THURSDAY, FEB. 13, 2020 | VOL. 154, NO. 10 | SINCE 1934
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Alleged obstruction: CSU faces unfair practice charge California Faculty Association claims SJSU stalled tenure grievance process By Christian Trujano & Mauricio La Plante NEWS EDITOR & ASST. NEWS EDITOR
On Feb. 12, the California Faculty Association released a statement stating it filed an unfair labor practice charge alleging the university violated the Higher Education Employer-Employee Relations Act. The association maintains that SJSU “management” is interfering with union activities and faculty members’ rights to raise retention, tenure and promotion concerns.
JUNE 2019 California Faculty Association files nine grievances alleging elements of unfairness in the retention, tenure and promotion process. Seven of the cases involved women of color.
JUNE – AUGUST 2019
Senate on Sept. 15, 2019. The unfair practice charge alleges that Wright called California Faculty Association Field Representative Oscar Santillano about the association’s communications with the Academic Senate. Wright allegedly accused the California Faculty Association of avoiding the grievance process in the collective bargaining agreement by sending the confidential memo to the Academic Senate, according to the charge documents. Santillano disputed Wright’s alleged claim of circumvention, according to the charge documents. In a memo to the Academic Senate on Oct. 18, 2019, Wright allegedly urged the senate to close its investigation of the matters raised in the Sept. 4, 2019 memo. She allegedly wrote that the Academic Senate and Professional Standards Committee do not have jurisdiction to investigate complaints about “contractual violations,” according to the charge document. The memo from Wright read: “Would you kindly let the CFA Faculty Rights representative know that attempting to resolve grievances concerning the 2018-19 RTP process and/or complaints of discrimination via a method other than that prescribed by the [Collective Bargaining Agreement] violates Article 10 which was bargained for in good faith by CFA
The California Faculty Association filed an unfair practice charge against the California State University in December, according to documents filed with the Public Employment Relations Board. The charge alleges that San Jose State administration attempted to interfere with efforts by the California Faculty Association to address concerns about SJSU’s retention, tenure and promotion process. The California Faculty Association alleged that SJSU Senior Associate Vice President for University Personnel Joanne Wright obstructed faculty members’ right to share their grievances before the SJSU Academic Senate. The San Jose chapter of the California Faculty Association filed grievances in June 2019 for nine SJSU faculty members denied tenure or promotion, seven of whom were women of color. According to the California Higher Education Employer-Employee Relations Act, it is unlawful for employers to interfere with employees’ rights to share grievances. On Sept. 4, 2019 the Anti-Racism Social Justice Transformation organization of the California Faculty Association sent a confidential memo to the Academic Senate, detailing grievances about the seven women of color denied tenure or promotion. In order to decide whether the information in the confidential memo merited an investigation, the SJSU Academic Senate Executive Committee referred the memo to the Professional TENURE Standards Committee of the Academic Page A2
SJSU holds grievance meetings; president denies all grievances from California Faculty Association.
SEPT. 9, 2019 Marilyn Easter, Professor of Marketing and Business Analytics, sends a memo to SJSU Academic Senate Chair Ravisha Mathur alleging SJSU President Mary Papazian violated university policy by denying the nine grievances.
SEPT. 15, 2019 Academic Senate Executive Committee refers the memo to the Professional Standards Committee of Academic Senate for investigation.
OCT. 16, 2019 Joanne Wright, Senior Associate Vice President for University Personnel, accuses the California Faculty Association of trying to avoid the grievance process by sending the memo to Academic Senate.
OCT. 18, 2019 Wright issues a public memo urging Academic Senators to close the investigation.
DEC. 19, 2019 The California Faculty Association files an unfair practice charge with the Public Employment Relations Board.
FEB. 5 San Jose State rejects charge allegation. SOURCE: CALIFORNIA PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS BOARD UNFAIR PRACTICE CHARGE DOCUMENT; INFOGRAPHIC BY CHRISTIAN TRUJANO, MARCI SUELA AND VICENTE VERA
Vehicle burns up in campus parking lot By Brianna Sheats SENIOR STAFF WRITER
A BMW caught on fire near 10th and San Antonio Street last night in campus parking Lot 4. The car’s hood was destroyed by what is suspected to be a mechanical error, according to UPD Capt. Frank Belcastro. Four cars faced either drastic or minor damages from the incident. “I didn’t see what was going on, I just walked out and I came here after work,” Scott Jensen, a management information systems business professor, said. VICENTE VERA | SPARTAN DAILY Jensen’s car was involved in the fire and had University Police Department officers gather around a burnt and damaged BMW suffered the most damage with the right side of (left) that caught on fire in Lot 4 near Boccardo Business Center Wednesday night. his car burned and windows shattered.
