Vol 66 No. 3 Thursday, January 15, 2026

Years

www.facebook.com/ SDVoiceandViewpoint

Vol. 66 No. 3 | Thursday, January 15, 2026

www.sdvoice.info

Serving San Diego County’s African & African American Communities 66 Years

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. www.facebook.com/ SDVoiceandViewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

11, 2024

African & African American

COMMEMORATIVE ISSUE

Communities 64 Years

, JR. COMMEMORATIVE DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING

ISSUE S

Legacy Life

HONORING THE

E

RVING

PRESORTED

st

@VoiceViewpoint

S

AN

DIEG

January 13, 2022 Vol. 62 No. 2 | Thursday,

www.sdvoice.info

Serving San Diego County’s

African & African American

MAJOR EVENTS IN DR. KING’S

Activates National Guard

LIFE Photo: Courtesy of CBM

By Aldon Thomas Stiles California Black Media On Jan. 8, Gov. Gavin New­ som announced he is propos­ ing a $2.7 billion investment to boost the state’s COVID­ 19 response efforts. The request is included in the state budget Gov. Newsom is sending to the State Legislature this week. He is

PHOTO: Aukid, Adobe Stock

DISCOVERING OUR

LOCAL MLK MURALS By Aryka Randall CONTRIBUTING WRITER celebrated visuDr. Martin Luther King, Jr. has been most creative has ally in many ways, but one of the in San Diego. been with carefully curated murals

Contributing Writer

The year 2021 was particu­ larly stressful for many peo­ ple, for obvious reasons, and for some not so obvious rea­ sons. Loved ones passed away, jobs were lost while others thought it best to just walk away. We witnessed a cata­ strophic government event Pictured here: Amaya Ford (right) and and got lost in silly videos to her daughter, Ny. Photo: Conita Butts take our minds off our daily to accomplish so many goals struggle to keep the virus and dreams, so I can show her from crossing the threshold that no matter who she is, she home. place: I safe of our can accomplish anything. have become a stronger, betfew a take to to talk to We wanted asking lawmakers ter, passionate woman because people about why they are action on it immediately. of Nyelah. Being a mother to thankful. We hope that you her is easy, because she is the The emergency response encouraging word, if an find carsmartest, sweetest, most package includes money for you need it. ing little girl in the world. I am more testing, more vacci­ thankful for being able to be nations, including boosters, I am thankful for my daughter her mother. and support for healthcare Nyelah. She has been the best ~ Amaya Ford professionals. blessing I have ever received. I was 20 when I had her life my changed and she has See THANKFUL page 23 around. She makes me want page 2

Last month, the California Task Force to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans heard expert accounts explaining how the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 affected residential communities of color in the state. In the last two­day meet­

r ing of 2021, the nine­membe commission invited guests to help them determine how money from President Biden’s $1 trillion Infrastructu re plan, passed into law in Nov­ ember, could be spent to compensate Black Americans for federal and state govern­ ment decisions that nega­ tively impacted them. See HIGHWAY page 2

See NEWSOM

See MURALS page 20

The Debate Begins

1985 when Coretta The story goes back to December at the Educational Scott King came to visit San Diego invitation from Michel Cultural Complex upon an of the Martin Luther Anderson, who served as the chair

MLK Special Commem orative

Issue

CALIFORNIA OFFICIALS

RESPOND TO TRUMP

on Wednesday, a group In response to riots at the Capitol Donald Trump to be holding a banner urging President near the U.S. Capitol, Friday, removed from office, protests (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin) Jan. 8, 2021, in Washington.

Last week, after a violent mob of President Trump’s supporters attacked and invaded the

K TOP BLAC PRIORITIES

United States Capitol while protesting President-elect Joe Biden’s win of the 2020 election, Capitol Police officers evacuated members of Congress to an undisclosed area nearby. See OFFICIALS page 2

SAN DIEGO TO VACCINATE

5,000 HEALTH CARE WORKERS DAILY By Julie Watson

Associated Press

in San Diego, 1989. Martin Luther King sign being replaced Free Press PHOTO: Vince Compagnone, San Diego

First, the then City Manager Slyvester of Euclid Avenue stretch Murray, nominated a five-mile King, notably because and 54th Street to be named after diverse income and for it cut through an area known one of the highest posts ethnic groups. Murray attained an appointive office of any African American to hold the proposal was in San Diego at the time. However,the route launched along residents and rejected, widely to King’s tactics an angry protest, including objections the council set aside pressure, and mission. Under Murray’s recommendation.

n as the most diverse to rename Market Street—know Luther King Jr. Way. roadway in San Diego—to Martin downtown to Encanto, Extending from the bay and the region’s most the thoroughfare traversed through time, a census tract disadvantaged areas, and, at the ns of Black that had one of the highest concentratio residents in the city—41 percent.

at The Vaccination Super Station Petco Park is expected to adminiscare ter 5,000 doses daily to health open 7 professionals. The station is for a.m. to 7 p.m. seven days a week made health care workers who have appointments online at www.VaccinaSan Photo: D.com. tionSuperStationS Diego County News Center

www.sdvoice.info

and residents along But once again, business owners opposed, and Market Street in downtown vehemently proper notice of also argued that they didn’t receive made. the council decision before it was

Back to the Drawing Board Having to pivot, the City Council

SEE LATEST COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH ORDER see pages 20-21

California Black Media

. King State Holiday Commission According to Anderson, the turnout signified “an outstanding community response to a national icon.”

Diego’s Martin Luther The naming process of San of Interstate 5 King Jr. Way—the western portion through Spring Diego beginning in downtown San had the best Valley—was not one that necessarily at heart. interests of the Black community Diego’s tribute to the In fact, the selection of it as San a last resort option was leader adorned civil rights contentious debate to come from the 1986-1989 leaders and white surrounding Black community Diego. San business owners in Downtown LA Times journalist Digging through archives, the named the overpass Ralph Frammolino at the time and political battle” “a focal point of an ideological forty years later, with “overtones of racism.” Almost true. to some that sentiment still remains

92139

By Tanu Henry

CAUCUS

came “Anybody who was anybody nation out,” said Anderson. Amid the Luther celebrating the first Martin one King Day as a federal holiday month later in Jan. 1986, coupled the with Coretta’s monumental visit, on two events kicked off the debate would how “America’s Finest City” individually honor King.

Celeb rating the Life of

DR . MA RT IN LU TH ER KI NG JR.

