Issuu

July 2019

“Pseudoscience”

CAREER: MY FUTURE

TECH NASA MISSION

BFP: FOOD TEXTURE

FOREWORD Dear reader, The summer holiday is coming, so this is the perfect time to take the new openME with you. This edition has a great varity of articles, such as a Bachelor Final Project about food texture, course evaluations and career orientation. So sit back, relax and open up an openME to expand your knowledge! To all the new students: may I congratulate you with one of the best choices you have made I your life so far, the choice to study Mechanical Engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology! At the moment you are reading openME: the magazine of study association Simon Stevin. Unfortunately, this is already the last edition of this memorable anniversary year of the magazine. I am really proud of the changes we as editorial committee made. In the beginning of next academic year I will hand over my editorship to Sandor Habets. I wish him all the best for next year. It has been a great pleasure! Kind regard,

COLOFON

Maartje Borst Editor-in-Chief

July 2019, volume 50, issue 2 The â€˜openMEâ€™ is a publication by the study association for Mechanical Engineering Simon Stevin of the Technical University of Eindhoven. Editor-in-Chief Maartje Borst

Editorial Committee Sjors van Adrichem, Noud Boonen, Maartje Borst, Tjalle Dijkstra, Sandor Habets, Freek Jansen, Robbert Louwers, Rik Lubbers, Roelof Mestriner, Stijn Middelhuis, Fercan Molenaar, Sjoerd Narinx, Joel Peeters, Karsten Slakhorst, Noah Tabor, Lex Verberne, Mike van der Vleuten.

Design Maartje Borst, Rik Lubbers, Roelof Mestriner, Joel Peeters, Lex Verberne

Illustrations and Pictures Editorial Committee, PaparaCie, Bart van Overbeeke

Layout Maartje Borst, Rik Lubbers, Roelof Mestriner, Joel Peeters, Lex Verberne

Printing office Drukkerij Snep

Circulation 900 pieces Contact Eindhoven University of Technology Gemini-Noord 1.61 Den Dolech 2 5612AZ Eindhoven Post office box 513 E-mail: redactie@simonstevin.tue.nl homepage: simonstev.in

FEATURED

20 FEATURED 19

MY FUTURE

Over the course of the last years you may have seen people from various instances on the TU/e walking around in pink sweaters. But, what actually is the My Future Collective and why is it important

5G NETWORK

What are the issues of 5G and how can they be minimized so that we can still enjoy this new technology?

HYPERLOOP PART 2

Started off as an idea by Elon Musk, owner of both Tesla and SpaceX, the technology has evolved since then. But have we simply been neglecting the alternatives, or the doubts about the high speed electric train?

22 TECH

ASSOCIATION

Smile of Science

Simon Stevin

Hyperloop part 1

24 Colombia

15 Stratolaunch

36 Evolutietheorie

5G network

Puzzle Calcudoku

NASA mission

Espresso brownie

46 Air/e

Puzzle Binary

Reach for the stars

Puzzle Nanogram

Grinding my gears

Les pros du tour

Swapfiets

91 Puzzles

Hyperloop part 2

94 Sterrenhoekje

3D printing elektronics

95 Contest

E 76

CAREER

EDUCATION

Jaap den Toonder

27 Nouryon

Stage ChloÃ© Meeng

Lonneke Boons

Elia Beks

Rob van der Heijden

Mechanical MetaMaterials

Education awards

Hans Kuerten

Quality ME

Stage Robbert Louwers

Rick de Lange

Food Texture

Stage Sjors van Adrichem

My Future

Career Academy

50 VDL-ETG 71 NTS 84

Career on impuls day

86 Symposium

SPONSORS

THIS EDITION OF THE OPENME IS POWERED BY:

TU/e Mechanical Engineering Nouryon NTS

VDL-ETG

Tech

Smile of science

The perfect shoe What is the most basic form of travel? If you thought walking, or in this case jogging/running, you would be correct. A lot of students like to jog, to get their exercise in and every year the â€œbatavieren raceâ€? is a successful event where students from all over the country come to together and run at least for a little bit. All of these people, as well as all other people who use sport shoes, will know that having the wrong shoes can mess up your performance and take the fun out of the sport. Finding the right shoe has been a challenge for a lot of people but now Intersport is changing that using a new technology. The company Safe Scan has already made a device that makes a 3D model of your foot which is currently only being used in the medical field. Intersport will now be placing one of these machines in each one of their stores so that everyone can have a 3D model made of their foot that can recommend the perfect shoe for you based on the length and width of your shoe in only 2 seconds! Using this technology everyone can enjoy whatever sport they want, knowing that they have the perfect shoe.

Symbiotic robots Quite a while companies have been trying to take humans out of the equation when it comes to deliveries. Most notable in this respect are the drones Amazon has been using for some time now. Ford, in cooperation with Agility Robotics, had a more creative solution in mind however by opting to design bipedal robots that deliver packages straight to your door. This is not very efficient however since it is difficult to make such a robot with enough battery life and speed to actually deliver anything in time. This is where the self-driving car comes in to play. Where the robot lacks speed, the car can easily drive to its destination. Where the car lacks maneuverability, the bipedal robot can walk straight up to your door. Where the robot lacks battery life, the car can hold charging stations, eliminating the need for large batteries on the robot. In a nutshell these two new technologies perfectly complement each otherâ€™s shortcomings, and can even share some hardware like cameras they both need to check their surroundings. All delivery men can rest easy for just a little longer however since the first working prototype has only just been made and the first tests are scheduled for 2020.

Tech Written by Tjalle Dijkstra

Holidays to space Everyone has wondered what it would be like to go to space but so far only a privileged few could experience this after years of training. This is all about to change now that the first commercial flight to space has successfully taken off and landed. The company behind this voyage is virgin galactic with their space-plane, the USS Unity. The ship had already made a few test runs with only the pilots on board but now the first passenger went along for the ride. She absolutely loved the flight, even though it only took 90 minutes of which only a few were spent in microgravity. Such flight will set you back $250.000 dollars but that has not stopped around 600 people to already book a ticket. Even though a flight is currently not within the average household’s budget, this is the first step to making commercial space travel accessible to everyone.

Walking cars Everyone who followed the course engineering design will remember making a vehicle that can rescue people from harsh environments. Most of you will have probably made some shoddy design that could hopefully connect to your computer to actually save some “people”. Hyundai took this assignment a step further and made a car that can walk. They call it the “Elevate Walking Car”. The car has four legs with wheels on the end of each one that is powered by an electromotor. The legs can fold alongside the car to engage driving mode. In this mode all the joints in the legs are locked and the car can get enough speed to drive on the highway like any other car. On a less smooth surface however the car can simply extend its legs and start walking, being able to step over walls or gaps of up to a meter and a half. The many joints, all once again powered by electromotors, allow the car to walk in any direction. With this level of mobility this car can easily get deep into disaster areas where beforehand rescuers would have to traverse on foot. Another use of this technology could be getting disabled people to places that are not wheelchair accessible. Once this car hits the market rescue workers will have a much easier job and everyone else can feel like they are piloting an ATAT straight from the Star Wars movies.

Education

Interview Jaap den van Toonder Mirna den

Boomen

What and where did you study? “I studied Applied Mathematics at the Technical University of Delft where I did my Master in a fluid mechanics topic.”

Can you tell something about your career after your Master’s studies? “After my master in Applied Mathematics I started my PhD at the faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Delft in the group of Fluid Mechanics. When this was finished, I started at the research laboratory of Philips, where I worked around 17 years. However, the research lab become smaller and smaller, and the research less basic, and that is why I decided to start working part time at the Technical University of Eindhoven in 2004. I really appreciated my new job and in 2013 I decided to stop working at Philips and work full time at the

University – although I am still scientific advisor to Philips.”

Which project do you like the most? “Well, I have done a lot of nice projects. During my time at Philips I helped developing different technical objects like the Blue Ray player or different medical devices which are still used, but of course in a more developed way. I really liked the fact that all the hard work became a real life product, which a lot of people could use: I think it is really cool to develop your own products.”

Do you have a project at the university which you are really proud of? “Yes, of course. I am specifically proud of one thing within my specialization.

I created a new method to pump small amounts of liquid and for developing this method, nature was my inspiration. The paramecium (pantoffeldiertje in Dutch) does something like the method I developed. We can learn a lot from nature.”

What do you do besides being a teacher? “I am a teacher for about 30%, which includes teaching courses and guiding master students. The rest of my time I am busy with research as well as managing the research group. At the moment I am working on about 10 different projects. Of course, I am not working on these projects all by myself. The projects start with an idea and then PhD or Master students will begin to really work things out. I help to guide and collect the money which is needed for the project. In the end of March I won an European Research Council grant (ERC-grant) for the project which I mentioned before.”

What is the funniest moment during you student time? “The most memorable time as a student was while I was a Board member of the study association Christiaan Huygens at TUD. I was responsible for the external affairs of the association, like keeping in contact with companies. By doing so, I arranged several site visits at different companies which students really enjoyed. “

fluctuates how much I play. Besides that, I really like to cook, and to swim to keep fit.”

Who is your favorite colleague? “Ooh that is a difficult question, because I like all my colleagues. But if I have to mention one than I choose Willie ter Elst. He is a really nice colleague with a lot of experience on which you can build. And still, he is always open for new things. Unfortunately for us, Willie will retire soon”

Do you have some good advice for students? “Oh yes.. Study is not the only thing. It is important to develop broader than just a study, like developing new skills or seeing new cultures. The things you have learned at the university are important, but other things are at least just as important!”

I heard you are ambassador of Innovation Space, what do exactly do you do?

Do you have hobbies?

“Yeah that is true. For Innovation Space I try to search for projects within the industry for students at Innovation Space. These projects are multidisciplinary and really practical; so-called hands-on projects. This is a really expensive form of education, but all the students I know are really enthusiastic about it. Hopefully in the future all students will participate in these kind of projects, because I think you can learn a lot from them.“

“I play piano, mostly classical music, which is my most important hobby. It

Written by Maartje Borst

Tech

NEXT GENERATION TRANSPORTATION Written by Freek Janssen

Started off as an idea by SpaceX and Tesla founder Elon Musk, the futuristic concept of the hyperloop was introduced. What exactly is hyperloop and why and how will it change our (very near) future? Started off as an idea by SpaceX and Tesla founder Elon Musk, the futuristic concept of the hyperloop was introduced. With a theoretical traveling speed of over five times as fast as the conventional train, it could have a drastic impact on the daily lives of many. Increasing the range one can travel within the timespan they are used to, will provide people with opportunities that are currently hard to imagine. Mainly in the business sector such a reduction in traveling time will serve companies with possibilities that were too expensive

before, or simply too inefficient and time-costly. But ideally this hyperloop would replace current transportation in its entirety, as it is not only faster, but at the same time energyefficient when compared to travel by plane and especially travel by ship. Not only that, but as the energy used is mainly composed of electric energy, it could by completely obtained by sustainable, green energy power plants. So what exactly is hyperloop and why and how will it change our (very near) future?

Tech

Principles

Open source

The concept of hyperloop rests on a couple major principles. Current, conventional means of transportation come with undesired, yet unavoidable losses of energy in the form of friction. Since aerial friction scales exponential with velocity, one can imagine that speed is limited. So to continue making progress on reducing travel time, an ongoing challenge that will probably never be satisfied, fundamental changes had to made. One proposition is the hyperloop, a formerly only theoretical idea that would dispose of, or at least minimize friction, both from the medium as the contact surface. The latter is achieved by having the traveling pod â€˜floatâ€™, while the aerial friction is eliminated by containing the pod inside a vacuum tube, removing the medium air from the equation. Using pneumatic pumps air would continuously be pumped out of the tube. Initially the pods would float by creating a cushion of air underneath, but going from there a simpler and more reliable solution would be to make use of electromagnets to both lift up and speed up the travel pods. Once the hyperloop is in production, one could travel from Amsterdam to Paris in half an hour, which could easily be four hours by current means of transport. It surely is starting to look like the next step in globalization, eradicating current bottlenecks caused by time-costly travel methods.

A key feature of why the hyperloop concept could turn out to be a huge success is the fact that it is entirely open source. Instead of claiming the rights on the development of the hyperloop, Elon Musk has decided to bring the idea into the world with the intension to stimulate people from all over the world to further develop the concept. This of course was an attractive opportunity for student teams from universities located all over the globe. Annually, student teams compete in the hyperloop contest, organized in Los Angeles. As a result the most promising concepts have been reported coming from these competitions, rather than from the big companies in the market. These existing companies however, ensure that a fully functional hyperloop could already be realized already somewhere in 2021. Whether that goal will be achieved is still up for debate, since society tends to be exceptionally cautious when it comes to the real-life implementation of new technology, often justified. Current tests have proven however that the hyperloop no longer should be seen as some kind of futuristic fairy tale that will only be possible within your dreams.

Since the aerial friction is non-existent within the tube, there is no need for a constant supply of energy. Only the acceleration of the pot to the desired speed would consume power, after which it only needs to be slowed down again eventually. Of course the tube has to be maintained at vacuum all the time, but with proper construction the required power consumption for doing so is far from being a deal breaker. Initial costs will be high, as a kilometers long tube will of course not appear out of nowhere, but in the long term these expenses can be won back. The heat and light that would coincide with the tube could ideally be caught, and immediately be utilized for powering the pods or maintaining the vacuum environment.

Conclusion As is always the case with technology such as the hyperloop, progression does come with its skepticism. There are many things about the hyperloop that would really change the current way of living. The environmental impact is proven to be positive, especially if it would eventually replace the current heavily emitting means of transport. But there are some doubts about the entire concept that are more than justified to be addressed. What about the safety of a pod that goes up to 1000 km/h through a tube? And while America is calling the most for a technological leap in current transportation, what about the car-loving culture that is embedded within American society like nowhere else. Financially, an electrical train could have devastating consequences for the oil and gasoline industries. The open source nature of the hyperloop is promising when it comes to finding a solution for every one of these challenges, but only time will tell when this new electrical train is really ready for outside world.

Welcome to... W.S.V. SIMON STEVIN! A warm welcome to every new Mechanical Engineering student out there. A new life is about to start. Studying is way different than following your classes in high school. It gives you much more freedom; freedom to fill in just the way you want. Being a student gives you the possibility to develop yourself for the rest of your life, meet new people who will stay your friends forever and simply have the best time of your life. Let me tell you how your study association, W.S.V. Simon Stevin, can fit in this picture. Written by Johan Somers Graduating high school marks the end of a time in which your teacher checks your homework and tells you what to do when. A time in which your parents buy and cook delicious dinners for you and a time in which you have to make sure you silently go to bed after a night out. The moment you enrolled yourself for a study in Eindhoven, you actually enrolled for a whole new way of living. You will get to know the swing of studying late hours in Metaforum to meet deadlines and dragging yourself to lectures after one of the many parties. You will have to wash your own clothes and clean your own toilet. You will occasionally ‘borrow’ instant noodles from your roommates when you forgot to do some shopping. And you will try to survive on crappy bicycles. But, it is all worth it, since it gives you the freedom to do whatever you want to do, a huge new group of friends and the possibility to develop yourself for the rest of your life.

Simon Stevin Our Association is called Werktuigkundige Studievereniging Simon Stevin (W.S.V. Simon Stevin). But where does the name come from? Simon Stevin is the man who is seen as the first Mechanical Engineer ever. He combined mathematics and physics in a way that we now call Mechanical Engineering. Simon Stevin thought that everyone had to understand his science. Therefore he translated many Latin words to Dutch and invented, for example, the words ‘wiskunde’ and ‘natuurkunde’. Simon Stevin is furthermore known for his introduction of decimal calculations, his thought that a perpetuum mobile does not exist and the proof that force is a vector. The fact that force is a vector was proved by the ‘Cloothcrans’-proof, which is also the logo of the Association.

Association

As I said W.S.V. Simon Stevin (or just ‘Simon’ in short) fits perfectly in this new way of living. The association can make your time in Eindhoven not only very amusing but also easier. To start with one word that which separates our study association from the student associations based in the city centre: the study. The Association is the bridge between the Mechanical Engineering student and our department. Multiple student councils are held every quartile to offer students the possibility to give informal feedback. Teachers and other personnel get updated on this feedback to make sure the education is constantly improved. Besides that, we make sure books can be bought at a reduced price and everyone who wants to gather handy skills can follow numerous courses. Some examples of last year are welding, 3D-printing, persuasion, turning and milling, Photoshop, woodworking, marketing, and so on. Alright, so you have your room in Eindhoven, a big network of possible colleagues, you are washing your own clothes and following interesting courses. There is a big chance that numerous companies are waiting for you to work for them. Graduated Mechanical Engineers are undeniably one of the most wanted former students in the Netherlands. That is great of course, but gives you the problem of choosing your employer. You probably know the big ones like ASML, Philips and VDL, but there are a lot more companies to discover. That is why Simon Stevin

Activities The first weeks of your freshly started academic life can be quite hectic and confusing. But, do not forget to enjoy your liberated life and get to know your colleague students. Simon Stevin organizes all kind of events in which you can get to know your fellow students and Simon Stevin in an unconditional and friendly way. Take a look at the small list below to get you started: • • • • • •

Freshmen BBQ on the 9th of September After-intro drink on the 10th of October Committee info-lunches on the 19th and 24th of September Waterskiing on the 25th of September Introcamp on 4th and 5th of October Lunch lectures every Wednesday during the break

Subscription for these events is possible through our website (simonstev.in), the W-app or in the Simonkamer (Gemini-North 1.61). You can also become a member of Simon Stevin on this website if you are not already enrolled.

organizes various activities to give you the possibilities to explore your future. We organize a symposium every year, go on company visits (e.g. driving tanks at Defensie or visiting the biggest chemical plant of The Netherlands) and provide you with your Wednesday lunch during our weekly lunch lectures. As a freshman, it may seem as if it will take an eternity before you are defending your master thesis, but you will ask yourself where time has gone. So, where time has goneâ€Ś? One possibility is the multitude of leisure activities Simon Stevin has to offer you, all for comfortable student prices. Of course, studying will consume some of your time, but there will be plenty of time left to destress and participate in fun activities with your friends. The most famous leisure activity is the Thursday drink in our own pub De Weeghconst (Gemini-North 1.02). From 16:00 h onwards students descend to the basement of Gemini to meet with fellow students whilst enjoying a delicious drink. Take a look at our website to find the activities you want to join. On behalf of the whole Association and myself, I wish you a great time in Eindhoven and hope to see you around!