A crowd of students evacuated the nearby Boccardo Business Center at around 7:30 p.m. because a strong burnt tire smell spread throughout the building. One police car pulled up to the scene to see what had caused the smell inside the building. “We just smelled something like a burnt tire and left the building, even people on the second floor smelt it,” business senior Jimbo Bustamante said. After 15 minutes, students were cleared to go back inside the building. Passersby covered their noses because of the severe stench. Follow Brianna on Twitter @briannaanna_
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NEWS
THURSDAY, FEB. 13, 2020
SJ changes traffic safety program budget By Diana Avila SENIOR STAFF WRITER
The San Jose City Council voted 8-1 to accept a budget increase for a transportation safety initiative in order to decrease traffic fatalities. The council agreed to a modification of the current plan, but granted no extra funds. The committee recommended the city increase the Vision Zero Action Plan budget to hire more police officers for traffic patrols and to improve infrastructure. The recommendation by the Transportation and Environment Committee to agree on a revision of the Vision Zero Action Plan to lower traffic fatalities in San Jose. During a Transportation and Environment Committee meeting on Feb. 3, committee members agreed on a new Vision Zero Action Plan and sent it to city council members for review and approval in Tuesday’s city council meeting. If approved, the new resolution would be adopted for the new fiscal year 2020-21. According to city records, the Vision Zero
transportation safety initiative was adopted by San Jose in May of 2015. Reports from city’s staff showed that traffic accidents increased 37% between the years of 2009 and 2018. In 2018, 195 people suffered critical injuries from traffic collisions, according to the reports. City staff said that marks the highest number of severely injured people within the last 5 years. “Given this program track record, it’s not working,” San Jose resident Diane Solomon said, addressing the council. Sixty fatal traffic crashes occurred in 2019, an increase from 52 in 2018, according to the reports. Solomon and many other San Jose residents shared their grief for the people that they lost to fatal traffic crashes during public comment. District 3, which includes San Jose State, has the most fatal traffic crashes within the city, said John Ristow, director of the Department of Transportation. The district witnessed a total of 5,544 crashes between 2014 and 2018 and 34 of those were fatal.
I myself am a recent retiree. I personally have almost been struck twice.
Joe Glenn
San Jose resident
“I myself am a recent retiree. I personally have almost been struck twice,” San Jose resident Joe Glenn said. Council members shared condolences to those who have lost their lives due to traffic collisions. “We take this issue very seriously,” Council member Deborah “Dev” Davis said. “I know me saying that is not going to take your pain away.” Davis addressed some of the comments made by the residents and several statistical reports. She explained the need to have a human aspect and said the reports could save lives. Council member Pam Foley said she doesn’t want research on fatalities to delay a resolution
that could lower the number of victims from traffic accidents. “I am in complete support of where we are going, but we need to move faster,” Foley said. Council member Sylvia Arenas shared concerns that her constituency, District 8, would not get as much support because it has the third lowest number of fatalities. District 8 had a total of 1,673 crashes between 2014 and 2018, with a total of 20 fatal collisions. Ristow confirmed the possibility that different districts would get different levels of support depending on their track record. “I love that this campaign is targeting our older residents, since they are the ones who are the most at risk,” Arenas said. District 10 Council member Johnny Khamis made the lone vote against increasing the budget. Khamis expressed condolences to the families of the victims and said the city had a responsibility to fund other city programs. Follow Diana on Twitter @dianaavila284
Artist shares snapshots of sexuality By Paul Hang SENIOR STAFF WRITER
Visual artist Jamil Hellu described himself as a “flamboyant” and “expressive” kid growing up, but it wasn’t until later in life that he learned his peers did not consider those attributes manly. “I had to really, sort of . . . Really age to kind of embody a different version of myself,” Hellu said.“It had to do with, again, what does it mean to be a man in the world?” It was not until 2005 that Hellu saw a photo of three gay teenagers executed in Iran that he realized the power of photography, which inspired him to embark on his own photography career. The significance of that photo left an impact on Hellu where the photo could lead a lot of meanings and words to the viewer. “I didn’t know that homosexuality was punished by death, by law in some country,” Hellu said. Hellu discussed his
photographic and video installations revolving around queer sexuality, cultural identity and masculinity among gay men during Tuesday’s art lecture series at San Jose State. The photos that were shown ranged from personal photos of Hellu and his friends and family. Hellu explained that these photos were to capture the “everyday-ness” that people go through. “I start to use my camera to think about intimacy, to think about people who are part of my community, people who are friends,” Hellu said. Some of the photos Hellu showed in his lecture followed a theme of intimate feelings toward his husband. Most of the photos taken with his husband were at home to show the experience of masculinity between two men living at home together. Hellu’s husband, Darrin, is also a visual artist and comic book aficionado.
