A U S T R A L A S I A’ S L E A DI N G S E C UR I T Y R E S OUR C E F O R BU S I N E S S A N D G O V E R N ME N T
APRIL 2019 ISSUE 116
WHAT DRIVES MASS SHOOTING?
ISSUE 116
CONTENTS
86
FEATURES
44
26 32
74
50
cover story
In the wake of tragic incidents like the mass shooting in New Zealand last month, the first question many people ask is “why”? We struggle to comprehend what drives people to commit such terrible acts and, as security professionals, perhaps more so than the average member of the public, we find ourselves confronted with the realities of the situation. In this issue’s cover story, we sat down with Simon Brown-Greaves, former Manager of the Psychology Unit within Victoria Police, to better understand how and why these things occur.
60
26 BLAST DESIGN PRINCIPLES
There is a lot of interest of late in designing the built environment to protect against bombs. Considerable work has been undertaken and published by government organisations and professional associations alike. Don Williams, Author of Bomb Safety and Security: the Manager’s Guide takes you through a number of physical and procedural principles that can be used as design criteria for new sites.
36 DEFENDING AGAINST ELECTORAL INTERFERENCE
In January 2017, the US intelligence community released a public report detailing a Russian influence campaign, ordered by Russian President Vladimir Putin, “aimed at the US presidential election”. This highlights a significant problem and raises questions around how nations can prevent and defend against this type of activity in future elections.
58 HOW TO CURE PRISONS CONTRABAND MOBILE PHONE EPIDEMIC
Contraband mobile phones have long been a security and public safety concern for correctional agencies across the globe, and successfully detecting them before they do damage is one of the biggest challenges facing prison staff these days. How can we deal with this vexing challenge?
66 ARMS RACE BETWEEN MALWARE
RESEARCHERS AND MALWARE PRODUCERS HEATS UP
As malware becomes more complex and its producers become more sophisticated, traditional, manual approaches to classification and detection are no longer sufficient to protect organisations.
78 NO COOKING THE BOOKS – AUSTRALIAN TAXATION OFFICE CRACK DOWN ON WORKRELATED EXPENSE CLAIMS
REGULARS 06 LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 08 LEADERSHIP
Jason Brown examines the application of the ISO 31000 Risk Management Standard to security element by element.
10 CYBERSECURITY
Beware the zombie apocalypse!
12 MARKET ANALYSIS
Who are the leaders in the Video Management Space in Australia?
14 HUMAN RESOURCES
Are your casual workers really casual?
32 OPERATIONS
How do you find and retain your ideal cyber security professional?
40 BUSINESS
What do you need to do now, to prepare your business for sale in the future?
50 AVIATION SECURITY
Steve Lawson looks great ideas in aviation security that have not worked out quite as planned.
54 ACCESS CONTROL
We look at the top 7 trends for facial recognition in 2019
16 RISK MANAGEMENT
62 CCTV
18 COMMUNICATIONS
70 CYBER SECURTY
Kevin Foster explores threat vulnerability and risk assessments for buildings.
Crisis! What Crisis? Why Recognition is Critical.
20 THINKING ABOUT SECURITY
Don Williams looks at the realities of protecting people in crowded places.
22 EVENTS CALENDAR
A look at upcoming industry events.
How can we more effectively protect places of worship following the tragic events in Christchurch?
How do you find and retain your ideal cyber security professional?
74 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
We look at the top 7 trends for facial recognition in 2019
82 LOSS PREVENTION
Learning how much we do not know is the first step to appreciating supply-chain risk management.