Land Yachts Something typical for our Association are the land yachts. A land yacht can be described as a sailing boat on wheels. Around 1600, Simon Stevin built the first land yacht for twenty persons for Prince Maurits van Oranje. The Association used this as an inspiration to create an own fleet of land yachts, which consists of eight land yachts at the moment. Around five times per year, a group of Mechanical Engineering students travels to the coast to go land yachting. Also for you, there is the opportunity to join!

Image by: Courtesy of Vulcan Aerospace

Tech

STRATOLAUNCH WRITTEN BY STIJN MIDDELHUIS

On April 13th, the biggest airplane ever built took off from the Mojave Space and Air Port in the American state of California. The flight was set up for test purposes and all went successful, making this a next milestone for the company Stratolaunch. The plane has to serve as a rocket launching pad up in the skies. Due to the thin air at a height of 10 kilometers, less powerful rockets are necessary for launches into space, making space flights significantly cheaper. The biggest airplane in the world, serving as a launching pad for rockets, this machine must have some impressive specs, so let us find out! The Stratolaunch has a twinfuselage configuration, which gives it a very impressive appearance. Both fuselages are 73 meters long and supported by 12 main landing gear wheels and two nose gear wheels, bringing it to a total of 28 wheels. Due to the double fuselages, the span width of the plane is 110 meters, which is 30 meters longer than the Airbus A380, the current biggest commercial airplane.

The pilot, co-pilot and flight engineer are positioned in the right cockpit, while the left cockpit is empty and unpressurized. All the flight data systems are positioned in the left fuselage. Many of the aircraft systems have been adopted from the Boeing 747-400, including the engines, avionics, flight deck, landing gear and other systems to reduce development costs.

The Stratolaunch has a massive takeoff weight of 590 tons, therefore it is powered by six Pratt & Whitney PW4056 turbofan engines. Each engine provides 252.4 kN of thrust and they are positioned on pylons outboard of each fuselage. With these six engines, a maximum payload of 250.000 kg can be brought to an altitude of over 10 kilometers, where it will be launched into orbit.

Education

HOW IS LIFE IN... Valencia, Spain WRITTEN BY CHLOÃ‰ MEENG

Education

For my internship I went to Valencia, Spain. I found a project at the Instituto de Ingeniería Energética (IIE), this is a part of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). For me it was a logical choice to go to Spain, since it is my favorite country. From the culture, to the people, the language, the weather and the beautiful places to visit, there was no reason for me, not to search for an internship project here. Fortunately, my professor already had some contacts in Spain and after reading the information about the institute and talking to some students who went to Valencia, I was convinced.

The institute and project The institute is a contributor of the GEOTeCH project, which is a project from the European Union. Within this project research is done for renewable heating and cooling, using geothermal systems. For this project an innovative type of heat pump is created, a dual source heat pump (DSHP). This heat pump does not only use the ground, but also the air as a source for heating and cooling. A model for a system using this DSHP was created in a simulation program. In this way, the system can easily be modified in this model and the effect on the performance of the system can be analyzed. The goal of my internship project was to optimize a system model that uses such a DSHP. This model is a model of a system that uses the DSHP that is located on a demo site in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. I integrated this system in the model and used different optimization strategies to find an optimal case. The results from this study can be used to improve the performance of the actual system at the demo site.

Besides working hard on all kind of projects, a lot of fun things were arranged by the institute. Sometimes it is a lunch or dinner party, other times we played some sports like beach volleyball or Colpbol, which is a Valencian sport. During these lunch and dinner parties I have learned a lot about the Spanish culture and food and it is a great opportunity to practice some Spanish.

Life in Valencia Since I visited Spain a lot of times and I never learned the language, this internship was a perfect opportunity to take the change to start learning. The other students, who also went to Valencia for their internship told me that it would be very useful, since there are a lot of people outside of the university, who do not speak English. So, I decided to go to a language school in the first weeks of my stay in Valencia. I found an intensive course of four hours a day and I enrolled to go there for two weeks. In

the first days of my arrival this proved to be a very good choice because I am living with four girls from Italy who did not speak English. However, they did speak Spanish. Besides learning the language, I also learned a lot about the Valencian culture. Since it is a big community it also has a rich culture. A big festival that has to be mentioned is ´Las Fallas´. This festival starts at the last Sunday of February and ends on the 19th of March with the burning of statues that are specially made for this festival. Every day at 14:00 there is a ´Mascletà´ on the Plaza del Ayuntamiento, which is an explosive barrage of coordinated firecrackers. From the 15th to the 19th the highlights of this festival take place, with parties and events all over the city. As you can imagine this was one of the craziest experiences I had in my stay in Valencia. This can be seen in the pictures below. Another important part of the Valencian culture is the paella. This meal originates from Valencia and can be eaten at almost every restaurant in the entire city. The typical Valencian paella consists of rabbit, chicken and snails and is really worth the try! Since the city has a lot of beautiful sights to see like the historic city center, Jardín del Turia, the Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias and the beaches, while simultaneously it is sunny 300 days a year, a lot of my friends and family came to visit me.

Of course, I was also very curious to see some of the other parts of Spain. So, I went on a road trip to Andalusia with a Hungarian girl I knew from the university. Together we rented a car and planned a trip to go to Cordoba, Sevilla, Ronda, Marbella, Malaga, Granada, Murcia and Alicante. We saw a lot of beautiful places like the biggest gothic cathedral of the world, the royal palace in Sevilla and the Alhambra palace in Granada. Now that I have finished my internship I am going to enjoy the final weeks here in Spain to enjoy the summer!

Education

STUDY ADVISOR Lonneke Boons Hi there, Iâ€™m Lonneke Boons and I am the academic advisor for all first year bachelor students of the department of Mechanical Engineering. My core business is to help, guide and inform all first year students of ME about all there is to know about their program. I am also available for all kinds of questions and problems. Questions can be very divers. Such as information about the exams, the election courses or scheduling for the second and third year, study progress and problems that influence your study. It is also possible to talk to me about how you are doing. Your new life as a university student is a big change and can be challenging at times. It is possible to make an appointment with me, to sit down and talk to me. However, my door is always open for students that need help or if you want to ask me something. Feel free to walk up to me or come to my office. The study association Simon Stevin can also answer some of your questions, such as questions about books and about the cool activities they organize.

I love working with you, the students of ME. Besides my job as an academic advisor, I am also a part time Psychology student at the Open University and I run my own coaching company. Deep down, I am also a bit of a mechanical engineer. I like to fix my own bike and used to own a 40+ year old van, which I solo travelled with around Europe, before I started working here in Eindhoven. Last year I also did a bike repairing course. I love cycling and being outside in nature, when Iâ€™m not working, studying or taking care of my daughter. I love to travel as well. I did some amazing cycling holidays around Europe, with my partner. And I lived abroad for a year in the USA. Enough about me. I wish you the best of luck, I hope you thrive at Mechanical Engineering. And I hope you enjoy your time at the university! L.P.E.Boons@tue.nl Gemini-South 1.121

WRITTEN BY DAAN VAN BOEKEL

What’s up with all the pink? Over the course of the last years you may have seen people from various instances on the TU/e walking around in pink sweaters. But, what actually is the My Future Collective and why is it important? Where is technology taking us? Labour market 3.0 arises. Globalisation and technological innovations are creating a big impact on organisations. Companies have to innovate faster and more to keep up with the competition. This asks for different knowledge and skills of employers as well as employees. Organisations as well as individuals have to keep on moving to survive. Working relationships and the type of contracts will change. With this changing labour market, also career skills required to gain and maintain long term employment are changing. What will it take for the engineers of the future to meet society’s challenges? Presumably, technological innovation will continue its rapid pace; the world will be intensely interconnected; those involved with technology will need to be multidisciplinary; and social, cultural, political, and economic forces will impact technological innovation. Ever shorter product development cycles through innovation will help drive society’s economic growth, and remarkable opportunities will arise through new developments in nanotechnology, logistics, biotechnology, and high¬-performance computing. The successful future engineer will need strong analytical skills, practical ingenuity, creativity, good communication skills, business and management knowledge, leadership, high ethical standards, professionalism, dynamism, agility, resilience, flexibility, and the pursuit of lifelong learning.

TU/e regards itself as a university with a mission. This university of technology aims to educate new generations of future proof academic engineers, that is, engineers who are able to make a significant contribution to society ten, twenty or forty years into the future. Nobody is able to predict with any degree of certainty or accuracy what our society will look like in the future. That is why engineers will have to excel in a number of generic competences, i.e. competences that are necessary no matter how things turn out. Engineers of the future must be professionals capable of thinking critically and independently and must be able to keep developing and renewing their expertise throughout their career.

How are we doing on career orientation? In 2014 and before, the results the NSE (National Student Survey) showed that the TU/e scored poorly when it comes to career orientation. Namely, the question, “Do you think TU/e offers good preparation in terms of Career and Skills Development?”, scored insufficiently. However, there are a lot of parties on the TU/e that organise career activities; students simply are not aware of all the options and do not know where to find them. That is why, in 2012, the first steps were taken into creating the My Future initiative. The goal of this initiative was to create an overview of all the career related activities at the TU/e, thereby creating

Career

Status quo and the future of My Future

more awareness of these activities and thereby also improving the outcome of the NSE. With http://www. myfuture.tue.nl it has never been easier for students to find career events interesting for them. As future engineers of TU/e we like to think that we will surely find a job and that it surely will be the right one. In reality, it proves quite difficult to find the right one. Especially during times as these, when engineers are very wanted, we should orient ourselves very well.

Currently, the My Future platform has existed for some time and it is slowly growing. Throughout the year, on all posters for career oriented activities on TU/e the My Future logo can already be found. However, we are not there yet, even more students need to take charge of their career orientation. That is why in 2018, the first My Future Day was organised, serving as an extra promotional stunt for the platform. In the academic year 2018-2019 multiple smaller activities were organised organized throughout the year, the My Future Stunts. Moreover, the My Future Day was shaped into a week-long event, the My Future Week. In just over a year My Future points will be probably be implemented. These points are similar to the five USE credits every student has to acquire during their Bachelor. However, the My Future points are, not surprisingly, awarded for visiting career related activities. From then on, who knows what will be the future of My Futureâ€Ś

Tech

By now the 3G network has come and gone with almost everyone using 4G. Anyone who has passed the course calculus will know the logical next step after 4G is 5G and this technology is indeed well under way. This next generation in wireless network promises a lot of upgrades but there are also quite a few problems. What are these issues and how can they be minimized so that we can still enjoy this new technology? WRITTEN BY TJALLE DIJKSTRA

Before looking in to the issues, let’s first look at what 5G promises for the future. What most people will notice is that the internet on their phone will be a lot faster. In tests conducted in the same location the 5G network could reach speeds of up to 200 Mbps (megabits per second) while the 4G network only reached 25 Mbps. In some cases, this even means that the speed with which you get your content isn’t restricted by your internet connection but by the fact that not all apps are fast enough to keep up. This higher speed brings more benefits than being able to stream higher quality videos however. The better connection results in more effective communication and could thus be used for better real time virtual reality software to so called smart cities, where almost everything is connected to and controlled by the internet. The streamlined communication can also increase productivity in factories and even help the transformation to a cashfree society. All in all, 5G will at worst let us stream videos faster and at best transform many aspects of society.

What are the problems? This all sounds well and good of course but nothing is without its downsides. First of all, there is the is issue mentioned before that our devices won’t be able to keep up with the speed of 5G. Some sceptics even argue that 5G is trivial for phones since they simply cannot use the higher speeds. It is unlikely however that our hardware won’t catch up to fully utilize the new network. Another issue that is unique to the Netherlands is that 5G needs a 3.5 GHz frequency to work. It just so happens that this is the same frequency used by our intelligence agency. This is only the case in the north of the Netherlands so for now 5G will only be possible on 700MHz and 26GHz frequencies. Now let’s talk about the elephant in the room and the reason that most people nowadays have heard of 5G: the battle between Huawei and several nations, especially the USA. This is due to the race to develop the first commercial 5G network. The first company to achieve this will be able to get a large share in the 5G market. Currently Huawei, a Chinese mobile producers and provider, is far ahead in this race. This is raising concerns in the western world since other

countries suspect that Huawei is using spyware in their products on orders of the Chinese government. Due to these suspicions several companies do not use Huawei products and the USA has put Huawei on the black list of unreliable companies. This is why some companies in the USA are trying to develop 5G on their own, with one company even labeling their 4G network a 5G beta. China and Huawei both deny these accusations however and there is no hard evidence to support these claims at this time. This is why some countries, like the Netherlands, are currently developing a 5G network in collaboration with Huawei. For now, it still needs to be seen if the USA just doesn’t want another country, and a communist country at that, to be the first to develop 5G or that their fears are actually justified.

Image by: Dove Development Connect

What are the benefits of 5G?

5G coming to Eindhoven. Even though there are some issues with 5G it is inevitable that it will take over in the future, the only question is when. In the case of Eindhoven this might not be too far away since the first city tests are scheduled later this very year. This will be done by a collaboration of the government of Eindhoven, VodafoneZiggo and network partner Ericsson. The main issue this group will be tackling is how societal problems, like traffic regulation, can be tackled using this new technology. This 5G network will be available to many concepts that help towards the group goal, for example ambulances that get live assistance from professionals in the hospital. Some other participants that will get access to the network are startups, students and scientist at the High Tech campus, and the PSV and Philips stadiums. The tests in Eindhoven were kicked off by showing off the potential of 5G by having a live hologram of Edwin van der Sar on stage with to wish PSV good luck for the coming game between Ajax and PSV. All in all, there are still some hurdles in the way of everyone having access to 5G but this technology is coming and it’s coming fast. Especially if you live in Eindhoven you will be working with 5G within a matter of months to help with a pilot program. The question that remains is if this technology will bring the world closer together, or only divide it by causing conflict between competing nations, but what we know for sure is that we won’t have to wait for our videos to buffer any longer.

Hephtig:

Colombia

â€œOh gloria inmarcesible!â€? Zo luidt de eerste zin van het volkslied van Colombia, dat elke Colombiaan uit volle borst trots meezingt. Waar je Colombianen ook tegenkomt, altijd zullen ze vertellen over hun mooie land. Zeker terecht, al zeg ik het zelf. Ik ben zelf half Colombiaans en ben al vele keren in Colombia geweest. Vandaar dat ik graag wat wil delen over dit mooie land! GESCHREVEN DOOR Jankatiri Boon

Association

Geschiedenis

Eten

Al duizenden jaren woonden er tientallen stammen van inheemse volken in Colombia, die vooral in het noorden en westen te vinden waren. Een belangrijke stam indianen waren de Chibcha die voor een primitieve samenleving vrij hoog waren ontwikkeld qua politiek, infrastructuur en landbouwtechniek. Met de Spaanse inquisitie in 1500 viel deze stam echter uit elkaar en eindigde het indianen tijdperk.

Eten is een belangrijk aspect in de Colombiaanse cultuur. Het is een onderdeel van de band tussen de mensen en zorgt voor blijdschap en broederschap. Tijdens kerst heb ik mogen ervaren hoe een complete wijk midden op straat verzamelt om een grote pan sancocho (Soep) te brouwen. Een gerecht dat dagelijks wordt gegeten is de arepa. Het is een soort koek die wordt gemaakt door het combineren van maïsmeel en water. Dit wordt vervolgens op een speciale pan gebakken. Boter en zout zijn de meest simpele toppings, maar je kan van alles toevoegen. Denk aan kaas, ham, kip etc. Dit gerecht vind je bij vrijwel elke maaltijd, ongeacht het tijdstip.

Spanje veroorzaakte een koloniale overheersing waardoor Colombia onder de heerschappij van Spanje terecht kwam. In 1810 raakte een groot gebied onafhankelijk van Spanje, wat Gran Colombia werd. Dit gebied bestond uit huidig Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador en Panama. In 1830 is Gran Colombia uit elkaar gevallen en zijn toen de landen gevormd die we hedendaags kennen. In de tijd sinds het uiteenvallen van Gran Colombia kent het land veel intern conflict. Vele burgeroorlogen, staatsgrepen en druggerelateerde moorden vonden plaats. Het meest bekende geval is de drugsoorlog die gevoerd werd in de jaren ’90 met het Medellínkartel onder leiding van Pablo ‘El Patron’ Escobar, of de burgeroorlog met de paramilitaire rebellengroep FARC, die sinds kort is afgelopen door het sluiten van een vredesakkoord. Na deze onrustige maar vooral tragische periode is het land aan het stabiliseren. De economie groeit, er wordt veel geïnvesteerd in infrastructuur en er heerst politieke stabiliteit. De steden zijn steeds moderner en er komen meer kansen voor bijvoorbeeld ingenieurs en ondernemers.

Zoals ik al eerder noemde is sancocho ook een heel traditioneel gerecht. Het is een soep die bestaat uit kip of varkensvlees, aardappel, bouillon, cassave, bakbanaan, koriander, maïs en citroensap. Op straat zul je vele straatverkopers vinden. In de ochtend fruit- en sap handelaars die met een karretje langs lopen door de straat die enorm luid hun product omroepen. Churro’s kan je op vrijwel elke hoek vinden, net als mango biche. Het is een net niet rijpe mango, waardoor het groen van kleur is en wat zuurder dan normaal. Dit wordt vervolgens met een apparaat in sliertjes gesneden en in een bakje gedaan waar je dan je eigen toppings aan kan toevoegen. Het meest standaard was zout en citroensap, maar sommige verkopers boden zelfs discodip aan. Het meest genuttigde en tradiotionele drank is aguardiente, dat ongeveer vertaalt naar ‘vurig water’. Het is een anijslikeur die per provincie anders wordt geproduceerd, wat resulteert in een diverse selectie merken en smaken.

Locaties Mijn familie komt uit Medellín; een stad in de provincie Antioquia. Het is na de hoofdstad Bogota de grootste stad. De moderniseringsgraad is hoog. Zo is er gewerkt aan publieke sportparken die gratis te betreden zijn, evenals vrijwel gratis openbaar vervoer zoals de Metrocable. Opmerkelijke kunst die je kunt vinden is op het Boteroplein, waar meerdere kunstwerken van Fernando Botero zich bevinden. Botero is een schilder en beeldhouwer met een zeer kenmerkende stijl. Hij beeldt objecten, dieren en personen op zeer dikke of opgezwollen manier af. Dichtbij Medellín gelegen is El peñól de Guatapé. Het is een bijzondere rots gelegen bij het dorpje Guatapé die gevormd is door platentektoniek. In een scheur in de rots bevindt zich een trap die met een kleine 600 treden helemaal naar boven gaat. Het eiland San Andres is een zeer populaire toeristenbestemming dat zich in de Caribische zee bevindt. Het eiland is slechts 26 vierkante kilometer groot en heeft een populatie van 67 duizend inwoners. Het staat bekend om zijn blauwe zeeën met goudgele stranden en hoge temperaturen.