5,013

92114 2,489

Black Media

By Antonio Ray Harvey California Black Media

See page 2

By Macy Meinhardt WRITER VOICE & VIEWPOINT STAFF

92105

ON U.S. CAPITOL

Photos: Antonio Ray Harvey/California

Diego and various With the aid of the city of San number of local artgrants for creative endeavors, a to immortalize ists have been given the opportunitycity. the MLK with artwork throughout

Randall

Cannot be Heard”

SUPPORTERS’ ATTACK

ETHING FOR 2024 A REVIEW OF THE STRUGGLE TO NAME SOM KING AFTER DR. located at 330 E. Eighth St. PHOTO: Aryka

“People Without a Voice

es 61 Years Years s 57Communiti American Communitie & African American African & African County’s Diego African SanCounty’s San Diego ServingServing

4,239

92115

5,038 3,208

Source: County of San Diego a/o 1/12/21

ROADS AND REPARATIONS:

50¢ Plus Tax

www.sdvoice.info

2017 31,2021 January August14, | Thursday 35 | Thursday, No.02 Vol.6157No. Vol.

Local Residents Share What Highway Construction GOV. NEWSOM PROPOSES Are Thankful For in 2022 How ned Discrimination $2.7 Billion for COVID Response; They Harde By Conita Butts

PAGES 12-13

MLK mural at South Bay Health Center

PERMIT NO 585 SAN DIEGO, CA

92113

JAIL LETTER FROM A BIRMINGHAM PAGES 8-11

PAID

@VoiceViewpoint

92102 5,300

REMEMBERING DR. KING PAGE 3

Communities 62 Years

www/facebook.com/ SDVoiceandViewpoint

-19 COVID CASES IN SOUTHEAST

HONORING THE INSIDE:

STANDARD U.S. POSTAGE

61

Anniversary www.facebook.com/ SDVoiceandViewpoint

O

Vol. 64 No. 2 | Thursday, January

Serving San Diego County’s

The effort that began this Monday is one of the most ambitious yet See VACCINATION page

2

MLK COMMUNITY

See NAME page 15

voted in April 1986

San Diego County is opening what it calls a “vaccination superstation’’ that aims to inject up to 5,000 health care workers daily with a COVID-19 vaccine, officials said January 8.

www.sdvoice.info

CELEBRATIONS & PARADES OF YEARS PAST

see page 18-19

PRESORTED

50¢

Plus Tax www/facebook.com/ SDVoiceandViewpoint

STANDARD U.S. POSTAGE

PAID PERMIT NO 585 SAN DIEGO, CA

“People Without a Voice

@VoiceViewpoint

2017 31,2019 August17, ThursdayJanuary 3 | | Thursday, No.35 59No. Vol.57 Vol.

. .

Cannot be Heard”

s 59 Years Years Communitie American57 Communities & African American African & African County’s DiegoAfrican County’s San San Diego Serving Serving

50¢

Plus Tax www/facebook.com/ SDVoiceandViewpoint

Celeb rating the Life of

DR . MA RT IN LU TH ER KING JR.

PRESORTED STANDARD U.S. POSTAGE

SPEC IAL EDIT ION

PAID PERMIT NO 585 SAN DIEGO, CA

“People Without a Voice

@VoiceViewpoint

2017 August11,31,2018 ThursdayJanuary No.352 || Thursday, Vol.5758No. Vol.

. .

Cannot be Heard”

American Communities & African American African & African County’s DiegoAfrican County’s DiegoSan Serving Serving San

REV. WHIPPLE OF CALVARY BAPTIST CHURCH PASSES

see page 16

s 58 Years Years Communitie 57

Celeb rating the Life of

DR . MA RT IN LU TH ER KING JR.

See Inside

See Inside

Fifty-Five Strong:

Celebrating the Life of Soar Like an Eagle:

Largest Congressional Remembering The k Caucus Kicks Off Blac Dr. King and “The the 116th Congress Other America”

:

are forced to grow up with “Little children in this other America day in their little mental clouds of inferiority forming every we see it as an arena skies. As we look at this other America, said Dr. King… of blasted hopes and shattered dreams,” By Charlene Crowell NNPA Newswire Contributor

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil Rights March on Washington, D.C., at U.S. Source: National Archives College Park, Wikimedia Commons

Once again on the third Monday in January, much of the nation will mark the anniversary of the death of the late Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Countless programs and events will no doubt recall several of his famous speeches from the 1963 March on Washington’s “I Have A Dream to his “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” deSee REMEMBERING page

members of the U.S. House bringing The new CBC features nine new time that 116th Congress will be the first the group to a total of 55. The will ever have over fifty members. the Congressional Black Caucus

By Lauren Victoria Burke NNPA Newswire Contributor

As the new Congression al Black Caucus Chair Karen Bass (D-Calif.) was hand2

ed a large gavel from outgoing Chairman Cedric Richmond (D-La.) it became clear that the new CBC would be making a sizable mark on the next Congress.

The new CBC includes the youngest African American woman to be sworn-in to the U.S. House in history, Lauren Underwood (D-Ill.),

12 African American Teens Reach the Pinnacle of Success in The Boy Scouts led by

Photography credit to NPS-volunteer

Bill Shugarts, ABC Television,

and the Public Information Network

Group

KING’S LASTING IMPACT ON EQUITY IN EDUCATION in Education Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Champi

on for Equity

By Stacy M. Brown

Boy Scout Troop 242, Scoutmaster Dameion Crook, Sr., presented the 12 African American Eagle Scouts during the Eagle Court of Honor ceremony that was held at Wheeler Avenue Baptist Church. His son was one of the newest Eagle Scouts, which is the cherry on the top of Scoutmaster Crook’s two years leading Boy Scout Troop 242.

  

on the Civil Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s influence his fight for Rights Movement is indisputable, but some. to equity in education remains a mystery

BLACK STUDENTS HIT HARD BY FOR-PROFIT COLLEGE DEBT Calls Center for Responsible Lending Report n” For-Profit Education “a Risky Propositio

That fight began with his own education.

educational “He clearly had an advanced, refined High foundation from Booker T. Washington Theological School, Morehouse College, Crozer Reverend Seminary, and Boston University,” said Rainbow Jesse Jackson, Sr., the founder of the his speeches PUSH Coalition. “His education in and he and sermons and writings were apparent wanted us all to have that type of education.”

By Charlene Crowell

  ,

Mounting student debt is a nagging problem for most families these days. As the cost of higher education rises, borrowing to cover those costs often becomes a family concern across multiple generations including the student, parents, and even grandparents or other relatives.

   

New research by the Center for Responsible Lending (CRL) analyzed student debt on a state-by-state basis. An interactive map of CRL’s findings reveal on a state basis each of the 50 states’ total undergraduate population, for-profit enrollment, and the top for-profit schools by enrollment for both four-year and two-year institutions.

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. See CONGRESS page 2

By Jeffrey L. Boney

Associate Editor via Houston Forward Times

Here in the United States, the Boy Scouts of America is considered to be one of the most revered institutions for the development of young boys.