TENURE Continued from page A1 and the CSU?” She went on to say in the memo, “I ask that all attempts to circumvent the Article 10 grievance process cease immediately.” The document said Wright’s alleged memo has discouraged participation by SJSU faculty members and the association in the affairs of the Academic Senate. “[Joanne Wright’s] action is chilling and is interfering in union activities. Further, her intrusion into the Academic Senate is truly inappropriate given the power and platform she already enjoys in her management role,” according to a statement from the California Faculty Association posted on its website Wednesday afternoon. “I am one of the seven women of color affected by the gendered
Hellu pulled up a picture of his husband wearing a cape which he considers to be a “relic” for his work. This cape later became inspiration for more of Hellu’s work. Hellu made a series called “Guardians of the Golden Gate” in 2012-13 revolving around alter egos or personas. The series had the subjects wearing costumes to express their ideology and identity. “It’s this idea of identity. It’s [the] idea of drag even, it’s [the] idea of . . . I have to wear this costume to present yourself a certain way,” Hellu said. He also discussed his recent work titled “HUES.” The photos follow a theme of color and culture identity within the LGBTQ+ community. The project focuses on Hellu and various collaborators as subjects of the portraits over colorful background and decorated costumes. He considers the project to
and racialized outcomes of the tenure and promotion process,” said Sang Hea Kil, justice studies associate professor and co-chair of the Anti-Racism and Social Justice Transformation organization, in a Wednesday news release. “After we submitted our letter to the Academic Senate, I received a form from HR implying that I could not organize with other women in my same position as a group and could only make an individual claim of racial injustice in regard to the tenure/promotion process we experienced.” Marilyn Easter, co-founder of the social justice organization, alleged in the Sept. 4, 2019 memo that SJSU President Mary Papazian had violated university policy when she denied the nine faculty members tenure and promotion, emphasizing the disproportionate denials against women of color. When faculty members go up for tenure or promotion, they have to put together
dossiers that demonstrate their work in three areas: teaching, committee service and research which includes published work, according to university policy. Faculty members then go through evaluations by committees at the department, college, dean and university levels. The university-level committee then makes a positive or negative vote and makes recommendations to the provost, who makes one last round of recommendations
The Spartan Daily prides itself on being the San Jose State community’s top news source. New issues are published every Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday throughout the academic year and online content updated daily.
EXECUTIVE EDITOR CHELSEA NGUYEN FLEIGE
PHOTO EDITOR JOHANNA MARTIN
MANAGING EDITOR BRENDAN CROSS
SPECIAL PROJECTS EDITOR VICENTE VERA
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SCIENCE & TECH EDITOR KUNAL MEHTA
CREATIVE PRODUCER MELODY DEL RIO
SOCIAL MEDIA EDITOR JAILEANE AGUILAR
NEWS EDITOR CHRISTIAN TRUJANO
CONTENT EDITOR VICTORIA FRANCO
ASST. NEWS EDITOR MAURICIO LA PLANTE
COPY EDITORS OLIVIA BOWMAN ERICA LIZARRAGO COURTNEY VASQUEZ
A&E EDITOR ALYSON CHUYANG OPINION EDITOR CHRIS CORE SPORTS EDITOR JESUS TELLITUD
work and his evolution as a photographer. Lin mentioned that a course she’s taking corresponds with the lecture’s content. “We’re exploring for serious health photograph, so this can be an inspiration,” Lin said. Photography junior Mel Chircop found the lecture
Statement from the California Faculty Association posted on its website Wednesday afternoon
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be a “mechanical” process as Hellu and his collaborators have to discuss what they want their shots to be like. “We think about what we’re wearing,” Hellu said. The lecture received positive reception among art students and attendees. Digital media art graduate student Shi Yao Lin praised Hellu’s
[Joanne Wright’s] action is chilling and is interfering in union activities. Further, her intrusion into the Academic Senate is truly inappropriate given the power and platform she already enjoys in her management role.
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Visual artist Jamil Hellu explains the depiction of queer sexuality, cultural identity and masculinity among gay men in his art work during his lecture on Tuesday.
SPANISH COPY EDITOR DIANA AVILA GRAPHICS EDITORS CINDY CUELLAR NATHAN DOYLE
to Papazian, who makes the final decision. Wright, SJSU Provost Vincent Del Casino and SJSU Academic Senate Chair Ravisha Mathur did not respond to numerous requests from the Spartan Daily for comment. In a statement to the Spartan Daily, Christine Hutchins, senior associate vice president for strategic communication and marketing responded to these allegations saying: “San Jose
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State University respects the right of faculty members to appeal tenure and other RTP denials, WRIGHT as well as the faculty union’s rights under the [Collective Bargaining Agreement], and the university strongly disagrees it has interfered with any such rights.” Hutchins continued with saying: “In regards to the promotion process, as previously covered by the Spartan Daily, SJSU has created a task force dedicated to providing more resources, including workshops and mentoring, and enhancing support for all faculty members who pursue professional growth.”
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to be inspiring as a fellow photographer who has projects in the work. “I was just really inspired by his work and how deep he was able to put his own self in his work,” Chircop said.
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EDITORIAL POLICY Columns are the opinion of individual writers and not that of the Spartan Daily. Editorials reflect the majority opinion of the Editorial Board, which is made up of student editors.