86 PRODUCT SHOWCASES
To help you claim the right amount at tax time, the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has developed a tailored poster and occupation guide for guards and security employees. 4 // SECURITY SOLUTIONS
securitysolutionsmagazine.com
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FROM THE EDITOR FROM THE EDITOR www.securitysolutionsmagazine.com
EDITORIAL www.securitysolutionsmagazine.com
EDITOR John Bigelow EMAIL john@interactivemediasolutions.com.au EDITORIAL SUBEDITORS Sist, Ged McMahon EDITOR JohnHelen Bigelow EMAIL john@interactivemediasolutions.com.au SUBEDITORS Helen CONTRIBUTORS Sist, Ged McMahon
Elizabeth Bodine-Baron, Jason Brown, Greg Byrne, Jamie Eddy, Nick Fitzgerald, Kevin Foster, Alex CONTRIBUTORS Ganin, Simon Brown-Greaves, Tony Jacques, Garry Barnes, Jason Brown, Greg Byrne, Kevin Mike Foster, Hayes, Nick RichardJustin Kay, Lawrence, Stephen Johnson, Richard Kay,Jordan, Steve Lawson, Scott Steve Lawson, Michael McGrath, Tim Rippon, O’Driscoll, Rita Parker, Don Williams, Lamie Saif, Maurizio P. Scrofani, Ami Toben, DonShajkovci, Williams Ami Anne Speckard, Alex Sidernko, Ardian Toben, Simeon Votier
ADVERTISING Keith Rozairo ADVERTISING
Keith Rozairo PHONE 1300 300 552 PHONEkeith@interactivemediasolutions.com.au 1300 300 552 EMAIL EMAIL keith@interactivemediasolutions.com.au
E D
arlier this month, I had the privilege of
With regard to Artificial Intelligence, Yann LeCun,
attending ISC West. Held in Las Vegas
director of AI research at Facebook, recently stated that
each April, ISCreally West take is recognised oes Australia securityas one of the largest security exhibitions seriously? Yes, Government claims in
"machines need to understand how the world works, Australian’s do have a very relaxed attitude a large amountthey of background knowledge, tolearn security because believe, rightly or perceive
the world and isto,undoubtedly largest security show and some the of the corporate in the US. This sector event serves as a showcase for many demonstrate a passing
the statethat of the at any happen given moment, wrongly, “itworld will never here”. and Thisbe able reason and we plan." is to a sentiment can only hope remains true.
companies who use the exhibition to launch new interest from time-to-time, but what of the product for theand year. average man woman on the street? Do we
Givenasthis of AI from someone who is However, theview old axiom states, one should arguably one of thebest mostbut informed and qualified people always expect the plan for the worst and
Without doubt, the largest trendoratdo thiswe, year’s honestly take security seriously as a
on the planet to speak on the subject, my guess is prepare to be surprised.
event was Across the hundreds nation, justartificial pay lipintelligence. service to the idea
there are few one companies funding, Of course, shouldwho not actually have tohave rely the upon
of security? new products on display, it quickly became clear of
resources anddevastating teams of experts required to master some form of incident to occur in
thatAs AIwe hadenter become the new arms race the security 2018, we should be in thankful that
as opposed market to AI.take So welcome the era of AI order to forcetopeople securitytoseriously.
market. Everything sophisticated recognition Australia has neverfrom suffered a majorfacial terrorist
Washing, wheredeal Artificial has become the There is a great that Intelligence the security industry
Jonathan Rudolph PHONE 1300 300 552 PHONEgraphics@interactivemediasolutions.com.au 1300 300 552 EMAIL EMAIL graphics@interactivemediasolutions.com.au
incident likestoof 9/11,home the Boston systems the through simple securitybombings, products all
can do to educate business ‘must have’ sales the feature for anycommunity new securityabout product
the bombings of July 7, 2005 in London boasted an AI component designed to make or thethe product
the or benefits solution. of taking security seriously. In past
MARKETING AND SUBSCRIPTIONS MARKETING AND PHONE 1300 300 552SUBSCRIPTIONS
terrorist of October 12, 2002 inmore Bali.user or systemattacks more accurate, more effective,
issuesASecurity Solutions Editor-At-Large Rod few years ago, we witnessed the rush to be seen
PHONEadmin@interactivemediasolutions.com.au 1300 300 552 EMAIL EMAIL AUD admin@interactivemediasolutions.com.au $62.00 inside Aust. (6 Issues)
However, a result, the Australian community friendly oras more secure.
