.”

Follow D’Netrus on Twitter @dchevisrose

CLASSIFIEDS 1

“Loitering in some places is a crime, which is just existing outside and sleeping on a bench,” Majano said in a phone call. “They seek to punish these individuals for just existing rather than giving them the systems that they need.” UPD Captain Frank Belcastro, who is in charge of operations and administration, said there is no overnight lodging on campus for unhoused individuals, but they are permitted to use campus resources. Belcastro said as students can lie on the grass and take a nap, so can unhoused individuals. “Any building that’s open to the public is open to any member of the community. The Student Union is open to the public, anyone can go in there and buy food. The library is open to the public,” Belcastro said in a phone call. He said UPD does remove homeless individuals from campus in some cases, including when they try to sleep overnight, but wouldn’t provide further information regarding removal. Maj a n o said removing a homeless member of the community

48. Fire fighter 51. Label 52. Trapped 54. Benne 56. Torments 57. Adhesive 58. Geeks 59. Direct DOWN 1. Red 2. Eye makeup 3. Picnic insect 4. Part portrayed 5. Abound 6. Pester 7. Legislate 8. Chills and fever 9. A strong drink 10. Idiom 13. Levels 14. Crones 15. Stash 16. Wrote out from speech 19. Brute 22. Earthenware 24. Bracelets 26. Withdraw gradually 27. Adult males 30. Fourth dimension 32. Consumes

33. A group of concubines 34. Feeling compassion 35. Go-between 38. Film material 39. Fantasizer 40. Upswell 42. Coercion 44. Wingless bloodsucking insect 45. Weary 48. Carnival 49. Snakes 50. Tidy 53. North northeast 55. South southeast

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POLICY

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

SJSU tech experts: artificial intelligence in policing is flawed By Royvi Hernandez & Saumya Monga SCIENCE AND TECH EDITOR & A&E EDITOR

San Jose State community members and tech experts say most police departments, including UPD, use artificial intelligence technology for many aspects of the job. UPD operates a public safety video surveillance system to complement its anti-crime strategy, which helps allocate and deploy personnel and security in public areas, according to its 2020 Policy Manual. Among the technologies used at SJSU are automated license plate readers, gunshot detection systems and facial recognition, according to the same UPD manual. In 2017, SJSU officials announced the addition of at least 10 gunshot detectors that can identify loud noises including gunshots and pinpoint the location of the sounds, according to an Oct. 24, 2017 Mercury News article. Matthew Guariglia, who works with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, said gunshot detection involves microphones activated by gunshots. Electronic Frontier Foundation is an organization that is dedicated to user privacy and digital freedom, according to its website.

another issue within police technology. He said software and technology “almost always” has the biases of its creators. “At the end of the day when we look at the criminal legal system, we know that people of color have been prosecuted for crimes at a disproportionate rate as opposed to white people,” Dodge said. “So if the data is biased going in, then the results are going to be biased going out.” At SJSU, Asian Americans are 34.7% and Hispanic and Latinx are 27.2% of the student body, making up the largest demographic groups, according to the university’s Fall 2020 student quick facts. SJSU lecturer for “Storytelling in the Age of Intelligent Machines” Nick Stojanovic said there should be more transparency around how some of the algorithms are created and used. “I would like to see more agency on our part as civilians . . . perhaps more regulation around how that data is used and transparency about how that data is used in terms of storage, sharing and other ways they could potentially use it as well,” Stojanovic said in a phone call. He said the key feature of policing is judgment. “One of the main criticisms of where artificial intelligence is right now is that they don’t possess

