Simon
Volume 48 | Issue 3 | February 2017
Theme edition: Politics and Technology GDI: Stock Exchange Mechanical Engineering course evaluations Space Politics
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vel, aliquet nec, vulputate eget, arcu. Donec quam felis, ultricies nec, pellentesque eu, pretium quis, sem.
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This percentage represents the amount of students that filled in the course
This is the average score given to the course by the respondents. An upward pointing
This indicates the average amount of hours spent on the course by the
evaluation relative to the amount of students that took the course.
arrow indicates an increase compared to last year. Downwards indicates a decrease.
respondents of the course evaluation.
Green symbols indicate scores above the goal, yellow symbols indicate sufficient scores under the goal, red symbols indicate insufficient scores.
Computer Aided Engineering
Mechanica
Structuur en Stroming
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Course material was perceived to be worse than last year. Students like to see more examples of applications during the lectures. The exam shouldn’t be done in multiple choice or have less questions. The organization of the course was less good compared to last year.
Feedback: Feedback: Feedback: • The guided self-study are too long to • Students found the discussed sub• Students like the real-life aspect of | Asthis a study oninteresting the education of the | Ininthe and Reactive Flow group, research is conducted on finish theMultiphase time scheduled for them. jects and useful. course.association we work every day Theall project subject are combustion very • See The planning of the course is not and • • department Students would improve the goal of Mechanical Engineering. how courses are evaluated sortsand of flow and phenomena. See what Ricardo van der interesting. optimal because of the time between the project, theyare thought it wasyear! not what the plans for next Pluijm found out! • here are too many elements to the lecture and guided self-study. realistic. assessment of the course. • Students would like to have elaborati• The organization of this subject was ons of all the exercises and have them perceived to be worse than last year. earlier as well. Mainly because constraints/requi| W.S.V. the Simon Stevin kent vele tradities, maar deze zijn ook eens | Chronos, de nieuwe debatvereniging van de TU/e • The interim tests were perceived to be Improvements: rements weren’t clear. ontstaan! Bart Verhaegh en Sjors van Adrichem duiken de archieven schrijft over de gevaarlijke bubbel van valse enigheid • The unexpected grading of guided better than last year. self-studies will be dropped. en het politieke landschap in 2017. Response: in en zoeken uit waar onze gebruiken nu eigenlijk vandaan komen. • The amount of question in a guided Response: • Next year a new setup will be used self-study will be evaluated and • Teachers do not want to give elathat defines 7 clear steps. In one reduced. borations of the exercises because of these steps students will make • The material a guided self-study tacstudents need to learn to have a proconstraints/requirements clear for kles will be made clear from the start active study approach as preparation themselves, which is the purpose of to improve the clearness for the coming study years. this course. • The use of clickers will be looked into. • The planning will be evaluated and • NX7.5 will be replaced by NX10 and improved where necessary. the instructional lectures will be • Next year online exercises will be made in NX10 as well. made available to stimulate an proactive study approach.
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Colophon February 2017/ volume 48, issue 3 The ‘Simon Ster’ is a publication by the study association of mechanical engineering Simon Stevin of Eindhoven University of Technology . The ‘Simon Ster’ will be published five times this year.
Editor in Chief Sebastiaan van Kemenade
Editorial Committee Sjors van Adrichem, Aakash Amul, Has Berkers, Loes van den Beuken, Rik van Cauwenberghe, Eva Eggels, Sebastiaan van Kemenade, Linus Klaassen, Ruben de Klerk, Robbert Louwers, Bas Raes, Bart Verhaegh, Kelsey Viehmann, Lisanne van Wincoop
Design vM-design
Layout Has Berkers Sebastiaan van Kemenade Ruben de Klerk
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Illustrations and Pictures
Printing Office
Editorial Committee, PaparaCie and members of W.S.V. Simon Stevin
Drukkerij Snep BV
Contact Eindhoven University of Technology Gemini-Noord 1.61 Den Dolech 2 5612 AZ Eindhoven Postbus 513 5600 MB Eindhoven Phone: (040) 247 33 13 E-mail: redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl Homepage: wsv.simonstevin.tue.nl
Financial ABN-AMRO: NL87ABNA0529096358
Subscriptions It is possible to receive the Simon Ster at home. Subscriptions for the Simon Ster are available for an annual fee of €15,- , including shipping. In case you are interested or want more information, it is possible to contact the editor at aforementioned adress.
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Improvements: • The number of question in the exam will be reduced. • Next year the exams will be provided with answers as preparation material for the final exam. • The planning of the guided self-studies on evenings will be evaluated
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Circulation 900 pieces © Simon Stevin MMXVII Nothing from this edition may be duplicated and/or made public by means of press, photocopy, microfilm or any other possible manner without prior written consent from the board of W.S.V. Simon Stevin. The editors at all time reserve the right to shorten and/or edit articles. The placement of an article does not mean that this in any way reflects the opinion or point of view of W.S.V. Simon Stevin. Everyone can deliver articles to the Editorial Comittee in the Simonkamer: GeminiNoord 1.61 or by means of e-mail: redactie@ simonstevin.tue.nl
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Table of Contents
Editorial
Smile of Science
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Course evaluations
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A closer look at a Bachelor Final Project
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Staut 10 Master graduation project Solar Team Eindhoven Great Dutch Inventions: Stock Exchange
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Archaïsme: de eerste jaren
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TU/ecomotive: Lina
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Kijk in de sterren
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Space Politics
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Column Groep-één
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Profiel: Tata Nano Twist
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Interview Prodrive
30
Skillslab
32
Video referee
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Chronos: Social Media
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Sterrenhoekjes 38
Contest
38
Activities
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Dear reader, Good to have you here! It has been just six weeks since the last Simon Ster but the third edition is here already. And it’s not just a regular one, you have the first themed issue of the year in your hands. We’re talking politics and technology here, how do they relate and what are not so obvious examples of their relation. Nowadays politics and technology are woven together more than ever. You can’t just engineer a nuclear weapon like in the old days without thinking about the possible consequences. Luckily we Dutchies know better so take a look at a new Great Dutch Inventions to find out what we’ve invented in history. Besides that, we’ve got some brand new rubrics regarding education. In succession of our Bachelor Final Projects we’ve got an article about the graduation of Ricardo van der Pluijm and I’m very happy to tell you that our Commissioner for Education together with the Commissioner for Education of the 58th board have put together the course evaluations of several mechanical engineering courses to give you an insight on what is done with your feedback, what the current scores are and what is being done together with you as a student and the department of mechanical engineering to improve the courses year after year! After reading all the articles don’t forget to take a look at our new contest. You can win a professional kitchen knife set so crack your brain on the riddle. If I may give you some advice, think outside the box for a little bit! Maybe it’ll make you feel like a real chef when you get these knives in hand.
Advertisers Prodrive Technologies VDL
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To finish it all I wish you all a lot of reading pleasure!
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AkzoNobel 29
Kind regards,
MOCE 33 Wervingsdagen 35 ExxonMobil
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ASML 40 Sebastiaan van Kemenade
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Smile of Science
Pim van Mil
Sense and Nonsense in Technology
Tech
Tech
Airselfie
Hyperloop
As a member of the PaparaCie I am always looking for new ways to take pictures. The AirSelfie is a pocket sized drone which remotely captures aerial photos and videos of you and your friends. Using it does not require any experience in controlling a drone. It is equipped with a 5-megapixel camera that is able to shoot full high-definition (HD) 1080p video. The drone makes use of sonar to measure its altitude and it keeps itself stable with the help of a tiny extra camera to monitor its surroundings for signs of jitter. It also has gyroscopes,
barometers and geomagnetic sensors that help it navigate as it flies. On the down side it only has a 3 minute fly time and a 30 minute recharge time, carrying a regular power bank could solve this since it can provide around 20 charges. If you want to give your selfies something extra to score more likes on your Instagram you will not have to wait long. The first preordered drones are scheduled for delivery in March. The drone is expected to hit the market later in 2017 for a retail price of €300.
The Hyperloop is a concept proposed by inventor Elon Musk. You might recognize the name because Elon Musk also is the man behind Tesla and Space X. Musk’s Hyperloop consists of two massive tubes. Pods would then be traveling through the tubes at speeds topping out over 1000 km/h. The tubes would house a low pressure environment to minimize air resistance. For propulsion, magnetic accelerators will be used along the length of the tube eliminating rolling resistance. Although Elon Musk proposed the idea, SpaceX is not developing a commercial Hyperloop of its own. Instead, it has been holding various competitions to develop prototype pods. In January 2017, the long running SpaceX Hyperloop competition wrapped up with the Competition Weekend in which completed pods raced on a test track. A team from TU Delft took the first prize. SpaceX will be holding another competition in the summer of 2017 where the focus lies entirely on attaining the highest maximum speed.
Tech
HoloActive Touch BMW has unveiled its latest concept at the 2017 Consumer Electronics Show (CES). It is a holographic interface which can for example show you the route when driving or change the AC. This display can be used without any physical contact. The display works by creating a holographic image and the system uses a camera to track your hand- and finger movements. When your finger makes virtual contact with one of the control fields you will feel a light vibrating pulse as proof the function is activated. These pulses are ultrasound waves generated by a set of speakers hidden underneath the virtual image. Another thing that BMW has thought of is simplifying the display by only giving the driver two options each time. This means the driver can pay more attention to the road.
Although BMW hasn’t revealed which of its cars will be the first to be equipped with HoloActive Touch, if history tells us any-
thing, it is likely to arrive in one of the company’s high-end vehicles before making its way down the road to other models.
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
Medicine
Foldscope and Paperfuge It is believed of the estimated 100 billion people to have lived on this planet, more than halve have died of malaria. Malaria has the same symptoms as the flu and the standard for diagnosis is to take a drop of blood, spin it in a centrifuge and look at it under a microscope. For many people this is really hard to do because it requires equipment that can cost more than tens of thousands of euros and needs electricity. The Foldscope and the Paperfuge can detect malaria for the cost of less than one euro and does not need electricity.
for the ones that have malaria. So you would put your blood into a tube and then spin the tube at a high rate so that the most dense particles get pushed outward and the least dense particles get pushed inwards. When you stop spinning the particles are neatly organized. Normally a centrifuge is a very costly product, but it can also be done using the Paperfuge. The Paperfuge is based on a kids toy and can
reach speeds of about 125.000 rounds per minute. It uses strings as actuation and can be operated by hand and only costs twenty cents.
time, latest weather, and image galleries onto a nearby projection surface. The app also lets the user manage the smart controller whether it’s adjusting volume or
switching between streaming devices. If you feel like your DBL presentations need that little extra touch the projector comes at a price of â‚Ź999.99.
Combine these two inventions and malaria can be easily detected by doctors in rural areas where there is no equipment or electricity available for the costs of less than one euro.