Cowan hasenvironmentally written about friendly. how security can act asa as being “We are making
$62.00 AUD Aust. (6 (6 Issues) $124.00 AUDinside outside Aust. Issues) $124.00 AUD outside Aust. (6 Issues)
has become complacent with regard However,somewhat looking at the depth and breadth of
a differentiator business andwho givedesigned companies greener future” for cried companies security
ACCOUNTS ACCOUNTS PHONE 1300 300 552
to security. often hear many of our readers who products on Idisplay, I found myself asking at what point are security managers within large corporations does AI become BS? Seriously! Does my new front
a competitive edge.also help you monitor and manage a systems that could
DESIGN AND PRODUCTION Jonathan Rudolph DESIGN AND PRODUCTION
PHONEaccounts@interactivemediasolutions.com.au 1300 300 552 EMAIL EMAIL accounts@interactivemediasolutions.com.au
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comment on the differences between attitudes doorbell really need AI? And what will AI bring to the to security in Australia and America, where equation with regard to my doorbell? How will itthey actually
If we have learned anything What fromthey tragic business’s power consumption. often failed events that have occurred globally in recentin the to mention was that most of the components years, it must that thenon-recyclable world has changed – system were be made from heavy metals
often to travel and work.using According many make have the product better beyond a buzzto word to security managers, Americans understand that sell more doorbells to people who have no idea what
permanently – and we cannot that would end up being land fillkeep with pretending a half-life of that it has not. 9/11 was not an isolated incident roughly a billion years.
terrorism is a clear and present danger and a they are buying or why? fact While of daily life and thus, treatas security I am only using thethey doorbell an example, it
and ifYes, groups ISIS have however, their way, I amlike exaggerating, yousuch get the point.
and security workers with the due respect. In serves to illustrate a point. When does something move contrast, they believe that Australian’s have a from being a useful feature to a term on a sales brochure very blasé attitude towards security and it is this designed to make dumb products sound smart? Judging attitude that makes us much more vulnerable by the number of AI driven products at this year’s ISC to attack. West show, the collective increase in intelligence across In my opinion, having recently travelled the security systems market has, in the last twelve through Egypt and Jordan, they are correct. months, transformed from a class of students with
attacks willtobecome much more There It is easy market something, butfrequent. far more difficult is a great deal more work to be done to ensure to master it in a meaningful way that actually makes a that we create the kind of effective security difference. So when evaluating the artificially intelligent culture within organisations and the broader security offerings, now emerging faster than one can community that will enable Australian’s to be count, perhaps we are best served to rely on our own, safe and secure. And the work must begin with mere mortal intelligence, to assess whether or not what security professionals. Let’s make 2018 the year we are being offered a solution that is really that different that Australia begins to take security seriously. n to last year? Or is it perhaps just that same thing with a
a solid C or B grade average to a collection of Mensa
few software updates and features now being called an
candidates wielding PhD’s.
AI engine? n
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John Bigelow
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// SECURITY SECURITY SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS 46 //
John Bigelow Editor
securitysolutionsmagazine.com securitysolutionsmagazine.com
It’s as easy as 1two3 Three phases for construction keying
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Phase 1 Construction Stage
Phase 2 Hand over to the developer/ real estate Phase 3 Hand over to the end user
HUMAN RESOURCES
WORKPAC PTY LTD V SKENE [2018] FCAFC 131
BY GREG BYRNE
he case of WorkPac
employment was terminated and
casual employee under the relevant
Pty Ltd v Skene
he made a claim for his untaken
enterprise agreement.