Muziek en Sport Net als het eten is muziek een groot aspect van de cultuur van Colombia. Met kerst of nieuwjaar ontkom ik nooit aan salsadansen met mijn moeder, oma, tante, nichtje, etc.. Salsa is een zeer aanwezige muziekstijl die in vele vormen voorkomt. Het meest typische is de Cumbia, wat een mengeling is tussen spaanse en afrikaanse dans. Prominente instrumenten zijn (bas)gitaren, piano, maracas, blaasinstrumenten en traditionele percussie. Bekende artiesten zijn Joe Arroyo, Carlos Vives, El Grupo Niche en Fruko y sus Tesos. Buiten salsa is er natuurlijk ook andere muziek. Een veel modernere en bekendere soort muziek is reggeaton. Bekende artiesten zijn J Balvin en Maluma. Beroemde Colombiaanse artiesten die meer in het Latin pop genre thuishoren zijn Shakira en Juanes. Juanes komt uit Medellín en heeft zelf veel geld geïnvesteerd in de stad. Zo heeft hij in een arme wijk een sportpark aangelegd in samenwerking met de overheid waar je gratis kunt sporten. Dit park is vernoemd naar hem; “Parque Juanes de la Paz” wat vertaalt in Vredespark Juanes. Ten slotte heb je ook Jody Bernal maar daar wil ik het liever niet over hebben… Colombianen zijn ook zeer aanwezig in de sportwereld. Voetbal en wielrennen wordt het meest

beoefend. In totaal heeft het voetbalelftal zich zes keer kunnen plaatsen voor het WK, met de kwartfinale als hoogtepunt. Bekende voetballers zijn Carlos Valderrama, René Higuita (die op een zeer ludieke manier een doel wist te voorkomen) en Andres Escobar. Hedendaags zijn bekende voetballers: James Rodriguez, Radamel Falcao, Juan Cuadrado en Santiago Arias; die bij ons eigen PSV heeft gespeeld. Er valt nog veel meer te zeggen over Colombia maar voorlopig hoop ik dat ik u genoeg verrijkt heb met kennis om een beeld te schetsen van dit mooie koffieproducerende land. Ik ga deze zomervakantie weer op visite bij mijn familie en hoop weer nieuwe plekken te ontdekken. Mocht je nog vragen hebben of interesse hebben in mijn ervaringen kan je altijd bij mij terecht! ¡Hasta luego!

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Education

Interview Elia Beks

What exactly do you do on the university?

What did you like most during your time as a student?

”Well, my job is very diverse so there’s no specific job description. The tasks I have to do vary a lot. I was responsible for the selection day of Mechanical Engineering in March for example and I’m also the coordinator of the Bachelor Final Project. I also help with the setup and improvement of some courses in the Bachelor and Master and I’m the secretary of four program committees. I really like the diversity of this job.”

“I liked living in a student house and eating and going out with my house mates. I also really enjoyed my master thesis about MH17, which was very interesting! Working independently was a nice experience and I have even considered doing a PhD afterwards.”

What and where have you studied?

“After my graduating project, I didn’t know what I wanted to do next. Eventually I chose not to do a PhD and I also did not want to work in a museum or in an art gallery.

“I studied Cultural studies at the Radboud University of Nijmegen. At the end of my secondary school I didn’t know what I wanted to study, so I figured that if it has a broad prospective, it would be fine.“

How did you end up at the Technical University of Eindhoven?

After some time I decided to go to Hanoi for an internship as an English teacher for children from six until twelve. I liked my time there and it gave me an idea

about what I wanted to do next. I realized that education, in one form or another, had always interested me. Eventually, a vacancy opened at the Technical University of Eindhoven, the city I was born, and I decided to apply. “

“I like to draw, make small (after) movies and of course hang out with friends. I also have a guilty pleasure. From my first salary I bought a Nintendo Switch with the game Zelda: Breath of the Wild, which I really enjoy playing. “

Who is your favorite colleague? “I do like all my colleagues, but the person I hang out the most with is Mirna van den Boomen. She is the same age as me and we also share an office. “

Do you have some good advice for students? “Enjoy your time as a student. Get involved with the university like joining the Faculty council or working as a TA. Now you have the chance to make use of all these possibilities.”

Image by: Elia Beks

Do you have any (strange) hobbiess?

What do you think about the numerus fixus for the bachelor Mechanical Engineering? “I agree with the fact there has to be a limit, because the amount of staff members is not growing while the number of students is increasing. This results in the fact that the workload of the staff is higher and that there’s a risk that not all students can be helped (timely). I see the numerus fixus as a way to maintain our standard of quality education.

Where can students find you? “I have an office in Gemini-South 1.129, next to the reception.”

Written by Maartje Borst

Tech

‘We are going’. That was the title of the video NASA uploaded

a couple of weeks ago on YouTube. The message, narrated by William Shatner for extra spectacle, announced that NASA is planning on revisiting the Moon in 2024. And the most interesting side note was that this time, we’re staying. WRITTEN BY LEX VERBERNE

Image by: Foster + Partners

Tech

So, what’s the plan? Yes, you heard that right. NASA is planning on extending the human territory towards the Moon. The last people who have set foot on lunar ground were there in 1972, so maybe it is anyway a good time to go again. The earlier plan was to aim to make the journey in 2028, but president Trump has encouraged NASA to shorten the program by 4 years.

Can we even do it? Now, it may be logical that your first reaction is to think that this is just another random idea from Trump to make America ‘Great again’, but maybe just give it a try for now and hear the plan out. In the end, the exploration of the galaxy is something which is becoming more and more realistic since the first Moon landing and in the end someone has to be the first. Exploration is in the nature of human, so why wait any longer? But since it is not the smallest operation, critics have asked a lot of questions about how to realize this gigantic challenge. First, let’s talk money. No one from NASA has yet mentioned how the expenses exactly will raise when the plan needs to be completed in 2024, but NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine has given a ‘small’ indication that this decision would need 8 billion a year extra to complete it. They don’t know how to get this money yet, but the budget proposal will be ready in 2020. In the meantime, the American government is getting quite frustrated by being left in the dark by NASA. You need to take some risk to get high rewards, right? And the finances are only the beginning. NASA also needs to come up with a plan to get all the technical process shortened by 4 years. Besides all the extra hard work it needs, there seems to be one big decision they still have to make regarding their technical development: The Green Run. The Green Run is the biggest test NASA performs on their vehicle, recreating a full launch of 8 minutes, where the entire rocket sticks to the ground. As a mechanical engineer, you hopefully understand the importance of testing and the data you receive from it, so you can imagine the engineers at NASA are not pleased about the doubt whether to perform it or not.

What is the main reason to go? Okay, so let’s assume they manage to get there, what are we going to do? NASA officers has said that staying on the Moon is simply to accelerate the mission to eventually land humans on Mars. Both are missions are very much intertwined. Like shooting something into orbit from the Moon is way easier then when doing it from Earth, due to the difference in gravity. But wait, there is more: According to NASA, a lot of people miss the fact that there is still a lot to be discovered on the Moon. For instance, scientists now say that the poles of the Moon consist of tons of water ice, which would make the Moon an extremely more habitable place. The last six landings on the Moon have all been in equatorial regions, which means that there is much to still explore. And in the end, doesn’t it just sound like a good plan to start make a beginning on intergalactic exploration?

Image by: Freepik.com

Image by: TechRepublic

What is life on the Moon like? But as cozy as this may sound, living on the Moon will probably not be a very pleasant experience. A day on the moon lasts 29 times longer than your regular day on Earth and the difference between day and night is around 250 degrees. In the end, the Moon is just a big ball with a lot of dust on it, which is constantly subject to radiation from the cosmos and incoming meteorites. So maybe don’t be too enthusiastic when you get the opportunity to go there.

How feasible is it to live on the Moon and eventually in the rest of the galaxy? First of all, we do have the technology, it just takes a lot of money to get there. We have pretty much made a nice start by doing exploration missions for the last 50 years, creating quite a good understanding of what the Moon is all about. Now, we can create the first kind of structures for people to live in, which will most likely be inflatable units, where astronauts can live together in a small area. These first basements will be used to stay for some time, but these will not be permanent ones already. These research pioneers can develop ways to really live on the Moon, although they probably won’t stay there the first time and will be alternated by a new group of astronauts. In the end, if we really want to colonize the Moon, we will need to make it self sustainable. This could be achieved by building real settlements where humans could live their entire life. And maybe, when this all goes well, the Moon could be an even improved version of the Earth, since it is a place where maybe all waste needs to be recycled for instance.

Intergalactic colonization: how feasible is it? So, we are really making a beginning on the Sci-Fi dream of exploring the universe, but what is the possibility that it will work? This question has also to do with alien life forms and is mostly discussed simultaneously with the concept of ‘The Great Filter’. This filter is a concept which describes how hard it is for any form of life to go into the universe and for instance conquer their galaxy. As you may have read earlier in some scientific publications, there are apparently enough Earth-like planets in our galaxy alone which could make home for life, so why haven’t we seen any of those other life forms yet? This would mean that there is some filter in the development of an intelligent species. Maybe, there always is a doom scenario which prevents species from going intergalactic. For instance, species that make it this far will probably fail to sustain their planet by developing sustainable sources of energy or recycling all their resources, creating an eventually uninhabitable planet. The other way to look at it may be a more brighter option, because this would mean we have already passed the filter. Maybe, intelligent life or life itself is just an extremely complex process which is almost impossible to create. For what we know, the evolution towards the eventual human could be something which is almost always going wrong, but it just happened to work out for us. So for now, maybe just go with the idea that the Great Filter is already behind us, making us even a more unique species.

Career Aca YOUR FUTURE STARTS TODAYY Life on campus for most students is a world on its own. Going to lectures, studying for exams, working on projects and not to forget: enjoying your days of being a student! However, as your studies evolve you surely but slowly become a technical professional as well. That dream internship or first job might already be right around the corner! But how can you start preparing yourself for your first steps on the labor market? TU/e Career Academy is here to help you out!

About TU/e Career Academy

Career Development for ME students

So, how do you know what your interests actually are? What can you do to find out what type of internship or job would suit your talents best? And how do you eventually set up a professional CV and LinkedIn profile to start showing yourself to a potential employer? By forming the bridge between students and employers, TU/e Career Academy offers a wide spectrum of career-related services to support you with all likewise questions. You can attend a variety of workshops to improve your application skills or get your CV, cover letter and LinkedIn profile checked. Moreover, it is possible to book an individual appointment with a career coach to discuss your career-related questions more in-depth. And the best of it all? As a TU/e student, these services are all offered for free!

As you’ve most likely heard quite sometimes as a Mechanical Engineering student, professionals with a profound technical background are highly wanted nowadays. Not bad, right? Yet, finding the right career path that suits your talents best can still be a challenge sometimes. Therefore, TU/e Career Academy is successfully teaming up with the ME faculty for the fifth year already by providing a complete Master’s course, Career Development. In just one quartile, students get started with exploring their own career path, from self-assessment and application skills to pitching themselves in front of a real-life business panel. In short, an interactive and useful course on all the in’s and out’s regarding job market orientation which optimally prepares you for your future career.

Career

ademy

related questions all year round. To get a glimpse of all services and where to find them, check the overview below or visit the TU/e Career Academy website: • •

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Stand out from the crowd Luckily, you don’t necessarily have to be a Master’s student (yet) to take charge of your own career development. Actually, seeking nice opportunities to develop useful skills and gain experience can start in any phase of your studies. Thinking about applying for a board year or a student team? Changes are high that you need to pass on your CV and write a cover letter to display your experience, skills and motivation. Setting up these documents in the best possible way will most likely grab the attention of the one receiving it and could very likely lead to an interview invitation. Check out the tips below on how to professionally spice up your CV: • • •

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Book an individual career coaching appointment via the online system Have your CV, Cover Letter and/or LinkedIn profile professionally checked every Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday during the walk-in sessions (12:00h – 15:00h @ EnergyForum) Keep an eye on all TU/e Career Academy workshops and check out the schedule for the upcoming academic year. Go to myfuture.tue.nl to stay updated on all career-related activities organized by Career Academy and lots of other TU/e affiliated parties to help you in orientation on the labor market. Win-win! Not able to find the support you are looking for? E-mail your specific questions regarding your career to careeracademy@tue.nl.

Good luck taking charge of your career and looking forward to seeing you around on campus! Follow TU/e Career Academy on Facebook and Instagram.

Add a friendly, professional photo to make the document more personal Give a glimpse of yourself and your ambitions by adding a written personal profile Display a few personal interests/hobbies to show what you do besides studying (and working) Use a nice CV-template (or create your own format) to set yourself apart from other documents

Get help from TU/e Career Academy Need some more help with updating your CV, looking for potential (summer) jobs or your next career moves? As the academic year is coming to an end, this might be the case for you as well. TU/e Career Academy is open to facilitate your career

Evolutietheorie Evolutie, geen feit maar wel een weloverwogen theorie. Een verdomd handige, en verdomd slimme theorie, maar theorie niettemin. Dus wat is het eigenlijk? Hoe kwamen ze erop? Wat schieten we ermee op? Written by Stèphan Potgieter

Stel je eens voor, we zitten halverwege de negentiende eeuw. Dat God bestaat staat voor een (voor die tijd fenomenaal laag) percentage van 95% van de mensen als een paal boven water, de industriële revolutie is booming, de wetenschap in opmars. De echte tijd van ontdekkingsreizen, de tijd waarin de wereld werd veroverd door Groot-Brittanië en haar vloot, komt rochelend aan zijn einde. Het is de tijd waarin de Verenigde Staten bloeien. Dat er zoiets als evolutie bestaat begint de meesten te dagen. Onder de wetenschappers is het eigenlijk impliciet al aangenomen. Evolutie, in de zin van het veranderen van een soort door zijn reproductie, is namelijk allang aangetoond: je hoeft de schoothondjes van de rijke dames maar te vergelijken met de breed geborste vechthonden uit de krottenwijken. Beide afkomstig van de wolf, maar geteeld naar de voorkeuren van de mens. Maar wat is evolutie precies? Hoe werkt het? En wat van God? De antwoorden leken in de lucht te hangen maar er was niemand die het op de tong kon nemen.

krijgt hij een brief van Alfred Russel Wallace. Wallace vertelt hem daarin dat hij tijdens niets anders dan een koortsaanval het geheim achter evolutie had ontdekt: natuurlijke selectie. Darwin was namelijk al op de Galápagoseilanden bijna dertig jaar geleden, op min of meer hetzelfde idee gekomen. De kans bestond nu dat Wallace met de roem en glorie ervandoor zou gaan. Dat bracht het zaakje aan het rollen en binnen no time, in november 1859, was een uittreksel van Darwin’s werk gepubliceerd (in samenwerking met Wallace) met de naam ‘On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life’. De titel werd later verkort tot ‘On the Origin of Species’.

Charles Darwin Je vroeg je misschien af wanneer Charles Darwin er bij betrokken werd. Hier is hij. Charles Darwin is een voormalig pastoor, die in 1831 een rondvaart maakte als passagier op een schip (HMS Beagle) en daar een ingeving kreeg tijdens een excursie op de Galápagoseilanden. Sindsdien bestudeert hij allerlei organismen uiterst nauwkeurig, en verzamelt en tekent hij alle data die zijn theorie lijken te bevestigen in een boek. In hart en nieren is Darwin wetenschapper. Zijn ware passie is de biologie. Hij verloor zijn geloof toen zijn lievelingsdochtertje stierf, maar zijn vrouw, en tevens zijn nicht, is wél een vrome tante. Aangezien zijn boek in feite het bestaan van God een aardige schop tegen de poten geeft, is Darwin ietswat terughoudend met het publiek bekend maken van zijn manuscript. Op gegeven moment echter, Image by: Stationers’ Company

Association Darwin’s theorie In dit boek verduidelijkt Darwin wat evolutie precies is en waarom het er moet zijn. Hij noemt de evolutie de verandering van erfelijke eigenschappen in een populatie van één generatie op het volgende, en het moet er volgens hem zijn om vier grote redenen.: 1.

Er zijn fossielen. Waar in the name of all holy things komen fossielen vandaan? Rare beenderen die een beetje verstrooid onder de grond liggen te liggen. Men was er tot dan toe van overtuigd dat het allemaal beesten waren geweest die met de Bijbelse zondvloed dood gingen, slechts een miezerige paar duizend jaar geleden. Een rebelse geoloog echter, Lyell, beweerde dat wat aan het aardoppervlak te zien is vandaag niet anders kon zijn ontstaan dan door erosie, sedimentatie en vulkanisatie, en dat de aarde dus miljoenen jaren oud moest zijn. Ping! Klonk het in Darwins hoofd, want miljoenen jaren maken evolutie mogelijk. En ook Pong! Want fossielen die in verschillende lagen in de grond zijn gevonden, zijn daarom niet even oud. En de beesten van wie de fossielen zijn gingen dus niet tegelijkertijd dood in een zondvloed. Er zijn bizarre gelijkenissen in de anatomie van volledig verschillende dieren. De beenderen in de vleugel van een vleermuis lijken namelijk (met een tikkeltje goodwill) veel op de beenderen in je hand, of die in een walvisvin. Iets dat verklaard zou kunnen worden als die drie organismen een gemeenschappelijke voorouder hadden en dus geëvolueerd waren tot wat ze nu zijn. Er zijn rudimentaire lichaamsdelen. Ligt in hetzelfde straatje als reden twee. Wij hebben een staartbeentje en een blinde darm, een python heeft minuscule achterbeentjes, vissen die in permanente duisternis leven hebben ogen, en niemand heeft er een bal aan. De verklaring die Darwin voor die dingen oppert is dat onze voorouders er misschien wél een bal aan hadden, en de evolutie te lui is geweest ze er weer vanaf te halen. Het ervan afhalen van die lichaamsdelen zou namelijk niet tot meer ‘fitness’ leiden dan het organisme al heeft. Het wel of niet bestaan van dat lichaamsdeel doet er dus niet toe vanuit evolutionair oogpunt. Misschien wel het sterkste argument de embryo’s. Laat de vroege embryo’s van wederom volledig verschillende dieren aan je kleine broertje van vijf zien en hij zal opmerken dat ze hetzelfde zijn. Maakt niet uit of je jezelf vergelijkt met een vis, een vogel of een ander zoogdier, in je vroegste stadia was je niet van het te onderscheiden. Hoe raar. Nou, zegt Darwin, misschien wat minder raar als we allemaal van dezelfde voorouder komen. Als we dus allemaal ooit hetzelfde waren.