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OPINION
THURSDAY, FEB. 13, 2020
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Romance isn’t dead, it’s evolved Bryanna Bartlett STAFF WRITER
Millennials and Generation Z have changed dating culture, leaving Generation X and baby boomers to proclaim that romance is dead. Although “Fast sex, slow love” may be the new motto, romance is still prevalent. Pew Research Center established that millennials are people born between 1981-96, and Gen Zers are people born between 1997-2012. Young adults in these generations are accused of killing many trends, but love is not one of them. They are doing quite the opposite. In 2018, USA Today announced young millennial women were almost entirely responsible for the 18% decrease in divorce rates. They will put a ring on it eventually; they’re just doing it differently than their parents. Instead of “killing” love, they are killing divorce. Young adult millennials and Gen Zers are too financially conscious and independent to get involved in relationships in their early twenties.
There is barely room for love when they’re stressed, depressed and trying to build a future for themselves. Love is not dying; it is evolving in order to fit the lives of millennials and Gen Zers. The millennial term “Fast sex, slow love” was coined by Helen Fisher, an anthropologist who studies romance and is a consultant on the dating app Match.com. The term best describes the casual and simple millennial attitude toward sex, while also having the cautious attitude toward something serious that can lead to either heartbreak or marriage. Millennials and Gen Zers should have the kind of relationships that are low investment and cost beneficial. A committed relationship does not have to be in the equation so soon just because it was for earlier generations. In 2018, Match.com reported that 40% of young singles need to accept themselves before looking for love, 23% said they put their career first and 20% said they need to reach a certain income rate to search for a relationship. Millennials and Gen Zers are buying less from industries such as cars and real estate, but it is not from a lack of interest, rather a lack of income.
ILLUSTRATION BY NATHAN DOYLE
A committed relationship does not have to be in the equation so soon just because it was for earlier generations. Economists at the Federal Reserve found that millennials specifically are less well-off than generations when they were young. College to post-grad young adults are receiving lower earnings, fewer assets and less wealth.
Upcoming generations are at war, fighting to get to a seat in self-completion before they settle down and think about commitment. The idea of commitment and love should not be the first step to adulthood
anymore. The first steps of adulthood should be making it out of college and finding stability in society. In another article by The New York Times, Fisher wrote about the generations’ dating culture. Along with the millennial and Gen Z long pre-commitment stage, she said that today’s young adults have a lot of time to learn about themselves, fixate their careers and learn how to deal with other partners. The USA Today article continued to say that since the ’90s, the prevalence of
divorce for people under age 45 levels off. Whereas the divorce rates continue for people above the age of 45. Apart from slow love, there is fast sex and simplicity. The New York Times reports showed that over half of millennials who said they have had a “friendswith-benefits” relationship said it evolved into a romantic relationship. A friend with benefits is quite literally a friend, but with sex. The fact that this kind of relationship often evolves proves that when they are ready, love will happen for the latest generations. Earlier generations might look away with disgust, but a “friends with benefits” relationship is the type of companionship that millennials and Gen Zers can afford for the time being. In 2018, The Atlantic said that millennials are brought into a ‘social contract’ that says, “Everything will work out, if you first go to college.” Millennials and Gen Zers are abiding by that ‘social contract,’ taking out student loans and getting a degree at the cost of romance. Love may be caught in the crossfire, but it is far from dead.
Follow Bryanna on Twitter @brybartlett
One lie shouldn’t kill a movement Chris Padilla STAFF WRITER
Two years ago, actress Amber Heard wrote an oped for The Washington Post that was widely interpreted to be at least in part about her ex-husband, actor Johnny Depp. In the op-ed, she said speaking out about being a victim in a domestic abuse case made her a target for the public’s ire and that her abuser was protected from retribution. In the wake of the abuse allegations, Depp’s career seemingly suffered a
downturn with avid criticism and Depp’s lawyer alleged that Depp would be dropped from the “Pirates of the Caribbean” films. Heard, on the other hand, would go on to find success, getting the high profile role of Mera in the film “Aquaman” and became one of the faces of the #MeToo movement. Last week, the Daily Mail revealed audio that tells a different story, one where Heard looks to be the alleged abuser instead. The two audio files seemingly paint a picture of a harried and frightened Depp attempting to reason with someone who has harmed him more than once. This puts the #MeToo movement in an interesting place, since it seemingly makes Heard into the straw
man that detractors of the movement often envision: a woman is falsely accusing a man of abuse. With this occurring, should we still agree that we need to believe
they are as Depp describes them to be, are monstrous. But this is only one case, an exception rather than the rule. The #MeToo movement gives women the courage to
The #MeToo movement gives women the courage to call out their abusers, even in the face of overwhelming negative public opinion. the victims of abuse and violence immediately? Of course. There is no question that Heard’s actions, if
call out their abusers even in the face of overwhelming negative public opinion. Far more people need to have their voices heard when
they call out those in power than people who are brazen enough to abuse the system for their own gain. Imagine if someone used their power and influence to commit a crime against another person, had it videotaped and submitted to the police as evidence, only to walk off scot-free. Well, you don’t have to imagine it, because it happened. According to the BBC, R. Kelly allegedly urinated on and had sex with an underage girl, only to be found not guilty. Two years later, he was allegedly caught with underage pornography only to have the charges dropped against him. That is why we need to believe the accusers until proven otherwise, because
people like R. Kelly can get away with essentially being caught red-handed because of the power and influence they wield. It is a credit to the #MeToo movement that the weight of accusations against Harvey Weinstein have finally proven enough to see him on trial, despite allegedly sexually harassing or raping dozens women for decades with impunity. Ultimately, #MeToo applies in the case of Heard and Depp as well. Although not a woman, Depp is an alleged victim as well and given the evidence, should be believed.