[2018] FCAFC 131
annual leave. The basis of the
heard in the Full
claim was that he was not a casual
though employment commenced
Court of the Federal Court has
employee but rather an employee
as casual, it may become full-
confirmed the definition of ‘casual
working on a continuous and
time or part-time because its
worker’. This confirmation will have
permanent basis and therefore a
characteristics have come to reflect
dramatic ramifications for all
permanent employee.
those of an ongoing part-time or
T
industries that regularly employ
The court also found that even
full-time employment.
casual workers, including the
Discussion by Full Court
Australian security industry. The
There is no definition of casual
decision confirms that casual
employment in the Fair Work Act
The Impact of the Decision
workers are those who work
2009 (Cth), nor in any modern
The decision creates a problem for
irregular hours and have no
awards or enterprise agreements.
all employers in Australia because,
guarantee of ongoing employment.
The only definition of casual
even though an employment
On the other hand, WorkPac
employee lays in the common law,
contract states that the employee
confirmed that those workers who
which states that for a worker to be
is paid a casual loading, submits
have been employed on a regular
casual, there must be
timesheets and can have his/her
basis and with a degree of
• a system of irregular work
employment terminated on an
permanency are in fact full-time/ part-time workers and are entitled
patterns • uncertainty as to the period
to amass entitlements as per the
over which employment is
National Employment Standard
offered
hour’s notice, these are now not determiners to casual employment. Further, if employers employ someone under conditions
(NES) and the Fair Work Act 2009
• discontinuity
whereby the employee falls into
(Cth).
• intermittency of work and
the definition of full-time/part-
unpredictability
time, they could be exposed to the
Facts of the Case
By its very nature then, casual
liability of paying annual leave.
The brief facts of the matter of
employment involves flexibility
For example, WordPac was ordered
WorkPac Pty Ltd v Skene are:
in the employment relationship
to pay Paul Skene substantial
for both the employee and
entitlements, which totalled in
the employer.
excess of $21,000.
Paul Alexander Skene was employed by the labour hire company WorkPac Pty Ltd, which
This issue for the court to
supplied labour to various
consider in the Skene case was
Australian mining companies.
that he had a level of certainty,
Impact on the Australian Security Industry
long-term casuals, to examine
In early April 2010, Paul Skene
regularity and predictability
There are many employees of the
their status having regard to this
gained employment with WorkPac
about his hours and whether or
security industry who regularly
recent development. You should
Pty Ltd as a fly-in fly-out dump
not this made his employment
work Friday and Saturday nights,
examine the key features of their
truck operator at a coal mine in
permanent. During the hearing,
instruct in Registered Training
employment, including how regular
central Queensland. As part of his
the court found that even though
Organisations regularly one or
their work patterns are, how
employment, he signed a Notice of
Paul Skene had been engaged in
two days a week and have been
predictable and intermittent. If you
Offer of Casual Employment, which
what the employer considered to
doing so for a number of years.
believe your employees could be
stated his employment was casual
be a casual contract, he was, in fact,
These employees could actually be
considered part-time or full-time, I
and that he would be paid an hourly
working a regular roster of seven
accruing annual leave, sick leave,
advise you to speak to your solicitor
rate of $50. His work pattern was
days on and seven days off with a
parental leave, compassionate
and accountant and examine a way
seven 12.5-hour shifts followed
12-month roster in advance. Due to
leave, redundancy pay and public
through this. n
by seven days off. The roster was
this, it was determined that he was
holiday entitlements that they
made up 12 months in advance.
not a casual worker under the Act
are not aware of or have not
Two years later in April 2012, his
and nor could he be considered a
budgeted for.
14 // SECURITY SOLUTIONS
I urge all employers, if you have
Greg Byrne is the CEO and founder of MultiSec Consultancy.
securitysolutionsmagazine.com
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More than just a lock
FEAUSRE
BLAST DESIGN PRINCIPLES
26 // SECURITY SOLUTIONS
securitysolutionsmagazine.com
BY DON WILLIAMS
There is a lot of interest of late in
of explosive from 100s of
designing the built environment to
kilograms to 10s.