You know, we joke about, ‘Hey, mister FBI person listening to this call.’ You know, we make these jokes and we call it privacy nihilism [or] the idea that like, our privacy is already so totally gone so why care about it at this point? But the point is . . . if privacy is already gone, why are [governments, law enforcement and companies] trying so hard to take what’s left of it away? Matthew Guariglia policy analyst at Electronic Frontier Foundation Guariglia said the detectors approximate the location of the gunshot and send the sound to audio experts, who then verify if it’s a gun, which leaves room for human error. “From what we can tell, they don’t record all the time but if a loud noise sets them off, if you are standing in a parking lot and a car backfiring goes off because they’re very loud cars . . . what you say near that microphone in the seconds or even minutes after that car backfires is probably going to be recorded.” he said in a Zoom call. Ethan Dodge, a cyber security and tech expert who’s a San Jose Spotlight journalist, said SJSU uses equipment provided by V5 systems. V5 systems is a technology company that delivers a security solution that can be deployed in outdoor environments without having to use fixed power or modify existing land or structures to access power and connectivity, according to its website. “What this gunshot detection technology does is it places microphones within a geographical area and listens for loud noises and then the artificial intelligence tries to determine whether or not it was a gunshot,” Dodge said in a phone call. “If it does determine it was a gunshot then it alerts police and they can respond to that but the problem is it’s often incorrect.” He said in any situation, there may or may not be a gunshot but the police come to the scene and don’t know if someone fired a gun. Dodge emphasized racial bias within the algorithms of artificial intelligence is

the level of judgment that we do as humans,” Stojanovic said. “There’s a level of consensus that the level of judgment isn’t there and we can’t really ascribe that to the sort of autonomous policing entities that might be out there.” SJSU engineering professor Ahmed Banafa echoed that sentiment. Banafa said there need to be laws and regulations to limit the scope of such companies and who has access to the data. “There is always this challenge of security and privacy, more security, less privacy and vice versa,” he said in an email. “Companies and governments need to find the sweet spot where both meet without overshadowing each other.” Matthew Guariglia said most people are aware of surveillance technology because they’re surrounded by it and he would like them to find hope in those who are actively fighting back against police using the technology. “You know, we joke about, ‘Hey, mister FBI person listening to this call.’ You know, we make these jokes and we call it privacy nihilism [or] the idea that like, our privacy is already so totally gone so why care about it at this point?” Guariglia said. “But the point is . . . if privacy is already gone, why are [governments, law enforcement and companies] trying so hard to take what’s left of it away?”

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ILLUSTRATION BY HANZ PACHECO

PERCEPTION

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 11, 2022

OPINION

Fund our community, not cops

Joaquin De La Torre STAFF WRITER

As a kid, I wanted to be a cop or a firefighter because in my eyes they were real life superheroes who risked their lives to help others. The rose-colored glasses of youth have been forcibly removed as images of police brutality circulate p y yyear byy yyear. the internet rapidly Defunding the police means reallocating its budget toward resources including bolstering cities’ mental health services and housing the homeless, who are often over-policed for simply existing. The San Jose Police Department’s budget for 2020-21 was $446 million and was the highest expenditure compared to every other city department,

according to the 2020-21 Adopted San Jose Operating Budget. This budget costs each one of San Jose’s 1.45 million citizens about $434 to operate the police department’s staff of about 1,700, according to both a Sept. 30, 2021 CBS News article and SJPD’s Department Information webpage. One of the arguments I often hear against defunding the police is, “Who is going to protect us from crime?” When looking at the data, police often don’t benefit the community. In 2018, SJPD made 15,384 arrests, with 76% of those arrests being for low-level offenses, according to a report by the Vera Institute. The department overpoliced neighborhoods of color, and for non-violent crimes Black people were arrested at a rate 2.44 times higher than white people, according to the same Vera Institute report. Disproportionate arrest levels are tied to a lack of funding for housing our city’s homeless population. A 2020 report conducted by Destination: Home and the Supporting Partnerships for Anti-Racist Communities, found 61% of Santa Clara

County’s homeless population is either Latinx or Black. Destination: Home is a public private partnership dedicated to ending homelessness in Silicon Valley, according to its website. The Supporting Partnerships for Anti-Racist Communities is an organization that supports those experiencing homelessness with a focus on mental health issues, according to its website.

