URBAN GREENING AND HUMAN–WILDLIFE RELATIONS IN PHILADELPHIA: FROM ANIMAL CONTROL TO MULTISPECIES COEXISTENCE? --- CHRISTIAN HUNOLD CHOOSE PARTICIPANTS
DATA COLLECTION
Included private and public sector professionals: 2 urban greening researchers, 5 private-sector landscape architects, 4 municipal environmental educators, 1 statehouse legislative aide and 3 officials from municipal agencies involved in green infrastructure design and implementation. The sample included 8 women
ANALYSIS
Four major municipal planning reports on green infrastructure, urban green-ing
Interview data were analysed using a modified grounded theory approach , a
and urban sustainability were consulted to determine consideration of wildlife
qualitative approach to social research where themes are not selected a priori
and wildlife habitat in urban greening policy development
but where developing theory is connected to the process of data collection and analysis.
and 7 men. Of 15 participants, 10 were white, 4 African-American and 1 Latinx
1.
GREEN CITY, CLEAN WATERS: NATURE AS A DISPENSARY OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
3. PUBLIC HEALTH: STRENGTHENING CONNECTIONS WITH NATURE Consider the urban heat island effect: on hot summer days, ‘temperatures in areas of North Philadelphia
Philadelphia’s Combined Sewer Overflow Long-Term Control Plan, Green City, Clean Waters, is set to
near industry, highways, and few if any green areas can climb up to 22 degrees Fahrenheit higher than in
invest nearly 3 billion dollars in green infrastructure by the mid-2030s, in order to bring the city into
leafier neighbourhoods in the northwest part of the city’
compliance with federal water quality standards, now routinely violated when untreated runoff and
Residents of neighbour-hoods with no tree canopy are far more vulnerable to heat-related stress than
combined sewer overflows are diverted into creeks and rivers during rainstorms.
residents of neighbourhoods with tree-lined streets and yards
RESULT :
Moreover due to reduce in green cover , there is very less space for wildlife habitat and hence they enter
Lead loss to marine life . And also gives rise to water borne diseases which directly affect human life .
to the the residential area creating problem for people.
Moreover create bad environment.
SOLUTION :
PLAN :
Moreover it increases space for natural habitat and increase human and wild life interaction
The plan calls for installing 9,564 greened acres at hundreds of public and private sites across the
In order to address such vulnerabilities, the Philadelphia Parks & Recreation Department’s ‘Tree Philly’
city by 2036.
initiative seeks to increase tree canopy cover-age to thirty percent in every neighbourhood, with the A greened acre manages at least the first inch of rainfall over an acre of hard surfaces, typically achieved
programme’s focus shifting from tree-saturated neighbourhoods to low-canopy areas of the city
through a combination of
4. BIODIVERSITY: REIMAGINING THE CITY AS WILDLIFE HABITAT Focuses on more wild life friendly infrastructure. Many people, including those who live in cities, enjoy spending time in nature. Numerous studies have shown ‘that urbanresidents can gain considerable enjoyment from encounters with urban wildlife … or from sharing the local environment with a species’
Rain gardens
Tree trenches
Porous pavement
Green roofs
A .
LEED-certified skyscrapers whose reflective glass façades routinely kill
migrating songbirds, as if the buildings had been designed as bird killing
reducing runoff pollution by more than 85%. Moreover, some installations (such as stormwater wetlands)
machines. Solution, urban design informed by scientific understanding of animal behaviour . On this model, knowledge of the mundane details of how species travel through cityscapes in pursuit of resources informs design for biological organisms and
2. ANIMAL CONTROL: POLICING HUMAN–WILDLIFE BOUNDARIES ‘There has to be a reason they’re coming out of nowhere infesting these neighborhoods’, City Councilman Kenyatta Johnson speculated about the
generates infrastructure that is less deadly to wildlife while also generating ecosystem services that benefit humans
‘poorest big city’ with an official poverty rate of
B .
26%
Buildings covered with living walls or green roofs may function as sites that introduce their residents to plants and animals in an urban setting and that
abundance of raccoons in his southwest Philadelphia district in January
engage the public to recognise the connections between the built environment
2017, in response to complaints from constituents
and the natural world
SOLUTION :
C . Emphasis on green corridors, and on tools such as ‘biodiversity maps’ , signals the awareness of the significance of habitat size, scale and connectivity
Observe the routine movements of wild animals
city’s impoverished
Secure your trash
for ecosystem function.
Rabies vectors
neighbourhoods are in poor physical condition
Leave no food outside Keep the homes in good repair
Damaged property
SHEET NO. - 1 NAME: SHREYES GUPTA ROLLNO. : 19110025
provide access opportunities
& poor
that attract animals such
infrastructure
as squirrels and raccoons.
4: RESEARCH PAPER
STUDIO INCHARGE : Mrs. MAANVI SUNEJA STUDIO COORDINATOR : Mrs. TINA PUJARA ARN - 301
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IV