protect against bombs. Considerable
o Use landscaping and so on to
o Provide clear site lines for staff and CCTV. o Ensure street furniture,
access ways to channel blast can be considered. o The nature, strength, fixing
work has been undertaken and
limit how close vehicles or
plantings and other items are
and location of signage, street
published over many years by
large items can be placed near
designed to make observation
furniture, landscaping and
organisations such as the US Federal
the asset.
and searches quick
so on should be considered
and effective.
in relation to potential bomb
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Department of Defence (DoD), UK Centre for the Protection
o Provide public parking away from key areas. o Restrict parking that is close to
o Train staff on identification and reporting of items
locations as they can result in ‘secondary fragmentation’.
of National Infrastructure (CPNI)
critical controls and functions
as well as professional associations
of the site or allocate close
such as the International
parking spaces to employees
Protecting critical features
adjacent to a location where a
Association of Protective Structures,
and others where there is some
of the site from blast effects
bomb may be placed.
the Institute of Explosives Engineers
degree of confidence.
(including fragmentation):
and ASIS International. There are a number of physical
o Ensure critical controls and
considered to be out of place.
o Ensure that hazardous material is not stored at or
o Where distance between
Allowing emergency access after
functions for the site are
critical functions and areas
an incident:
and procedural principles that can
not located next to places
where a bomb may be placed
o Ensure the design allows
be used as design criteria for new
where a bomb can be placed,
cannot be provided, the
emergency service personnel
sites; some may also be applied
for example, adjacent to
intervening walls and ceilings,
and equipment to access
to existing sites. The term ‘asset’
public areas.
for example, can be hardened
the site after an incident
to limit blast damage.
when normal routes may not
is used to indicate the thing(s) deemed worthy of protection: staff,
Limiting where a bomb can
the building, the controls/utilities/
be located:
amenities of the site, items on
o Sound design with matching
display, VIPs and so on. It is essential that assessment of blast effects be in relation to realistic bomb weights. For
processes can significantly
o Design can assist with channelling blast away from specific areas. o Poor design can result in
limit where a bomb can
blast being increased due to
be placed.
reflection or containment.
o Access controls can limit what
• Reducing injuries from
be available. o Ensure that on-site emergency materials are located in places where they are unlikely to be affected by an incident, possibly in multiple locations. o Ensure appropriate and
example, consider that a 5kg weight
is brought into controlled
can be held in an outstretched arm,
areas, particularly back-of-
10kg held by the side of the body
house areas where critical
are to the eyes from projected
It should be acknowledged
and 20kg is a heavy load probably
controls and functions
glass particles. Where there
that where there is free and
on wheels. Some of the larger bomb
are located.
are large glass areas in public
unrestricted access by the public,
places, consideration should
it is not possible to prevent
sizes often proposed are neither
o Use of cloak and storage
building materials: o Many blast-related injuries
realistic evacuation routes and assembly areas are provided.
realistic (consider probable rather
rooms can both limit where
be given to the type of glazing
items of between 5 and 10kg to
than possible) nor can they be
items can be placed and act as
laminate and/or the use of
be carried or 20kg if on wheels.
defended against.
deterrents. The proximity of
protective films.
Therefore, without a 100 percent
To protect against bombs, the following principles must
critical functions to such rooms must be considered.
o Where large glass or decorative
effective search of all items at both
panels are used, the potential
front and back-of-house, there can
o Depending on the nature of the
method of failure should be
be no certainty that a bomb or
built environment:
site and event, controls may be
assessed, for example, will it
other weapon can be detected and
Maintaining distance:
put in place to limit what the
pivot from the top or bottom
prevented. n
o Limiting the proximity of a
public can bring in.