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Corrections On Tuesday, Feb. 11, the Spartan Daily published a story titled, “SJSU celebrates Black Legacy,” in which Amado Bamba was misidentified in a photo cutline. On Wednesday, Feb. 12, the Spartan Daily published a story titled, “Ouija board helped me make a friend” in which the date for the Ouija board’s invention should have been 1890. The Spartan Daily regrets these errors.
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SCIENCE & TECH
THURSDAY, FEB. 13, 2020
BINARY BOMBSHELLS
Twitter’s tools help online harassers Kunal Mehta SCIENCE & TECH EDITOR
Twitter became popular for being a quick-moving social network and unfortunately, it’s lived up to that reputation. It only took about a year for the microblogging service to go from the place to get your news to a cesspool of trolls and extremists. In 2008, social scientists hypothesized that President Barack Obama’s rise was because of his dominant social media strategy, which centered around Twitter. Eight years later in 2016, masses were calling for now-President Donald Trump to be banned from the site for his violent rhetoric. Twitter has somehow become the contested center of discussions regarding the freedoms of speech, privacy and assembly. But those are really just disguises for Twitter’s real problem: harassment. Twitter is specifically designed, whether intentionally or not, to facilitate harassment online. No doubt, some people are jerks online and some blame should fall on them, but as with all technology, the creator has some responsibility as well.
The most obvious issue with Twitter is quoting. Users can quote someone else’s tweet, adding their own text on top. It has some neat uses when you want to call back to one of your own previous tweets to add context, but ultimately, most people use it to shame or taunt people online. If your goal is to promote someone else’s tweet, you’d just do a plain retweet. If you wanted to have a discussion, you’d leave a comment. Quotes will often take a single tweet out of context, increasing the likelihood that it’ll be misinterpreted. There’s just so little positive value that comes out of quoting tweets that it doesn’t make sense to continue as a feature. It’s easy to decry online harassment as a non-existent problem. In 2012, artist Tyler, the Creator tweeted, “Hahahahahahahaha How The Fuck Is Cyber Bullying Real Hahahaha . . . Just Walk Away From The Screen . . . Close Your Eyes Haha.” He’s wrong though. Online harassment can transcend into the real world really quickly – just ask Justine Sacco. In 2013, before getting on a flight to South Africa, she posted a stupid and potentially racist tweet about AIDS, likely intended to only be seen by her 170 followers. I remember seeing the tweet at the time and
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Marcos @coffeelover
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ILLUSTRATION BY CINDY CUELLAR
Twitter is specifically designed, whether intentionally or not, to facilitate harassment online. thinking, “What a dumb thing to say,” but didn’t give it any more thought than that. While she was on her 11-hour flight, the internet put her on blast. Even her employer tweeted, “This is an outrageous, offensive comment. Employee in question currently unreachable on an intl flight,” according to The New York Times. Some part of
CLASSIFIEDS CROSSWORD PUZZLE
the Twitter-verse was self-aware, as #HasJustineLandedYet started trending on Twitter, to see what would happen when she realized the storm she had unintentionally started. Unsurprisingly, someone went to the airport to photograph her when she did eventually land – turning the online harassment into physical stalking.
Part of the problem is that Twitter only has two options for privacy: either your entire timeline is public, or your entire timeline is private. You can’t have the luxury of posting professionalsounding updates publicly and stupid jokes for friends to just your followers – something that probably would have helped Sacco. It doesn’t have to be this way though. Lately, I’ve been using Mastodon, a project to create a decentralized microblogging service that addresses the problems with Twitter. Mastodon allows users to control the visibility on each individual post, or “toot,” that they make, so one toot can be seen just
SUDOKU PUZZLE Complete the grid so that every row, column and 3x3 box contains every digit from 1 to 9 inclusively.
by approved followers, while others can be seen by the entire world. And Mastodon doesn’t allow quoting either, among other tweaks to improve its antiharassment record. Unless Twitter starts making changes, it will continue losing users in favor of alternative social networks. If there are safer alternatives, no one really wants to continue spending time in the swamp of harassment. Follow Kunal on Mastodon @legoktm @mastodon.technology Binary Bombshells discusses values embedded in technologies that we use every day. It appears every other week on Thursday.