See SCOUTS page 16

See EDUCATION page 16

RICHELIEU DENNIS PURCHASES ESSENCE COMMUNICATIONS

ned after Essence Magazine, Once Again, Black-Ow Dennis Richelieu Purchase by Sundial Brands Founder By Stacy M. Brown

  

magazine as a totally, Black and In a deal that reestablishes Essence Brands founder Richelieu Dennis recently independently-owned entity, Sundial Communications from Time Inc. announced the purchase of Essence

Today’s 21st Century jobs usually demand higher education and specialized skills to earn one’s way into the middle class. In households where educational loans are inevitable, it becomes an important family decision to determine which institutions are actually worth the debt incurred. Equally important is the institution’s likelihood of its students graduating.

Entitled “The State of ForProfit Colleges,” the report concludes that investing in a for-profit education is almost always a risky proposition. Undergraduate borrowing by state showed that the percentage of students that borrow from the federal

See DEBT page 19

Higher education institutions that do not provide its students and graduates with requisite skills and knowledge become money pits that lead to deeper debt and likely loan defaults.

See ESSENCE page 16

INSIDE: MAJOR EVENTS IN DR. KING’S LIFE PAGES 6-7

LETTER FROM A BIRMINGHAM JAIL PAGES 8-9

A LOOK BACK: PAST MLK PARADES PAGES 18-19

www.sdvoice.info

2

Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

What Boycotting Looks Like 70 Years After the Montgomery Bus Boycott By Kimberly Chandler and Jaylen Green ASSOCIATED PRESS

D

oris Crenshaw was 12 years old on Dec. 5, 1955, when she and her sister eagerly rushed door to door in their neighborhood, distributing flyers prepared by activists planning a boycott of city buses in Montgomery, Alabama. “Don’t ride the bus to work, to town, to school or any place on Monday,” the flyers read, urging people to attend a mass meeting that evening. There was a sense of urgency. Days earlier, Rosa Parks, the secretary of the local NAACP chapter, had been the latest Black person arrested for refusing to give up a bus seat to a white passenger on the segregated buses. For 381 days, an estimated 40,000 Black residents stayed off city buses — opting to walk, ride in car pools or take Black-owned cabs — until a legal challenge struck down bus-segregation laws. “In this city there was a groundswell of a need to do something about what was going on in the buses, because a lot of people were arrested,” Crenshaw, now 82, recalled. The Montgomery Bus Boycott marked its 70th anniversary Friday (December 5, 2025) — many of the boycott organizers’ descendants, including those of late civil rights icons the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Rev. Ralph D. Abernathy Sr., planned to reunite in the Alabama city where it all started. Widely considered the beginning of the modern Civil Rights Movement, the bus boycott demonstrated the power of sustained nonviolent protest and economic pressure that continues to provide a model for the activism today. A group of national organizers encouraged people to avoid the temptation of Black Friday and Cyber Monday deals, aiming the action at corporations like Target and Amazon for phasing out diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives and financially backing the Trump administration. “Any time there can be a strategic and organized response to corporate behavior or exclusionary policy, communities should be free to identify the best approach to address the harm that’s being created,” NAACP President Derrick Johnson said in a phone interview Thursday (December 4). “Boycotting is one tool in the toolbox. At the NAACP, we call it selective buying campaigns.”

A Gathering at Boycott’s Organizing Home At a Friday celebration at the Holt Street Baptist Church, the site of the mass meeting that launched the boycott, speakers connected past to present. The church now serves as a civil rights museum. “What happened here changed the world,” the Rev. Willie D. McClung said from the pulpit.

Audio of King’s Dec. 5, 1955, speech thundered through the church, and a refurbished bus from the era of the boycott was parked outside. The Rev. Bernice A. King, King’s daughter, said what transpired in Montgomery continues to be a “blueprint for any movement for freedom, justice and equality.” She said she thinks about the words of her mother, Coretta Scott King: “Struggle is a never ending process.” “Freedom is never really won,” King said Friday (December 5, 2025). “You earn it and win it in every generation. And so the freedom movement has to be intergenerational, and it’s important that the younger generation learn from those that are still left behind.” The 70th anniversary was marked at multiple events in Montgomery paying homage to the key moment in American history and bringing calls to recommit to the fight for equality.

Rev. Dr. Bernice A. King, daughter of the late Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., speaks during a “family reunion” held to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Friday, Dec. 5, 2025, in Montgomery, Ala. PHOTO: Olivia Bowdoin/AP

At a gathering on the campus of Alabama State University, the children of civil rights leaders, including King and the children of the Rev. Ralph Abernathy, met with the living foot soldiers of the movement. Donzaleigh Abernathy recalled her mother’s description of the 1957 night their Montgomery home was bombed along with Black churches in Montgomery. Others recalled the joy of seeing empty buses rolling in 1955, proof that the boycott was working.

Boycott History Parks’ Dec. 1, 1955, arrest was the final catalyst for the boycott that had been quietly discussed by some activists in the city. The seats at the front of the city buses were reserved for white people. And Black passengers, who were forced to sit in the back, were expected to give up their seats if the white section became full. Contrary to the story that is often told, Parks, who died in 2005, wrote that she was not particularly tired from work that day when she took a stand by keeping her seat. “No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” Parks wrote in her autobiography. Parks was a beloved figure in the town, Crenshaw recalled. She led the NAACP Youth Council and Crenshaw and other members would meet at the Parks’ apartment each week. Pulling off the boycott for more than a year took an extreme amount of dedication and discipline, Crenshaw recalled. “We walked, and

we kept walking,” said Crenshaw, who went on to a lifetime of civil rights activism.

Boycotting in the Spirit of Montgomery The Rev. Jamal Bryant, a Georgia pastor who helped organize the Target boycott, has found some “dizzying” opposition and skepticism from Black pastors and leaders, but said it’s been a learning experience to fight through and help people understand. “Everything we are doing, we stole from y’all,” Bryant told the crowd in Montgomery. “So thank you so very much for giving us the blueprint on how to get it done.” While the specific methods have changed, the underlying goal of leveraging the economic power of the community to drive social and policy change remains the same, said Deborah Scott, the CEO of Georgia Stand-Up. The organization is focused on economic and social justice issues and emphasizes engaging and developing the next generation of activists and leaders. Scott said she was a teenager when she arrived in Atlanta more than 30 years ago to begin organizing with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference around the anti-apartheid movement. She worked to free South African anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela and to establish a holiday honoring King. Just like the original Montgomery boycott, which sought access to affordable, non-dis-

criminatory transportation by bringing large groups of people together to drive change, the success of boycotts after it required an unshakeable sense of unity. With widespread use of social media platforms, today’s boycotts look different. Scott said the biggest change in boycotting with the newer generation is the focus on using consumer purchasing power to pressure companies to change their policies or practices. “We’re encouraging people to really dig deep about where they want to spend their dollars,” she said.