The Foldscope is a simple origami set that costs 50 cents and can be built in one minute when following the instructions. The lens is a tiny sphere of glass that magnifies about one hundred forty times. With this malaria can be detected when analyzing a drop of blood. A centrifuge is needed because a drop of blood contains billions red blood cells. It will become a needle in a haystack to look
Tech
Portable Projector What if you want to show your findings during DBL but the projector is not working? Sony solved your problem, and created a portable projector. This projector is small enough to be held in one hand. The projector can be powered and operate completely wireless, and can project an image from 20 to 80 inches onto just about any flat surface. The battery should last long enough to watch a full-length movie. Since it is ultrashort-throw, you can place it right next to the projection surface. Because it is small, square and wireless it can easily be flipped 90 degrees so that instead of projection onto the wall, you can now project onto a piece of paper onto a desk. Finally, the Sony LSPX-P1 comes with a companion app allowing users to preset hologram-like images, such as current
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Course Evaluations
Victor Tanke & Ruben de Klerk
We as a study association do not only think about your career or organize fun activities for you so you can relax and enjoy your study time. Every day we also work on the education of the department mechanical engineering. At the end of every course you receive an invitation to fill in a course survey. This survey is then discussed with the responsible lecturer of the course together with our quality care employee. Together they discuss the feedback of the students and come to an improvement plan for next year. Lastly the survey, evaluation and improvement plan are presented to the quality care committee of which, being commissioner for education of Simon Stevin, I am a part of. There we conclude whether the improvement plan is good enough or if more measures should be taken. This complete cycle is the quality care cycle of the department mechanical engineering. As you can see the students form the beginning and most important part of this cycle, without your input the cycle never starts. Until now you really couldn’t see the results of the good work you did for the courses. Because of this we decide to start publishing the results of the quality care cycle in the Simon Ster. Have a look at what you did for the department by filling tin the course survey! This time we published courses from quarter 4 of last study year and quarter 1 of this study year. The first three courses are Bachelor courses and the last three are Master courses. The infographs summarize the overall score of the course and give you a quick impression. The feedback was provided by the students and reflects what stood out to them. The improvements indicate what the lecturers are going to do differently next year to improve the course. For any further comments or questions please contact us at onderwijs@ simonstevin.tue.nl.
Computer Aided Engineering
Mechanica
Structuur en Stroming
Feedback: • Students like the real-life aspect of this course. • Students would improve the goal of the project, they thought it was not realistic. • The organization of this subject was perceived to be worse than last year. Mainly because the constraints/requirements weren’t clear.
Feedback: • Students found the discussed subjects interesting and useful. • The planning of the course is not optimal because of the time between lecture and guided self-study. • Students would like to have elaborations of all the exercises and have them earlier as well. • The interim tests were perceived to be better than last year.
Feedback: • The guided self-study are too long to finish in the time scheduled for them. • The project and subject are very interesting. • here are too many elements to the assessment of the course.
Improvements: • Next year a new setup will be used that defines 7 clear steps. In one of these steps students will make constraints/requirements clear for themselves, which is the purpose of this course. • NX7.5 will be replaced by NX10 and the instructional lectures will be made in NX10 as well.
Improvements: • Teachers do not want to give elaborations of the exercises because students need to learn to have a proactive study approach as preparation for the coming study years. • The planning will be evaluated and improved where necessary. • Next year online exercises will be made available to stimulate an proactive study approach.
Improvements: • The unexpected grading of guided self-studies will be dropped. • The amount of question in a guided self-study will be evaluated and reduced. • The material a guided self-study tackles will be made clear from the start to improve the clearness • The use of clickers will be looked into.
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
Legend This percentage represents the amount of students that filled in the course evaluation relative to the amount of students that took the course.
This is the average score given to the course by the respondents. An upward pointing arrow indicates an increase compared to last year. Downwards indicates a decrease.
This indicates the average amount of hours spent on the course by the respondents of the course evaluation.
Green symbols indicate scores above the goal, yellow symbols indicate sufficient scores under the goal, red symbols indicate insufficient scores. Whether a responsrate is sufficient also depends on the amount of students partaking in the course.
Rheology
Feedback: • Students liked the lab demos in the course and the high variety in topics. • The level of the exam and the connection to the exercise material was not perceived to be that good. • Lectures received on average a higher score than the score of the subject. • The Assignment description were very open.
Improvements: • The exam will be changed for next year to provide a better connection. • A practice exam will be provided next year as preparation. • A topic of the course will not be covered next year to improve coherence and give more space to the other topics.
Results Q4 2015-2016
Deformation and failure of materials (2,5 EC)
Feedback: • The subjects of the course are interesting and the lecturer is very enthusiastic. • Overlap between this course and 4LM40 “structural integrity and reliability” on the topic of fracture mechanics. • The exam was based too much on the previous exams. • The workload of the course spread evenly and easy to combine with other courses. Improvements: • The assessment of four assignments will be replaced by a project depending on the students that follow the course next year.
Results Q1 2016-2017
Career Development (2,5 EC)
Feedback: • Students really liked the online modules as well as the assignments in CANVAS. • Availability of the assignments was unpractical. • The negotiation exercise with a fellow student can be improved. • Course gives insight in what to consider when looking for a job or internship. Improvements: • Next time the jury event will be changed. Less jury members necessary and they will receive a rubric of some kind to support final judgement. • The assignments will be made easily available. • Exercise job interview will start with a pitch next time.
Bar charts show weighted total response rates for Q1 and Q4 respectively for surveyed courses. Amount of courses with good response rate Amount of courses with sufficient response rate Amount of courses with insufficient response rate
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A closer look at a Bachelor Final Project Barriers and possibilities for busses driving on formic acid
Until now only Mechanical Engineering students shared something about their Bachelor Final Project (BFP) in this section. But who better than a Sustainable Innovation student can talk about a topic related to ‘Politics and Technology’? Marvin Tiemessen will give insights on his BFP on barriers and possibilities for busses driving on formic acid in the Netherlands.
Eva Eggels Busses driving on formic acid might ring a bell. That is perfectly possible, since a student team of the Eindhoven University of Technology has the ambition to build the world’s first bus on formic acid. They are named Team FAST, an abbreviation of Formic Acid Sustainable Transportation. The technology for the cycle shown above has almost been developed to the stage where it can be applied. However, as so often for technical innovations, a successful implementation is not guaranteed. Marvin has conducted an exploratory research on the barriers and possibilities that go hand in hand with putting these busses into service. The path of an innovation is usually considered after it was a success or failure. In retrospect, it is easy to see why innovations failed or became successful. However, this technology is in full transition and its future is unclear and uncertain, which makes the research interesting and useful. Most of the Bachelor Final Projects start with a literature review. In this case, there was not that much information already available. Nevertheless, combining the available knowledge and some logical thinking resulted in a map of dependencies between all the stakeholders and events capable of influencing the implementation of the busses driving on formic acid. Based upon a series of interviews with the stakeholders, these dependencies could be confirmed or adapted. Some of the stakeholders were the municipality of Eindhoven, the province of Noord-Brabant, transport companies Qbuzz and Connexxion, Team FAST and Automotive NL. It can be seen that authorities
play a part in making a success of the technology. Rules on sustainability formulated by the European Union should be followed and carbon dioxide emissions should be lowered within the centre of cities, which is beneficial to the busses on formic acid. However, governmental institutions should also guarantee the safety of their citizens. Are they doing that by letting inhabitants using public transport on formic acid? Just as the government, the other stakeholders have their own interests concerning the possible implementation of the busses. All these views have their own scope and combining them gave fruitful results. Further research will have to show if the identified barriers can be tackled and the identified opportunities can be used. The high melting point of formic acid is an example of a barrier that already has been tackled. The melting point implies that the fuel cannot be used below temperatures of 6 degrees Celsius. It turns out that electric busses’ batteries already have been heated to provide optimal conditions around 30 degrees Celsius. So, heating formic acid would not be a problem either. Now the BFP is finished, Marvin will start his master Sustainable Energy Technology to further pursue sustainable technology. And what about the busses driving on formic acid? Team FAST is building a prototype in cooperation with VDL, which means the world’s first bus on formic acid can be presented to you this summer! Would you also like to tell something on your BFP in the Simon Ster? Please contact redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl.
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
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Staut
En hoe is het in Turkije?
Turkije maakt op dit moment een zeer hectische periode mee. De strijd met de Koerdische Arbeiderspartij PKK is hevig opgelaaid en het land raakt steeds meer betrokken in de Syrische oorlog. Ook van de mislukte staatsgreep heeft Turkije nog een flinke kater. Pieter van Zuijlen & Twan Weernink Turkije maakt op dit moment een zeer hectische periode mee. De strijd met de Koerdische Arbeiderspartij PKK is hevig opgelaaid en het land raakt steeds meer betrokken in de Syrische oorlog. Ook van de mislukte staatsgreep heeft Turkije nog een flinke kater. Premier Erdogan heeft een zware tijd met veel uitdagingen en over het motief achter de coup is tot op heden nog weinig bekend. Een groep van zo’n 30 personen, waaronder officieren en generaals, zou ongeveer 8 maanden voor de coup alles tot in detail hebben voorbereid. De coup begon met het innemen van verschillende strategisch gelegen commandocentra om macht over het leger te krijgen. Kort daarna werden vliegvelden stilgelegd en straten in grote steden, zoals Istanbul en Ankara, gepatrouilleerd. De coup heeft echter niet kunnen slagen door een massale volksopstand, opgeroepen door president Erdogan. Over de oorzaak van de staatsgreep bestaan verschillende complottheorieën. Erdogan zou de coup hebben geënsceneerd, zodat hij politieke tegenstanders buitenspel kon zetten. Een andere theorie beweert dat islamitische geestelijke Fethullah Gülen het brein achter de couppoging is. Hij zou hiermee trachten Turkije weer een islamitische republiek te maken. Ook wordt gedacht dat de Kemalisten met de coup getracht hebben om Turkije te redden van islamitische invloeden. De Kemalisten zijn opvolgers van Mustafa Atatürk welke de oprichter is van het moderne Turkije zoals wij deze nu kennen.
Hoewel het onwaarschijnlijk is dat Erdogan zelf achter de staatsgreep zat, aangezien dit een erg risicovolle zet zou zijn, bood het hem wel de mogelijkheid om meer macht te grijpen. Kort na de machtsovername van de regering werden zo’n 2800 militairen en 2745 rechters ontslagen. Politici werden beschuldigd van betrokkenheid bij de staatsgreep en werden uit hun functie geheven. Dit gebeurde allemaal binnen enkele dagen na de couppoging. Dat Erdogan de lijst met ontslagen personen pas na de couppoging opgesteld heeft is erg onwaarschijnlijk.
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
Bij deze arrestaties en afzettingen bleef het echter niet. De Turkse regering heeft een voorstel gedaan tot de herinvoering van de doodstraf om toekomstige staatsgrepen te voorkomen. Met deze radicale wet zou Erdogan nog meer de absolute heerschappij naar zich toe kunnen trekken, door politieke tegenstanders uit te schakelen. Er zijn strengere regels opgesteld voor de pers en de vrijheid van meningsuiting is ingeperkt. Hierdoor kan een opstand in een vroeg stadium bedwongen worden. Bovendien wordt de afzetting van rechters en politici doorgezet, wat vooral de ‘zuivering’ van Gülen aanhangers inhoudt. Dit zijn ontwikkelingen die de dictatuur van Erdogan faciliteren, geïnitieerd door de couppoging.
versterken aangezien deze band is de laatste tijd sterk is verkild. Europa heeft baat bij een goede relatie met Turkije vanwege de vluchtelingendeal waardoor de doorstroom van vluchtelingen is beperkt. De inzet van Merkel voor een gesprek wordt daarom bestempeld als te meewerkend, juist nu de mensenrechten in Turkije gevaar lopen en Erdogan wat tegenwerking nodig heeft. Echter sprak juist Merkel haar kritiek uit over de wijze waarop Erdogan zijn land regeert en gaf hem een koude douche. Merkel sprak haar zorgen uit over de scheiding van de machten en voornamelijk de vrijheid van meningsuiting welke juist in deze situatie zo belangrijk is voor de Turkse democratie. Dit viel niet in goede aarde bij Erdogan, welke juist benadrukte dat de oppositie leugens verspreidt over het presidentiële systeem en de scheiding van de machten hierin. Enkele tijd terug zijn Turkse militairen gevlucht naar Duitsland omdat ze in Turkije verdacht worden van medewerking aan de coup. Een activiteit waar zij allen beweren niet aan deel te hebben genomen, maar Erdogan neemt hierin liever geen risico. Een uitleveringsverzoek werd ingediend en de onderhandelingen begonnen, met een slechte afloop voor Erdogan. Het gesprek waarbij iedereen bang was voor teveel meewerkendheid van Merkel eindigde anders. Merkel zal te veel baat hebben bij de vluchtelingendeal, maar besloot toch de militairen niet uit te leveren. De verdenkingen zijn niet concreet en het uitvoeren van een eerlijk proces kan niet worden gewaarborgd. Dit alles gaf aanleiding om de militairen het vluchtelingenrecht toe te kennen en een uitlevering te negeren.