JOKIN’ AROUND What goes through towns, up & over hills, but doesn’t move?
The road!
SOLUTIONS
ACROSS 1. Mix together 6. Stitches 10. Worry 14. Districts 15. Raindrop sound 16. Creative work 17. Bumbling 18. Gumbo 19. Apprehends 20. Leather shorts 22. Tall woody plant 23. Be unwell 24. Pub game 26. Walk with long steps 30. Stripes 32. Unsophisticated 33. Tearing up 37. Balm ingredient 38. Risk 39. Notion 40. Oil 42. Panache 43. Not right 44. A copy from an original 45. Mixture of rain and snow 47. Comes after Mi and Fah 48. Decorative case
49. Skilled worker 56. Chime 57. Always 58. Wild Asian dog 59. Nanny 60. Go on horseback 61. A nine-piece musical group 62. Blowgun missile 63. Killed 64. Church recesses DOWN 1. Letters, etc. 2. Sea eagle 3. Anagram of “Deer” 4. Stare 5. A dais 6. Thread holder 7. Large N. Amer. deer (plural) 8. Be dressed in 9. Space between 2 arches 10. Refute 11. Not together 12. Yokels 13. Existence 21. Hasten
25. Favor 26. Break 27. Story 28. Violent disturbance 29. Obese 30. Gesture of indifference 31. Snip 33. Observed 34. Lazily 35. Half-moon tide 36. Way in 38. Conspirators 41. Mineral rock 42. Spiny anteater 44. Many millennia 45. Leaf opening 46. Pertaining to the moon 47. Termagant 48. Quaint outburst 50. Wicked 51. Formally surrender 52. Hack 53. Charged particles 54. Away from the wind 55. Catches
02/12/2020
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SCIENCE & TECH
THURSDAY, FEB. 13, 2020
A5
Using education to fight climate change STAFF WRITER & SCIENCE & TECH EDITOR
Facing the threat of a climate change emergency, the world is creating climate action plans to invest resources into green technology to reduce humanity’s carbon footprint. But a team of researchers at San Jose State is concerned that one crucial aspect is overlooked in the fight against climate change: education. “Humans are absent from almost all climate action plans,” said Eugene Cordero, a meteorology and climate science professor. “For me, the most compelling piece to our work is that we’re able to quantify, alongside these other solutions, the role education plays.” In a new research paper co-authored by Cordero, meteorology and climate science lecturer Diana Centeno and communication studies department chair and professor Anne Marie Todd, they explain that climate change-related education can have a long-term impact in reducing students’ carbon footprints. The paper, “The role of climate change education on individual lifetime carbon emissions,” focused on the year-long Global Climate Change class first offered by SJSU in Fall 2007. “A majority of course graduates reported proenvironmental decisions (i.e., type of car to buy, food choices) that they attributed at least in part to experiences gained in the course,” the paper states. “Furthermore, our carbon footprint analysis suggests that for the average course graduate, these decisions reduced their individual carbon emissions by 2.86 tons of [carbon dioxide] per year.” In comparison to other technologies over the next 30 years, the team found that education was more effective than investing in electric vehicles, offshore wind farms and even afforestation. Only installing rooftop solar was expected to reduce student carbon emissions more than education. “We were surprised and pleased to find that students found this learning experience to be unique, and of course, the research showed that many years later it still seemed to have a lasting impact,” Cordero said. Cordero said that he wasn’t aware of any similar research that demonstrated the effectiveness of education in combating climate change, describing the paper as the “first of its kind.” “This is the first time anyone has quantified the carbon-emission reduction impact of high-quality environmental education,”
Cordero said. “We hope that this research will encourage policymakers to recognize education as one of the most effective tools we have to achieve our carbon emission reduction goals.” He and Todd designed the Global Climate Change class 13 years ago as a crossdepartmental collaboration, listed across five different departments. While most faculty hope their courses are successful in educating students, Cordero said this one was unique in that they were able to demonstrate the impact with data. Centeno, also a 2014 meteorology master’s alumna, explained that the goal of the class was ambitious. “Behavioral changes is one of the most challenging fields, because you have to basically do what we did: track the students through time and that is very complex when you are doing research studies because you need to track them,” Centeno said. “It’s not just one year or two years, you want to track them for a few years on.”
Expected carbon reduction by 2050 Research by a team of SJSU faculty members showed that climate change education could reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 18.8 gigatons over a 30-year span.