Next Generation Takes Action Madison Pugh, at 13, is about the same age that Crenshaw was when she became involved in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The eighth grader decided with her grandmother not to shop at Target. Living in Montgomery, Pugh is growing up surrounded by the history of the civil rights movement that transpired decades before she was born. The stories from Crenshaw and others are more than just inspiring, she said. “It’s saddening to the heart to know that a whole group of people weren’t allowed to go somewhere and have an education or be treated as humans because they were a different skin color,” Pugh said. “It definitely lets me know that the job will never be finished and you have to keep pushing.”

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026

Why We Celebrate the Life of

3

Either we go up together, or we go down together. ~ MLK

By Dr. John E. Warren PUBLISHER

J

anuary 15, 2026, marks the 97th birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. While we celebrate his birthday, we also remember that he was assassinated 58 years ago this April. The further we move from his life, and for those of us who either knew or personally experienced his struggle, the more important it becomes to provide these factual printed excerpts from “trusted messengers” like the Black Press. In reality, we have an entire generation with social media posts of Dr. King, giving abbreviated glimpses of the man and his contributions. We have streets, buildings, and monuments named after him, but little knowledge of the man himself. Because there was much more to Dr. King than “I Have a Dream”, we are publishing some of his messages here in this special “commemorative” issue providing some insight into the life of Dr. King, the man. Dr. King believed that “the laws of man” never outweighed “the laws of God.” The March on Washington, D.C. on August 28th, 1963 was a march for jobs and freedom. Dr. King and the 250,000 plus who joined him, and I was one of them, intended to redeem what he called a “check” that America had issued to the poor and jobless. That check had been returned, marked “insufficient funds”. The “Dream” was never a substitute for the bounced check. It was to be the product of the check, had it, in fact, been “redeemed”. This issue, like those appearing in a number of African American publications this week, is intended to provide more information on Dr. King, particularly for those born 56 years after his death. The pictures, stories, articles, and excerpts from some of his speeches are meant to add an understanding of Martin Luther King, Jr. The man, not the myth. It is our hope that this issue will be retained as a point of reference for years to come. To that end, it will also

AP Photo

In this Aug. 28, 1963 photo, The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, gestures during his "I Have a Dream" speech as he addresses thousands of civil rights supporters gathered in Washington, D.C. (AP Photo)

be available for viewing online, but not for download. We deeply thank those who have placed ads in this issue making it possible for us to reach our children, churches, schools, and the general community as we celebrate and remember the man. For a compelling view of one of the greatest speeches ever given in receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize, we urge you to go to YouTube and view Dr. Martin Luther King’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech in Oslo, Norway on December 10, 1964. In conclusion, let us remember that Dr. King is the only private citizen in the history of this country to have both a National Holiday in his honor and a monument on the National Mall. It is still up to us to make the dream and the sacrifice of the man a reality.

REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF DR. KING

REV. DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.

4

Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

THE KING PHILOSOPHY

TRIPLE EVILS

The Triple Evils of POVERTY, RACISM and MILITARISM are forms of violence that exist in a vicious cycle. They are interrelated, all-inclusive, and stand as barriers to our living in the Beloved Community. When we work to remedy one evil, we affect all evils. To work against the Triple Evils, you must develop a nonviolent frame of mind as described in the “Six Principles of Nonviolence” and use the Kingian model for social action outlined in the “Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change.” Some contemporary examples of the Triple Evils are listed next to each item: POVERTY – unemployment, homelessness, hunger, malnutrition, illiteracy, infant mortality, slums… “There is nothing new about poverty. What is new, however, is that we now have the resources to get rid of it. The time has come for an all-out world war against poverty… The well off and the secure have too often become indifferent and oblivious to the poverty and deprivation in their midst. Ultimately a great nation is a compassionate nation. No individual or nation can be great if it does not have a concern for ‘the least of these.” RACISM – prejudice, apartheid, ethnic conflict, anti-Semitism, sexism, colonialism, homophobia, ageism, discrimination against disabled groups, stereotypes… “Racism is a philosophy based on a contempt for life. It is the arrogant assertion that one race is the center of value and object of devotion, before which other races must kneel in submission. It is the absurd dogma that one race is responsible for all the progress of history and alone can assure the progress of the future. Racism is total estrangement. It separates not only bodies, but minds and spirits. Inevitably it descends to inflicting spiritual and physical homicide upon the out-group.” MILITARISM – war, imperialism, domestic violence, rape, terrorism, human trafficking, media violence, drugs, child abuse, violent crime… “A true revolution of values will lay hands on the world order and say of war- ‘This way of settling differences is not just.’ This way of burning human beings with napalm, of filling our nation’s homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and bloody battlefields physically handicapped psychologically deranged,

cannot be reconciled with wisdom, justice and love. A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death.” Source: “Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community?” by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.; Boston: Beacon Press, 1967.

SIX PRINCIPLES OF NONVIOLENCE Fundamental tenets of Dr. King’s philosophy of nonviolence described in his first book, Stride Toward Freedom. The six principles include: 1. PRINCIPLE ONE: Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. It is active nonviolent resistance to evil. It is aggressive spiritually, mentally and emotionally. 2. PRINCIPLE TWO: Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. The end result of nonviolence is redemption and reconciliation. The purpose of nonviolence is the creation of the Beloved Community. 3. PRINCIPLE THREE: Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice not people. Nonviolence recognizes that evildoers are also victims and are not evil people. The nonviolent resister seeks to defeat evil not people. 4. PRINCIPLE FOUR: Nonviolence holds that suffering can educate and transform. Nonviolence accepts suffering without retaliation. Unearned suffering is redemptive and has tremendous educational and transforming possibilities. 5. PRINCIPLE FIVE: Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. Nonviolence resists violence of the spirit as well as the body. Nonviolent love is spontaneous, unmotivated, unselfish and creative. 6. PRINCIPLE SIX: Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of justice. The nonviolent resister has deep faith that justice will eventually win. Nonviolence believes that God is a God of justice.

SIX STEPS OF NONVIOLENT SOCIAL CHANGE The Six Steps for Nonviolent Social Change are based on Dr. King’s nonviolent campaigns and teachings that emphasize love in action. Dr. King’s philosophy of nonviolence, as reviewed in the Six

PHOTO: Unsplash /Tim Mossholder

Principles of Nonviolence, guide these steps for social and interpersonal change. 1. INFORMATION GATHERING: To understand and articulate an issue, problem or injustice facing a person, community, or institution you must do research. You must investigate and gather all vital information from all sides of the argument or issue so as to increase your understanding of the problem. You must become an expert on your opponent’s position. 2. EDUCATION: It is essential to inform others, including your opposition, about your issue. This minimizes misunderstandings and gains you support and sympathy. 3. PERSONAL COMMITMENT: Daily check and affirm your faith in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. Eliminate hidden motives and prepare yourself to accept suffering, if necessary, in your work for justice. 4. DISCUSSION/NEGOTIATION: Using grace, humor and intelligence, confront the other party with a list of injustices and a plan for addressing and resolving these injustices. Look for what is positive in every action and statement the opposition makes. Do not seek to humiliate the opponent but to call forth the good in the opponent. 5. DIRECT ACTION: These are actions taken when the opponent is unwilling to enter into, or remain in, discussion/negotiation. These actions impose a “creative tension” into the conflict, supplying moral pressure on your opponent to work with you in resolving the injustice. 6. RECONCILIATION: Nonviolence seeks friendship and understanding with the opponent. Nonviolence does not seek to defeat the opponent. Nonviolence is directed against evil systems, forces, oppressive policies, unjust acts, but not against persons. Through reasoned compromise, both sides resolve the injustice with a plan of action. Each act of reconciliation is one step close to the ‘Beloved Community.’