Erdogan domineert al 14 jaar de Turkse politiek, maar vervult naar eigen zeggen een ceremonieel presidentschap, het is volgens hem daarom de hoogste tijd voor verandering! Met de grote uitdagingen van deze hectische tijd kan hij wel wat meer slagkracht gebruiken, iets wat het parlement hem al gunt. Enkel de kiezers kunnen Erdogan er nog van weerhouden deze extra macht te ontvangen. Zij kunnen dit doen door tegen de grondwetswijziging te stemmen. Slechts twee weken van beraadslagingen binnen het parlement waren nodig voor de meest radicale grondwetsherziening sinds Atatürk, stichter van het moderne Turkije na de Eerste Wereldoorlog. Dit geeft Erdogan de mogelijkheid aan te blijven tot 2029, om de functie van premier te laten verdwijnen en hem de mogelijkheid te geven ministers aan te stellen dan wel te ontslaan. Erdogan zal zelfs invloed krijgen op de rechterlijke macht en het parlement zal over minder macht beschikken. Ondanks dit alles heeft Erdogan de benodigde 60% meerderheid van het parlement aan zijn zijde gekregen. Enkel een referendum kan de grondwetsherziening nog tegenhouden. Onlangs heeft Angela Merkel het vliegtuig gepakt om bij Erdogan op de koffie te gaan, een reisje wat veel stof deed opwaaien in Duitsland. Merkel wil de band tussen Duitsland en Turkije
Er zijn middeleeuwse taferelen aan de gang aan de randen van Europa. Het blijkt zelfs in de 21e eeuw mogelijk om een dictatuur te benaderen. Rechters bekritiseren, de media omzeilen en jezelf omringen met gelijkgestemden, het lijkt de trend van deze tijd. Media berichten in Europa waarschuwen steeds meer voor de situatie in Turkije, maar de politiek kan of durft nog niet in te grijpen. Het begint er steeds meer op te lijken dat de voor- en nadelen van een bondgenootschap worden verkozen boven onze ideologie. De democratie zal nooit ten twijfel mogen worden getrokken en de tijd van ingrijpen komt steeds dichterbij. Laten we nu juist het gesprek aangaan en niet wegkijken.
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A closer look at a master graduation project Direct Numerical Simulation of wall bounded turbulence with dispersed particles
In the Multiphase and Reactive Flows group (former Process- and Combustion Technology groups), research is conducted on all sorts of flow and combustion phenomena. One of the studied phenomena is the interaction between a turbulent flow and particles that are dispersed in this flow. Ricardo van der Pluijm completed his graduation thesis within the group, in this article he explains more about his project. Ricardo van der Pluijm
Introduction
Goal
Figure 1 shows the pole of a wind turbine during a windy and snowy night. In the wake of the pole, the turbulent wind is shedding in vortices. Snowflakes are interacting with these turbulent structures and seem to organize in such a way, that the structures can be visualized by illuminating the sky with a bright spotlight. The visualized flow is an example of a so-called particle-laden turbulent flow, in which the air is a continuous phase and the snow is dispersed in it as a second phase. Other examples of such flows are spreading soot particles that are carried by the atmosphere gases, or the transportation of natural gas, that is contaminated with sand, through a pipeline.
The main focus of the graduation research is to learn more about the influence of particle rotation and rough walls in the simulation of turbulent channel flow. The interaction between a rotating particle and the turbulent carrier flow and the effect of rotation on particle collision will be incorporated. Usually, rotation is assumed to be negligible and is completely left out in most studies. Also, all studies on particle-laden turbulent channel flow assume that angular momentum is always implicitly conserved. Both assumptions are questionable in some cases, the validity will be investigated. The domain of interest is shown in figure 2.
Figure 2
Method Figure 1
Interaction of the two phases is complex and is not understood very well. In many cases, experimental research is not sufficient to understand the underlying mechanisms of interaction due to the small characteristic times of the interactions. Therefore, simulation is the method of choice. Turbulence simulations are very computationally demanding, especially if smaller details of the flow have to be captured. Because of that reason, full simulation of physically relevant situations, such as the spread of soot in the earth’s full atmosphere, are absolutely impossible with the currently available resources. Therefore, the interactions are studied in a more fundamental fashion, on a smaller scale. Deterministic knowledge on this scale will in the end help to develop new models that can calculate data reliably without the computational effort that would be otherwise unavoidable. Better ways to predict the behavior of such multiphase systems could ultimately yield more efficiently engineered solutions to day to day problems.
Direct Numerical Simulation is the best suited method to simulate turbulence if the underlying small structures in the flow have to be captured. In such a method, the flow velocity field is resolved on a grid that is sufficiently fine to capture the smallest length scales. Therefore, no sub-grid model is needed to account for unresolved dissipation. To model the presence of many small and heavy particles, multiple options are available. One option would be to fully resolve the flow around each particle. However, this is not computationally feasible yet for larger numbers of particles. Very fine meshes would be necessary. For sufficiently small particles, the point-particle approach could be applied. The particle is sufficiently small if it is small compared to the smallest scale of the carrier phase (Kolmogorov length scale). The carrier phase is then modeled regularly, by directly solving the NavierStokes equation in an Eulerian frame. The particle rotation and displacement are solved for using Lagrangian equations of motion. Correlations, such as the corrected Stokes law for drag, are used to estimate the forces and torques on particles.
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
Coupling For very low particle volume fractions, only the effects of the surrounding flow on the particles (such as drag- and gravitational forces) have to be taken into account. The effect of the particles on the flow is negligible. This is called one-way coupling. The effect of the particles on the flow becomes less and less negligible for increasing particle volume fractions. The addition of feedback from the particles onto the flow is called two-way coupling. For an even higher particle volume fraction, inter-particle collisions become important. Taking these collisions into account is called four-way coupling. This is made clear in figure 3.
The study also took wall roughness into account. A rough wall is modeled as a normal wall that is covered with randomly spread stationary, fixed particles. The effect of this roughness is that particles tend to migrate to the walls a bit less compared to a case with smooth walls.
Figure 4 Figure 3
Results Figure 4 shows the complexity of the turbulent main flow. The isosurfaces show the boundaries of the turbulent structures (vortices) at a moment in time, the colors indicate the vorticity. Particles tend to migrate to the walls of the channel. The concentration of particles becomes unphysically high if particle collision is not taken into account. This proves that four-way coupling is necessary. The effect of rotating particles is noticeable. Due to rotation, particles start to experience a lift forces, that gets stronger when gravity is present. This effect either pushes particles more to the channel walls or to the midline of the channel. Rotation also influences the outcome of a particle-particle collision. The way in which a collision is altered by rotation heavily depends on collision parameters such as the particle elasticity. For some parameters, the particles organize in such a way that the air turbulence is enhanced, for other parameters the air turbulence is attenuated. This shows that the assumption that rotation is negligible is questionable: dependent on system parameters, turbulence can become more or less intense.
Bachelor Final Project Before the master phase, Ricardo completed his Bachelor Final Project in the Multiscale Engineering Fluid Dynamics group. In this project, a numerical method to solve the Cahn-Hilliard equation was developed. The Cahn-Hilliard equation is a fourth-order partial differential equation that describes the “spinodal decomposition� of binary mixtures over time. A day to day example is the separation of a mixture of oil and water into two separate layers. A finite element method was used. The MEFD group focuses on theoretical modeling and numerical techniques for flow problems, while the MRF group focuses more on (multiphase) flows in general, partially experimentally.
The last result of this study is a bit more fundamental and mathematical. It turns out that, with periodic boundary conditions (what flows out flows back in on the other side), essentially angular momentum is not conserved. This is a new insight. The void of this conservation law means that the solution is not fully correct. However, for this special case, the amount of angular momentum in the system fluctuates quickly around a fixed mean. This means that the variation in angular momentum diminishes over time if one observes long enough.
Conclusion This study helped to gain more insight in how a turbulent flow affects present particles, and how these particles in turn affect the carrier turbulent flow. It turns out that concerning particle rotation and wall roughness, many factors affect both influences. This fact opens the way for further research. It also gave more insight in whether fundamental momentum conservation laws are satisfied within the simulation approaches that have been used in the last few decades. It turns out that such methods do not conserve all properties fully, but that the error is small and the reached accuracy is satisfactory.
After graduating The specialization in computational fluid dynamics within mechanical engineering opens the way for a broad spectrum of career opportunities. Ricardo now works in a small business that develops and builds electron beam lithography machines. Half of his workload concerns supply chain management. This includes the engineering of mechanical parts that are produced by external suppliers. The other half is spent in the cleanroom as an R&D engineer, analyzing and improving the flow and temperature management in and around the machines, up to nanoscale precision.
14
Solar Team Eindhoven
Een update over het proces
Na een uitgebreid stuk over ons team en het aerodynamisch ontwerp zal in deze editie een korte update volgen over het proces zelf. De tussenstand: met vijf maanden achter de rug en nog vier maanden te gaan tot de autopresentatie is het ontwerp van de auto bijna klaar. Langzaam maar zeker maken we ons op voor de volgende fase: de productie. Beatrix Bos & Lasse Castenmiller Vlak voor de kerst waren het spannende tijden voor het team. Ruim anderhalve maand lang had een deel van de engineers zich gebogen over het ontwerp van de buitenkant van de auto. Drie van de werktuigbouwers hebben samen met een van onze designers hun uiterste best gedaan om de buitenkant van de nieuwe zonneauto zo aerodynamisch mogelijk te maken. Daarbij was het ook belangrijk ons beeld van een strakke, sexy maar ook praktische gezinsauto uit het oog te verliezen natuurlijk. De avond voor de deadline heeft de rest van het team een luxe driegangen kerstdiner bereid. ‘Team Aero’ hoefde niet te koken en niet af te wassen: zij zouden de laatste nacht nog doorwerken om de volgende ochtend het uiteindelijke ontwerp aan de rest van de groep te presenteren. Dat is ze gelukt. Een grote mijlpaal was bereikt en het succes is gevierd, een flinke boost voor het team! Direct na (sommigen zelfs tijdens) de kerstdagen konden we weer vol aan de bak. Van januari tot maart staat alles in het teken van rekenen, tekenen, opnieuw rekenen en opnieuw tekenen. Het is nu zaak dat
elk onderdeel wat in de auto zal komen uitgedacht en ontworpen wordt. Omdat alle delen goed op elkaar aan moeten sluiten, moet er bij elke keuze stilgestaan worden bij de zogenaamde interfaces: de linken tussen de verschillende aspecten van de auto zoals het stuursysteem en het interieur. Je zou zeggen dat hier niet gelijk een link te vinden, maar niets is minder waar. Het stuur zelf is onderdeel van beide onderdelen en heeft ook invloed op de plaatsing van andere knopjes en hendels. Overleggen is hier het sleutelwoord. De volledige body van de auto is op alle vlakken uitvoerig geanalyseerd en doorgerekend om aan alle eisen te voldoen, evenals de voor- en achter ophanging van de auto. Intussen hebben de elektro- en software engineers samengewerkt om alle elektronische functies van de auto in kaart te brengen, te structureren en te ontwerpen aan de hand van state machines. Dat is al snel een proces waar weer een aantal weken overheen gaat. Zo kom je langzamerhand steeds een stapje dichter bij de auto die ook daadwerkelijk gebouwd gaat worden. Eerst kon je nauwelijks
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
voorstellen hoe de auto eruit ging komen te zien, en inmiddels is bij sommige onderdelen al bekend welk schroefje waar komt. Dat moet ook wel, want de tijd begint te dringen!