Natuurlijke selectie Maar nu de drijfveer achter evolutie, daar zaten ze mee in de negentiende eeuw, wat is dat, waarom zou er evolutie zijn? Vergelijk het met Crime Scene Investigation. Er is een hoop bewijs; bloed, kleding, vingerafdrukken, maar als er geen motief is ontbreekt er iets. Het belangrijkste motief voor evolutie noemt Darwin, en anderen, natuurlijke selectie. Organismen krijgen meer nakomelingen dan er mogelijk zouden kunnen overleven. Een deel sterft dus af, een ander deel overleeft. Verder zijn eigenschappen erfelijk, en treedt er oneindig veel variatie van eigenschappen op binnen een soort. Darwin wist niet waarom, maar tegenwoordig noemen we de reden ‘willekeurige mutaties en zeer veel combinaties van DNA’. Mocht je dus zo gevarieerd zijn dat je er een fractie beter voor staat in het ultracomplexe spel dat het leven heet, dan je soortgenoot (dus dat je meer ‘fitness’ hebt) dan is de kans groter dat jouw eigenschap doorgegeven wordt dan de zijne. Zo wordt jouw eigenschap ‘geselecteerd door de natuur’ en past een soort als geheel zich steeds beter aan, aan zijn levensomstandigheden. De parallel wordt getrokken met de schoothondjes van de dames en de breedgeborste vechthonden uit arme wijken. Deze honden zijn dan wel nog dezelfde soort, maar ze zijn door de mens geselecteerd op respectievelijk de eigenschappen ‘lijkt op rat’ en ‘vecht als wolf’, en vertonen daarom zulke grote verschillen. De natuur selecteert ook, het selecteert namelijk de organismen die het beste aangepast zijn om te overleven. In Darwins tijd bestond er ene meneer Lamarck die dacht dat eigenschappen die individuen verwerven doorgegeven worden aan hun nakomelingen. Als een giraffe dus steeds zijn nek rekt om bij een hoog blaadje te komen en hij zijn nek tegen de tijd dat hij nakomelingen gaat produceren vijf centimeter langer heeft gerekt, dan zullen zijn kindertjes dus ook een nek hebben die ongeveer vijf centimeter langer is. Pure onzin, want wat je doet in je leven heeft geen invloed op je DNA. Nou, eigenlijk wel want roken bijvoorbeeld zorgt voor meer mutaties in je DNA waardoor je meer kans hebt op kanker. Maar ik denk dat je het met me eens bent dat als je gaat fitnessen tot je een blikje bier tussen je borstspieren fijn kan knijpen, dat geen enkele invloed heeft op de borstspiergrootte van je nageslacht. Darwin echter was een aanhanger van Lamarck’s theorie. Klein foutje.

Seksuele selectie ‘Survival of the fittest’ is niet de enige drijfveer. Een hinderlijk ding zoals de staart van een pauw zou volgens ‘survival of the fittest’ in een miljard jaar nog niet ontstaan zijn. Zo zijn er nog talloze voorbeelden, een prieelvogel bouwt een kunstzinnig nest versierd met gekleurde objectjes die hij met veel moeite aanvliegt, een mannelijke fazant heeft bonte opvallende kleuren, een mannelijk hert heeft een lastig, groot, zwaar

Image by: H.P.J.M. van der Lans-Schosswald

gewei die hij elk paringsseizoen weer moet aangroeien, wij hebben bizar grote hersenen. Voor dit alles wordt koortsachtig een verklaring gezocht, niet altijd meteen door Darwin, maar dan door aanhangers van zijn theorie. Het meeste wordt afgedaan met ‘seksuele selectie’. Vrouwtjes hebben bepaalde voorkeuren, voorkeuren die zouden moeten duiden op meer fitness. Als een pauw zo’n staart mee kan dragen en toch niet opgegeten wordt door een roofdier, moet het wel een hele snelle of vaardige pauw zijn, en dus de moeite waard om mee te copuleren. Zo kun je dus de gekste dingen te zien krijgen in soorten. De grootte van de hersenen van de mens wordt ook deels zo verklaard. Het blijkt dat vrouwen over het algemeen vallen op mannen die status hebben en zin hebben zich in te zetten voor een relatie. Trouwens blijken ze dan weer tijdens of vlak na de ovulatie op bonkige kerels met brede kaken te vallen, wat erop zou duiden dat ze eigenlijk de genen willen van die bonkige kerels, maar wel een lief mannetje met veel inzet om voor het kindje te zorgen de rest van de tijd. Mannen zouden dan weer op jonge vrouwen met ronde vormen vallen, omdat die simpelweg de meeste kans hebben vruchtbaar te zijn. Lekker gederomantiseerd. Maar terug naar evolutie. Vrouwen vallen op status, status krijg je vaak door iets beter te doen dan de rest. Dat doe je vaak omdat je slim bent, dus je kunt zeggen dat de menselijke soort is gedreven om grote hersenen te krijgen, omdat vrouwen dat sexy vinden. Echter, er zijn ook andere verklaringen gezocht. Moeilijkere leefomstandigheden in de ijstijd zouden beter teamwork noodzakelijk maken. Betere communicatie dus maar ook ingewikkeldere relaties, en daarvoor zijn ook grote hersenen nodig. Het klinkt alsof dat laatste is toegevoegd aan het vrouwelijke-preferentie-idee om het eigen ego een beetje te spekken. Als de enige verklaring voor onze hersengrootte namelijk vrouwelijke preferentie was, zou dat betekenen dat we de heerser van de aarde zijn om een quasi-fetisj die ergens erbij is ingeslopen bij de vrouwtjes. Dat geeft net wat minder recht op onze heerserstatus dan ‘survival of the fittest’. Mocht men dan willen zeggen dat we door de ijstijdomstandigheden gevormd zijn met grote hersenen, zodat wij toch als soort het beste geschikt zijn (en daarom nu computers, auto’s en smartphones hebben), zou men eerst een blik bij de buren moeten werpen. De neanderthaler is uitgestorven, maar had een herseninhoud van gemiddeld 1750 cc, waar wij het met 1500 cc moeten doen. ‘Fitter’ dus, maar toch uitgestorven.

Evolutionaire onmogelijkheden

Herinneren

Het is ook volstrekt logisch dat we geen recht hebben op de heerschappij van de aarde. Niets of niemand heeft dat. Als je God helemaal buiten de vergelijking laat zijn we slechts creaties van de natuur, en puur toeval. Evolutie is blind, doof, stom en levenloos. Het heeft geen plan of voorbestemming en daarom is één soort ook niet beter dan een ander. Het is er gewoon, genadeloos. Evolutie zorgt alleen maar dat een organisme zo goed en productief is als het kan zijn tijdens zijn meest vruchtbare periode. Of het organisme meteen na zijn voortplanting sterft bijvoorbeeld maakt helemaal niet uit. Zo’n eigenschap zou er niet uitgefilterd worden door evolutie, tenzij het tijdstip van voortplanting ineens vereist. Vanuit evolutionair oogpunt is het daarom vanzelfsprekend dat we op een gegeven moment sterven. Anders zou je zeggen dat sterven helemaal niet handig is, waarom filtert evolutie die eigenschap er niet gewoon uit? We zijn echter met compromissen geëvolueerd. Rond ons twintigste jaar zijn we hyperfit, maar dat heeft gevolgen voor ons tachtigste levensjaar.

Ten slotte nog één ding. Het is apart dat er eigenlijk niks origineels was aan Darwins boek. ‘Natural Selection’ is waarschijnlijk het belangrijkste concept dat erin wordt uitgelegd, maar achteraf bleek dat er kleinere publicaties waren geweest die dit al aan het licht hadden gebracht. Ook evolutie was in principe al een oud concept. Darwins prestatie lag hem, volgens Wikipedia, in de combinatie van het brengen van het concept van natuurlijke selectie als mechanisme voor evolutie, samen met een enorme berg aan nieuwe bewijzen voor evolutie zelf, vormgegoten in een goedgeschreven boek dat door een menigte aan leken gelezen kon worden. Dat is waarom we Darwins naam kennen, en niet die van een ander.

‘Although much remains obscure, and will long remain obscure, I can entertain no doubt, after the most deliberate study and dispassionate judgement of which I am capable, that the view which most naturalists entertain, and which I formerly entertained – namely, that each species has been independently created – is erroneous. I am fully convinced that species are nog immutable; but that those belonging to what are called the same genera are lineal descendants of some other and generally extinct species, in the same manner as the acknowledged varieties of any one species are the descendants of that species. Furthermore, I am convinced that Natural Selection has been the main but not exclusive means of modification.’ Charles Darwin – On the Origin of Species

Education

PROGRAM COORDINATOR Rob van der Heijden Dear student, Welcome to mechanical Engineering. Starting your university education is always an exciting time.moving to a new city, getting to know your fellow students during the introduction week and receiving the official TU/e laptop bag. All this before you even start following courses. At the department we are here to help you with the transition from going to school to studying at university. In the first weeks you will notice our system is a bit different from what you might have been used to. Planning skills and self-reliance will for instance become far more important for a successful study strategy. But donâ€™t forget to also have some fun. My name is Rob van der Heijden and i am the coordinator for the bachelor and master program in mechanical engineering. This is mainly behind the scenes work and involves the planning and organization of the program, and in this way, I help to provide you with the best possible education. But every now and then, I will address you at various information meetings. Feedback is very important for us. So, if you have a suggestion on how we can make the program better, come visit me in Gem-Z 1.119 or send an email! Kind regards Ir. Rob van der Heijden r.v.d.heijden@tue.nl Gemini-South 1.119

Master Thesis: MECHANICAL METAMATERIALS WRITTEN BY: KARSTEN SLAKHORST

Mechanical metamaterials are materials with properties which you cannot find in natural material. For example, the negative cross contraction coefficient, the Poisson-factor, which is typical for mechanical metamaterials. Natural materials have a positive cross contraction coefficient which means that for a horizontal pressure a vertical expansion occurs. But for mechanical metamaterials the same horizontal pressure results in a vertical shrinkage. The reason is the so-called pattern transformation of the underlying structure, in which the periodic distribution of round holes will be converted into a distribution of turned ellipses. The mechanical behaviour of these materials is strongly affected by these pattern transformations.

Homogenization method The stress-strain behaviour of the mechanical metamaterials can be predicted by using the finite element method (FEM). Although, from a designer perspective, it is easier to consider the difficult heterogenic material as a homogenic material. The conversion method to homogenic materials is called the homogenization method, in which the effective macroscopic properties can be derived with the underlying microstructure. The stress-strain diagram, which is calculated by using the homogenization for compression of mechanical metamaterials, is shown in the following picture. From this stress-strain diagram can be derived at what strain the drastically change in the material behaviour happens. That drastically change is caused by the pattern transformation. The behaviour after this pattern

transformation remains completely elastic and reversible which means that for every single time that the material is compressed it will return to its on distorted configuration when the pressure is released.

Simulation methods The Mechanics of Materials group (MoM) investigates, under the direction of Ron Peerlings and Marc Geers, simulation methods for

Education

these mechanical metamaterials. In the beginning they looked at the structure of the pattern transformation which is correlated to the material behaviour. A simple investigation case was made in which the material was assumed as infinite long by using periodic boundary conditions for the vertical boundaries. That is shown in the figure above. In this case the behaviour can be modelled on a numeric level. The compression can be simulated by prescribing the movement of the upper and lower boundary. Therefore, the pattern transformation is suppressed on the boundaries with prescribed movement. The suppression of the pattern transformation has unfortunately an influence on the stress-strain behaviour. That effect is relatively big for structures with a low number of cells in the vertical direction, which is shown below. This type of diagram is a graduation curve. The nominal tension for 7.5% strain is given on the vertical axis and the number of cells in the vertical direction is given on the horizontal axis. This diagram shows the scale effect of the mechanical metamaterials. But that scale effect makes it challenging to apply the homogenization method on the metamaterials. investigate the possibility of tuning the local microstructure of a product by varying the orientation. As mentioned before, the numerical homogenization takes the underlying structure of the material into account to simulate the mechanical behaviour. It can calculate the macroscopic and microscopic material behaviour separately, which is the power of this method. The coupling can be made with energy equations. In the beginning the sum of the macro strain will be determined. The macro strain has of course an influence on the micro strain which means that the micro strain can be derived from the sum of the macro strain. After that the micro stress can be calculated. In the end the macro stress can be derived from the micro strain. This process continues until the entire macro domain of the material behaviour is known.

Micromorphic homogenization Inside the Mechanics of Materials group an eccentric homogenization method has been developed for these materials, which is called ‘Micromorphic homogenization’. This method uses the dissected displacement field, in which a distribution can be made between the fast and slow changing components. The stress and strain components, which are related to separate displacement components, can be calculated in the micro structure sum. The mechanism of this homogenization method is the same for the first order homogenization method, but in the first order homogenization method the displacement field will not be distributed in different components. That distribution of the displacement field in the ‘Micromorphic homogenization’ result in that the macro structure sum which can consider the non-local effects. That is extremely important for the mechanical metamaterials and was the motivation for the development of this method. Between 1998 and 2002, far before the mechanical metamaterials are studied in the MoM-group, associate professor Varvare Kouznetsova worked on the homogenization method which included the non-local effects of the material by calculating the material behaviour. This method, called the second-order homogenization, is well received in the research community and is used to homogenize the material behaviour on a relatively small scale. The power of the second order homogenization is that it considers the macroscopic variation in the strain on the micro sum. In the simple first order homogenization method only the strain on the micro sum is used. Despite the age and the international awareness, the second order method has not yet been widely applied in homogenization of mechanical metamaterials.

Conclusion researchers, is the programmability of the material behaviour. Material properties, like cross contraction coefficient and stiffness, can be steered through changes in the cell structure. Sven Sperling liked it to work with the homogenization method and try to find the link between the mathematical models and the physics. His most valuable lesson was to be sceptical on the homogenization method and other simulation methods to predict the material behaviour. Furthermore, he also enjoyed turning his thesis into a science article, which he hopes to publish during the first months of his PhD. Sven looks back on his master thesis with great satisfaction and he hopes that the mechanical metamaterials will be used more.

Image by: Amolf

Sven Sperling has compared the first order, second order and ‘Micromorphic’ homogenization methodes in their capacity to predict the mechanical behaviour of mechanical metamaterials for his master thesis. Although that the first-order and ‘Micromorphic’ methods were already elaborated in programs, Sven had to implement the second-order homogenization method in MATLAB, which was one of the biggest components after 7 months of work. But to evaluate the results from those models a reference solution is required. The reference is a series of finite element simulations of the entire structure. During the research three different loading cases have been researched and the accent is place on materials with a small number of cells, this results in that there was a focus on non-local behaviour. The most interesting conclusion is that the second-order homogenization method does not predict the turning point in the stress-strain diagram. The ‘Micromorphic’ method can do that, which is shown in the top picture. The principal, capacities and possibilities of the metamaterials is well known in the industry and research communities. Although there are no large-scale practical applications and a lot of research for interesting material properties and simulation techniques is required. A promising aspect, according to

Education

BEST TEACHER AWARDS Every year, the Department of Mechanical Engineering in cooperation with the Mechanical Engineering Study Association Simon Stevin awards for the best Bachelor and Master teacher. After almost four weeks of voting, the winners were clear for the Bachelor and the Master. Both teachers are very enthusiastic and passionate about their job. The winners are nominated TU/e wide education awards, which will be presented during MomenTUm the 27th of September. The nominees of the TU/e education awards and the winners of the education awards of mechanical engineering are Rick de Lange and Jaap den Toonder. Curious about the winner, read more about them on pages Rick de Lange

Jaap den Toonder

Winner of: 2019 Mechanical Engineering Best Bachelor Teacher Award

Winner of: 2019 Mechanical Engineering Best Master Teacher Award

Courses taught: • Dynamics of Energy Systems – 4EC10 • Engineering Design – 4WBB0 • Design of a Modern Trebuchet – 4GA10

Courses taught: • Heat and Flow in Microsystems – 4EM40 • Micro Fluidics put to work – 4UM10 • Microfabrication methods – 4UM00

Teacher skills: • Enthusiastic and humoristic • Uses new forms of education which stimulates students to learn • Uncontrollable passion for his specialism

Teacher skills: • Uses lots of real life examples during lectures • Uses experimental parts in courses • Very friendly and calm

AVIATION INNOVATION RENEWABLE ENERGY Studentteam AIR/e The teamâ€™s mission is to do research in renewable and powerful energy carriers for future aviation using the latest technology to eventually beat the Guinness World speed record of high speed model aircrafts, currently set at 752 km/h. In addition, this project will contribute to the development of electric airliners in the future and sustainable aviation in general.

Tech

Introduction Team AIR/e is an enthusiastic group of students challenged by the research group of Energy Technology of Mechanical Engineering to develop, construct and experiment with radio controlled model aircrafts. A model aircraft is a small sized unmanned aircraft which can be a replica of an existing aircraft as well. Therefore, small scale radio controlled airplane testing is an efficient way of modelling aerodynamics and control stabilization. Last year, the team tested a delta wing type model aircraft powered by a 10kW EDF (Electric Ducted Fan) at Modelvliegclub Son en Breugel. Using knowledge of tests with this single motor model aircraft the team now had the ambition and experience to completely design and construct their own model airplane. Currently, the team is busy building their new selfdesigned carbon constructed model airplane with Dual Midi EDFs. Similar to the previously used single EDF, those two lightweight Midi EDFs are powered by two 6-cell (22.2V) LiPo batteries with 91 Amps, supplying a combined 4 kW of power and generating approximately 62 Newton of thrust at fan outflow speed of 250 km/h. The power to weight ratio of this Dual Midi EDF model airplane is much higher.

New model Several Bachelor Final Projects that investigated topics such as aerodynamics, construction and propulsion resulted in a new delta-shaped model airplane. This new wing body with a wingspan of 95 centimeters is completely constructed using vacuum bag molding with lightweight carbon fibers using a carbon sandwich with a 2 millimeter special foam layer in-between. To produce the correct wing body shapes, a number of MDF molds were milled with a milling machine (CNC). As a result, an airplane weight reduction of 50% can be achieved due to the lightweight carbon construction compared to a balsa wood and foam sandwich variant that was used to be flown. With this new model aircraft, which will be tested by two of our team members who are RC pilots, the

team wants to fly at least 200 km/h by the end of this summer. The current model airplane speed record of 752 km/h is set by a kerosene powered gas turbine. It is almost impossible to achieve this speed goal electrically, because there is 60 times more energy in one kilogram kerosene than into one kilogram electricity from a LiPo battery. The team is therefore looking for sustainable alternative energy sources to power their model aircraft. A Bachelor Final Project student has recently started analyzing a gas turbine setup, which is a similar model turbine as used in the world record model airplane. Moreover, a test setup with a wind tunnel blower is constructed to analyze several EDFs (10 kW EDF, Midi EDF and even a selfdesigned 3D printed EDF). And a lot of research is done on creating control and stabilization analysis in Matlab-Simulink, to provide pilot assistance and fly autonomous eventually.