PHOTO: Unsplash / Suzy Brooks

We often view the Six Steps as phases or cycles of a campaign rather than steps because each of them embodies a cluster or series of activities related to each of the other five elements.

THE BELOVED COMMUNITY “The Beloved Community” is a term that was first coined in the early days of the 20th Century by the philosopher-theologian Josiah Royce, who founded the Fellowship of Reconciliation. However, it was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., also a member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, who popularized the term and invested it with a deeper meaning which has captured the imagination of people of goodwill all over the world. For Dr. King, The Beloved Community was not a lofty utopian goal to be confused with the rapturous image of the Peaceable Kingdom, in which lions and lambs coexist in idyllic harmony. Rather, The Beloved Community was for him a realistic, achievable goal that could be attained by a critical mass of people committed to and trained in the philosophy and methods of nonviolence. Dr. King’s Beloved Community is a global vision, in which all people can share in the wealth of the earth. In the Beloved Community, poverty, hunger and homelessness will not be tolerated because international standards of human decency will not allow it. Racism and all forms of discrimination, bigotry and prejudice will be replaced by an all-inclusive spirit of sisterhood and brotherhood. In the Beloved Community, international disputes will be resolved by peaceful conflict-resolution and reconciliation of adversaries, instead of military power. Love and trust will triumph over fear and hatred. Peace with justice will prevail over war and military conflict. SOURCE: The Martin Luther King, Jr. Center, www.thekingcenter.org

Based on Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” in Why We Can’t Wait, Penguin Books, 1963.

Opinion articles do not necessarily reflect the views of The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint. We welcome reader essays, photos and story ideas. Submit to news@sdvoice.info

A legal newspaper published every Thursday by:

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

A Subsidiary of WARREN COMMUNICATIONS, Inc. STREET ADDRESS: 3619 College Ave., San Diego CA 92115 MAILING: P.O. Box 120095, San Diego CA 92112

WWW.SDVOICE.INFO TO ADVERTISE

Print and Online:

Phone: (619) 266-2233 Fax: (619) 266-0533 Email: ads@sdvoice.info

SEND PRESS RELEASES TO:

Email: news@sdvoice.info

AD DEADLINES: Announcements, Classifieds, Obituaries, and Display Ads are due:

Tuesday by 12:00 noon, preceeding date of publication

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026

D

uring the less than 13 years of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s leadership of the modern American Civil Rights Movement, from December, 1955 until April 4, 1968, African Americans achieved more genuine progress toward racial equality than the previous 350 years had produced. Dr. King is widely regarded as America’s preeminent advocate of nonviolence and one of the greatest nonviolent leaders in world history.

and Alberta Williams King. Also born to the Kings were Christine, now Mrs. Isaac Farris, Sr., and the Reverend Alfred Daniel Williams King, now deceased.

Drawing inspiration from both his Christian faith and the peaceful teachings of Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. King led a nonviolent movement in the late 1950’s and ‘60s to achieve legal equality for African-Americans in the United States. While others were advocating for freedom by “any means necessary,” including violence, Martin Luther King, Jr. used the power of words and acts of nonviolent resistance, such as protests and grassroots organizing, to achieve seemingly-impossible goals. He went on to lead similar campaigns against poverty and international conflict, always maintaining fidelity to his principles that men and women everywhere, regardless of color or creed, are equal members of the human family.

He married Coretta Scott, the younger daughter of Obadiah and Bernice McMurry Scott of Marion, Alabama, on June 18, 1953. The marriage ceremony took place on the lawn of the Scott’s home in Marion, Alabama. The Rev. King, Sr. performed the service.

SOME OF DR. KING’S MOST IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS INCLUDE: In 1955, he was recruited to serve as spokesman for the Montgomery Bus Boycott, which was a campaign by the African-American population of Montgomery, Alabama to force integration of the city’s bus lines. After 381 days of nearly universal participation by the black community, many of whom had to walk miles to work each day as a result, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in transportation was unconstitutional. In 1957, Dr. King was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), an organization meant to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. He would serve as head of the SCLC until his assassination in 1968, a period during which he would emerge as the most important social leader of the modern American civil rights movement. In 1963, he led a coalition of numerous civil rights groups in a nonviolent campaign aimed at Birmingham, Alabama, which at the time was described as the “most segregated city in America.”

BIRTH & FAMILY Born at noon on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 at the family home in Atlanta, Martin Luther King, Jr. was the first son and second child born to the Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr.

The well-off and the secure have too often become indifferent to the poverty and deprivation in their midst. ~ MLK

Martin Luther King, Jr.’s maternal grandparents were the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, second pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church, and Jenny Parks Williams. His paternal grandparents were James Albert and Delia King, sharecroppers on a farm in Stockbridge, Georgia.

UPBRINGING & STUDIES The son, grandson, and great-grandson of Baptist ministers, Martin Luther King Jr., named Michael King at birth, spent his first twelve years in the Auburn Avenue home that his parents, the Reverend Michael King and Alberta Williams King, shared with his maternal grandparents, Daniel Williams and Jeannie Celeste Williams. After Rev. Williams’ death in 1931, his son-in-law became Ebenezer Baptist Church’s new pastor and gradually established himself as a major figure in state and national Baptist groups. The elder King began refer-

The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is welcomed with a kiss by his wife Coretta after leaving court in Montgomery, Ala., March 22, 1956. King was found guilty of conspiracy to boycott city buses in a campaign to desegregate the bus system, but a judge suspended his $500 fine pending appeal. (AP Photo/Gene Herrick)

ring to himself (and later to his son) as Martin Luther King.

THE BUS BOYCOTT SPARKS A MOVEMENT

During his undergraduate years at Atlanta’s Morehouse College (1944 to 1948), King gradually overcame his initial reluctance to accept his inherited calling. Morehouse President Benjamin E. Mays influenced King’s spiritual development, encouraging him to view Christianity as a potential force for progressive social change. He was ordained during his final semester at Morehouse, and by this time King had also taken his first steps toward political activism. He had responded to the postwar wave of anti-black violence by proclaiming in a letter to the editor of the Atlanta Constitution that African Americans were “entitled to the basic rights and opportunities of American citizens”. During his senior year King joined the Intercollegiate Council, an interracial student discussion group that met monthly at Atlanta’s Emory University.