Vooruitblik Op 15 februari hebben onze familie en alle partners tijdens de designpresentatie al een sneakpreview gekregen van onze nieuwe zonneauto. Een belangrijke mijlpaal waarin we voor het eerste kunnen laten zien wat we precies gaan bouwen. 19 juni zullen we het nieuwste lid van de Stella-familie onthullen aan de rest van de wereld. Helaas, jullie zullen nog even moeten wachten. Tot die tijd moet er nog een hoop gebeuren: elk onderdeel wat bedacht wordt, moet ook daadwerkelijk gemaakt gaan worden. Het meest arbeidsintensieve onderdeel zal het geraamte van de auto zijn. Deze zal bijna volledig worden gemaakt van koolstofvezel, een bijzonder sterk en licht materiaal. Laag voor laag zullen we de prepregs (een combinatie van koolstofvezels en hars) op grote mallen leggen, waarna het wordt afgebakken in een grote oven. Tijdens dit proces moeten we op voorhand al rekening houden met de posities waar we later gaten in moeten boren: hier moet het geraamte plaatselijk versterkt worden. We verwachten zeker anderhalve maand fulltime bezig te zijn met het produceren van de gehele body, waarna we kunnen beginnen met het inbouwen van alle onderdelen.
Meer dan techniek Naast het bedenken, bereken en bouwen van de auto, moet er daarnaast van alles geregeld worden om zo’n groot project tot stand te laten komen. Ook politieke discussies en instanties
komen daarbij om de hoek kijken. Allereerst kunnen die handig zijn voor de financiering van het project door een aanvraag te doen voor een fonds of een subsidie. Daarvoor moet je natuurlijk eerst diep graven bij overheidsinstanties om te ontdekken welke subsidies er allemaal zijn, laat staan te weten komen of je überhaupt aanspraak maakt op een bijdrage uit dat potje. Pagina’s vol voorwaarden en invulformulieren maken dat werk niet heel veel leuker. De voldoening is dan ook groot als je een paar maanden verder toch nog een bedrag op je rekening bijgeschreven kan krijgen. Laten ze ons gunstig gezind zijn. Een volkomen andere kwestie brengt ons ook weer naar de achterkamertjes van politiek Den Haag, oh zo ver van ons kantoortje op de TU/e-campus. Je zou het misschien niet zo snel denken, maar of wij een kenteken kunnen krijgen of niet hangt voor een groot deel af van de regelgeving in Nederland. Aan een kenteken zitten ontzettend veel eisen verbonden die proberen onze veiligheid in een auto te waarborgen. Echter gaat de techniek sneller dan de regeltjes. Neem als voorbeeld de spiegels. Aangezien wij proberen een zo efficiënt mogelijke auto te bouwen, is het volkomen tegendraads om twee uitstekende bobbels aan de auto vast te plakken die je meer zicht zullen geven op de omgeving om je heen. Anno 2017 bestaan daar prachtige camerasystemen voor die zelfs meer zicht zouden kunnen geven en die slim verwerkt kunnen worden in de body van de nieuwste zonneauto. Echter, de wet zegt dat het niet is toegestaan om zonder spiegels te rijden. Hoewel op Europees niveau het nieuwe camerasysteem met de daarbij horende eisen al goedgekeurd is, lopen ze in Nederland nog een beetje achter. Hoe gaan wij er dan voor zorgen dat we toch een kenteken kunnen krijgen en geen spiegels aan de auto hoeven te maken? Door diep in de regels duiken en veel te praten met de juiste personen hopen we in juli uitsluitsel te krijgen voor deze inmiddels politieke zaak. Benieuwd naar het resultaat? Volg dan het komende jaar de updates in de volgende edities van de Simon Ster. Wil je ondertussen meer weten? Stuur dan een mail naar beatrix.bos@solarteameindhoven.nl of kijk op onze website: www.solarteameindhoven.nl.
16
Great Dutch Inventions
The Stock Exchange
The 9th of September, in the year 1606: Pieter Harmenszoon, envoy for the mayor of Enkhuizen, visits the local dependence of the VOC. With a grand amount of 150 guldens he purchases a share in the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie), the Dutch East Indian trade company. Bas Raes The Golden Age At the beginning of the 17th century the United Provinces (old of their capital, a considerable amount was obtained, enabling name for the Netherlands; see box) is prospering and in the midthe VOC to continue its operations. In return the investors were dle of its Golden Age. The mercantilist Dutch are shrewd traders given a share of the profits or dividends as it is called today. and so Amsterdam has become the centre of global trade. From all corners of the world ships loaded with valuable goods visited A lively exchange the Dutch port to conduct business. To control its trade the govAs the stocks were freely tradeable and the VOC was performing ernment has installed trade companies well, soon there came to be a lively that deal with a part of the world. The The United Provinces commerce in these stocks. For the first Dutch authorities had granted the VOC For foreign people the names Netherlands years the trade was loosely regulated the monopoly for the lucrative trade (country), Holland (province) and the Dutch and most business was conducted on with the East Indies and other parts of (people) give rise to some confusion. However the Damrak in Amsterdam. However Asia. to make it even more complicated the Netherthe city council felt after some years lands didn’t use to be called that way in the that trade should be more centralized 17th century. Instead it was called the United and this resulted in the ‘Beurs van HenProvinces referring to the way the government drick de Keyser’. It was here that the The first joint-stock company was organised. There were seven provinces that VOC-shares were traded and by that Nevertheless undertaking voyages to all had high levels of autonomy, only working means that stock exchange is considthe other side of the world was a very together on matters like diplomacy, defence and ered to be the oldest one in the world. costly business, therefore there was a trade. Even the board of the VOC was spread out constant need for investments. Previover different provinces. Pieter Harmenszoon ously, enterprises that undertook these The dates about the transaction from long voyages were dependent on either Pieter Harmenszoon are no coincithe government or exceptionally wealthy merchants. Relying on dence. In fact the dates are known exactly, because the paper he these kind of investors meant that they got a lot of influence in received, as proof of purchase, still exists. It was discovered by acthe operation of the business, which wasn’t always desirable. To cident by a history student in an old archive in 2010. Dating back solve this problem the VOC found an alternative business model: to 1606 it is the oldest share that is known to exist. Furthermore issuing shares. it is interesting because after Pieter’s death in 1638 he left the shares to his wife and daughter. The proof of purchase was also In this way ordinary citizens could also invest in the enterprise used as an overview for the dividend, giving historians valuable and as the trade was profitable there was a remarkable amount information about the financial situation of the VOC throughout of middle class people that were willing to invest. By bundling all the years.
The VOC
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Archaïsme: de eerste jaren
Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
Zo ging het vroeger
W.S.V. Simon Stevin kent vele tradities, maar deze zijn ook eens ontstaan! Bart Verhaegh en Sjors van Adrichem duiken de archieven in en zoeken uit waar onze gebruiken nu eigenlijk vandaan komen. De Lustrumweek in mei komt dichterbij, wat betekent dat het twaalfde lustrum er al bijna op zit. Wat gebeurde er zoal tijdens het eerste lustrum?
Sjors van Adrichem & Bart Verhaegh Zaken over vroeger Het eerste overdrachtsweekend (tussen het 1e en 2e Bestuur) vond plaats in Brugge, de geboorteplaats van Simon Stevin. In de jaren die daarop volgden vond de overdracht wederom traditioneel plaats op historische locaties, zo vond die van het 5e Bestuur plaats in IJsselstein bij Utrecht, waar Simon Stevin een molen gebouwd heeft. De overdracht speelde zich af in een oude raadszaal en de aansluitende receptie in een prominente toren. Een eervolle activiteit voor de nieuwe Voorzitter was dat hij de Simon Stevinlaan in Utrecht officieel mocht openen. Excursies stonden vroeger misschien nog wel hoger in het vaandel dan nu bij de W.S.V. Regelmatig ging er een groep van veertig W’ers naar een interessant bedrijf, met als hoogtepunt de “Zomerexcursie”. Deze excursie hield in dat dik twintig leden elf dagen door Europa trokken en elke dag een bedrijf bezochten. De toenmalig Voorzitter had er zo zijn mening over: ‘Ik ben bereid tegenover ieder te verklaren dat elk Simon-lid dat op deze excursie niet is mee geweest, een beklagenswaardig wezen is.´ Sommige plannen liepen anders; er is getracht een cursus ‘Frans’ op te zetten op experimentele basis, maar dit mislukte door ‘onbevredigende belangstelling’. Wat wel aansloeg onder de leden, was de technische film op woensdagmiddag. Zeker twintig films werden er jaarlijks gedraaid om ieders technische kennis bij te spijkeren. Verder is in het vierde jaar de verre voorvader van de
FSE-vergadering ontstaan, er werd een Voorzittersvergadering geïntroduceerd onder de vier studieverenigingen om gemeenschappelijke zaken te kunnen bespreken.
De Lustrumafsluiting De afsluiting van het eerste Lustrum bestond uit een volgepakte 3-daagse chaos van activiteiten. Op dag één vertrokken twee bussen naar Rotterdam om daar olieraffinaderij Shell te bezoeken. Na een lokale overnachting stond scheepswerf Wilton-Feijenoord op de planning, met ’s avonds een flinke maaltijd. De Lustrumcommissie had het plan om op die avond nog even door te pakken in een café in Oirschot, wat lekker dicht bij huis was. Daar stond dan een fust te wachten om de dorstige studenten van bier te voorzien. De commissie was echter vergeten dat het niet al te gemakkelijk is om volle bussen uit Rotterdam te manoeuvreren. Dit resulteerde in: ‘Ongeveer vijf en twintig dapperen stonden nu voor de zware taak een vijftig liters fust voor sluitingstijd (red: niet eens een uur) te legen.’ De volgende dag begon met een brunch, waar verrassend ongeveer 25 van de 150 deelnemers niet op kwamen dagen. De derde en laatste dag werd afgesloten met een chique diner en aansluitend bal. Op de kasteelachtige locatie bevond zich op de benedenverdieping zelfs een kegelbaan, waar menig student kon ontspannen. Zeg nou zelf: dat klinkt nog niet zo slecht voor een eerste lustrum?
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TU/ecomotive: Lina
‘s Werelds eerste structurele bio-based auto
De nieuwe generatie auto’s wordt steeds efficiënter en zuiniger. Electrische auto’s beginnen zich echt te vestigen in het automotive landschap en er wordt veel geïnvesteerd om auto’s nóg zuiniger te maken. Autofabrikanten proberen de auto een steeds kleiner aandeel te geven in de uitstoot van CO2 in de atmosfeer. Dit is natuurlijk een heel goede ontwikkeling binnen de automotive industrie; iedereen weet dat er in de toekomst geen plaats meer is voor voertuigen die gebruik maken van fossiele brandstoffen en hierdoor de lucht vervuilen. Één ding wordt echter vaak over het hoofd gezien: De vervuiling in de fase vóór dat de auto voor je deur staat.