Interested? Team AIR/e is constantly growing. We are looking for new talent and enthusiastic students with new innovative ideas to develop the ultimate model aircraft and contribute to sustainable aviation. Bachelor Final and Graduation Projects on construction and aerodynamics, control and stabilization, energy conversion and sustainability, or electrical systems: all improved components finally contribute to an even faster aircraft. You can also come up with your own project assignment suggestions. Rick the Lange, the well-known Engineering Design teacher who is recently chosen by Mechanical Engineering students as the winner of the best Bachelor teacher, is our team supervisor and will be your project supervisor as well. So, are you looking for an interesting Bachelor Final or Graduation Project, or are you bursting with innovative ideas and are you not afraid to roll up your sleeves for some creative or practical work at times? This is your chance! Join our team, do not hesitate and contact us or Rick de Lange and come and admire our new AIR/ecraft soon! www.air-e.nl

Image by: Bart van Overbeeke

Career

REACH FOR THE STARS

Career

In the beginning of this year, Atlas was officially opened. The new Building is the leader for the most sustainable education building of the world on the BREEAM-list. There are several special features in the building, for example: the so called ‘Nachtspoeling’. This ‘nachtspoeling’ is an automatic system which opens the windows to refresh the air in the room. Besides the innovative techniques, there is a great view on the eleventh floor to see the rest of Eindhoven. This view is the result of the glass outer wall of the building. This glass ensures tropical temperatures inside the building. So if you are cold all the time, it is best to establish yourself in Atlas. In general most people have to get used to the new building, but at least it is sustainable and gives a tropical feeling!

Career

VDL ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES GROUP WRITTEN BY SANDOR HABETS

VDL Enabling Technologies Group is an engineering and manufacturing company with a presence all over the world. With its headquarters here in Eindhoven, almost every Mechanical Engineering student has heard of this company. Unfortunately, not every student seems to know what this company does and has to offer. Therefore, I was glad to get the opportunity to visit the headquarters of VDL ETG and to talk with Glenn Roozing and Guido Smits about their work at this company. VDL Enabling Technologies Group VDL Enabling Technologies Group can be described as a â€˜tierone contract manufacturing partnerâ€™ that operates on a global scale. They design and produce complex and innovative modules and systems to contribute to the further development of computer chips, to eliminate diseases, to research the universe and to understand cells and molecules. VDL ETG operates in the following markets: equipment for the semiconductor industry, thin-film deposition equipment for photovoltaic solar cells, analytical instruments, medical systems, science & industry and mechanization projects. The costumers of this company have a

leading role in high-tech manufacturing equipment and make use of advanced production lines. For these customers, VDL ETG offers a range of services that include research & development, engineering, prototyping and serial manufacturing of products. Furthermore, VDL ETG provides customer-specific production mechanization. This company has nine locations in five countries: Eindhoven, Almelo, Hengelo, Switzerland, Singapore, China and USA. The combination of engineering and high-tech production facilities under one roof make VDL ETG a unique employer with lots of growth opportunities for its employees.

Career Glenn Roozing Glenn Roozing is a Mechanical Engineer at VDL ETG. He studied Mechanical Engineering at the University of Twente. He obtained his Master’s degree in this field of study, specializing in design engineering. Before VDL, he worked as a Research and Development Engineer at Auto Elect, a company that specializes in hydraulic and electric power steering. He started working for VDL ETG Technology & Development in January last year. A major factor for Glenn’s decision to work for VDL ETG was the project-based approach of the company. Glenn pointed out that one of the biggest advantages of project-based work is the flexibility of freedom of choice you have. Together with your competence manager you search for the work that fits best. Glenn enjoys working at VDL ETG, because products you develop are produced, assembled and tested under the same roof, which gives you a unique link with your own product. Since production takes place at the same location as the development, you are also heavily involved with the manufacturability of parts. Glenn aims to make use of the career opportunities within the company and to work as a lead engineer or project architect one day.

Wafer handler VDL ETG collaborates with a lot of different OEM companies. Through this cooperation, many OEM companies have been able to focus on their core technology and to outsource the other innovations to their partner VDL ETG. Usually, a customer approaches VDL ETG with a number of specifications and the actual development is left up to VDL. Through this approach, VDL has acquired extensive knowledge in the domains of ultrahigh vacuum, accurate positioning and handling of delicate substrates. An important business collaboration is the one

between VDL ETG and ASML. Since 2014, VDL is responsible for the design and manufacturing of the wafer handler. A wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor and is used for fabrication of integrated circuits, important for the production of computer chips amongst other things. A wafer handler makes sure to condition these wafers and to position them with an extremely accurate precision. To optimize the production process, there are strict requirements regarding the environment in which the wafers are handled and stored. Therefore, these wafers are kept in a clean room. A clean room is a controlled facility resistant to any contamination, either internal or external. To uphold the high precision and reliability of these handlers, a clean room will prevent particles, dust or bacteria to affect the quality of the product. A so-called Temperature Stability Unit or TSU is used to pre-align wafers and to stabilize the temperature of wafers with a certain cleanliness (defectivity). The part of this project in which Glenn was involved, investigated the contamination of the wafers as a result of using such TSU. Glenn examined whether the TSU blows particles against the back of the wafer. With a complex test set up and using a particle counter, the effects on different materials and coatings were tested. Glenn was responsible for the mechanical contribution to the project, in this case the development of the test setup. Glenn considered this project to be very interesting, because the entire project dealt with only around 28 particles that are not even visible. This made the project a real challenge for everyone involved.

EUV light source (the vessel) Since 2011, VDL ETG has been producing the EUV light source, also known as the vessel, for ASML’s EUV lithography machines. In the vessel drops of liquid tin are released in a vacuum chamber. The tin drops are shot with a laser releasing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. The EUV light is focused using a mirror and enters the lithography machine where it is used to create structure on the wafers. VDL ETG is currently starting up the production of the new generation of vessels. This is the largest project at VDL ETG at the moment. Most employees are involved in this project one way or another. In just over a year, the new vessel went from a conceptual design to a finished product. ASML and VDL ETG have collaborated closely to achieve this. The first vessels are now in production.

Guido Smits Guido Smits works as a Quality Engineer at VDL Enabling Technologies Group on the EUV source and the wafer handler projects. He obtained his Bachelor of Science in Automotive Engineering at the HAN University of Applied Sciences, specializing in Automotive Development. After that he pursued his Master’s degree in Materials Science & Engineering at Delft University of Technology. Guido got in touch with VDL for the first time during one of the Meet & Greet events. At these Meet & Greet events, a variety of companies from VDL Groep present themselves. During the event, informal interviews between

companies and applicants are organized. This allows both the applicant and VDL to get to know each other and see if there is a match. Afterwards there is more room to chat whilst enjoying some drinks. In August 2018, Guido began to work for VDL ETG. The opportunity to work in different markets and sectors at the same time is something he finds really enjoyable about working at VDL ETG. It allows him to work on different projects for a variety of customers. Seeing such complex machines go from drawing to an actual product and being so closely involved in designing the production process is something he really enjoys. The fast pace of some projects also means you can really challenge yourself at VDL ETG. The informal yet professional atmosphere is also something he enjoys. Guido describes his job at VDL ETG as a â€˜hybrid-functionâ€™. Next to being a quality engineer, he often helps out with problems related to materials science. This means he is sometimes involved with a project in multiple ways. Usually he works on the quality assurance side of the production process, but he also uses his the skills and knowledge from his studies to go in depth on technical details when necessary. This provides a good connection between his studies and his job.

Quality Engineer At VDL ETG a quality engineers job is to assure all products are made and assembled according to customer specifications and improve processes such that the quality is assured. They collaborate closely with manufacturing engineers who are responsible for the technological content of the project. Together they identify risks during manufacturing and design or adjust a production process to mitigate these risks. For example by adjusting the order of operations, identify the need for special tooling, define intermediate checks or propose design changes. Whilst the manufacturing engineers concern themselves with all technical challenges, the quality engineer monitors the progression and ensures all risks are mitigated in time.

VDL Groep VDL Enabling Technologies Groep is part of VDL Groep, an international industrial family business, headquartered in Eindhoven. VDL Groep consists of 104 companies, operating in 20 different countries and has more than 1700 employees. VDL Groep was founded in 1953 and initially specialized in metalworking. The company later expanded to plastics processing, the development, manufacture and sale of buses and coaches, and high-tech subcontracting for the semiconductor industry and others. Currently, the companies within VDL Groep can be broken down into four divisions: Subcontracting, Car Assembly, Buses & Coaches and Finished Products. VDL ETG is part of the subcontracting division. VDL Groep is a key player in the subcontracting and semifinished products sector and produces its own products such as suspension systems, heat exchangers and container handling

systems. In addition, the company is active in automotive factory automation. VDL Groep owns the only large passenger car assembly factory in the Netherlands, VDL Nedcar.

Interested? Are you intrigued by all the complex projects that VDL works on and by what this company has to offer? For more information about this high-tech company and the possibilities for you within VDL, visit the website www.vdlgroep.com and www. werkenbijvdl.nl. You can also send an e-mail to this address: recruitment@vdl.nl

Education

PROGRAM DIRECTOR

Hans Kuerten

On May 1 I officially succeeded Camilo Rindt as the program director of the bachelor and master Mechanical Engineering. I have to confess that I did not study Mechanical Engineering. Instead, I studied Physics and the University of Utrecht. After that I did my PhD in Eindhoven at the Department of Applied Physics. Then I moved to the University of Twente and since 1998 I am back in Eindhoven at the Department of Mechanical Engineering. I started in the group Process Technology headed by Bert Brouwers. A few years after his retirement this group merged with the Combustion Technology group and is now led by Niels Deen and called Power and Flow. My research topic is two-phase flow and I mainly do numerical research, for example on particles in turbulent flow, on boiling phenomena and on evaporation of droplets. Applications are separation of different types of plastic from a waste stream and inkjet printing. Since I became program director I donâ€™t have much time left to do research, but I still supervise five PhD students and also BEP master students. Many of you probably know me better from the courses I teach. Together with Camilo Rindt I teach the second-year bachelor course Heat and Flow and

together with Harald van Brummelen the master course Advanced Engineering Mathematics. The combination of teaching and research and making young people enthusiastic are the things that attract me most in working at a university. About a year ago Camilo told me that he wanted to put down some of his tasks as program director and at the same time I got the opportunity to follow a program on educational leadership organized by the University of Utrecht. I always was interested in teaching and learning and this combination motivated me to candidate for the open position. From March I gradually took Camiloâ€™s tasks over and since then I try to learn about MAP and all regulations we have. My most important hobby is music. I play cello and since 20 years I do this in the Philips Symfonie Orkest. We give performances several times a year, mostly in Eindhoven and Amsterdam, also every year a family concert at TU/e. Apart from that I like walking and riding bike, which I do almost every day from my home town Helmond to Eindhoven. Gemini-South 2.147 J.G.M.Kuerten@tue.nl

Association

GRINDING MY GEARS:

Op zoek naar jouw innerlijke Werktuigbouwer

Het was een warme namiddag toen een aantal leden van de redactie op pad gingen om nietsvermoedende studenten te overvallen met een zestal werktuigkundige vragen. Het doel: een schatting maken welke studie het beste kan denken als werktuigbouwer. Hoe hebben deze jongens dat gedaan hoor ik u denken; je kunt immers niet zomaar kennis testen die andere studenten nooit hebben bestudeerd. Dat klopt helemaal! Het is daarom dat wij juist onze focus gelegd hebben op het stellen van vragen waar een zekere denkwijze voor nodig is, inzicht, als het ware. Hiervoor zijn wij afgedaald naar de kelder van Gemini, naar de geliefde borrelruimte van de W.S.V.: De Weeghconst. Hier kom je toch geen andere studies tegen? Normaliter gaat dat eerder per uitzondering dan regel. Deze zomerse middag kwam het lot ons tegemoet: Protagoras organiseerde een kroegentocht die alle studenten van de TU/e uit hun natuurlijke habitat zou trekken. Dus gingen wij op pad, hieronder de schokkende resultaten. GESCHREVEN DOOR LEX VERBERNE & NOUD BOONEN

Vraag 1: Hoeveel nulstaven zitten er in deze constructie? 10

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Dit was een pittige vraag, deze vraag bestond namelijk eigenlijk uit een extra vraag ‘Wat is een nulstaaf eigenlijk?’. Toch konden veel studenten deze vraag snel ontcijferen zodra ze de constructie zagen. Bliksemsnelle calculaties werden gedaan en er werd veel overlegd. Weinig groepen hadden deze vraag goed (9 nulstaven), maar de manier waarop de nulstaven bepaald werden leek toch in de buurt te komen van hetgeen wat iedere werktuigbouwer in één van de eerste weken van de studie leert, te zijn dat een nulstaaf een staaf is waar geen kracht op werkt. Chapeau! Hier moet wel opgemerkt worden dat niet iedere groep deze vraag snel kon beantwoorden, één groep heeft zo’n zes minuten gedaan over deze vraag! Dat was maar goed, want de interviewers konden zo ook een biertje halen aan de bar.

Vraag 1: Hoeveel nulstaven zitten er in deze constructie?

Antwoord op vraag 1

Vraag 2: Het is een warme dag en het is blafheet (lees: erg warm) op je kamer, heeft het zin om je koelkast open te zetten om je kamer af te koelen? Het gros van de studenten kon hierop een antwoord geven waar wij als interviewers tevreden van werden: een goede technische analyse van het probleem. Enkele anderen dachten verder dan de vraag, zij dachten aan het grotere geheel. Antwoorden als ‘Dat is slecht voor het milieu!!!’ waren niet zeldzaam bij studenten van Lucid (lees: Industrial Design). Zij hadden dan ook zeker gelijk, het is slecht voor het milieu én het schiet niet eens op, het verwarmt je kamer zelfs alleen maar! Het aankomende bestuur had voor deze vraag lang nodig: het was een mengelmoes van Yuri Copal die een serieuze analyse probeerde te maken van het probleem: “Dit is thermodynamica, dat kan ik je wel vertellen.” en aan de andere kant Nicky Verheijen: “Ligt Gelijk: Wiskunde eraan, wil je het milieu naar de tering helpen?!”. De vaardigheid van dit bestuur om meerdere kanten van Nee + extra: BMT, Data Science een probleem te bekijken zal ze veel helpen volgend jaar. Éen student Ja: PT was vooral bezorgd om haar eten, dus ze wilde de koelkast niet open zetten, +1 voor deze meid. Nee: 2x WTB, 2x Wiskunde, ICT (Fontys), BMT, ID, TBK, HBO WTB

Vraag 3: Welke schroef is de beste? Dan nu een vraag over de praktijk-kant van de werktuigbouwkunde, een vraag waar veel deelnemers ons van verweten dat ze deze vraag onmogelijk konden beantwoorden doordat hier kennis voor nodig was. Niet iedereen deelde deze visie, een aantal teams gingen namelijk snel in beraad om een aantal factoren te analyseren: met name het aantal hoeken die de schroefkop heeft en wat voor een invloed dat zou hebben op het moment wat je kunt uitoefenen. Dit was dan ook de correcte manier om dit probleem op te lossen, zo zou je namelijk terecht

komen bij de Torx schroef. Twee wiskundige ingenieurs keken echter heel anders naar het probleem: zij kozen voor de Torx kop, want die krijg je er nooit meer uit. “Daar sta je dan met je kruiskopschroevendraaier.” Anderen keken gelijk naar het plaatje en merkten op dat er niet alleen schroeven op het papiertje voor hun neus stonden, er staat ook een plug op! Bonuspunten voor deze heldere geesten.

Inbus: Wiskunde Plat Kruis: ICT (Fontys), Wiskunde Torx: 2x WTB, Wiskunde, 2x BMT, PT, ID, TBK, HBO WTB, Data Science

Vraag 4: Waar staat de afkorting ‘RVS’ voor? Dit was een vraag waar enige kennis voor nodig was, al is deze ook op te lossen door even logisch na te denken. RVS, wat is dat nou precies? Het is niet roestvrij, omdat er een laagje oxidatie op zit, waardoor de rest van het materiaal niet zo snel aangetast wordt door roest. Deze vraag werd echter snel en vol zelfvertrouwen beantwoord, zelfs al werd ie compleet fout gedaan. RoestVASTstaal: WTB, Wiskunde, BMT, ID, HBO WTB RoestVRIJstaal: 2x Wiskunde, WTB (Aankomend Bestuur), ICT (Fontys), BMT, PT, TBK, Data Science

Association

Vraag 5: Waarom is een tafel op vier poten wel stabiel, maar een kruk op vier poten niet? Misschien wel de ingewikkeldste vraag van allemaal, een vraag over de constructieprincipes die de werktuigbouwkunde kent. Een vak waar menig W-student dan ook frequent wakker van ligt. Valt deze vraag dan toch te beantwoorden zonder dit vak gevolgd te hebben? Uit de resultaten zien we dat dit toch zeker het geval is! De studenten van Wiskunde, ID en ICT mogen trots zijn op hun afgevaardigden, zij hebben ons namelijk verteld dat dit fenomeen allemaal komt doordat het tafelblad meebeweegt en daardoor alle poten op de vloer blijven staan. Al keken vrijwel alle teams eerst verslagen om zich heen, uiteindelijk kwamen er antwoorden boven drijven uit het diepst van het bewustzijn. Sommigen schreven hele vergelijkingen op die te maken hadden met de kracht Fout: 2x Wiskunde, BMT, WTB (Aankomend Bestuur), BMT, PT, TBK, HBO (Fontys), Data Science en de arm van de zijkanten van de tafel, anderen keken nog steeds om Goed: WTB, Wiskunde, ICT (Fontys), ID, zich heen en zeiden daarna maar het eerste wat in ze opkwam. Tussen de foute antwoorden zaten wel een paar interessante theorieën. Protagoras bijvoorbeeld, tekende dit op ons blaadje: Volgens hen had het allemaal te maken met de hoek die de diagonalen van de tafel en kruk zouden maken. Een theorie waarvan zelfs wij stil werden, al was het niet omdat we onder de indruk waren van het antwoord. Andere antwoorden gingen in op het feit dat tafels ‘nou eenmaal steviger gebouwd zijn’, waarna dit pareltje uitgesproken werd: “meer massa is meer beter.” Ik kan het niet meer met je eens zijn, willekeurige student.