(depending on how large a
be considered in designing the
bomb to the asset can reduce
bomb can be placed where)
the effect of an explosion
Making it easy to identify items
and hence the number
which are out of place:
of casualties.
o Ensuring public and back-of-
Don Williams CPP RSecP
and what will be the resultant
ASecM is a recognised thought
effect on the crowd?
leader in security, emergency
o Design to prevent ‘progressive
management and related disciplines.
house areas are easy to view
collapse’ should a structural
His book, Bomb Safety and Security:
can restrict the size of a
and search makes detection of
element be damaged is now a
the Manager’s Guide, is available
bomb that can get close to
potentially hazardous items,
common design requirement.
from Amazon. Don can be contacted
the site, reducing the amount
such as bombs, easier.
o Vehicular access controls
securitysolutionsmagazine.com
o The potential for corridors and
at donwilliams@grapevine.net.au
SECURITY SOLUTIONS // 27
OPERATIONS
SCENARIO TRAINING
REALITY TRAINING FOR OPERATIONAL COMPETENCY BY RICHARD KAY
32 // SECURITY SOLUTIONS
securitysolutionsmagazine.com
Much of the training for the development of operational
between tactical response options. A key issue with scenario
the absence of proper training,
name, which can cause confusion
agencies can spend time and
for participants.
skills is done in clinical training
training is that it looks easy.
money defending lawsuits, paying
environments to assure safety
The current training paradigm
workplace compensation claims,
Primary Categories
and reduce agency liability from
often uses brief training sessions
or absorbing lost man-hours from
Conventional ammunition
training injuries. This philosophy
with high participant/instructor
injuries. Properly structured
(CA) is commonly referred to as
is facility driven (what can be
ratios. Agencies buy gear, grab
training reduces these costs
live ammunition and designed
done safely), fractured (classroom
a couple of role players, throw
by avoiding the situations that
for conventional purposes –
thinking, gym fighting, range
some participants into a few
cause them. Agencies adopting
destroying things in a relatively
shooting) and in static/linear
loosely structured situations and
comprehensive scenario training
reliable fashion.
training environments (shooting
see what they do. Agencies often
experience a decline in officer
in a single direction).
fail to acknowledge they might
injuries as well as a reduction
(LTA) is specially designed to work
Lethal training ammunition
Training is structured so
benefit from learning about
in complaints and lawsuits
in unmodified weapons and has
participants are told what to do
the complexities of scenario
from citizens. If the program
muzzle energies similar to or
rather than taught how to think,
training. Common reasons for this
trains officers to respond more
greater than CA. Many products
and stems from getting personnel
resistance include the following.
effectively and avoids unnecessary
in this category were designed to
through training for qualification
Liability considerations:
costs from workplace errors, the
make a more affordable product
to a mandated standard. This
if someone is hurt during
value per dollar spent for scenario
for training purposes by reducing
does little to advance individual
training, the question is whether
training against existing training
logistical requirements or to
skills that training is designed
instructors were reasonably
programs pays for itself.
permit live-fire training in settings
to perfect. Operational safety
trained in the use of equipment
becomes a secondary concern to
Safety considerations:
that might be incompatible with
and methodology, but there is
hurting people during scenario
CA. These designs are capable of
training safety, but they function
no necessity to get that training
training to the extent that it
wounding like CA, and include
at direct odds with each other
directly from the manufacturer,
causes program termination
frangible ammunition.
given that training behaviours
as long as it comes from an
indicates training was being
are counterproductive to safety
organisation providing adequate
done incorrectly. If instructors
ammunition (ERIA) is designed
in operations. Procedures that
training in safe product use.
are educated to set training
as a compliance option for suspect
up properly and allocate the
control, and is often placed on the
reduce training hazards condition
Instructor expectations:
Extended range impact
behaviours that might prove
instructors often attend a course
necessary resources, most
force model at the level of impact
dangerous in the real world. In the
because they are sent by their
injuries vanish, along with the
weapons since it is essentially a
absence of a conditioned effective
agency for liability reasons, with
liability statistics.
launched impact weapon, primarily
response, participants often
no expectations of gaining useful
respond with actions that they
information. Proper instructor
know violate operational safety
configured as a pyrotechnic cartridge for shotguns and grenade
certification is not product
Projectile-Based Training
principles; behaviours that can
specific, but covers training
Live target engagement with
There are various training and
only be discovered experientially.