Loes van den Beuken Dit jaar zet TU/ecomotive met haar stadsauto Lina de volgende stap om mobiliteit nóg duurzamer te maken. Vandaag de dag worden materialen zoals carbon en aluminium steeds meer gebruikt door autofabrikanten om auto’s lichter en daarmee zuiniger te maken. Dit is een stap in de goede richting, maar er is meer nodig. Carbon is heel licht, maar er is veel energie nodig om het te vervaardigen en het is bijna onmogelijk te recyclen. Voor het produceren van staal en aluminium moeten hoogovens dag en nacht op extreem hoge temperaturen gehouden worden om het vloeibaar te houden. TU/ecomotive laat zien dat niet alleen het rijden efficiënter en duurzamer kan, maar dat ook het productieproces flink opgeschoond kan worden. Daarom zijn zij de eerste die structurele onderdelen in de auto van schone en duurzame materialen maken. Dit doet het team met behulp van een materiaal dat als vervanger gaat dienen voor staal, aluminium en carbon. Het vervangende materiaal hiervoor is een plantje: vlas. Dat klinkt misschien raar maar deze plant heeft extreem sterke vezels. Door deze vezels over elkaar te leggen in een plaat te drukken ontstaat er een sterk en licht materiaal. Erg vergelijkbaar met de structuur van koolstofvezel maar dan voor zeker 90% biologisch.
Vlas
Lina is dus een lichte, elektrische stadsauto. Opvallend aan de auto is het formaat. In een stedelijke omgeving is ruimte heel belangrijk. De ruimte op straat is beperkt en parkeerplekken zijn schaars. Een stadsauto mag dus niet al te groot zijn. Lina is 3.5 meter lang, 1.4 meter hoog en 1.3 meter breed. Maar, behalve de ruimte op straat is de ruimte in de auto natuurlijk ook belangrijk. Door de wielen op de uiterste hoeken van de auto te plaatsen kunnen er tóch vier volwassen comfortabel in zitten.
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
mogelijk in het chassis te plaatsen. In deze compacte behuizing zijn twee elektromotoren geplaatst. Deze motoren sturen hun kracht via een vertraging naar de voorwielen. Het vermogen van de motoren is 8 kW en 85 Nm. Door de combinatie met het lage gewicht komt de auto ook nog eens sportief van zijn plek.
Lina’s chassis, de ruggengraat van de auto, is gemaakt van biocomposiet. Het is gemaakt van een composiet dat bestaat uit twee platen vlas vezels in een dragende laag polypropyleen met een honinggraat kern van bio-based PLA plastic. Samen vormt dit een ontzettend sterk en erg licht materiaal. Door het gebruik van dit bio-based materiaal en de enorme gewichtsbesparing worden de embodied energy en de impact op het milieu sterk verminderd. De vering is ook het toelichten waard. Omdat het gewicht overal omlaag gebracht is, weegt de auto maar 225 kg. Dat is ontzettend licht, al helemaal als je je realiseert dat 4 volwassen met bagage al gauw meer dan 350 kg wegen. Je begrijpt dus dat de lading van Lina een grote invloed kan hebben op het rijgedrag. Als er een conventionele veer in de auto geplaatst was, zou de auto veel te hard geveerd zijn met 1 persoon en te ver ingeveerd zijn met 4 personen. De oplossing hiervoor is een lichtgewicht multilink systeem met een luchtveer. De luchtveer kan vanuit de auto ingesteld worden op het aantal passagiers. Daardoor kan de auto veilig en efficiënt rijden met elke belading. Dit zijn de accupakketten, de krachtbron van de auto. De huidige generatie auto’s gebruikt vaak zware, lastig te vervangen accupakketten. Door de mogelijkheid om het aantal pakketten te kiezen hoef je alleen maar accu’s mee te nemen voor de afstand die je gaat rijden. Elk accupakket geeft een range van minstens 50 kilometer. Bovendien hoef je nooit meer te wachten tot je auto opgeladen is, je kan namelijk gewoon snel de accupakketten verwisselen.
Het volgende belangrijke en onmisbare onderdeel is de motor. Tot nu toe zijn alle auto’s van TU/ecomotive achterwiel aangedreven geweest. Lina brengt daar verandering in. Waarom? Zoals eerder gezegd is interieur ruimte belangrijk bij een stadsauto. De uitdaging was dan ook om een efficiënte aandrijflijn zo compact
Verder heeft Lina geen sleutelgaten. Dit is niet nodig, doordat de auto over NFC chips in de deur beschikt. Door je telefoon tegen de deur aan te houden weet de auto wie je bent en of de deur open mag. Ook kan hij meteen het multimedia systeem aan jouw favoriete wensen aanpassen. Dit betekent dus dat de auto zich bijvoorbeeld kan aanpassen aan verschillende bestuurders in een gezin. Maar, het betekent ook dat de auto uitermate geschikt is voor car-sharing diensten. Car-sharing diensten worden steeds populairder in stedelijke omgevingen. Dat is een gunstige trend: door het delen van auto’s hoeven er in totaal minder auto’s geproduceerd worden, wat zorgt voor een reductie in de uitstoot. Als je instellingen voor de auto op je telefoon opslaat kan elke Lina op jouw voorkeuren worden aangepast, en kun je de auto meenemen die op dat moment voor jou klaarstaat. Lina is dus de eerste auto die structurele onderdelen gaat gebruiken die gemaakt zijn van biocomposieten. Hierdoor is ze niet alleen efficiënt en praktisch maar ook duurzaam van productie tot sloop. Door NFC technologie kan Lina gebruikt worden voor car-sharing doeleinden, maar toch voelen als je eigen auto. Om te bewijzen dat deze technologieën vandaag de dag al hun toepassing kunnen vinden op de openbare weg, zal Lina zich meten met andere straat legale auto’s door een RDW keuring af te leggen en een kenteken te ontvangen. De auto zal in het voorjaar van 2017 door het team gepresenteerd worden.
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Kijk in de Sterren
Get ready for Trump
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
Sometimes it’s good fun to watch the elderly try to navigate through the technological world. But when we combine politics and technology we can’t ignore Donald Trump, the new president of the United States of America and that doesn’t really feel like a laughing matter. He has some interesting opinions on different technological hot items. To quote Trump: ‘we’re closing that internet up’ and ‘it’s impossible to know who committed a cyberattack after the fact’. We’ll see where it ends up. For now you can have a look at his inauguration which was pretty big.
Sebastiaan van Kemenade
22
Space Politics
The ownership of the moon
The dream of many, but few will reach it. Going to the moon is technologically already possible for us, but the energy we have to put in launching just a few people to the moon is huge. But when the moment arrives when we will be able to put people on the moon with ease there is one question which is the most difficult: “Who owns the moon?”
Robin van Zijl Handling this question is difficult since every country would want the moon for whatever reason they can find. However there was a similar situation like this before back here on Earth. During the Cold War there were twelve countries with significant interests in Antarctica. To preserve the peace and promote scientific research a treaty was set up which bans military activity and allows freedom of scientific research and exchange of information. But the most important part says that no sovereign state may lay claim on any territory of Antarctica. Establishing this treaty worked for Antarctica, so shall it also work for the moon? Such a treaty as for Antarctica was also established for the moon, however none of the big countries like the US and China signed this treaty, rendering the entire treaty a bit useless. This treaty bans all exploration and uses of celestial bodies without the approval or benefit of other states and bans any state from claiming sovereignty over any territory of celestial bodies. So the states who sign this treaty won’t be able to create a colony on the moon under their name but have to create a colony in a joint venture just like the ISS. But which country who is able to colonize the moon doesn’t want it to be under their name? But what will happen when there are colonies on the moon or Mars and will they forever be a colony of a sovereign state of Earth? There are big concerns about this part of space exploration since it can be compared to the early days of the exploration of Earth where monarchs claimed every part of the Earth they discovered and led to enormous colonial states. Only after a long while did
the people in these colonies rebelled against their monarch like the US which was a former British colony. They rebelled against them because they felt that they were put lower than the British. So will this also be the fate of every space colony we establish. In the early days of space exploration they will most likely stay a colony until they are self-sufficient and the people in that colony start to become strangers to their sovereign state. At the moment does no one claim the moon since we aren’t capable of creating a colony on the moon, but it’s actually just waiting until our technology in space exploration makes a big leap in such a way that a second space race will begin with everyone capable country starting to claim places in space. Controlling those spaces won’t be easy but it will just be a matter of time until it happens. Will a treaty like the one for Antarctica work for space? Most likely it won’t hold since the difference between cultures here on Earth are just too big to settle a joint colony which makes the form of a democracy on those colony extremely difficult. So at the moment does no nation on Earth claim or own the moon, but it’s just a matter of time until it happens.
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VDL Enabling Technologies Group Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
De combinatie van ontwikkeling en productie onder één dak maakt werken bij VDL bijzonder Rick Baade Promovendus TU/e / VDL ETG T&D
“Dynamica & constructie is wat mij betreft
Na een jaar krijgt Rick de mogelijkheid om
“Het leuke en uitdagende aan mijn
de basis voor werktuigbouwkunde.” Dat is
op de TU/e promotieonderzoek te doen
onderzoek is dat je bezig bent met het
de reden waarom Rick Baade (26 jaar) deze
voor VDL ETG. Die kans grijpt hij met beide
bouwen van een lichtgewicht hightech
studierichting van WTB aan de TU/e koos.
handen aan. Hij is nu bezig met de
machine en je de kans krijgt om het hele
ontwikkeling van een nieuwe robot in een
proces zelf vorm te geven en te volgen: van
“Machines en mechanica heb ik altijd
waferhandler, een module die is
ontwerp tot en met productie. Daar komt
interessant gevonden. Na mijn studie ben ik
geïntegreerd in een chipmachine.
van alles bij kijken: constructie, ontwerp, geometrie, contaminatie, thermische
eerst een jaar gaan werken als engineer bij VDL Enabling Technologies Group (VDL ETG).
Rick legt uit: “Die robot zorgt ervoor dat de
aspecten, materiaal, processen in de
Van studeren naar werken in het bedrijfs
wafer in een vacuümomgeving wordt
fabriek, samenwerken met mensen.
leven is wel even omschakelen. Het is een
verplaatst naar het volgende station in de
Bij VDL ETG kun je zelfs direct de fabriek in
totaal andere omgeving. Je werkt bij VDL
machine. En dat moet zeer snel en
lopen om het proces te volgen. Die
ETG veel in projectteams met collega’s met
nauwkeurig gebeuren, maar vooral ook
combinatie van ontwikkeling en productie
verschillende aandachtsgebieden en je krijgt
schoon. VDL ETG koopt de robot nu in.
onder één dak is heel bijzonder.”
direct veel verantwoordelijkheid. Dan leer je
Deze is erg prijzig, dus het is aan mij om
pas echt samenwerken. Zeker als het werk
een beter en goedkoper alternatief te
Hoe ziet Rick de toekomst? “VDL ETG is een
onder tijdsdruk moet gebeuren. Het eerste
ontwikkelen.”
bedrijf dat mooie complexe producten maakt
jaar beviel goed. De collega’s zijn erg leuk
voor diverse klanten. Veel variatie, dus ook
en de sfeer is hier goed.”
veel carrièremogelijkheden.”