Vraag 6: Wat is de tweede wet van Newton? Het maakt niet uit welke studie je volgt, we studeren hier allemaal aan een Technische Universiteit. Daarom zouden we allemaal deze vraag moeten kunnen dromen. Toch bleek dit niet het geval, veel studenten raakten in de war met andere wetten van de bekende natuurkundige, zoals actie = - reactie. Dit doet ons vermoeden dat zij bij het vak TNW geen optimale prestatie hebben geleverd. Éen studente gaf wel een heel raar antwoord, zij dreunde de albekende formule van Einstein op. Het was echter al laat op de middag en ze had een reeks lege glazen voor haar neus staan, dus we geven haar het voordeel Anders: ICT (Fontys), PT, HBO WTB, Data Science van de twijfel. Het goede antwoord was uiteraard F = ma, deze formule wordt veel gebruikt in de analyse van F = m*a: 2x WTB, 3x Wiskunde, 2x BMT, ID, TBK, bewegende objecten of systemen.

Conclusie

De eerste conclusie die we kunnen trekken uit dit avontuur is dat werktuigbouwers vervelend en arrogant gevonden worden, als zij vragen gaan stellen waar andere mensen niet zomaar een antwoord op weten. We werden meerdere malen verweten dat we dit alleen deden om beter over onszelf te voelen omdat wij zo slim zijn. Wie weet is dat onderbewust wel een reden geweest om dit onderzoek uit te voeren, wie zal het weten. We studeren immers geen psychologie.

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Uit de resultaten zien we dat de wiskundigen in Eindhoven aan alle kanten van het spectrum zitten, al zitten de ingenieurs van wiskunde aan de hoge kant hiervan. Wellicht komt dat door hun ervaring bij VDL, wellicht komt het wel omdat ze gewoon daadwerkelijk werktuigkundige inzichten in zich hebben. Een onverwachtse in de top drie is het team van ID’ers, die toch algemeen gezien wat minder worden gezien als echte technici. Misschien moeten we ze na deze steekproef wat meer respect geven voor hun technische kern. Ook in de top drie staat BMT, dat is natuurlijk wel logisch, deze studenten delen een gebouw met de W-studenten, dus ze krijgen veel invloeden van deze groep mee, waardoor zij het ook onverwachts erg goed gedaan hebben!

De uiteindelijke conclusie is als volgt: werktuigkundige vragen stellen aan studenten van andere faculteiten, die een drankje op hebben, levert leuke taferelen op. ‘Stay tuned’ voor de volgende GRINDIING MY GEARS!

Image by: Otto van de Ven

THE ORIGINAL SWAPFIETS Test track WRITTEN BY NOAH TABOR

How could one have a bicycle which requires no work at all? How could one not enjoy maintaining and repairing their own bike? It is the nightmare of every thoroughbred mechanical engineering student: a Swapfiets. Apparently more and more people make the deal with the devil, since the bicycle parking areas across the university campus become more colorful by the week. Coming August the prices for a Swapfiets membership are going to rise. Will the Swapfiets stand its ground or will we see another shift in studentâ€™s bicycle ownership?

Costs Let’s talk money first. The raise in price is quite small but makes you think about the choice for a Swapfiets anyway. What used to be 12 euros per month will be 13 euros and 50 cents for students. To put this in perspective, an increase of about one single beer. The service includes multiple things but it all comes down to the fact that the customer should not worry about maintenance. When the bike breaks down you get a new one within a day. Everybody thinks about money differently. Objectively minimum wage is about 10 euros an hour for a 21 year old, so it is just over an hours work for a month.

Looks Much can be said about a Swapfiets. However, there is one thing you have to admit to, it is strikingly colorful. Most bikes come in bright colors with bright chain locks and all come with the signature blue front tire. Some people may find this hideous but on the other hand it brightens up the otherwise somewhat grey and boring bicycle world. Do not mistake bright and colorful with recognizable though. Because of the quantities in which they exist in the Dutch urban areas it is easy to lose one in a flurry of inattention. For instance, after a long absence it is vital to remember where your bike is situated at the train

station. Otherwise call Sherlock Holmes in advance to track it down.

Driving A Swapfiets is a really simple bicycle. It does neither have gears nor does it have hand brakes. It is an understatement to say: ‘it is not close to being a torsion stiff bicycle’. This makes the Swapfiets very unsuitable for relatively long distance voyages. However, this is not in the slightest what it is meant to do. The real purpose of the Swapfiets is being a bicycle for one’s daily commute. The drawbacks that prevent it from being a comfortable

long distance traveler help it with being an urban area cruiser. The sweet spot is located just above 15 kilometers an hour. An ideal speed for city traffic from and to the university. Cycle much harder than this though and it will feel like you are trying to create a tornado around your own bottom bracket. The fact that the Swapfiets does not have a luggage carrier at the back does not hurt it because there is one on the front, which is actually a nicer spot to put your bag. One could question the potential to carry another person with you. With a little practice this will not be a problem though.

Tech

Conclusion

To keep a normal bicycle functioning properly and riding nicely it needs regular maintenance. This is no different for a Swapfiets. However, since it is never your own bike and it is within the paid for service nobody will do this by themselves. A lot of people wait until the bicycle breaks before changing it around for a

new example. This is not the way to go. If the bicycle breaks down, it will inevitably be at an inconvenient time. Therefore the smart thing to do is switching it around within a definite time period. The right time period for this is approximately 6 months. After this the lack of maintenance is noticeable.

On the whole, it is almost impossible to imagine a modern university campus without the Swapfiets everywhere. The colorful bicycle equivalent of a private lease automobile has earned a place in our bike parking. Honestly speaking, it has some drawbacks which prevent it from being a very practical and comfortable long distance traveler. On the other side, it takes away a lot of trouble when your bike breaks down and maintenance is completely out of your hands. Therefore if repairing a bike is something you enjoy stay away from Swapfiets. Despite that, calling someone to deliver a new bike to you any day is a luxury. Every luxury comes with a price though. In this case the price is 12 euros a month and will soon be 13 euros and 50 cents. Some students may think this is a lot for a bicycle. But realistically looking at the math provides answers. An hour repairing and maintaining a normal bike every month to keep it running is not strange. Add the laziness of most students to that and the chance of the Swapfiets disappearing from the streets melts like snow in the sun.

Venilia: Espresso brownie Op 7 juli is het weer zo ver, de dag van de chocolade. Voor alle vrouwen en stiekem ook voor veel mannen een heugelijke dag. Ben jij er al op voorbereid? GESCHREVEN DOOR ESTHER VAN DER AA

Association

Hoewel men bij werktuigbouwkunde vaak aan beunhazen, mannen en machines denkt, heeft W.S.V. Simon Stevin er sinds afgelopen jaar ook een vrouwendispuut bij gekregen. Zoals we in de afgelopen openME al schreven, is damesdispuut Venilia een belangrijke mijlpaal voor vrouwen binnen werktuigbouwkunde. Sinds de oprichting van het damesdispuut, zijn we er eigenlijk achter gekomen dat bij vrijwel alle vrouwen een heel belangrijk ding op nummer één staat, namelijk eten! Sluit aan bij onderling gesprek van de dames en je zult er al snel achter komen dat dit dan ook vaak over eten gaat. Wat echter ook vaak met vrouwen geassocieerd wordt, is chocolade. We hoeven niet onder stoelen of banken te steken dat de meesten van ons, hier ook wel van houden op zijn tijd. Nu komt een belangrijke dag aan voor alle chocolade liefhebbers: de Wereld Chocolade Dag! Op 7 juli 1550 werd er voor het eerst chocolade geïntroduceerd in Europa en dit heugelijke feit kunnen we natuurlijk niet onopgemerkt voorbij laten gaan. Aangezien het grootste deel van de lezers van de openME mannelijk is willen we hen graag een handje helpen, want op deze dag wil je natuurlijk wel iets lekkers (natuurlijk van chocolade) voor je vriendin maken! Hieronder dan ook het recept van heerlijke Espresso Brownies, dat zo simpel is dat iedereen ze kan maken. Ze zijn niet alleen simpel, maar, niet geheel onbelangrijk, ook nog eens super lekker! Dus, bakkers klaar, bakken maar!

Espresso brownie Ingrediënten: • 225 gram gezouten boter • 400 gram suiker • 30 gram espresso oploskoffie • 4 eieren • 185 gram bloem • 100 gram cacaopoeder (ongezoet) • Eventueel chocolate chips Bereidingswijze: 1. Verwarm de oven voor op 180 graden. 2. Smelt de boter in de magnetron. Haal de boter er tussendoor uit en roer door om ervoor te zorgen dat deze niet verbrandt. 3. Roer de suiker erdoor. Wanneer dit goed gemengd is, kan je de oploskoffie toevoegen en mixen. Als dit goed gemixt is, kan je ook de eieren toevoegen. Tot slot voeg je de bloem en cacaopoeder toe en mix je dit goed. 4. Als laatste roer je er nog wat zeezout en eventueel de chocolate chips doorheen. 5. Doe dit in een bakblik en zet het in de oven voor 30 minuten. Kijk met een satéprikker hoe zacht de binnenkant is. Als deze nog een beetje zacht is, zijn de brownies klaar! 6. Enjoy!

QUALITY ME Every year the study Mechanical Engineering is evaluated by the National Student Survey. Most student are happy about their study, that is why they gave an average score of 4.1 out of 5. The score is not perfect, so the department is constantly looking for extra improvements and maintaining the strong points of the study. Written by Maartje Borst Quality of education This quality education is supervised by different groups within the department. In all of these groups, students are represented, because students have a different view than teachers and staff. Within the department of Mechanical Engineering, three major groups look at the quality of the study and regulation of the department. These groups are the student councils, program committee and the faculty council. If you are interested to help improving the education, by joining the student council of program committee, you can mail to onderwijs@ simonstevin.tue.nl

Student Council

Program Committee

Faculty Council

The student councils is organized by the study association, Simon Stevin. For every year of the Bachelor, different student councils exist. The student council consist of six to eight students. Within these meetings all details of the course are discussed, for example the interim test, the lectures, etc. The feedback of the students will be communicated with the department and the responsible teacher, so improvements can be made, also during the quartile.

The Program Committee consist out of a delegation of students and teachers, both for the Bachelor and the Master. In this committee the quality of education and the way it is organized is discussed. The Program Committee provides advice on the design of the curricula, quality assurance and policy-making.

The task of the faculty council is to follow the affairs of the department closely, submit proposals and express positions to the Faculty Board. This council only consist of students, which are elected during the election of the university and faculty council.

Education

Course Evaluation As Commissioner of Education, course evaluations are one of the most important aspects of the job. Every course is evaluated on the basis of the Student Councils and the Course Evaluations. These evaluations are discussed with the members of the Program Committee and discussed with the responsible teachers to see what can be improved and how. Every course is evaluated during and at the end of the quartile. The results of some courses are presented on the following pages. Green symbols indicate scores above the goal, yellow symbols indicate sufficient scores under the goal and red symbols indicate insufficient scores. Below an overview of the new curriculum of 2019-2020 can be found.

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

Calculus

Applied Natural Sciences

Data Analystics for engineers

USE base

Mechanics

Dynamics

Introduction transport Phenomena

Structure and Properties of Materials

Intro Mechanical Engineering

Elective

Peristaltic pump

Elective

Engineering Design

Dynamics and Control of Mechanical Systems

Solid Mechanics

Heat and Flow

Signals and Systems

Thermodynamics

Combustion Engine

Robotarm

Elective

Computational Mechanics

Design Principles

Elective

OGO Computer Aided Engineering

Analysis of Production Systems

Bachelor End project

Elective

Mechnical Design Project

Elective

Dynamics and control of mechanical systems

Structure and properties of materials

6,8

7,7 6,8

20%

147

20%

>140

Feedback: • Lectures are very enthusiastic • Interested and relevant subject • Provide the solutions and answers of the homework to the students

Feedback: • The subject matters • Good structure of the course • More clarity on which theory is important.

Improvements: • The course will be redesigned next year. In this new setup Digital Formative assessments will be available, in which the homework will be integrated. • There were some problems with the in-lecture quizzes, so the lecturers are looking for a solution to keep the 0,5 bonus points.

Improvements: • No big changes were needed, nice see that the effort put into the course is appreciated by the students. • The course will be thought in English in 2019-2020.

Experimentation for mechanical engineers

30%

6,6

Feedback: • Useful and interesting assignment. • Good readers. • More even difficulty of level for all assignments

151

Improvements: • Compared to the results of previous year an immense improvement is made. The lecturers will see if anything comes up during the re-take.

Introduction mechanical engineering and truss structure

Powertrains

20% 15%

6,0

Feedback: • Too much effort for 2.5 ECTS. • Good application of theory. • More clarity in the assignment and what is expected in the final assessment. Improvements: • The course will not be taught anymore, but Bart Somers will take this in consideration for the master course 4AT060 of which this is part of. He is happy about the improvements compared to last year.

36% 20%

6,4 140

Feedback: • The course has a very practical application of the theory. • Final exam should not be multiple choice questions. • The variety of subjects gave a good introduction of mechanical engineering. Improvements: • A team of staff is formed to help by setting up the exam. • The testing of the truss structures will be more safe than last year, due to an accident.

Computer aided engineering

30%

6,6

Feedback: • Good improvement in student appreciation compared to last year. • Groups were unevenly distributed. • During the project a lot of repetitive simulations had to be done

149

Improvements: • A meeting is planned with the ESA to discuss the issue in order to avoid the unevenly distributed groups. • Next year the repetitive simulations can and should be reduced.

Tech

HYPERLOOP, JUST A HYPE? Written by Freek Janssen

Earlier on you might have read about the promising prospects in the form of the hyperloop. Started off as an idea by Elon Musk, owner of both Tesla and SpaceX, the technology has evolved since then. But have we simply been neglecting the alternatives, or the doubts about the high speed electric train? Earlier on you might have read about the promising prospects in the form of the hyperloop. Started off as an idea by Elon Musk, owner of both Tesla and SpaceX, the technology has evolved since then. Recent test results suggest implementation within society is just around the corner. But is it really the inevitable future, or is it mostly a hype? For decades it is within human nature to speculate about the possibilities of the future, especially when it comes to tech. A century ago people for example predicted everyone to have a personal helicopter, and to be educated by putting on a special kind of headset instead of attending the traditional classes we are still used to. One of the more recent main topics of upcoming high tech is transport. Whether it is about space travel and

the seemingly impossible goal of reaching the speed of light, or about travel on earth, every now and then there is some scientific breakthrough regarding the subject. One of the more recent and well known ones is the hyperloop. Especially since this technology shows signs of being ready for implementation. But with all the hype comes skepticism. And that is exactly what this article is about. Big players in the market spread the belief that in a few years one might already be sitting in a pod, crossing the half of Europe in a matter of a few hours. But is that really the case, or have we simply been neglecting the alternatives, or the doubts about the high speed electric train?

Tech Technical point of view To start off, the hyperloop is examined from a technical point of view. A long tube has to be kept at vacuum pressure in order to minimize the friction the pod will experience. The tubes are hundreds of kilometers long, one leak might result in heavy fluctuations of air pressure and thereby sudden changes in the local environment around the pod. Poor construction could also result in the tube imploding over time. Current big players in the market of course address these safety questions. The tube is supposedly made out of compartments, which can be closed off from one another in case there is a leak, reducing the damage it could cause. There is no doubt that the safety demands can simply be met with proper execution of the building process. The real question is at what cost. As has become clear from recent, comparable projects like the autonomous car, real-life implementation will be monitored severely. Every mistake, big or small, will get attention. To make sure the amount of faults are kept to a minimum, the companies will need to take additional, costly safety measures. Who will eventually repay the price? Exactly, the customers. If you have seen a hyperloop in action, you might recall a long, straight tube with barely any change of altitude or direction. Like the conventional train, the hyperloop will not be able to take sharp corners in sideways, or upward direction. This is no big deal at first thought, the tube could be constructed in a straight line connecting the two stations, what does this mean for hilly landscapes like for example Switzerland. Long, expensive tunnels have to be created in order for the train to be able to cross the mountains. It is not impossible, these tunnels are created more often than not, but it would certainly be costly and time consuming, delaying, if not cancelling the construction of a hyperloop system. Then there is the issue of capacity. Replacing current means of transportation will be nearly impossible. Unlike a railroad train, these pods will have much less seats on board. Even though the frequency of departure can be very high, it is going to be tough to fit all people in these tubes every morning. An undesired result of the scarcity of seats is of course the price the consumer will have to pay. In the early days only the large companies will profit from the hyperloop, while for the general public it will much more feel like a rollercoaster attraction. Even if the first trajectories would be opened in a few years, one can count at least five years on top of that before

the general public will come as far as to consider the option of taking the pod. For business usage or even transportation of goods the hyperloop could initially prove to be a very efficient and fast option. For the general public one must however be careful with expectations, as current promising reports from the large hyperloop companies are maybe not directly meant for them.

Financial impact Like with any major technological development, the financial impact it could have on many cooperate entities could have adverse effects. The United States might be leading development for the hyperloop at the moment, but how will that effect the car-loving culture that America is famous for? How would an electric train impact the enormous economy that is the oil and gasoline industry? The past has shown that as long as climate change is not top priority, large players in these industries are rarely supporting ideas like the hyperloop, as long as it is not profitable for them. One of the reasons the current development of high speed trains is lacking in the United States are the influences of these industries. Unlike Eastern Asia and also Europe, there is no high speed rail located anywhere in America. Have they simply been neglecting the alternatives? Travel by train in the US is often limited to velocities of around 100 km/h. In Europe the option for high-speed rail is already available, reaching over 200 km/h. In Eastern Asia however, especially in China and Japan, the high speed rail already supports travelling over 350 km/h. In Japan the new Maglev model, which uses an electro-magnetic for â€˜floatingâ€™ can already go as fast as 603 km/h, without any tube. The bottleneck in current railroad tech is far from achieved. The new Maglev train in Japan, reaching over 600km/h In the end, the hyperloop might not be as close to reality as is currently stated. That will not stop it from eventually becoming so, why should it? The positive sides of the electrical, frictionless train are certainly there. However, there are also some doubts about the entire project that are to be addressed first. It is too soon to already sell your car or to think that your next trip to Paris will be in a pod. The hype for technology such as this is not totally unjustified, as the sci-fi aspect of this real-life rollercoaster is certainly there. The impact it will eventually have on the average consumer however is still something only time will tell.