Although he considered pursuing an academic career, King decided in 1954 to accept an offer to become the pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In December 1955, when Montgomery’s black leaders, such as Jo Ann Robinson, E.D. Nixon, and Ralph Abernathy formed the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to protest the arrest of NAACP official Rosa Park for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man, they selected King to head the new group.

After leaving Morehouse, King increased his understanding of progressive Christian thought while attending Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania from 1948 to 1951. Initially uncritical of liberal theology, he gradually moved toward Reinhold Niebuhr’s neo-orthodoxy, which emphasized the intractability of social evil. Even as he continued to question and modify his own religious beliefs, he compiled an outstanding academic record and graduated at the top of his class. In 1951 King began doctoral studies in systematic theology at Boston University’s School of Theology. By the time he completed his doctoral studies in 1955, King had refined his exceptional ability to draw upon a wide range of theological and philosophical texts to express his views with force and precision. His ability to infuse his oratory with borrowed theological insights became evident in his Integration leader Martin Luther King Jr., Atlanta minister, speaking to a church filled to overflowing, in Albany, Georgia on July 22, 1962, about the expanding preaching activities in Boston-arealegal fights ahead. King and other integration leaders and organizations fighting to break down segregation will start court action in a effort to upset churches and at Ebenezer, where he assisted his father during school vacations. a Federal injunction issued on banning protest demonstrations. (AP Photo)

In his role as the primary spokesman of the year-long Montgomery bus boycott, King utilized the leadership abilities he had gained from his religious background and academic training to forge a distinctive protest strategy that involved the mobilization of black churches and skillful appeals for white support. With the encouragement of Bayard Rustin, Glenn Smiley, William Stuart Nelson and other veteran pacifists, King also became a firm advocate of Mohandas Gandhi’s precepts of nonviolence, which he combined with Christian social gospel ideas. In his last book, Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?, King dismissed the claim of Black Power advocates “to be the most revolutionary wing of the social revolution taking place in the United States,” but he acknowledged that they responded to a psychological need among African Americans he had not previously addressed. “Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery,” King wrote. “The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation.” SOURCE: The Martin Luther King Jr. Center, www. thekingcenter.org

REMEMBERING THE LIFE OF DR. KING

BIOGRAPHICAL OVERVIEW

5

6

Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

1929–1968

MAJOR EVENTS JUNE 5

JANUARY 10-11 The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is formed by Southern black ministers in Atlanta to discuss strategies to fight segregation. King is named SCLC’s first president.

Dr. Martin Luther King civil rights leader testifying before the Senate Government Operations subcommittee, December 15, 1966. (AP Photo) The Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial is seen with the Washington Monument, in Washington, Monday, Jan. 20, 2020. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana)

MARCH 6 King attends Ghana’s independence celebrations in West Africa and meets with Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah.

JANUARY 15 FEBRUARY 25 King is ordained and appointed assistant pastor at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta.

King is awarded his doctorate in Systematic Theology from Boston University.

JUNE 18

MAY 17

DECEMBER 1-5 JUNE 8

King delivers his first national address, “Give Us The Ballot,” at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.

Martin Luther King Jr. is born at 501 Auburn Ave. in Atlanta, Georgia. His mother, Alberta King was a school teacher and his father, Michael Luther King was a Baptist minister.

King graduates from Morehouse College in Atlanta, GA with a B.A. in Sociology.

King marries Coretta Scott on the front lawn of the Scott home near Marion, Alabama. They eventually have four children.

1929

1948

1953

1946

The Atlanta Constitution publishes King’s letter to the editor stating that black people “are entitled to the basic rights and opportunities of American citizens.”

1951

King graduates from Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester, Pa. with a bachelor of divinity degree, delivering the commencement valedictory address.

1954

King begins his pastorate at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama.

Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to vacate her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama city bus to make way for a white passenger. Women’s Political Council members distribute thousands of leaflets calling for a one-day boycott of the city’s buses on Monday, December 5. The Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) is formed. King becomes its president.

King and Ralph D. Abernathy meet with Vice President Richard M. Nixon, the first of several meetings.

1955

1957

1956

While speaking at a mass civil rights meeting, King’s home is bombed. Later King addresses an angry crowd outside the house, pleading for nonviolence.

JUNE 13

1958

King and other civil rights leaders meet with President Dwight D. Eisenhower in Washington.

JUNE 23

JANUARY 30 The U.S. Supreme Court affirms Browder v. Gayle and declares Montgomery and Alabama bus segregation laws unconstitutional. King is among the first passengers to ride the city’s newly integrated buses.

MAY 6

AUGUST 6

King’s first book, Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story, is published.

SEPTEMBER 17 During a book signing in Harlem, King is stabbed with a seven-inch letter opener by Izola Ware Curry. He recovers.

SEPTEMBER 1

NOVEMBER 13

SEPTEMBER 20

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and his wife, Coretta Scott King, lead off the final lap to the state capitol at Montgomery, Ala., on March 25, 1965. Thousands of civil rights marchers joined in the walk, which began in Selma, Ala., on March 21, demanding voter registration rights for blacks. Rev. D.F. Reese, of Selma, is at right. (AP Photo)

The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is welcomed with a kiss by his wife Coretta after leaving court in Montgomery, Ala., March 22, 1956. King was found guilty of conspiracy to boycott city buses in a campaign to desegregate the bus system, but a judge suspended his $500 fine pending appeal. (AP Photo/Gene Herrick)

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026

7

Oppressed people cannot Freedom is never voluntarily remain oppressed forever. givenThe by the oppressor; yearning for itfreedom must be eventually demanded by the oppressed. manifests itself.

IN DR. KING'S LIFE

~ ~ MLK MLK

JANUARY 3 King is named Time Magazine’s “Man of the Year.”

JUNE 11 King is arrested and jailed for demanding service at a white-only restaurant in St. Augustine, Florida.

JANUARY 18

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, addresses marchers during his “I Have a Dream” speech at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. Aug. 28, 1963. (AP Photo)

APRIL 3

President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with King, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young, and James Farmer to seek support for his War on Poverty initiative.

MARCH 26

JANUARY 26 NOVEMBER 18 After King criticizes the FBI’s failure to protect civil rights workers, the agency’s director J. Edgar Hoover denounces King as “the most notorious liar in the country.” A week later he states that SCLC is “spearheaded by Communists and moral degenerates.”

FEBRUARY

King delivers his final speech, “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop.”

APRIL 4

DECEMBER 10 King and his wife Coretta bring attention to urban poverty and poor housing conditions when they move into an apartment on the Southside of Chicago.