Kijk op www.vdletg.com of mail naar recruitment@vdletg.com VDL Enabling Technologies Group bv Achtseweg Noord 5 • 5651 GG Eindhoven T +31 (0)40 263 88 88 • info@vdletg.com • www.vdletg.com
24
Column Groep-één
Funding in Education
If you’ve been following the news lately, you must’ve noticed all the fuss regarding the funding of the technical universities. If you haven’t, here’s a little recap: since around 2011, the number of students studying at TU’s has almost doubled. The funding however, has remained constant and that, as you might imagine, is causing all the trouble. But before we start analysing the problems we’re facing, let’s have a look at our institution: how are we funded, what makes us different and on a more existential note, why do we exist? Gert-Jan Both
History Time for a little history then. Up until the end of the 20th century, there was no such thing as a technical university in the Netherlands. As much of the equipment still lying around all the labs remembers us, we used to be a technische Hogeschool. In fact, in many countries institutions like the TU/e are on the level of a university of applied sciences (Hogeschool). The difference arose back in the middle ages: universities were institutions which educated students and did research related to law, medicine and theology. Training engineers on the other hand, was mostly the domain of military institutions. With the advancing technological developments arose the need for civilian engineers - and civilian engineers didn’t do much research. In 1842 our king Willem II founded the ‘Royal academy for the education of civilian engineers’, whose goal was ‘to serve nation and industry and of apprentices for trade’. Note the ‘to serve nation and industry’ part: then as it is today, the TU’s strong focus on and cooperation with the industry sets us apart from general universities. Most of the engineers graduating from the Royal academy were shipped to Indië to tame the jungle and not to do research. The Royal academy would in time grow out to the Technical University of Delft.
A second university, which was to be Wageningen University, followed in the early 20th century, again with a very specific goal: to do research and support the Dutch agriculture. The need for engineers exploded after the second world war: the reconstruction of our country and the rapid development of all kinds of (household-) technologies required many engineers. In the 1950’s, the government founded two new ‘institutions of technology’: one in Eindhoven and one in Twente. The four institutions comprising the 4TU (Delft, Eindhoven, Twente and Wageningen) started doing more research, culminating in 1986 in the birth of the Technical University by a change in the law.
Funding There’s another difference between a general university and a technical university. Training an engineer is very expensive, but, luckily for us, the government acknowledges this. A university’s incoming cash flow is generally divided into three ‘flows’. The first flow is government funding: the money we get from the government simply for existing and is comprised of a [vaste voet] and a flexible part, depending, for one thing, on the number of
25
Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
students. Part of this money is meant for research, part of it for education. However, the government (or more specifically, the ministry of education, science and culture (OCW)) calculates what each university gets and then simply gives us the money; how we arrange the money internally is up to us. This is what we call a lump-sum. Then there’s the second flow, which consists of money from public organisations such as the NWO and finally we have the third flow. The third flow consists of money meant for certain projects and often originates from the industry. As you can imagine, money meant for education comes from the first flow. More students means more money, right? Unfortunately, it’s not so simple. As I said, the first flow consists of a [vaste voet] and a flexible part. The [vaste voet] makes up nearly 70% of the first flow and doesn’t grow with increasing numbers of students. But that’s not all. The flexible part is based on student numbers two years ago: not a problem when your student numbers are nearly constant or even declining, but a very big problem when you’re experiencing massive growth for multiple years in a row. Guess in which category we are. But wait- there’s even more: training an engineer is so expensive, that money meant for research is actually used for education. All these factors together formed the perfect storm: vastly increasing student numbers, coupled to no increase in funding while there’s already a shortage. Let me be clear: the problem is in the money. As our rector magnificus, Frank Baaijens, has said many times, we want to educate all the prospective technical students. We want to supply the industry with engineers. But we also have an obligation to deliver these engineers of a certain quality and that’s the problem. So, what do you do when you’re faced with a political problem? You start lobbying.
Lobbying Lobbying is quite an elusive field. Not much is known about the influence of lobbyists in the Netherlands or the EU, but we do see them turning up everywhere more and more. It’s becoming quite the buzzword, but not many have a clear idea of what it actually is. Wikipedia defines it as ‘the act of attempting to influence the actions, policies, or decisions of officials in his or her daily life’, which in practice comes down to visiting and talking – lots of visiting and talking. By making sure a politician remembers you, can often slide the decision making in your favor. It’s a known phenomenon in marketing: by simply exposing the public to your brand very often, they become more positive about your brand – regardless of the quality of the advertising. Lobbying thus is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it allows companies to influence politics on decisions against the general good of the public. On the other hand, it allows small groups to let their voice be known, a vital part of democracy. As Groep-een, we took the initiative to send an open letter to the secretary of Education, Jet Bussemaker, together with students’ parties from Wageningen, Delft and Twente. Luckily for us, local
and national news picked up our letter and published articles about the problems at the TU’s. We even made the front page of the AD on Monday morning! Together with some parallel initiatives by the industry, we fought our way to the top of the agenda. And with success, as several weeks later Pieter Duijsenberg en Michel Rog, responsible for education on behalf of VVD and CDA, launched a resolution to solve these problems. It was passed; an investigation into the funding problems of the TU’s was launched and we’re expecting the results around now. However, no word about the extra funding we so desperately need. So, where does that leave us? Not much is going to change in the coming few months. As the elections are coming up, it’s a no-go for politicians to move around or invest large amounts of money. However, the elections do provide us with an opportunity to get the funding problem high on the agenda of the new government, so that’s what we’re focusing on now. We’re quite confident it’ll work, as Jet Bussemaker was very impressed with what we launched last November. We’ll keep on lobbying the coming months, and hopefully you can open up the newspaper someday next year and read: ‘500 million euros extra a year for Technical universities’. Want to know more? Check out groep-een.com or shoot us an email at fraction@groep-een.com!
26
Profiel: Tata Nano Twist
World’s Cheapest Passenger Car
Being the Cheapest car doesn’t mean low quality product for €4200. The Tata Nano is a great value for money. It is similar to that of the old “MINI” with a narrow and a short length body but it is way taller with its composite steel monocoque body made for a large types of users. Aakash Amul Tata Motors is a $42 billion company which belongs to the world renowned $100 billion TATA group. The Tata motors started making commercial heavy duty trucks in 1945 and later moved on to passenger cars for the Indian subcontinent middle east and African markets. Tata motors bought the Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) from Ford Motors in 2008. They launched an ambitious and a challenging car in 2007-2008 for India after facing various challenging hurdles. That is the Tata Nano. Tata Nano is the cheapest car in the world till now, that can go on city roads and highways. The Nano was designed to suit the requirements for city, urban users and tall passengers as well. The Nano is a very cheap small hatch back car that can carry up to 4 passengers with its 2 cylinder gasoline engine. The Tata Nano concept called the Tata Pixel is made for European markets. The Tata Nano Twist – Easy Shift is the next generation of the old Nano that saw a lot of improvements. These improvements were a part of Tata’s strategy to keep up the low price tag as well as improve the car. The Tata Nano Twist next generation was tested in India to see its quality and performance in comparison with the low price.
27
Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
Driving the TATA Nano Chennai is located in the southern part of India in the east coast surrounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Indian Ocean in the south, the temperatures in winter reached up to 20-28 Degrees Celsius. It was a bright sunny day in Chennai and it was on the day of New Year’s Eve. The roads were crowded and jam packed with two, four, six and also one or two 18 wheelers along with pedestrians on the roads. After reaching the showroom the test drive vehicle was parked outside and it was time to rev up the mini engine. It was exciting to drive the Tata Nano for the first time. When I got into the car I found out that there were no airbags, ABS or ESP except for the seat belts and a big crumple zone in front of me. Just strapping the seatbelts I started driving on the busiest road in the city of Chennai. The car’s 642cc 2 cylinder is not very powerful, but it could very much satisfy the needs in a busy city like Chennai. The car had a 5 speed dry clutch AMT gear box, so there was no pain in frequent gear shifts manually. It was so amazing that the low cost car had an AMT made by “Magneti Merelli”, which is a leading manufacturer of AMT technology. The AMT’s response was not good though, initial startups were very bumpy due to the clutch slips. This was satisfied by the creep function mimicking the torque convertor after startup. The advantages of the Nano was experienced only when the traffic became more. The car was able to steer in between cars and motor cycles easily compared to other regular cars. The Electronic Power Steering (EPS) was an additional feature only in the top variant. The low cost brushless power steering was developed by ZF in collaboration with Bosch India. The non- power steering option would have been a nightmare on the Indian roads with two wheelers and cars coming from all directions into your lane.
Specifications
Tata Nano Twist
Engine
642 cc, 2 cylinder, naturally aspirated Petrol Multipoint injection, Euro 4
Output Power
28 kW @ 5500 +/- 250 rpm
Output Torque
51 Nm @ 4000 +/- 500 rpm
Top Speed
80-105 km/hr.
Transmission and Drive
5 Speed Synchromesh gear box, AMT controller with single dry clutch, automatic and manual mode. Rear wheel drive.
Performance
0-70Km/hr in about 3.3 seconds (Tested) in Ludicrous mode
Suspension
Front: Independent, lower wishbone, McPherson struts with gas-filled dampers and anti-roll bar. Rear: Independent, semi trailing arm with coil spring & gas-filled shock absorbers.
Fuel Tank
24 Liters
Range
340-360 km for 1 full tank absorbers
Seating Capacity
3+1
Interior The Tata Nano twist has undergone many improvements in its interiors. The interiors cannot be expected with a high quality though. The thoughtfully crafted interiors with poly-urethane dual tone dash board makes the car look sporty from inside. There are two glove boxes for convenience and the cluster panel is located in the center with more detailing using LED display. The display is very basic with only necessary features like fuel gauge and trip odometer and an analog speedometer. The drive was pretty comfortable more than expected. The suspensions were not that great and also the vehicle had body rolls while taking turns. The air conditioners were able to handle the heat that made the ride more comfortable. The power steering and the automatic transmission along with the small body makes parking very convenient and maneuvering in small crowded streets very easy. It will be the best car to drive around in Amsterdam, if Tata ever brings the “Pixel” to the Dutch market.
There are basic features like front power windows, music system, mobile charging port and manual controls for air conditioner. The front seats were plastic molded and longitudinally adjustable. The rear seats were non-adjustable and not very convenient for more than two passengers. The head room was much higher than any car available in that segment. The quality of the interior was not so amazing but it had reasonable features for that price.
28
Exterior The Nano twist has an improved facelift and comes with fog lamps and a wide spread head light doom with black powder ring coating in the front. The car has a nice charming look with its smile type front bumper and a chrome strip connecting the big headlamps. The radiator is placed in the front for saving rear trunk space. The car looks reasonably taller and it is indeed convenient for tall passengers also. The engine is located in the rear to have more stable grip on the road to compensate its low power. I believe the body is not very strong as from the EURO NCAP for safety norms, but it is well suited for the lower level of the Indian norms so it can be operated in India.
The Final Verdict The Tata Nano Twist is a value for money car that will fit the needs of middle class people. The low power engine does not produce enough power to carry more than 4 passengers. The refinement is not a general point along with an ever present engine noise. The gear box controllers must be improved. The performance in terms of starting torque and power was very low but the maneuverability at low speeds within city traffic was amazing. The cabin noise levels needs to be very much improved. The Nano Twist is the world’s cheapest and the most fuel efficient automatic car. The target audiences are middle income people especially lady drivers, so the lower spare parts costs becomes an advantage in that case to buy the Nano twist.