Carbon dioxide equivalent (gigatons)
By Andrew Glenn & Kunal Mehta
25
ROOFTOP SOLAR CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION
AFFORESTATION
20 15
INSULATION IN BUILDINGS
OFFSHORE WIND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
10
LED RESIDENTIAL LIGHTING
5 0 SOURCE: THE ROLE OF CLIMATE CHANGE EDUCATION ON INDIVIDUAL LIFETIME CARBON EMISSIONS. INFOGRAPHIC BY MARCI SUELA
Soon after, she was able to help launch a program to reduce waste at all Walmarts across the Bay Area. “It’s important for people to realize that everybody can have an impact,” Alatorre said. She added that she believed the course should be a requirement for everyone, as it’s relevant for students regardless of their major. For Cordero and Centeno, educating college students is just the first step. They are currently working on a project to educate middle school students: Green Ninja. Cordero founded the program at SJSU in 2010 and then spun it out of the university as a certified benefit corporation in 2016. Like the college course, Green Ninja is a multi-department Eugene Cordero collaboration that involves meteorology and climate students and faculty members science professor across physics, meteorology, radio, TV, film, theater arts, She said that in the fight education and animation and against climate change a single illustration. “It revolved around person’s actions will have an children and the idea of the effect in the long run. “It does matter what the Green Ninja is something that individual does; it’s like a is creative, it’s fun and it makes ripple effect,” Centeno said. you look at things differently,” “Once one person does it, film and theater lecturer Juan people around that person Serna said. Utilizing a series of may change some of their behavior and little by little it YouTube videos that entertain starts increasing in amount a younger audience while encouraging healthy and and magnitude.” One former student positive messages, the the paper highlighted is program made its way into Elaine Alatorre, a 2012 classrooms. “The videos are designed to communication studies and English alumna. She said over teach middle school students the phone that she took the respect and empathy for the class in 2010 because it was environment and the world the quickest way to fulfill her and nature,” associate design upper division requirements professor David Chai said. “To at the time, but now considers educate them so that they will it to be one of the best hopefully be the generation to help save the planet.” decisions of her life. Chai serves as the artistic Alatorre said she noticed waste in her job as a manager director and editor for Green at Walmart and spoke with her Ninja videos. Along with the online upper management to reduce the excess merchandise that videos, Cordero said the was being thrown away. program is now approved to She pitched her proposal as sell science curriculum in the cost-saving for the business state of California. “Our research has shown even though her primary motivation was to help the that one week of climate change education is not going environment.
This is the first time anyone has quantified the carbon-emission reduction impact of high-quality environmental education.
PHOTO COURTESY OF GREEN NINJA
The Green Ninja (right) educates a group of students and animals about the water cycle in an animated video posted on the organization’s YouTube channel.
to do it.” Cordero said. “We want three years: the whole middle school.” The education curriculum based on the program’s research was implemented in line with the Next Generation Science Standards for educating middle school students on climate change. The Green Ninja character communicates the ideas of healthy eating, waste management and recycling. Those ideas are then put into practice with games and by providing real-world examples so that students can apply what they learned to their daily lives. The program is being piloted in 22 school districts across the state, with six to eight other districts using it as well, Cordero said.
By applying real-time data on climate change, as well as developing data literacy and computational thinking skills, students can also prepare themselves for their future careers. There are currently plans for a seventh annual Green Ninja Film Festival to be held in May where students can showcase their own environmental videos. “It feels good to be a part of something that can make a big difference in something as serious as climate change,” Chai said. “And in doing it, we have a lot of making these videos and these animations.” Cordero said he plans on conducting research on the effect the Green Ninja program has on middle schoolers. In addition to studying the students,
Cordero said they will also study the teachers as well. Unlike the SJSU class where the researchers were familiar with the professors and lecturers teaching the course, the middle school program is taught by a wide range of teachers. The program and the materials that can be found easily on the Green Ninja website continue to evolve. Cordero, Centeno and Todd’s research paper can be read online for free. “While it is difficult to change the minds of others, we have had some success.” Cordero said. “We are just starting.” Follow the Spartan Daily on Twitter @SpartanDaily
A6
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ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT
THURSDAY, FEB. 13, 2020
BRICKER’S BOPS
Curry spits fire over futuristic Beats By John Bricker
In a hip-hop landscape where you can guzzle down bloated Migos and Drake albums like cheap beer, take some time to replay and savor “UNLOCKED.”
EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
Within the span of an average hour-long album, you could listen to rapper Denzel Curry and producer Kenny Beats’ new mini-album, “UNLOCKED,” a little more than three times. Luckily, the album’s brevity makes it anything but incomplete or lazy. Instead, the eight tracks and 17 minutes of “UNLOCKED” deliver some of the most creative and addictive fusions of grimy freestyle verses and futuristic production rap has ever seen, making it a shot of adrenaline you’ll want to experience over and over. Former EDM artist and hip-hop producer Kenny Beats first collaborated with Florida-based rapper Denzel Curry in an episode of Beats’ YouTube series “The Cave,” where he quickly makes a hip-hop beat and a guest rapper freestyles over it. According to Stereogum, Beats and Curry recorded the album in just three days after filming the freestyle, resulting in a project filled with infectious excitement, designed to show off their improvisational skills. Just like the beats on “The Cave,” the instrumentals on “UNLOCKED” never feel rushed or sloppy, even holding their own on the album’s mostly instrumental tracks. On the aptly named “Track 01,” Beats introduces the project with a gloriously old school blend of trip hop and
ILLUSTRATION BY CINDY CUELLAR
campy film dialogue. The wonky synths, punchy boom-bap drums and rumbling bass lines sound like the introduction of a cartoon villain and deliver an instant hit of nostalgia for any fans of classic hip-hop acts like MF DOOM or Wu-Tang Clan. “Track07” is another instrumental cut with a funky mix of walking bass lines, psychedelic guitars and lounge keys with occasional bursts of vocals sampled from Curry’s raps on previous songs. The lack of aggressive verses from Curry gives Beats space to shine, with intricate synth effects and
album review “UNLOCKED” Rating:
catchy guitar licks making the album’s penultimate beat a masterpiece all by itself. It may seem odd to include instrumental songs on such a short rap album, but they help the album’s flow by providing much-needed cooldowns after Denzel Curry’s relentless, aggressive and
Boba hot pot puts a spin on milk tea Dan Nguyen STAFF WRITER
Choosing between milk tea flavors can be daunting, but search no more, as Milk Tea Lab lets customers mix their own drink for an enjoyable, epicurean experience. Milk Tea Lab is a new tea shop in South San Jose, 18 minutes from campus by car, that’s run by Kaman Loi and M.G. Ha, who co-own the shop. Milk Tea Lab was opened in August by Loi and Ha with a concept to revolutionize the tea shop trend. Instead of ordering custom flavors and sweetness level for your drinks at the register, you can do it yourself. “A lot of milk tea places don’t let you make tea from scratch so the idea of the milk tea hot pot was to let customers do everything themselves,” Ha said. The hot pot is a great invention and has the potential to introduce first-time drinkers to the milk tea craze because they experiment with flavors and make it their own. “I definitely like that we have a do-it-yourself in the form of milk tea, but I hope the base tea can have more flavors than just jasmine, black, and oolong tea,” Leanne Dinh, a 19-year-old
DAN NGUYEN | SPARTAN DAILY
Milk Tea Lab gives customers an interactive experience when creating their customized drinks.
A lot of milk tea places don’t let you make tea from scratch so the idea of the milk tea hot pot was to let customers do everything themselves. M.G. Ha co-owner of Milk Tea Lab
De Anza College student, said. Customers are provided test tubes filled with flavors such as strawberry, lychee or honeydew, as well as cream, sugar and a pot filled with the base tea of your choosing. The employees take their
time explaining to customers how to put together the ingredients into the milk tea. I was recommended jasmine tea by co-owner Ha, who told me that it’s one of the safer choices to see if I would like the milk tea hot pot method. Full pot volume is approximately 14 scoops which can serve up to three people and can take a while to finish, so customers are welcome to take leftovers in paper cups. Milk Tea Lab serves small bites for all diets including pescatarians and vegans. Overall, Milk Tea Lab has a unique invention for those in San Jose to try out and has great potential to be a popular spot. Follow The Spartan Daily on Twitter @SpartanDaily
Artists: Denzel Curry and Kenny Beats Release Date: Feb. 7 Genre: Hip-hop/Rap hilarious verses. Curry’s discography is filled with quality projects, from the moody and melodic trap bangers on 2018’s “TA13OO” to the nostalgic homages to Florida culture on 2019’s “ZUU.” But if you want to cut to the chase and hear him rap as many clever
and hard bars as possible, “UNLOCKED” is easily his best. “Pyro (leak 2019)” is barely more than a minute but delivers some of Curry’s most charismatic and confident rapping to date, sprinkling in pop culture references like threatening to “turn your crib into a game of Fallout.” Over the twisted tribal drums and grimy bass of “DIET_,” Curry starts in a relaxed monotone before building to rap in a guttural roar that would rival some heavy metal singers. Along with the dynamic flows and tones, Curry’s lyrics claim his place in hip-hop’s top tier, delivering clever flexes like
calling himself a pair of pliers to the rap game’s tooth. On “So.Incredible.pkg,” Curry effortlessly rides a classy mix of Beats’ slap bass, boombap drums and pitched up soul samples, delivering nonstop wordplay and confidence between an easy-going hook. The way Curry uses bursts of melody to switch up his flows while bragging that his raps are so fire they “scorch the back just like it’s Anakin,” is undeniably catchy and joyously irreverent. Kenny Beats’ eclectic production and Denzel Curry’s charming raps truly bring the best out of each other, creating a cohesive project with seemingly endless replay value. In a hip-hop landscape where you can guzzle down bloated Migos and Drake albums like cheap beer, take some time to replay and savor “UNLOCKED.” Follow John on Twitter @JohnMichaelBr15