concepts to make better use of
training projectiles in scenario
operational ERIA products where
whichever technologies are used,
training can be hazardous. The
the projectiles are powered by
effective, it should be performance
including training ammunition
unintentional introduction of live
high-pressure air. ERIA requires
objective driven, 3-dimensional
and training device usage,
weapons and ammunition has
caution since different air pressures
and involve experiential learning.
safety rules and standards, and
led to accidents, and participants
and projectile configurations can be
In scenarios, the participant
protective equipment issues,
have received both physical
loaded into various cartridge bases,
must have access to all available
as well as theory components
and psychological trauma
and using the wrong air pressure/
options. Although it seems like an
that spend time on key scenario
in training exercises from
projectile combination in live target
oversimplification, in the response
training issues. They need to
projectile strikes with/without
engagement training is hazardous.
model, if a participant chooses to
learn how to run safe training
protective gear. However, there
engage the subject, there are only
and develop effective scenarios
are positives of using training
ammunition (USTA) is the most
three responses – verbalisation,
designed to directly connect
ammunition properly.
hazardous category as many of
intermediate force and lethal
agency response options with
force. A common mistake is to
officer actions, while reducing
categories and three sub-
look like inert rounds or blanks,
equip participants with only
injuries and liability exposure.
categories of training
and it is difficult to identify all
the response option required to
Instructors learn the how, what
ammunition. Some cartridges
the various cartridges and their
solve the scenario, but this does
and why of scenario training,
bridge several sub-categories,
design purposes. It is important
not provide the instructor an
making effective use of resources
so safe use is dependent on
to simplify the ability to recognise
opportunity to test a participant’s
and technologies to make teaching
educated users. In training, it
the few types present in the
judgement or to observe his ability
points and complete objectives.
is safer to refer to a cartridge
training arsenal and ensure they
by the category than by brand
are properly labelled, accessible
For scenario training to be
to shift mentally and mechanically
securitysolutionsmagazine.com
Budget considerations: in
There are eight primary
launchers (bean bags and so on).
Unhardened structure target
these potentially lethal cartridges
SECURITY SOLUTIONS // 33
COVER STORY
WHAT DRIVES MASS SHOOTING?
44 // SECURITY SOLUTIONS securitysolutionsmagazine.com
?
In the wake of tragic incidents like
Some of those factors are about
I think we can safely look
or die. And for those who seek
the mass shooting in New Zealand
the perpetrator, him or herself,
back at Julian Knight, post Hoddle
suicide by police. Which is the
last month, the first question
and the context in which they
Street, for readers who remember
thing sadly.
many people ask is “why”? We
have committed the offence. And
that far back. You have much of
struggle to comprehend what
the second part of the discussion
the debate about Julian Knight's
incident in New Zealand allegedly
drives people to commit such
would, and should rightly be
behaviour centred on whether
involving Brendan Terrant.
terrible acts and, as security
about, what are the things in
he was insane or whether, in
When one looks at the amount of
professionals, perhaps more
our world or the changes in our
fact, he was simply bad. History
planning that went into it, from
so than the average member of
society that give rise to people who
now suggests that the long-term
the live streaming, to the collection
the public, we find ourselves
may, will, fit into either some of
assessments of Julian Knight
of weapons, to the actual layout of
confronted with the realities of
the historically relevant categories
suggested the latter.
where, when and how – that level
the situation. What if that had
and or potentially fit into newer
been my workplace? What if
SSM: Coming back to the
That it was never proven
of planning and execution doesn’t
types of offending patterns, which
and he was unsuccessful in any
necessarily fit with our traditional
that had been the company I
are products of modern life. So, I
attempt to use a mental health –
preconceptions of someone who
work for? What if that had been
think in short, some of the things
based defence. So, there we have
is severely mentally unhinged.