Ratings for the Tata Nano Twist Experience Interior Exterior Comfort Overall rating of the Tata Nano Twist
Masterclass 2017 Business course ‘It’s been a steep learning curve – like a gym for the brain’ Meet Giovanna and Zhiyang Giovanna works for AkzoNobel as an International Business Analyst, while Zhiyang is a Supply Chain Production Planner. They were both welcomed as new colleagues at AkzoNobel following their impressive performances at our 2015 Masterclass, after which they applied for starting positions following graduation. The Masterclass business course introduced them to our company’s ambitions, culture and a wide variety of people, products and processes. It also enabled them to learn about the way in which our Human Cities initiative provides essential protection, essential ingredients and essential color to improve people’s everyday lives in urban communities across the world. AkzoNobel’s annual Masterclass is your chance to discover a company that likes to give you real responsibility. It takes place over two intensive and exciting days of introductions and interdisciplinary teamwork. You’ll see our organization from different angles and have plenty of opportunities to meet senior management and young employees. When: May 8 & 9, 2017 For: Master’s students approaching graduation Deadline for registration: April 2, 2017 Where your ideas go far
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30
Interview Prodrive
There are hundreds of companies where you can end up after studying Mechanical Engineering. However, it is no easy task to find an employer that really suits you. Hereby an interview with Richard Treuren of Prodrive Technologies. Aakash Amul & Daan van Boekel Richard Treuren grew up in Haarsteeg, near Drunen, which is a small village near Den Bosch. In 2009, he started his Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology. He used to travel by train and bus from his parent’s place to Eindhoven every day. He made a lot of friends in Eindhoven and also was a part of the ice skating association ISIS. Where he was also the chairman from 2011-2012, so he decided to move to Eindhoven. This made his travel time shorter and enabled him to spend more time with his friends. His interest for ice skating is also one of the main reasons that made him decide to shift to Eindhoven, at least that is what he told his parents. He lived in Demer which is very close to the 18 Septemberplein. He describes his student room as one of the things he can’t forget in his lifetime. In 2013 he finished his Bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering and his Bachelor thesis was with the University Racing Eindhoven (URE) Team. He describes his project as an innovative and a complicated project. He and his team developed carbon composite rims for the race care developed by URE. As a known fact carbon composites are very lightweight, but actually manufacturing the composites takes more time and money. The drawback of the rims that he developed was the manufacturing took a lot of time. By the end of his Bachelor thesis he finished 4 rims but for the racing competition at least 8 to 12 rims are needed. He graduated with nice grades and wanted to have more exposure for his next part in his career. To expand his knowledge and improve his skills he decided to do his Master’s in the same university as his Bachelor’s. He started his Master’s in Automotive Engineering Science under the Control
System Technology group from Prof. dr. ir. Maarten Steinbuch. He liked the program and the structure very much. His idea was to have a broad knowledge on all the subjects. He considered doing a broad variety of courses would allow him to explore many things in different fields. During his studies he also worked part time at Prodrive with a student job.
Working with international Students He has worked with Dutch and International students during his Master’s program, he has done a course partnering with an Indian student. He found it very interesting to work with this international study partner. He feels that the Indian student was very hard working but needed to compete with him, as the Indian’s knowledge in Matlab and Simulink was less. He thinks working with internationals will give a good exposure and will be a mutual benefit. In the Netherlands there are a lot of vacancies, so it is good to have more technical people. If they are from abroad it can be a good advantage as well.
Internship at Sioux-CCM He did his internship as a part of his Master’s program, automotive technology was at CCM, now called, Sioux CCM. Sioux CCM is a high tech company that makes mechatronics and control system related products. Richard used to travel to CCM Nuenen, where he worked on an interesting assignment given by the company related to the FEM Modelling for the substrate carrier developed by CCM. His topic was to create a parametric FEM model for the substrate carrier developed by CCM. He had many tasks like sizing of the device and components by making in-depth transfer functions and many more.
31
Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
After his Internship, the major part of his Master’s program was his graduation thesis. He had selected a research topic from Prodrive Technologies. This was in the Constructions & Mechanisms group in the department of Mechanical Engineering. The title of his project was: Automated magnet array assembly for linear electric motors. He was hired by Prodrive Technologies after completing his graduation project.
Working at Prodrive Technologies Prodrive Technologies is a company that is located near IKEA Eindhoven. It makes a diverse range of products and gives opportunity for its employees to explore various projects and roles. Richard started as an engineer in a pure technical field and also was a project manager for a short period of time. Prodrive gave him the chance to see whether a role of manager would suit him. During his position as a project manager he managed a project for implementing feature based machining at Prodrive. As a project manager you are less involved with the technical challenges and he liked to solve those as a mechanical engineer. After completing that project he moved back to the pure technical field. He tells that Prodrive is a company where every employee is responsible for his own part, so basically everyone is a bit of a manager. When he started working at Prodrive he directly got a lot responsibility, so no need to prove yourself first. He thinks that this is what makes all the people at Prodrive very motivated. He started designing his Master’s project into reality based on the recommendations from his Master Thesis. However, the scope of the project changed that much that a complete different solution was needed. Along with his team he was able to design and build a robot solution for the assembly of magnet arrays. The system is still at Prodrive in a secured area, because no magnetic parts are allowed near. The system can assemble the permanent magnet plates for the linear motor drive. He is very proud to see his design and idea become reality, he also tells at Prodrive the freedom level is so vast that you are able to explore many things as well as see your visual imagination coming true. Richard’s view on Prodrive is that there is a lot of opportunity to grow fast, but it is purely based on an individual’s interest,
motivation and quality of work. No one compels you to be in a specific project and also there is no restriction for your views and ideas. He also thinks the recognition level at Prodrive is very high, so he is very much satisfied with Prodrive and has not planned for another company to continue his career. He interacts with the HR Manager on regular basis, so that he can discuss on various projects. At Prodrive they try to find a suited project for every engineer based on his personal interests and qualities. Prodrive has an inbuilt software that stores the skills, experiences and interests of every employee. So when the company needs the particular skill it can select the right person according to the needs. This was the reason that Richard was also doing project management sometime as he had expressed his interest in project management.
Richard thinks that only 10% of what he learned during his entire study is used in his work. He feels like he mostly learned the academic way or thinking and working. He tells that is an individual interest to develop themselves other than academics. He think that it is good to have different backgrounds, which gives different insights in problems. Brings you to a different solution together. He does not prefer a desk job, he wants to bring his dreams to real life. We (authors) exaggerate a little, but what he means with this, at Prodrive he has the freedom to design and work hands on with different departments until it fits in the main product. This gives him a sense of satisfaction that his work is coming to life. At Prodrive you get the opportunity to be involved with a project from the first conceptual design until the series production so you always see the result of your work. Finally. He suggests students to keep looking for opportunities and Prodrive is a place where you can grow as a complete technical person. “If you have the right attitude and motivation, the so called Professional Drive, then Prodrive is a great company to work for!”
32
Skillslab
Shape your own future
Did you know that 80% of a successful job application depends on how you come across and how you present yourself to the recruiter? Especially for a more technical study like Mechanical Engineering, having well developed soft skills can really distinguish you from other job applicants with a similar background such that you can reach the top. But how can I develop myself? Where do I start? Bernd van Tol You are probably familiar with the TU/e Wervingsdagen. They organize all kinds of workshops for a whole week aimed at, for example, job interviews, personal development and presenting yourself. Less known among the students of Eindhoven is Skillslab. At first sight, Skillslab looks a lot like the Wervingsdagen; free workshops are being organized aimed at the development of your professional skills like presenting, teamwork and academic writing, all year long. You can also choose to learn and practice at your own pace via the Skillslab website or ask a helpful fellow student to review a piece of text that you wrote. Before you get too enthusiastic, for the time being is Skillslab only aiming for master students and PhD’s. The reason for this is that each student at the beginning of their master’s has to fill in
an online assessment in which he or she can see which of their soft skills is developed well and where room is for improvement, you can see it as a personal development plan. The idea is that with the results of the assessment you can target specific skills to develop like nervousness during presentations or the readability of your master thesis. If you really have no clue what to do with your fancy skill assessment, there is always your mentor who will happily give you some advice about what you want to develop. I promised myself to not make this a promotion story but if you want to know more about upcoming workshops and activities via skillslab.tue.nl/events-overview.php. I have to warn you though, you may register for workshops as a bachelor student, however if it is fully booked master students will get priority.
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34
Video referee
Big brother in sports
Everyone makes mistakes, it is unavoidable. If you lose a match due to a mistake made by a referee that is a sore loss. This is the reason that the video referee is being introduced in more and more sports. Robbert Louwers The video referee is gaining popularity and now that it is even being used in one of the most conservative sports, football, it will not be long before every sport will use it. But where did the video referee originate from?
and from this it can be determined if the ball is in or out. Players can use challenges for an official review when they think the referee made the wrong call, or television broadcasts can use the footage to replay shots for the viewers at home.
Origin The video referee system originates from instant replay. Instant replay is a video reproduction of something that just happened, which was broadcasted live and was shot. By doing this, a fragment can be replayed immediately after it happened during a live broadcast. By using this in sports, players can challenge a judgement made by the on-field referee. A special video referee can then use the instant replay images to look at the call again and give a final decision. One of the first uses of the video referee was in rugby, where it was introduced in the European League in 1996 and after seeing its success other sports, such as field hockey and baseball, adopted it.
How does it work The working of the video referee system is quite simple in most sports. Cameras are placed throughout the stadium, so they can film the game from varying angles. When a team chooses to challenge a call, the video referee can review the desired images and make a final judgement on the call from the on-field referee. Because the system is expensive, it is only used at a professional level. Every sport has their own set of rules to decide what calls can be challenged, and how many calls can be challenged per game. However, in some sports this “simple” method is not enough and so a more advanced was developed. This more advanced system is used in tennis and a variation on it was recently adopted in football.
Tennis In tennis the so-called Hawk Eye System is used. This system uses the input of several video cameras to calculate the trajectory of the ball. A computer rendering of the path can then be played
Football Football is one of the sports where the use of the video referee was blocked by the FIFA. According to former FIFA President Sepp Blatter, “refereeing mistakes add to the fascination and popularity of football.” Because there was a lot of controversy over the use of the video referee, the FIFA authorized tests with two systems in 2007, of which one was a modified version of the Hawk Eye System. This modified version was the goal-line technology, which could decide whether or not a ball had crossed the goal line. These tests soon came to a stop, because the FIFA feared that its success would lead to possible expansion to other parts of the game. However, there was a lot of controversy about the goalline technology again after some disallowed goals in the 2009 Confederations Cup and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Because of this controversy, the use of the goal-line technology was allowed in 2012 and in April 2016 a test with the video referee being usable on other parts of the game started in the Serie A in Italy, and most likely a live pilot will start in the 2017-18 season.
