BIOL 114 Intro To Organisms & Pops Comprehensive Final Exam Notes and Lectures Summary 2025 NEW VOLUME UPDATE Binghamton University
Lecture 1: Unifying Themes & Hierarchy -
Research Question: guiding question for when you dont know enough to make a hypothesis. Hypothesis: specific, testable and rejectable statement. Theory: larger concept to explain several related phenomena, and hypotheses. - Pattern - general observations of repetition one sees in a system - Process- mechanism by which pattersj occur - Proximate- occurs short term - Ultimate- can occur within a longer time frame ★ Cell Theory: all organisms are made up of cells, all cells are made up of pre-exisiting cells ★ Evolutionary Theory: change in allele frequencies in a population over time due to natural selection ○ Explains variation in a population ○ Explains that all species are related to each other due to a common ancestor ★ Biological Hierarchy: ○ ORGANISMS ■ Individual organisms, single/multi cellular, how it survives? ○ POPULATION ■ Collection of individuals, how evolution affects population growth? ○ COMMUNTIES ■ Different species within the same area, diversity and species interactions ○ ECOSYSTEMS ■ Communities and abiotic factors, tropical forests an biomes ■ Biome- collection of similar ecosystems by climate/weather ○ BIOSPHERE ■ Collection of all ecosystems/ biomes, how does climate change