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HOW IS LIFE IN...

Waterloo, Canada For my internship I decided to travel to Canada, to work on a project in the Electrical and Computer Engineering department at the University of Waterloo. For me this is the first time travelling outside of Europe, and so far my time on the other side of the world has been pretty good. WRITTEN BY ROBBERT LOUWERS

I arrived in Canada around the time that temperatures were finally starting to rise and the mounds of snow had disappeared. Had I arrived a few weeks earlier, there would have been meters of snow and temperatures somewhere between -20 and -30 degrees Celsius. It took me about a week to sleep off the jetlag, but luckily starting up at the university here was slow-paced.

Internship project For my internship project I have to implement a transverse feedback linearization (TFL) controller on a differential drive

robot. This controller was developed as part of a PhD project and it was validated through simulation that it works. The TFL controller basically follows a line between two specified waypoints on a prescribed path. It defines the system output as the distance that the robot is from the line and drives this output to zero. When the controller has driven the robot within a specified distance from the waypoint, it will switch to a new waypoint, draw the line to it and again drive the system output to zero. This means it will start following the new line. As long as the heading of the robot

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is not normal (orthogonal) to the path, then the controller is well-defined. This makes it so that the angle between the line that is currently being followed and the next line it will follow cannot be bigger than 90o. Not going to much into mathematical detail here, but by smartly designing the gains of the controller, one can guarantee that the path is being followed in a forward direction. The differential drive robot is modelled as a unicycle of which the output is linearized, hence the name of the controller. Linearizing the output results in having only a single control input, the angular velocity. The linear velocity of the unicycle is set to a constant. To show that the TFL controller is better than existing path following controllers, it was compared to a model predictive controller (MPC). Both were assigned the same waypoints and linear velocity. From the simulation results above, it shows that the control effort of the TFL controller is lower than that of the MPC. The next step is to confirm these simulation results through experiments. This is done by implementing both controllers on an actual differential drive robot and letting it drive around. The experiments are performed in the RoboHub, a brand new robotics lab at the University of Waterloo that opened in September 2018.

To get position feedback of the robot, a VICON camera system is used. This system uses cameras which flashes infra-red light to detect markers placed on the robot. By triangulating the data gathered from multiple cameras, as can be seen in the picture in the previous page, the actual position of the robot is determined and thus making it able to follow paths. As an extension to the TFL controller, I am working on a sample based path planner. In a nutshell, this path planner puts sample points in a map, checks which of them are outside any obstacles, creates connections between these points, checks which connections are collision free and then tries to find a path from a start point to an end point using the available connections. The novelty about this path planner is that it is using the controller constraints, the angle between two connections cannot be bigger than 90o, to find the path. This also makes the problem more challenging, since the available connections that you can travel on are dependent on the previous connection you travelled on.

Life in Canada The first thing I noticed when I arrived in Waterloo is that it is a student town. If you walk around outside the downtown area, basically all you see is student housing. The University of Waterloo alone has about 40,000 students. Add the students of the other university and college in town to that and it speaks

for itself that Waterloo is definitely a student town. Given this fact, this means there is always something going on. You can find some drinking buddies or a party to go to most days of the week. By coincidence, I met two other mechanical engineers from the TU/e which are also doing their internship here. Recently we went on a road trip to Kingston, Ottawa and MontrĂŠal with the three of us. You have to take some time for these road trips, since the travel distances are pretty long. Toronto is the nearest big city at about an hour drive. The next big city is Ottawa, which is about a six hour drive. After spending a few weeks here, you get used to the fact you have to travel for about 1-2 hours to get anywhere by car and to have to walk for 30 minutes to get to the nearest Walmart. Looking on the bright side of that, you get your daily dose of exercise by just walking to and from the university every day. There is a lot of things still on my to-do list while Iâ€™m here in Canada. In a few weeks we will go to a baseball game in Toronto and after my internship is done, I will probably fly to the other side of the country to visit Vancouver and hike in the beautiful nature they have over there.

Career

ACCELERATING THE FUTURE Mechanical redesign for lens focus module and design for thermal actuator

Paul van den Hoogenhof (25) finished his study Mechanical Engineering at Eindhoven University of Technology at NTS in the summer of 2018. His challenge was to optimise an existing module of NTS used for defining 3D-topology of the surface structure of silicium wafers. His assignment concerned making the existing module more accurate. During this process he was also asked to investigate if thermomechanical actuation would have an advantage compared to piezoelectric actuation. Both his redesign for the module as his design for the actuator are currently being further developed by NTS. A graduation with a lot of impact.

of a special objective that needs to be moved back and forth very precisely. In this process it is essential that the controlled movement of the objective takes place in a precise and repeatable manner with steps of 50- 80 nm. This requires a right balance between stiffness and straight guide.”

“NTS among others develops optic metrology systems to identify whether wafers change shape because the structure of the surface diverges too much,” Paul explains. “This is extremely important for the quality of the wafers. Minimal deviation is the aim. At the moment that I wanted to graduate, my professor had a couple of research assignments. This one stood out. The other assignments were not that interesting so I had soon made my choice.”

Good match with study

Design of a more accurate module “NTS’ assignment was defined quite clearly namely: ‘our current module for 3D topology definition of wafer surfaces is insufficiently accurate. Design an improved module’. Besides this, NTS had the idea that the piezoelectric controlled actuator that the module contained, could be of a higher quality by using a thermal actuator. A fairly well-defined assignment, but I had a lot of flexibility for a further definition and the execution of the research.”

Right balance

“I developed a mechanic redesign for the module. During the redesign I looked at the performance, frequency, straight guide and stiffness of the module. A subject that matches my study perfectly. At TU/e I chose for the control systems group and the subgroup constructions and mechanisms. Eventually I produced a redesign that is much more specifically aimed at the exact application of the lens focus module.”

I like seeing results “It was a nice, fairly multidisciplinary assignment. I like variation and get little energy out of doing extremely specialised work and I like it when all things come together and I can see results. Without this, to me the feeling of being useful kind of disappears. What I like most is being assigned with a problem and developing a solution for it. At NTS I have made a good first move towards something that eventually can be an alternative to existing technologies.”

“For defining 3D topology, NTS uses interferometry based on phased movement. This is executed by means

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Interview Rick de Lange

What, where, and when did you study? “I studied applied physics at the TU/e and graduated in 1988. I promoted at the combustion section at the faculty of Mechanical Engineering.”

Can you tell something about your career after your Master’s studies? “After my promotion I started working at the faculty of Mechanical Engineering, I’ve worked at the Technical University of Eindhoven ever since. Of course I am a teacher, probably most students know me from the course Engineering Design, a basic course quartile one of the second year. During my period at this university, I also have been program director.” Ooh, I did not know that. “Yeah, I was the program director before Camilo Rindt and Hans Kuerten. I helped chancing

the Bachelor and Master programs and implemented the Bachelor College and Graduate School at the TU/e. That was a really big reorganization.”

Which project do you like the most? I really like three projects. The first project was in cooperation with a company about waste heat recovery in steam boilers and optimizing the cooking behavior. The second project which I am really proud of is a project which has evolved into a student team called Air/e. They are trying to break the world speed record of electric model airplanes. They now already aim to reach a speed of 300 km/h and the current record is 750 km/h. So they have a long way to go. I started this student team myself 3 years ago, and

right now three Bachelor Final Projects and one Master Thesis are involved in the Air/e. The last project I want to talk about is a PhD project for the designing of a soft robot actuator. Using electrical voltage it is possible to make a polymer bend from which we want to create a peristaltic pump. First year students can relate this to the peristaltic pump OGO case.”

What do you like the most about teaching? “The students. I really like to meet new people. The more I get to know these students individually, the more I like it. I also like to create interaction within a lecture hall, where I do my best to make the lectures interesting to all students. The thing I do not like about being a teacheris grading exams.”

What is the funniest moment during you student time? “That is a long time ago. I really liked the study trips to for example Sweden or Prague. Up and until my fourth year I went on several trips with about 30 other students. There we visited companies and universities. In the evening we went to the city to experience the student life in that particular city. One time I went as an co-organizer of the event because I was a board member of the study association, like you are now.” Nice, which function did you have in the board? “I was the secretary in a board for “J.D. van der Waals”.”

Do you have hobbies? “I really like to listen to music, almost all kinds of music. For example Pink Floyd, Green Day and Typhoon. Besides the music, I sport a little just to be fit. I think that gets more important as I get older.”

What do you think about an open office space concerning the renovation of Gemini? “I have never worked in an open office, so I do not know how this is. During my PhD-time I worked with four people in one office. That was never really a problem. If you wanted silence, you just putt on a pair of headphones. Most of the time it is not a problem to work in one office for me. However, I think others could have a problem with me. I have a really loud voice and some people do not like that. Besides that I also do not like the fact that everyone is always lost, because no one has a fixed place to work in an open office.”

Do you have some good advice for students? “As a student you are an owner of your own study, because of the electives you have in the Bachelor College and Graduate School. Find and explore your talents during the program and learn what you want to be.”

Written by Maartje Borst

Printable Electronics Image by: Michael Schwarzenberger

And their modern applications

WRITTEN BY JOËL PEETERS

Thanks to the 4th industrial revolution, manufacturing technology is now improving faster than ever. This includes the development of new technologies like 3D printing and the Internet of Things but also includes the improvement of already existing technologies. One of these technologies is the concept of printable electronics. While the technology itself has been around since 1903, it is now seeing new uses in the fields of flexible and integrated electronics. What are the methods used for making printable electronics, and why are they so attractive in combination with new production techniques? History When the first conventional electronic systems were invented around the year 1880, one problem quickly emerged: electronic systems were expensive to make and production was slow enough to be the bottleneck in the otherwise fast-paced production systems at the time. In 1903, engineer Albert Hanson proposed the usage of copper plates and thick paper to create a system of what he called “printed wires”, which simply relied on stamping out a pattern in a thin copper plate and gluing it to the paper. This method became widely used in 1936 when the

US started using it to produce radios. Since the method was so simple, it was much faster and cheaper than the conventional production of electronic systems. Around the year 1941, printing expert Paul Eisler brought forth a method of printing electronics using a modified typewriter called a Technograph to print conductive ink to a non-conductive substrate. In 1950, his invention would lead to 3 patents whose principles sdominate the printed electronics industry today: “Three-dimensional printed circuits”, “Foil technique of printed circuits” and

Tech

“Powder printing”. The printed circuit board proved to be vital for the production of computers, as both motherboards and microchips could be quickly and accurately produced using the technology.

Inks and powders

new ways. One of these new applications is the production of printed electronics in a new dimension. The basic principle is quite simple: an object is 3D-printed halfway, leaving openings to insert large electrical components. After these are inserted, a conductive ink or polymer is used to print wiring between

Modern electronic printing methods have a massive variety. Simple systems are usually printed using so-called roll-to-roll systems, where a long sheet of non-conductive foil is moved along a roll which imprints a conductive ink upon its surface. These conductive inks are created by infusing graphite or small metal particles into an existing ink. If enough graphite or particles are infused, a network will be formed when the ink

Image by: US Army CCDCU.S.Army CCDC

Image by: Holy Jordan

dries up, so that the material behaves conductively but can still easily be used as a fluid during the production process. Another form of printed electronics applies a conductive powder (usually containing copper) to a sheet, and then uses heat to merge the powder particles both to themselves and to the substrate. Since the composites of materials used in both methods are not fully conductive, but only contain a network of conductive materials, they are much less effective at conducting electricity than conventional metal wires. This is what creates the main drawback of printed electronics compared to conventional electronics: While printed systems are faster and cheaper to produce (for simple electronics), they are less conductive, which means signals pass trough significantly slower. Because these printed systems are printed on a surface they tend to be very flat, which means the quality of the signals they send through is heavily affected by small bums and valleys on the surface of the printed wire. This means using printed electronics for high-tech systems requires a large amount of precision, which in itself has become a major branch of high-tech systems design.

the components, after which the rest of the object is printed. This allows for circuits with more complex 3-dimensional shapes, whereas conventional electronic systems were generally confined to a single plane. This new technology is not without challenges: Printing wires in the layerwise fashion that is standard for additive manufacturing gives problems when a wire needs to be placed perpendicular to the direction of the layers. When each layer contains only the cross-section of a thin wire, the conductivity of the wire is dependent on how well the few drops of ink of a newly applied layer connect with the dried up drops of the previous layer. If these don’t connect well, the wire doesn’t conduct and the circuit doesn’t work.

“While printed systems are faster and cheaper to produce , they are less conductive, which means signals pass trough significantly slower. ”

3D-printed electronics

Modern applications

New manufacturing methods have also allowed for new uses of printed electronics that are already in use. One major usage of printed electronics that has significantly increased over the past decade is that of flexible electronics. Where electronic systems printed on a flexible surface would previously break and fracture easily, new advances in chemistry and production technology allow for the production of electronic products that can be bent without problems. While these systems are not yet without problems (for instance: a certain foldable phone), they show promise for a wide number of uses, from the creation of sensors for clothing to the creation of wear-resistant artificial organs. The production of printable solar panels is another new usage of the technology. These solar panels can be printed at much smaller sizes and using much less material, which makes them ideal for the green recharging of small appliances. Unfortunately, these solar panels are not yet as durable as regular solar panels.

With the rapid development of 3D-printing over the past decade, efforts are being made to make the technology applicable in

Bachelor Final Project Food: flavour and texture

For some reason humans, but probably most animals, are used to mechanical properties of food that make them perfect. With this article Iâ€™d like to give you a small glance in the world of food texture.

Written by Roelof Mestriner

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Do you know that feeling? Drinking a nice cup of tea with the family at your grandparents. Until suddenly... Your grandmother asks politely if you’d like another cookie. You realize there is no way back. Your hand reaches out to grab the cookie cannister with an uncomfortable feeling that the cookie might disappoint you. You take one bite. The cookies flavor is a bit dull but especially the texture is very stale; Yuck! Kind of strange, isn’t it? The same cookie that was delicious a week ago is now soft and unpleasant. Flavor is a real important factor for one to enjoy a meal, but alongside with flavor comes also texture. Rice that’s boiled far too long, old bread, a piece of imitation meat that just doesn’t feel like meat. The most extreme textural revulsion occurs when we feel something unexpected in our mouths. If you pop in a chunk of chocolate only to find that it doesn’t melt, or you’re immersed in the gloopy wonder of a mushroom risotto and suddenly bite down on some grit, you get a rude awakening. An unsettling moment of panic that your food is rotten, or contaminated with something unpleasant. But on the other hand, also deliciousness such as fresh croissants, crispy chicken, a magnum ice-cream that breaks in just the right way. For some reason humans, but probably most animals, are used to mechanical properties of food that make them perfect. With this article I’d like to give you a small glance in the world of food texture. Everyone knows that food is important, but imagine a world in which eating food is unpleasant. It would be a hard task to daily consume enough nutrients to live. Luckily this is not the case for the majority of the people, but it’s still interesting to know why certain foods ‘behave’ like they do. This knowledge can then be used for several applications, such as for example 3D-printing of food. 3D-printing of food can be very nifty. A nice anecdote is that a group of older people were not able to chew carrots anymore because of the ‘hardness’. If they wanted to eat carrots it had to be mashed into purée which took away all the texture. Luckily this purée could be 3D-printed into other shapes and then hardened. This made the final ‘carrot’ a lot softer than a real carrot, but it still had texture. (Cichero, 2015)

Another example is the application of 3D-food printing in outer space. Yes, you read that right. When astronauts go space travelling they need to bring a lot of food. Eating the same everyday is no option, so there has to be some diversity on board. Sadly all prepared food has an expiration date and thus needs to be preserved under certain circumstances, but equipping the space station with big refrigerators is no option. That’s why NASA came up with a pizza printer, which uses only ingredients. The ingredients themselves have a far better expiration date and require far less preparation. Once again the main point of focus is to prepare the pizza in such a way that the texture is similar to a normal pizza.

So why is it then, that texture is so important? We have a “deeply ingrained need to chew”. It starts in babyhood and continues right through to old age when, if we can afford it, we’ll throw cash and inconvenience at fixing our teeth so we may continue to chew, even though we could just as well get our nutrition from soft or pureed foods. Gnawing is a satisfying business and it’s good for you as well. A growing body of research indicates that it increases blood flow to the brain, which helps stave off dementia. A large Swedish study last year found that old people who could chew hard foods, such as apples, had a considerably lower risk of failing mental faculties. But food texture is probably also another sensor which is used to identify if the food is good. Just as smell, taste and eyesight, the mouthfeel of the food can say a lot and probably also is deeply ingrained within the human brains.

“But what should we know to build our own food 3D-printer?” Well, research is being done on this topic at our very own university. Nicky Jonkers, a PhD student in Mechanical Engineering, is doing research on all different scales of material behavior of 3D-printed food. Material science has been around for a long time in the world of mechanical engineers, but it’s also applied in a totally different way in the food-industry. Whereas we have ‘Youngs modulus’, ‘yield stress’ and ‘Poisson ratio’, they have ‘hardness’,

Moisture content and fat content are the two key determining factors for texture creation. Content of air, as expressed as structure openness, also plays a critical role in texture creation. Using these parameters as three dimensions, foods can be conveniently grouped for their textural properties.”

‘cohesiveness’ and ‘chewiness’. In order to fully understand one and other it’s important to know which food-texture parameters are related to what material behavior. So, lets first start with a clear definition on food-texture: “All the rheological and structure (geometrical and surface) attributes of a food product perceptible by means of mechanical, tactile, and where appropriate, visual and auditory receptors.” Furthermore it is important to understand what the difference is between food texture and food structure, because not everything is as easy explained using only material sciences. “Food texture and food structure are the two internally linked properties. Although food structure influences textural properties of a food, it is regarded as material property of the food. The term food texture has a strong inclusion of sensory experience. Ingredient interactions and food processing and preparation are the most important industrial approaches for food texture (or food structure) creation or modification.

Examining the food structure is the most interesting thing to do for a mechanical engineer, since this can be can be done by comparing computations with experiments. A typical experiment that is used is the Texture Profile Analysis or TPA. This method exist of a double compression of a food-sample. The machine measures the reactive force by the food-sample and plots this over time. Different food texture-parameters (Hardness, Cohesiveness, Adhesiveness, Springiness, Resilience, Firmness, Crumbliness & Sample recovery) can be extruded from the TPA-graph which explain the behavior of the food. The downside of these parameters is that they are quite vague and probably depend on multiple test and material variables. Luckily for us Mechanical Engineers, the TPA can be simulated using a Final Element Method (FEM) computation using for example Marc & Mentat. In this way different mathematical material models can be tested for chosen test settings and material parameters. When all is done correctly, a correlation can be found between texture-parameters and real material parameters, which in its place explains the behavior of food. If you’d like to know more about the progress on this subject make sure to keep an eye on our website. At the moment I am working on my bachelor final thesis which is about this subject. In my next article I will explain more on a technical level about the results of my thesis.