Significant historical background My own identity as a queer person challenges me to consider historical events including the 1969 Stonewall Riots, and I have to ask myself, “What would I have done if the police were arresting me for simply

congregating with my queer friends?” The Stonewall Riots occurred in response to the constant raiding of gay bars in New York City by police. In 1969, homosexual acts were still illegal in almost every state, according to a June 13, 2019 History article. Historical events including the Stonewall riots and the Chicano Moratorium all highlight a similar pattern: Police’s priorities have always been to maintain social control of marginalized groups and protect property, not people. The Chicano Moratorium was a march led by Chicanx anti-war activists protesting the war in Vietnam on August 29, 1970. More than 20,000 people showed up, according to an Aug. 27, 2020 History article. The peaceful march was disrupted by Los Angeles police officers, who alleged that a liquor store clerk called saying that Chicanx were stealing from his store. Amid the chaos of police arresting protesters and tear gassing crowds three people were killed, including Los Angeles Times journalist Ruben Salazar. In order to fully understand the modern police force, we must understand how these civil

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servants were bound together. New York City established the first U.S. police force in 1844 in response to rising immigrant populations from Germany and Ireland who were offending the sensibilities of white anglo-saxon protestants, according to a Sept. 1, 2020 article by Britannica. While this is true, what the article fails to include is what inspired the first police force, which were slave catchers operating under slave codes, according to a July 13, 2020 New Yorker article. Slave codes were a special set of laws that governed how slaves were treated in Colonial America, according to the same New Yorker article. Put simply, through cultural diffusion our

force, according to a Feb. 26 Mercury News article. SJPD Chief Anthony Mata said in the same article the police department would need at least $1.1 million to prepare officers to properly deal with civil disobedience. That is laughable given its current budget and shows that police are ineffective when it comes to dealing with a majority of the situations they encounter. If we don’t fund our communities and search for police alternatives, public needs will continue to be neglected and stories of police/ community conflict will rise.

Disbanding the p police union

Some might argue that we need more accountability, but we will never see true police accountability as long the police department has a union. Consider the recent shooting of Contra Costa College student K’uan Green by an SJPD officer. Green was shot by officer Mark McNamara after he successfully disarmed an active shooter at La Victoria Taqueria in ILLUS TRATIO N BY B Downtown San Jose on IANCA RADER colonial slave codes March 27. influenced a man named Patrick The police withheld McNamara’s Colquhoun, an agent for British identity for more than a f cotton manufacturers to write month but placed him on an a book called “A Treatise on the administrative absence, according Police of the Metropolis.” to a May 10 CBS News article. That influenced British If they hadn’t had run in guns statesmen Robert Peel to convince blazing this would have merited Parliament to establish a police police some accolades, but force in London in 1829. instead they apprehended the

If we don’t fund our communities and search for police alternatives public needs will continue to be neglected and stories of police/community conflict will rise. Next thing you know, 15 years later, America hears of this police force and creates its own.

Modern day failures to “protect and serve” SJPD was highly criticized for its use of aggressive crowd-control tactics in 2020 during the George Floyd protests that included the use of rubber bullets, tear gas and other disproportionate displays of

wrong person and held him in custody for hours before letting his family know what happened. We need to reimagine policing in the U.S. because what we have right now was built on a legacy of inequality, oppression and stagnation. How much will we allow policing to take from us before we take a stand? Follow The Spartan Daily on Twitter @SpartanDaily