King meets Malcolm X in Washington, D.C. for the first and only time. King visits India, the home of his hero, Mohandas Gandhi. King credits his success in civil rights to Gandhi’s passive resistance techniques.

1959

1960

King leaves Montgomery and moves to Atlanta to devote more time to SCLC. He becomes assistant pastor at his father’s church, Ebenezer Baptist Church.

FEBRUARY 23

JUNE King’s book, Why We Can’t Wait, is published

1963 Responding to eight Jewish and Christian clergymen’s advice that African Americans wait patiently for justice, King pens his “Letter from Birmingham Jail.”

King receives the Nobel Peace Prize at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway.

1964

1965

King delivers the eulogy at the funerals of Addie Mae Collins, Carol Denise McNair, and Cynthia Dianne Wesley, three of the four children that were killed during the September 15th bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham.

SEPTEMBER 18 U.S. Attorney General Robert Kennedy authorizes the FBI to wiretap King’s home phone.

OCTOBER 10

FEBRUARY 1 King meets privately in New York with Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy. King later meets with President Kennedy in 1963, urging him to issue a second Emancipation Proclamation to eliminate racial segregation.

JUNE 23

King is shot and killed in Memphis while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. Nearly 100,000 people attend his funeral.

In Chicago, King meets Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad.

APRIL 9 King is buried in Atlanta.

1966

1967

In an event known as “Bloody Sunday,” voting rights marchers are beaten at the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama as they attempt to march to Montgomery.

MARCH 7 King, John Lewis and 3200 people march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama after a U.S. District judge upholds their right to conduct an orderly demonstration. King meets with President Lyndon B. Johnson and other leaders about voting rights for blacks.

1968 At a New York City gathering of Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam, King delivers his speech, “Beyond Vietnam,” demanding the U.S. end the war.

APRIL 4

King’s book, Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?, is published.

JUNE

King announces plans for his Poor People’s Campaign, a mass civil disobedience campaign set for Washington, D.C., to force the government to end poverty.

APRIL 16 King delivers his famous “I Have a Dream” speech at The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in Washington, D.C. After the march, King and other civil rights leaders have a White House meeting with President John F. Kennedy and VicePresident Lyndon B. Johnson.

MARCH 17-25 King publicly opposes the Vietnam War at a mass rally at the Ninth Annual Convention of SCLC in Birmingham.

AUGUST 12

AUGUST 28

DECEMBER 4

8

Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

THE WORDS OF DR. KING

LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL O

n April 12, 1963, Dr. King was arrested for campaigning against entrenched Alabama segregationist policies. While in solitary confinement, he wrote a 7,000-word open letter to a group of white clergy who were critical of his campaign. This excerpt of his letter serves as a powerful reminder of the progress made as a nation, yet the work still to be done.

By Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. SOURCE: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA My Dear Fellow Clergymen: I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their “thus saith the Lord” far beyond the boundaries of their hometowns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid. Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial “outside agitator” idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds… In any nonviolent campaign there are four

basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action. We have gone through all these steps in Birmingham. There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis of these conditions, Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But the latter consistently refused to engage in good faith negotiation… You may well ask: “Why direct action? Why sit ins, marches and so forth? Isn't negotiation a better path?” You are quite right in calling for negotiation. Indeed, this is the very purpose of direct action. Nonviolent direct action seeks to create such a crisis and foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no longer be ignored… We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the

Above: 1963 March on Washington (NARA). PHOTO: National Archive.

oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct action campaign that was “well timed” in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. For years now I have heard the word “Wait!” It rings in the ear of every Negro with piercing familiarity. This “Wait” has almost always meant “Never.” We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that “justice too long delayed is justice denied.” We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.

Powered by economic diversity. We believe in creating opportunities for growth that benefit individuals and families, especially in underserved communities. As a major employer and contractor, we’re proud to invest in diverse local businesses and partner with workforce development organizations to foster job creation and empower careers. Learn more at sdge.com. Message funded by shareholders. © 2025 San Diego Gas & Electric® Company. All copyright and trademark rights reserved.

Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say, “Wait.” But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children, and see ominous clouds of inferiority beginning to form in her little mental sky, and see her beginning to distort her personality by developing an unconscious bitterness toward white people; when you have to concoct an answer for a five year old son who is asking: “Daddy, why do white people treat colored people so mean?”; when you take a cross county drive and find it necessary to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because no motel will accept you; when you are humiliated day in and day out by nagging signs reading “white” and “colored”; when your first name becomes “nigger,” your middle name becomes “boy” (however old you are) and your last name becomes "John," and your wife and mother are never given the respected title “Mrs.”; when you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are a Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and outer resentments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of “nobodiness”—then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait. There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer willing to be plunged into the abyss of despair. I hope, sirs, you can understand our legitimate and unavoidable impatience. You express a great deal of anxiety over our

willingness to break laws. This is certainly a legitimate concern…, at first glance it may seem rather paradoxical for us consciously to break laws. One may well ask: “How can you advocate breaking some laws and obeying others?” The answer lies in the fact that there are two types of laws: just and unjust. I would be the first to advocate obeying just laws. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. I would agree with St. Augustine that “an unjust law is no law at all.”… We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was “legal” and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was “illegal.” It was “illegal” to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler’s Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country’s antireligious laws. I must make two honest confessions to you, my Christian and Jewish brothers. First, I must confess that over the past few years I have been gravely disappointed with the white moderate. I have almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro’s great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen’s Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to “order” than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of jus-tice; who constantly says: “I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action.”… In your statement you assert that our actions, even though peaceful, must be condemned because they precipitate violence. But is this a logical assertion? Isn’t this like condemning a robbed man because his possession of money precipitated the evil act of robbery? …We must come to see that, as the federal courts have consistently affirmed, it is wrong to urge an individual to cease his efforts to gain his basic constitutional rights because the quest may precipitate violence. Society must protect the robbed and punish the robber. …We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people. …Perhaps the South, the nation and the world are in dire need of creative extremists. I had hoped that the white moderate would see this need. Perhaps I was too optimistic; perhaps I expected too much. I suppose I should have realized that few members of the oppressor race can understand the deep groans and passionate yearnings of the oppressed race, and still fewer

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026

9

Yes, I love the church. Yes, I see the church as the body of Christ. But, oh! How we have blemished and scarred that body through social neglect and through fear of being nonconformists…