Association

BINARY In a binary puzzle, each cell should contain a zero or a one. No more than two similar numbers below or next to each other are allowed, each row and each column is unique and must contain as many zeros as ones.

PUZZLES MADE BY MIRTHE MAMPAEY

HOW IS LIFE IN...

Vancouver, Canada WRITTEN BY SJORS VAN ADRICHEM

As I am writing this article, my internship in Vancouver is already at its end. However, I will not be writing about that or the amazing adventures I have encountered here in ‘Beautiful British Columbia’, which is the very applicable slogan on the number plates here. Those stories will be published in future articles, because I have almost two months left to enjoy my stay and want to write about it all in one go. After living on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean for almost four months, I am getting quite the hang of the daily life around here. Although it has a western culture like The Netherlands, there are lots of small and large differences in habits and practicalities. One of the first things I noticed is the politeness of the Canadians, the stereotype is true in a certain way. Not necessarily the part about saying sorry for every minor inconvenience, but more that they greet everybody as a friend. Canadians never just say ‘Hello’ or ‘Hey’, but will always ask you how you are doing and will be surprised or slightly offended if you don’t ask it back. Making small talk with a stranger is lot more common than I thought. Travelling and transit is also a big part of the daily life. Only

Downtown Vancouver is as densely populated as you would expect from a big city. This means that getting somewhere will take time, wherever you want to go. I’m traveling only 15 minutes to the university and that is really close by. I got used to it more quickly than I expected. If I can get anywhere in under 20 minutes, it feels like being in the same neighbourhood. Travelling for 1 hour is well doable and feels like getting just to the other side of the city center. 2 hour transits that takes you to the edge of the city into the mountains are not uncommon and are not that big of a deal either for just once every few weeks. A typical Vancouverite thing to do is thanking the bus driver when you get out of the bus, but strangely they do not great

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him or her when they enter the bus, which still surprises me. What amazes me on the other hand is how organized the queues for the busses are. Everybody stands is a line and nobody is cutting the queue in any situation. If someone is not taking public transit of a car, the bicycle is the next choice of transportation. Of course the infrastructure is nowhere as good as in The Netherlands, Vancouver is on a good trajectory. The city wants to be one of the greenest cities in the world and therefore supports biking. Some of the bigger roads have dedicated bike lanes and other roads, parallel to major roads in this grid city, are indicated as bikeways. This sounds perfect for a Dutchy and his bike, unfortunately it isnâ€™t the perfect city to bike in. Vancouver is not exactly flat. Our beloved bicycles without gears donâ€™t stand a chance here. Biking anywhere is a good workout, which is not always what you are waiting for in the early morning or after a long day in the lab. This mountainous terrain makes the city and its inhabitants very active. Running, cycling and hiking are done everywhere and anytime. I have seen a few parts of Metro Vancouver right now and the scenery is stunningly beautiful, so the outdoorsy nature of the people is totally justified and I would say a must.

The love of nature can be seen in more than just the sporting habits. Care for the environment has high priority for almost everybody. There is almost no trash to be found on the streets and compostable plastics and papers are used more and more. Recycling and trying to cut back on plastic use are part of daily life more than in most European countries. However, they still have a lot to learn, especially in plastic (ab)use. You get plastic bags with literally everything you buy and they are of really bad quality, so reusing them is not possible. Plastic packaging is way more excessive than necessary and recycling isnâ€™t as good as it can be. Only hard plastic is recycled, soft plastic goes into normal waste. Another remarkable thing is that almost every glass and plastic bottle has a deposit on it, but almost nobody cares about that. What happens is that a certain group of people dig out the trash or specified bins for these bottles and hand them in, making a living out of recycling. So, the bottles are recycled after all, but in a different manner than expected. Recycling is also good in the coffee-business. A large group of the people have a vacuum flask or durable cup with them instead of getting a paper or plastic cup for every coffee they get. Most coffee-places at the UBC even

give a discount if you bring your own durable cup or will charge you extra for a cup if you do not bring one yourself. Not only coffee is a common sight in Vancouver, rain is too. With the nickname ‘Raincouver’ it is not that strange that a great deal of the people have a foldable umbrella in their bag any time. All kinds of patterns and colours are visible as soon as the rain starts. Next to that the rainboots are also much more common here. It goes as far as people wearing what we would call “kaplaarzen”, again in all different kinds of colours. On top of that, it looks like the people here care a bit less about how they look, as long as it is comfy. Going outside in a pair of sneakers and joggers is way more common then even I am used to. Wearing a good pair of leather shoes and nice shirt is already considered business-like and not something you would wear for an ordinary day at the university. Let me end this story with something both my homecountries are pretty good at: accepting the use of nonmedicinal marijuana. I would say that Canada even surpassed the Dutchies in it. Even though its use only became officially legal in Canada since last October, it is a common street smell that is everywhere. People have also accepted it better, it is looked down on less and more people have a better distinction and educated opinion between smoking tobacco or marijuana. Of course I missed a lot of topics in this article, on purpose and perhaps by accident, but there’s more to come. My story in Vancouver is nowhere near its end and I have a lot more to write about.

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NANOGRAM The aim in this puzzle is to color the whole grid in to black and white squares. At the top of each column, and at the side of each row, you will notice a set of one or more numbers. These numbers tell you the runs of black squares in that row/column. So, if you see ‘10 1’, that tells you that there will be a run of exactly 10 black squares, followed by one or more white squares, followed by a single black square. There may be more white squares before/ after this sequence. PUZZLES MADE BY MIRTHE MAMPAEY

Career

CAREER IMPULS DAY VDL Bus & Coach 29th of May

On the excursion day the 29th of May we visited VDL Bus & Coach, which is part of the VDL group. VDL Bus & Coach produces public transport- and ME busses. Almost every component of the busses is built or produced by one of the many companies of VDL. During the company visit it was very quiet in the factory because all employees had a day off. This meant that we could look at everything from up close during the tour of the factory, which was really nice. In the factory of VDL Bus & Coach all the busses are made from scratch. The busses are made in different modules, which are built at the same time. At the end, the different modules are combined into a complete bus and then the bus is ready to go to the client. Sometimes VDL gets a special request for a bus. For example the PSV players bus. During the tour through the factory we had a preview of the new bus. Unfortunately we were not allowed to make pictures of it so you have to wait until the new season to see it. After the tour, VDL offered us some lunch before we had to travel back to the university. It was a very interesting and fun company visit!

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AME

29th of May Over 20 freshmen visited AME, a major developer and manufacturer of electrical products. In the development and manufacturing of these products, mechanical engineering plays an import role. Besides the PCBs and software that is produced for almost every end product, AME also designs the mechanical systems that are controlled by these PCBs. In the end, AME delivers an end-product ready to use for the customer. During the company visit we have seen all the steps needed to make the products that AME produces. AME has, bedsides their main building that is mostly focused on electrical engineering, a second building that completely focusses on making molds. This is done by milling, 3D printing or spark eroding. Most of these techniques are automated by robots. When the molds are finished, they are used in the same building by the injection molding machines. In this way, AME produces every part needed for their products themselves. After the tour, a case about the transition of an electric bicycle completely designed and produced by AME was done. A dozen transitions were handed out and screwed apart by the students. In this way it was possible to look inside the transition and think about the design choices that were made. In combination with the requirements and constraints we tried to improve the design of the transition. All in all, it was an interesting company visit!

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Written by Yuri Copal

MANUFACTURING THE FUTURE Symposium of Simon Stevin

On the 6th of May, around eighty students gathered at the Van Abbemuseum to begin a day full of manufacturing and everything related to it. The symposium committee had been working for several months to organize an interesting and technically in-depth symposium about the different aspects of manufacturing. Researchers and manufacturing companies were invited to tell us everything they have to offer and know regarding mechanical engineering and manufacturing. As a result, all students present heard engaging stories about the current innovation until the prospected future concerning the theme ‘manufacturing the future, from material to product’. After the students drank a cup of coffee to begin the day in the Karel1 café, which is housed in the Van Abbemuseum, the symposium was opened by the chairman of the organizing committee Rik Lubbers. Subsequently, Rik gave the floor to the chairman of the day Ivo Adan. He is a professor in Manufacturing Networks in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the TU/e, therefore he is perfectly suitable for his role during the symposium. Ivo introduced all the lectures and pitches held, managed all the following questions and made sure everything went seamlessly. The first lecture of the day was given by Patrick Deenen, who recently started his Ph.D. at the TU/e. He told us about his graduation project, optimizing the allocation of wafers prior to production to minimize overproduction using various algorithms. He did this at the manufacturing site of the company Nexperia in Malaysia. After the lecture of

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Patrick, it was the turn of Additive Industries for their pitch. Additive informed us about their solutions to high quality and high volume metal 3D-printing and additive manufacturing. They offer high-tech modular printing systems using metal powder and lasers. Their product is used in, for example, the aerospace, automotive and hightech industries. Now, VDL Enabling Technologies Group, Rosaria Anastasio and SMC were next. But first, it was time for a quick break to refuel and to drink another cup of exceptional coffee. VDL ETG informed the students about a project they did for a new ASML machine. VDL elaborated on the whole process necessary to design and manufacture the part they had to create in the limited time they were given. Rosaria was next for her in-depth lecture about her research. She did and still does research at the TU/e in the Polymer Technology group. The research was about 3D-printing using resin and UV-treatment. SMC told us something about their Japanese roots and their pneumatic parts during their pitch.

When everyone had lunch and visited the stands of the companies present during the lunch, all the students went to the business cases they were divided into. There were three cases possible. Team Solid organized an interactive case where the attendants could design a train running on the metal fuel iron powder. They had to go to the whole design process during eight fictional weeks. ENTER and VDL ETG both had an interactive session with questions about their challenges and manufacturing. When the cases were finished, it was time for the last lecture of the day. Willem Peter de Ridder is a futurologist who gave a very interesting lecture about the predicted future by him regarding manufacturing and technology The symposium was closed with a networking drink, where the attendants, companies, and researchers could talk on the day and new information they got. Altogether it was a successful and educational day which the committee is very proud of. We hope you enjoyed the event as much as we did!

Staut:

Les pros du Tour

Veel sporten gaan tegenwoordig over dezelfde drie belangrijke punten: spullen, doping en kudoâ€™s. Een van de sporten waar dit vooral voorkomt is het wielrennen. De grote pelotons aan amateurs op de weg irriteren automobilisten, terwijl de topsporters vrij spel krijgen op de mooie wegen van Europa. GESCHREVEN DOOR RIK LUBBERS

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Het verslavende gevoel van de voldoening naderhand doet een wielrenner naar meer proeven, wat resulteert in het mooier maken van zijn fiets. Een Shimano 105 afwerking is niet meer voldoende, een Ultegra of Dura Ace moet worden gemonteerd. Elke gram van de fiets moet overwogen worden, alles moet zo licht mogelijk, ongeacht het gewicht van de renner zelf. Ook de prestaties moeten steeds beter. Gelletjes, reepjes, isotone poeders en nog meer, want in het peloton is deze vorm van doping de algemene gang van zaken. Zolang het maar betere prestaties, en dus meer kudo’s op Strava oplevert. Is deze heilige tricolon van spullen, doping en kudo’s bij amateurs veel anders dan bij de professionele tak van de sport?

Le Tour de France De crème de la crème van het wegwielrennen komt ieder jaar samen om de grote rondes te rijden, waar de ronde van Frankrijk gezien wordt als de meest eervolle ronde van het jaar. Al sinds 1903 wordt de Tour gereden, zij het dat het niet altijd een daverend succes was, zoals het tegenwoordig is. In 1903 had Henri Desgrange, eigenaar van de krant L’Auto-Vélo tegenvallende verkoopcijfers ten opzichte van zijn concurrent Le Vélo, die hoofdsponsor was

Image by: Agence Meurisse

Ieder jaar aan het begin van de lente komt het prangende gevoel om de fiets te pakken bij vele amateurrenners naar boven. Na een lange dag studeren, is het dan o zo fijn om het ros van carbon en aluminium uit de schuur te pakken voor een kleine rit van 50 kilometer. Zodra je de stad uit bent en over de mooie paden rond Eindhoven flaneert, voel je de zwoele rijwinden zachtjes je gezicht aaien.

van enkele wielerwedstrijden. Om zijn krant meer in de publiciteit te krijgen organiseerde Desgrange in 1903 de eerste Tour de France met welgeteld zes etappes. Omdat deze eerste Tour zo’n succes werd, besloot Henri een tweede ronde te organiseren met dezelfde routes en favorieten als de eerste keer. Omdat men destijds ook ’s nachts reed, werden de lokale Fransen boos vanwege de verstoring van de rust, wat resulteerde in verschillende blokkades over de routes, glas op de weg, en andere verhinderingen. Deze pesterijen en het feit dat er renners van de fiets getrokken werden deden Desgrange besluiten om nooit weer een Tour te organiseren.

Een half jaar later komt hij terug op dit besluit en worden er veel zaken vernieuwd en verbeterd. Er komen meer etappes, elf in plaats van zes. Tevens worden er etappes gepland in de Alpen en de Vogezen, waardoor er meer bergritten in Tour komen. In het jaar daarna kwamen er nog meer bergetappes bij. In die tijd kwamen er nog beren langs de weg, wat er voor zorgde dat de renners Desgrange uitmaakten voor moordenaar. Tijdens het interbellum wilden journalisten de koploper in het klassement herkennen. Zo ontstond de gele trui, refererend aan de gele kleur van het papier van l’Auto (de term Vélo moest na een rechtszaak van de naam af).

Spullen Door al deze aanpassingen is de Tour na de Tweede Wereldoorlog steeds groter geworden. Grote namen als Jacques Anquetil, Bernard Hinault, Eddy Merckx en Miguel Indurain maakten in de tijd na de Tweede Wereldoorlog de dienst uit, met ieder vijf zeges. In het begin waren de fietsen die deze heren gebruikten vrij simpel. Gedurende de jaren zijn de fietsen en de onderdelen daarvan steeds meer ontwikkeld, ondanks dat de vorm van het frame sinds 1880 vrijwel niet veranderd is. De fiets op de weg wordt het voorbeeld voor de fiets van de amateur.

Doping Omdat de fietsen steeds beter werden, moest er ook op andere fronten gekeken worden om het prestatieniveau hoog te houden. De voeding van de sporters wordt steeds meer geoptimaliseerd. Speciale reepjes, poeders en gelletjes worden ontwikkeld om de sporters zo efficiënt mogelijk te voorzien van nodige voedingswaarden om zo tot de top van het peloton te horen. De constante optimalisatie van voeding functioneert als een springplank naar medische optimalisatie van de sporters. Met medische middelen kunnen de bloedwaarden van de renners perfect gemaakt

worden voor de extra inspanning die geleverd moet worden. Deze medische exploitatie gaat zover dat net voor de Tour in 1998 de verzorger van de Festina-ploeg betrapt werd met grote hoeveelheden epo in zijn auto. Hierdoor werd er extra gecontroleerd op doping bij de Tour, waardoor TVM, Festina en alle Spaanse ploegen uit de Tour werden gezet. De overtredingen van de dopingwetten is iets van alle tijden, maar speelt een grote rol in het peloton sinds het laatste decennium van de vorige eeuw. De successen van de grootmeester Lance Armstrong, die zeven keer bij de laatste etappe in het geel werd gehesen, bleken tot stand te zijn gekomen door doping., hetgeen ertoe heeft geleid dat al zijn overwinningen ongeldig zijn verklaard. Ondanks het riskeren van dergelijke straffen, blijft men proberen een optimaal lichaam te creëren.

Kudo’s De prestatiedrang van de renners zorgt ervoor dat zij positieve publiciteit krijgen, wat goed is voor de carrière van een renner. Immers, de ploegen met de beste prestaties worden extra geïnterviewd, krijgen meer prijzengeld en meer respect in de wielerbubbel. Deze expeditie naar succes heeft vervolgens weer effect op de implementatie van nieuwe mooie spullen en het beter gebruik van lichaamsverbeterende middelen. In principe zit er weinig verschil tussen het amateur- en professioneel wielrennen, want bij beiden gaat het om spullen, doping en kudo’s. Het niveau van de sport en de mate van optimalisatie bij de heilige tricolon is hoger op professioneel niveau. Het is belangrijk om na te denken over welke vormen van doping en spullen goed zijn voor de sport en waar de grens ligt. Het is een discussie van de buitencategorie, die in de toekomst toch eens besproken moet worden.

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SUDOKU Everyone probably already knows the rules of this popular game. But for those who donâ€™t, this is how it works. The classic Sudoku game involves a grid of 81 squares. The grid is divided into nine blocks, each containing nine squares. Each of the nine blocks has to contain all the numbers 1-9 within its squares and each number can only appear once in a row, column or box. PUZZLES MADE BY MIRTHE MAMPAEY

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CALCUDOKU Each puzzle consists of a grid, containing blocks surrounded by bold lines. The object is to fill all empty squares so that the numbers 1 to 6 appear exactly once in each row and column and the numbers in each block produce the result of the math operation shown in the topleft corner of the block. In CalcuDoku a number may be used more than once in the same block. PUZZLES MADE BY MIRTHE MAMPAEY

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STERRENHOEKJES Wat is jouw favoriete quote?

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Tom: “Ik denk dat het meervoud van beton gewoon Gemini is.” Fynn “Ik heb een heel specifiek hoofd.” Nick(e)y tijdens het inwerken: “Is niet iedereen van Cheops een beetje gay?” Cas nadat Roelof op hem ging zitten: ”Ik was brak, en nu ben ik gebroken.” Tutor bij OGO peer review: “Geen hoedjes van de koning meer tijdens de vergadering.” Kim: “Ik heb Karsten gefixt, oh nee, geregeld oh nee paniek!” Sylvia over paprika tortellini: “Het is eigenlijk gewoon pasta maar dan heel veel saus!” Maartje tijdens het symposium: “Ja ja, even wachten ik ben net een ad aan het trekken.” Jankatiri: “ze hadden daar een rode wijn en die was zo goed dat ik bijna moest kotsen.” Tom: “9 letters, 2 woorden.” Bas: ”Depressief zijn is te vermoeiend” Derek tijdens de BV: ”ZeilwagenCie is niet interessant.” Kevin tegen Victor: “Vic, je actueert de tafel in z’n slappe richting.”