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Social Media
de gevaarlijke bubbel van valse enigheid
Het politieke landschap in 2017. Nationalisme zit in een opwaartse trend waar je U tegen zegt, de leider van de vrije wereld pakt een zwaar gepolariseerd land op bestaande uit trouwe achterban en totale oppositie. Het centrum vermagert en er is een wereldwijde loopgravenoorlog waar we een verdieping van kuilen met consequent verlies van zicht zien. Noël Coenraad How did we get here? Vroeg ik laatst aan een kennis van mij die aan een Britse topuniversiteit politiek en filosofie leest. “The left has accepted the rhetoric of the right”, kreeg ik als ambigu antwoord. Ok, de persoonlijke vooroordelen opzij gezet is er een punt te zien die ik, als ik mijzelf in de schoenen van een jongere zelf zet, zie. Ik at als kind vaak de woorden van de orgels die mijn ouders representeerde om te zoeken wat ik moest denken. Ik dacht altijd maar: “Waarom ziet de andere kant niet hoe simpel het is?” Terug naar het punt wat mijn kennis maakte: “Wat we nu zien is dat mijn kant net zo kinderachtig is geworden als de andere kant”. En we zijn er. Dit fenomeen noemen we cognitieve dissonantie. Dat rotgevoel wat je krijgt als er feiten binnenkomen die diep tegenstrijdig zijn met jouw convicties. Reageren kan natuurlijk op meerdere manieren. Accepteren dat je ongelijk hebt, wat leidt tot een langer rotgevoel (spoiler, hier ben ik in geïnteresseerd) of een manier vinden om deze feiten te ondermijnen. Dit laatste zien we vaak als het “ongeloofwaardig” labelen van de andere kant, een actie waarmee we ons eigen hoofd sussen. Maar waarom geven we niet vaker toe dat we ongelijk hebben? Dit zou toch tot een meer rationele samenleving leiden? Eentje waar communicatie vrij vloeit, steunend op minder trial-and-
error en meer collaboratief denken en komen tot een oplossing waar sommigen inleveren om het grotere goed te kunnen bereiken. Als ik een gok moet doen leg ik mijn vinger op communicatie. De hele crux van het bereiken van deze voorgestelde realiteit is het communiceren met die aan de andere kant. Dat is minder prevalent dan zou moeten zijn, een natuurlijk resultaat van een inhomogene samenleving. Ik spreek natuurlijk vaker met mensen in dezelfde kring; studie, werkplaats, et cetera – een bubbel. Mensen die allemaal een parallelle perceptie ervaren, soortgelijke problemen moeten oplossen en dus vaker dezelfde mening zullen hebben. Ik probeer hier door laten schijnen dat het ook fijner is om met deze mensen te praten. Het leven zou toch geen continu debat moeten zijn? Helaas omvat deze bubbel meer dan mijn campus of kantoor. Met de evolutie van social media van een bulletin board naar een pseudo-AI met associative rule mining algorithms. Wat? Algoritmes die ons allemaal voorschotelen wat wij leuk vinden, gebaseerd op vorige interacties met de blauwe eye-of-Providence. Ontzettend voordelig voor het uitfilteren van iedereen behalve die man of vrouw die jij wel mag, misschien een interessante advertentie hier en daar. Maar onze timeline bestaat niet alleen
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Simon Ster 48.3 | February 2017
meer uit foto’s. Ik kan menig krant aanwijzen die een groot aantal lezers haalt van social media.
voor zorgen. We moeten geen safe spaces willen waar tegenstrijdige meningen als een persoonlijke aanval gezien worden.
Als we even aannemen dat kranten onafhankelijk journalistiek bedrijven en dat ons favoriete social medium geen politieke voorkeur heeft zien we hier nu toch een platform dat ons nieuws opdient gebaseerd op wat wij leuk vinden. Een raam naar de buitenwereld die ons vooral nieuws voorschotelt…waar wij het mee eens zijn?
Een mooie exercitie is het verwijderen van jezelf uit je mening. Stap opzij van jouw aandeel in het onderwerp en speel advocaat van de duivel. Gewoon, voor de lol. Wij zijn hier allemaal exact maar helaas en gelukkig wordt de koers van de geschiedenis niet bepaalt door exacte factoren. Als we als welgevormde wezens onze eigen verleidingen kennen en toelaten met een gebalanceerde dosis provocatie kunnen wij de fakkel van dialoog doorgeven en draaien we de polarisatie een beetje terug, of tenminste genoeg voor productieve beleidsvorming. Als we dit even volhouden zie ik mijn kennis binnenkort op mijn newsfeed eens wat delen dat niet van AJ+, BuzzFeed of NowThis komt.
Back to the bubble. Mijn bewijslast hier bestond uit het bestaan van de bubbel én de schade die de bubbel toebrengt. Dus waarom is de bubbel slecht? Kunnen we niet simpelweg een bubbel maken die iedereen omvat, resulterende in complete enigheid zonder schade? Ik kan mij er makkelijk vanaf maken door een homogeen land voor te stellen waar iedereen dezelfde interesses heeft. Zeker zal dan een complete enigheid van meningen kunnen bestaan? Wellicht; het is triviaal te zeggen dat partijen meer steun vinden in regio’s die accorderen met hun standpunten – kijk naar religieus conservatieve standpunten die stemmen vangen uit de bible belt, landbouwsubsidies worden gesteund vanuit het platteland – een lang geobserveerd fenomeen dat de fly-over states voornamelijk red states zijn in de VS is een duidelijk voorbeeld. Dus als wij een land voorstellen wat volledig uit landbouw bestaat zullen wij dit observeren. Enfin, verstedelijking en social media zijn nou wel beschuldigt. De vraag blijft of een homogeen land wel zou varen in een dogma van handen schudden en het eens zijn. Ik denk dat dat lastige discussiëren toch waardevoller is dan we zouden willen, hoeveel mentaal ongemak het soms ook kan creëren. Juist de rand van je bubbel opzoeken en kijken wat er buiten ligt, praten met iemand die een diametraal tegenovergestelde mening heeft. Misschien kom je er achter dat het paradijs van groupthink, mager in zelfreflectie, wel deels een illusie is. Is het dan niet een verantwoordelijkheid die je hebt als student, ingenieur, functioneel lid van de maatschappij om dat op te zoeken wat ervoor zorgt dat je eigen convicties in twijfel trekt? De drempel is dat dit initieel vaak leidt tot een verzwakking van je boodschap bij discussie. Een argument komt veel beter door als je een unilaterale, zwart-wit mening hebt. Populisme is een duidelijk voorbeeld. De zwarte-wit mening is moeilijker op te houden als je beide kanten van het verhaal begrijpt. Maar het is niet ons doel (hopelijk) om een argument te winnen, het is ons doel om problemen op te lossen. Dit gaat niet met een enkele mening maar met de intersectie van vele. Natuurlijk heeft de kritische lezer inmiddels gemerkt dat veel van het bovenstaande rust op de aanname dat social media en vrienden de enige nieuwsbronnen zijn die wij tot ons nemen. Maar we vormen niet exclusief meningen uit wat onze niche ons voedt. Laten we dit zo houden. Blijf kritisch denken, trek wat je leest in kwestie en lees vooral dat wat je boos maakt. Dit is niet disjunct van je studie, zelfs niet in de uiterst exacte wetenschappen. Scholing moet altijd provocatie bevatten en hier moet je anders zelf
Wil jij na het lezen van dit artikel meer je hoofd kraken over hoe de hedendaagse infrastructuur van de wereld ons allemaal beïnvloed? Snak je soms naar stimulerende conversatie die niet over je vakken gaat? Chronos is de open debatvereniging van de TU/e. Wij debatteren op elk niveau en geven je de mogelijkheid om al snel deel te nemen aan internationale toernooien en conferenties, zowel formeel debatteren als beleidsvorming voor model verenigde naties. Daarnaast hebben wij borrels en veel gedeelde activiteiten met andere verenigingen, zonder enige verplichting. Kom maandagavond van 6 tot 9 langs in Auditorium 9 en 10 een keer kijken of het je interesseert. Tot snel!
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Sterrenhoekjes Geniet mee van deze volkomen uit hun verband gerukte uitspraken, verpraatsels en vertypsels. Mocht je er nog meer horen: aarzel niet en stuur de uitspraak en context op naar sterrenhoek@simonstevin.tue.nl! Sjors: ‘Normaal gesproken is zo’n strandzeilweekend wel een goede bron voor Sterrenhoekjes maar nu niet.’ Sebas: ‘Dat komt omdat er nu wel slimme mensen mee waren!’ Tim over de Symposiumgadgets: ‘Wat zijn dat voor dingen? Er zit wel een knop op maar er gebeurt niks!’ Niki leest de Wervingsdagenflyer: ‘I am looking for a date to accompany me... Ja dat ga ik toch niet doen?!’ Sebas: ‘Heeft er iemand de laatste tijd nog wat doms gezegd?’ Niki: ‘Dan moet je je ALV-notulen even doorkijken!’ Liselotte: ‘Ik wil geen rozen, rozen zijn stom.’ Niki: ‘Jij bent ook een Werktuigbouwer hè, liever een lager dan een roos!’
Voorzitter: ‘Ik kan echt goed mijn mond dicht houden!’ Melissa van Prot: ‘Wie gaat er mee een posterrondje doen?’ Daniël: ‘Ik, ik ik!!!’ Sjors: ‘Jij kunt niet eens bij de posters...’ Pascal Appel tegen Niki: ‘Ik weet niet wat jij bent, maar je bent een hoopje kansloos!’ Daan: ‘Bart, wat vind je ervan als Uri Rosenthal naar het Symposium komt?’ Bart: ‘Nee man, dat is toch die gek met die lepels?’ ... Stilte... Bart: ‘Ooooh nee dat is Uri Geller!’ Ardin: ‘Victor ga eerst zelf eens een vrouw zoeken!’ Victor: ‘Ik heb al een vrouw!’
De moeder van Luuk: ‘Ben jij een Limbo Sebas?’ Robbert: ‘Sjors je moet nog heel de avond met je knie hè!’ Melanie: ‘Wat heb je aan je knie dan?’
Mark: ‘Ik was de foto’s van het strandzeilweekend aan het kijken maar er stonden alleen maar zeilwagens op, toen ben ik gestopt.’
Contest This Simon Ster we’ve got a new contest. The prize we’re giving away is a Japenese 5 piece kitchen knife set! Would you like to feel like a professional chef? Submit your answer in the Simonkamer (Gem-N 1.61) or send an e-mail to redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl with your name. The prize will be raffled from the correct submissions and we’ll publish the winners in the next Simon Ster.
Contest 48.3 Treasurer Lelivelt is put to a numerical test by Commissioner of External Affairs Van Boekel to make sure all his effort to contract the sponsors is translated into the right invoices. The test is as follows: If the following statements hold: 1212 * 6060 yields 3 1260 * 6012 yields 1 602 yields 3 12 * 1957 yields 4 19572 yields 7 122 yields 2 What is the solution to the following statement: 6012 * 1957 yields ?
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Answer 48.2 In the last Simon Ster we’ve had the following contest: Secretary Van der Aa has a very large stash of stamps. They are worth either 5 cents or 17 cents. What’s the largest value Secretary Van der Aa can’t make with a combination of these stamps?
Solution Secretary Van der Aa really appreciates your help and is very happy that she finally knows which combinations can’t be made. The solution to the problem is 63. Below you can find the explanation. 1. Combinations of 5 cents gives totals ending with 0 or 5. 2. Combinations with one time 17 cents and x times 5 cents gives totals ending with 2 or 7, starting with 17 cents. 3. Combinations with two times 17 cents and x times 5 cents gives totals ending with 4 or 9, starting with 34 cents. 4. Combinations with three times 17 cents and x times 5 cents gives totals ending with 1 or 6, starting with 51 cents. 5. Combinations with four times 17 cents and x times 5 cents gives totals ending with 3 or 9, starting with 68 cents. All this combined gives us all the possible ending numbers. Step 1 to 4 gives us all the numbers not ending with three or eight so the answer has to be the highest number ending with three or eight below 68 cents. So the answer is 63 cents! There were a lot of submissions, after raffling the winner of the 10 inch Lenovo tablet is Liu Yiran! He can pick up the prize at de Simonkamer.
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