one of our staff responsible for
that we’re going to chat about may
someone who, as a result of their
Therefore, would it not be
such an incident? Could I predict
not have necessarily been around
development, the complexities of
reasonable to conclude that there
it? Would I see it coming? How
forever, because some of these
their life, chose to take their anger
is a scale or spectrum of mental
could I prevent it? These are
patterns are changing.
out on society to make a sadistic,
illness with one end being mildly
violent point. And that’s the long
disturbed, as in ‘I occasionally
and the short of it.
think ants are out to get me’
all valid questions. To try and
So, perhaps an interesting
better understand what drives
place to start is to in fact think
this type of behaviour, with a
about when we historically look
view to possibly addressing these
at events of this nature, there are
look at someone like a Frank
questions and others, we sat down
really often only a small number
Vitkovic, who was the perpetrator
with Simon Brown-Greaves.
of possible explanations. The first
in the Queen Street shootings
And I think this takes us to a
If, on the other hand, we
through to believing that you’re a teapot orbiting Mars? Simon: Absolutely right.
one clearly is in the realms of some
in Melbourne in, I think
very difficult social issue about
Psychology Unit within Victoria
form of serious mental health
1987, around the same time
the changing phase of what
Police, Simon has extensive
condition. And I want to, obviously,
interestingly, as the Julian Knight
constitutes a serious mental health
experience dealing with mass
put around my comments that
matter, then Vitkovic had a history
issue. And you’re absolutely right
shooting perpetrators and victims
there is by no means a view
of serious mental health issues.
that you can suffer, for example,
and has a unique view on what
that suffering a mental health
He was, at the time, in the care
a paranoid or serious paranoid
drives these types of incidents.
condition is necessarily correlated
of mental health professionals.
disorder, but be intellectually
He was kind enough to take some
with violence.
And the coronial inquiry and the
quite functional. And the only
reports published after his death,
manifestation for most people
As a former Manager of the
time to try and help us better
However, the flip side of that is
understand how and why these
that a substantial number of those
and I’m talking here about the
who sadly have that particular
things occur.
events are committed by people
proper assessment of his mental
disorder might be that they’re
who are in the throes of a very
health, indicated it was highly
paranoid and irrationally so.
your time. Perhaps we could
serious mental health condition.
unlikely that he suffered from a
That does not necessarily mean
begin with the most obvious
Typically, that will be some sort
psychotic illness.
that they will go out and commit
question – what drives this kind
of psychotic breakdown where
of behaviour? It cannot just be
they’ve lost touch with reality and
at that event in Queen Street, I
purely hate, because there are a
the behaviour that is exhibited in
can say from firsthand experience
lot of angry people in the world
the major event is quite insane,
that many of the patterns of his
interesting possibility that
who do not take up arms.
and quite disturbed, and the
behaviour and the way in which
there are categories of severely
flavour of it and the way in which
he went about that event were
dysfunctional people who may not
type of behaviour, and let’s speak
the act is carried out is consistent
chaotic, disorganised, completely
be, as you say, orbiting Mars and
more generally about people who
with someone who is completely
irrational, and ended of course as
completely psychotic, but may still
commit very serious, major and
out of touch with reality.
we now know, with him jumping
be capable of rational planned
out of the building.
and considered act. This presents
SSM: Simon, thank you for
Simon: The driver of this
cataclysmic, destructive acts on
Now, if you look back over
As someone who was present
And I’ll come back to that issue
an act like Terrant is alleged to have committed. So, we have this very
society is, as you would expect, an
history, in many of these cases,
incredibly complex phenomena.
even in Australia, the question as
later about the difference between
problem. Now historically, we
So, there are probably four or
to whether or not the perpetrator
offenders who are,
sometimes refer to those people
five areas that it would be smart
was in fact mentally ill or not
A. Happy to die
as, personality disordered, and of
to talk about as we think about
arises in almost every single case
B. Seeking to die
course that presents no possibility
that complexity.
when it comes to trial.
C. Don’t care whether they live
of a defence under mental health
us as a society with a significant
securitysolutionsmagazine.comSECURITY SOLUTIONS // 45