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PERCEPTION

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WEDNESDAY, MAY 10, 2022

ANALYSIS

ILLUSTRATION BY XENA SEO

Deconstructing TV ‘copaganda’ Media portrayal of law enforcement depicts police as ‘good guys’ Copaganda is a portmanteau of cop and propaganda. It’s when police departments use the media to depict themselves as heroic, fun-loving community members who outweigh bad-cop actions Crime dramas amp up violence and quick dialogue exposed in the news and social media, according to while delivering opposed but likable cop characters an Aug. 5, 2020 Teen Vogue article. who solve intricate crimes for TV. Capri Burrows, SJSU alumna and radio, TV and Today, the genre has never been more popular. film professor, teaches a special topics seminar that Crime shows outnumber every other drama subgenre, focuses on the portrayal of cops on TV. including family dramas and medical shows, on She said copaganda in one of her first modules. broadcast networks and is among the most-watched “[The police] are always working against this kind of series on TV, according to a June 20, 2020 character that they have in society where it’s like we article by The Hollywood Reporter. know you were corrupt for a while but they’re like During the September-May season of 2019-20 TV, ‘No, no, no, no, that’s all cleaned up and now we’re there were 19 crime shows on the broadcast networks, totally the good guys,’ ” Burrows said. which represents just under 20% of the 97 scripted When asked why she thinks police departments are shows that aired, according to the same interested in their portrayal in the media, Burrows Hollywood Reporter article. said there are very few professionals that value their Zaki Hasan, San Jose State radio, TV and film portrayals online and it’s especially prominent for professor who has expertise in media and culture, them because they’re funded by the government. said these shows have a long-standing social narrative In other words, cops need a good image because that has spanned decades. they need to be seen as good guys in order to receive “People have to recognize that television is funding, she said. television and fiction is fiction,” Hasan said. “There’s a lot of medical shows and hospital shows “It seems like an obvious thing to say and yet it’s and there’s a lot of stuff that’s distorted about how it actually works in the medical field and you’ll hear from those people sometimes, but their lobbying arms just aren’t the same as you get from these police unions,” Burrows said. She started her special topics course, RTVF-185, or “Cops on TV,” in 2020 after noticing some big networks were hiring consulting firms to help change the portrayal of cops in their shows. On Aug. 12, 2020, in the middle of national protests against police brutality, CBS Television Studios signed an agreement with law enforcement and public safety advisory group, 21CP Solutions, to consult writing staffs for CBS’s crime and legal dramas, according to an Aug. 12, 2020 Variety article. “A majority of Americans have had no contact with police, but everything that they know or think they know comes from media portrayals,” Burrows said. “That includes news, reality TV like ‘Cops,’ but it also Capri Burrows SJSU TV and film professor includes fiction, dramas, comedy movies.” Police procedurals are standard fare on TV, according to NPR’s Feb. 6, 2020 “Morning Edition” podcast episode. A recent study said the way TV hard to optimize now.” portrays police and the criminal justice system halt He also explained that when an audience spends attempts at reform, according to the same more time with a character while watching a TV NPR episode. show, the more they’ll support the character even as The study discussed in the NPR “Morning Edition” they skirt into a gray area. podcast breaks down which characters do the As more time is spent watching the lore of a show, wrongful actions, what kind of actions they are and the audience becomes complicit. what actors play on-screen roles. “I think ‘NYPD Blue’ is one of the greatest TV Audiences are left with a perception that this is series of all time but absolutely copaganda is a real what cops have to do in order to keep the general thing and it’s something that needs to be addressed,” public safe. Hasan said. Burrows said most of the cop shows get away with By Jennifer Schildge STAFF WRITER

A majority of Americans have had no contact with police, but everything that they know or think they know comes from media portrayals. That includes news, reality TV like ‘Cops,’ but it also includes fiction, dramas, comedy movies.

Police reform and all of the things that we do to physically change the police force is important but also our depictions of people or things in the media really play into the collective [consciousness] more than the reality. Kyle Dimmick SJSU radio,TV and film junior

cops doing the wrong things for the right reasons but as long as they get the “bad guy” then it’s portrayed as OK. “Breaking the rules and beating up suspects is often the only way that fictional TV cops are considered effective,” she said. Kyle Dimick, SJSU radio, TV and film junior, is currently in Burrows’ special topics seminar. Dimick said he was interested in taking the class because it deconstructs what a police show is, their history and how the “flaws that are present in damn-near every show” manipulate the public’s ideologies on policing. “Police reform and all of the things that we do to physically change the police force is important but also our depictions of people or things in the media really play into the collective [consciousness] more than the reality,” he said. A 2019 Norwegian study found that viewing habits can affect thinking, political preferences and even cognitive ability, according to a July 25, 2019 The New York Times article. The content replaces more enlightening ways of getting information or spending time. “I think it’s imperative that we educate people on the way that media is impacting their modes of thinking,” Dimick said. “Or at the very least, feed people content that’s progressive.”

Follow Jennifer on Twitter @kyiojen