We must accept finite disappointment, but never lose infinite hope. ~ MLK

…I am thankful to God that some noble souls from the ranks of organized religion have broken loose from the paralyzing chains of conformity and joined us as active partners in the struggle for freedom…

have the vision to see that injustice must be rooted out by strong, persistent and determined action. I am thankful, however, that some of our white brothers in the South have grasped the meaning of this social revolution and committed themselves to it… When I was suddenly catapulted into the leadership of the bus protest in Montgomery, Alabama, a few years ago, I felt we would be supported by the white church. I felt that the white ministers, priests and rabbis of the South would be among our strongest allies. Instead, some have been outright opponents, refusing to understand the freedom movement and misrepresenting its leaders; all too many others have been more cautious than courageous and have remained silent behind the anesthetizing security of stained glass windows. In spite of my shattered dreams, I came to Birmingham with the hope that the white religious leadership of this community would see the justice of our cause and, with deep moral concern, would serve as the channel through which our just grievances could reach the power structure. I had hoped that each of you would understand. But again I have been disappointed… On sweltering summer days and crisp autumn mornings I have looked at the South’s beautiful churches with their lofty spires pointing heavenward. I have beheld the impressive outlines of her massive religious education buildings. Over and over I have found myself asking: “What kind of people worship here? Who is their God? Where were their voices when the lips of Governor Barnett dripped with words of interposition and nullification? Where were they when Governor Wallace gave a clarion call for defiance and hatred? Where were their voices of support when bruised and weary Negro men and women decided to rise from the dark dungeons of complacency to the bright hills of creative protest?”

They have carved a tunnel of hope through the dark mountain of disappointment. Before closing I feel impelled to mention one other point in your statement that has troubled me profoundly. You warmly commended the Birmingham police force for keeping “order” and “preventing violence.” I doubt that you would have so warmly commended the police force if you had seen its dogs sinking their teeth into unarmed, nonviolent Negroes. I doubt that you would so quickly commend the policemen if you were to observe their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you were to watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys; if you were to observe them, as they did on two occasions, refuse to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together. I cannot join you in your praise of the Birmingham police department. It is true that the police have exercised a degree of discipline in handling the demonstrators. In this sense they have conducted themselves rather “nonviolently” in public. But for what purpose? To preserve the evil system of segregation… I wish you had commended the Negro sit inners and demonstrators of Birmingham for their sublime courage, their willingness to suffer and their amazing discipline in the midst of great provocation. One day the South will recognize its real heroes… If I have said anything in this letter that overstates the truth and indicates an unreasonable impatience, I beg you to forgive me. If

Martin Luther King Jr.

Celebrating Dr. King’s dedication to community advancement and social unity.

Martin Luther King Jr. Day 1/19/26

I have said anything that understates the truth and indicates my having a patience that allows me to settle for anything less than brotherhood, I beg God to forgive me. I hope this letter finds you strong in the faith. I also hope that circumstances will soon make it possible for me to meet each of you, not as an integrationist or a civil-rights leader but as a fellow clergyman and a Christian brother. Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear drenched communities, and in some not too distant tomorrow the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation with all their scintillating beauty. Yours for the cause of Peace and Brotherhood, Martin Luther King, Jr.

10

Thursday, JANUARY 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

THE WORDS OF DR. KING

Give Us the Ballot Delivered at the Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom gathering at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. May 17, 1957 – Nearly twenty thousand people listened while King and other national civil rights leaders exhorted the president and Congress to fulfill the promise of Brown v. the Board of Education, embodied in the proposed Voting Rights Act.

T

hree years ago the Supreme Court of this nation rendered in simple, eloquent, and unequivocal language a decision which will long be stenciled on the mental sheets of succeeding generations. For all men of goodwill, this May seventeenth decision came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of human captivity. It came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of disinherited people throughout the world who had dared only to dream of freedom. Unfortunately, this noble and sublime decision has not gone without opposition. This opposition has often risen to ominous proportions. Many states have risen up in open defiance. The legislative halls of the South ring loud with such words as “interposition” and “nullification.” But even more, all types of conniving methods are still being used to prevent Negroes from becoming registered voters. The denial of this sacred right is a tragic betrayal of the highest mandates of our democratic tradition. And so our most urgent request to the president of the United States and every member of Congress is to give us the right to vote. Give us the ballot, and we will no longer have to worry the federal government about our basic rights. Give us the ballot, and we will no longer plead to the federal government for passage of an anti-lynching law; we will by the power of our vote write the law on the statute books of the South and bring an end to the dastardly acts of the hooded perpetrators of violence. Give us the ballot, and we will transform the salient misdeeds of bloodthirsty mobs into the

calculated good deeds of orderly citizens. Give us the ballot, and we will fill our legislative halls with men of goodwill and send to the sacred halls of Congress men who will not sign a “Southern Manifesto” because of their devotion to the manifesto of justice. Give us the ballot, and we will place judges on the benches of the south who will do justly and love mercy, and we will place at the head of the southern states governors who have felt not only the tang of the human, but the glow of the Divine. Give us the ballot, and we will quietly and nonviolently, without rancor or bitterness, implement the Supreme Court’s decision of May seventeenth, 1954. In this juncture of our nation’s history, there is an urgent need for dedicated and courageous leadership. If we are to solve the problems ahead and make racial justice a reality, this leadership must be fourfold. First, there is need for strong, aggressive leadership from the federal government. A second area in which there is need for strong leadership is from the white northern liberals. There is a dire need today for a liberalism which is truly liberal. What we are witnessing today in so many northern communities is a sort of quasi-liberalism which is based on the principle of looking sympathetically at all sides. It is a liberalism so bent on seeing all sides, that it fails to become committed to either side. It is a liberalism that is so objectively analytical that it is not subjectively committed. It is a liberalism which is neither hot nor cold, but lukewarm. A third source that we must look to for strong leadership is from the moderates of the white South. It is unfortunate that at this time the leadership of the white South stems from the close-minded reactionaries. These persons gain prominence and power by the dissemination of false ideas and by deliberately appealing to

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and his wife, Coretta Scott King, lead off the final lap to the state capitol at Montgomery, Ala., on March 25, 1965. Thousands of civil rights marchers joined in the walk, which began in Selma, Ala., on March 21, demanding voter registration rights for blacks. Rev. D.F. Reese, of Selma, is at right. (AP Photo)

the deepest hate responses within the human mind. It is my firm belief that this close-minded, reactionary, recalcitrant group constitutes a numerical minority. We must work passionately and unrelentingly for the goal of freedom, but we must be sure that our hands are clean in the struggle. We must never struggle with falsehood, hate, or malice. We must never become bitter. There is another warning signal. We talk a great deal about our rights, and rightly so. We proudly proclaim that three-fourths of the peoples of the world are colored. We have the privilege of noticing in our generation the great drama of freedom and independence as it unfolds in Asia and Africa. All of these things are in line with the unfolding work of Providence. We must also avoid the temptation of being victimized with a psychology of victors. We have won marvelous victories. We have been able to do some of the most amazing things of this generation. But we must not, however, remain satisfied with a court victory over our white brothers.We must respond to every decision with an understanding of those who have opposed us and with an appreciation of the difficult adjustments that the court orders pose

for them. I conclude by saying that each of us must keep faith in the future. Let us not despair. Let us realize that as we struggle for justice and freedom, we have cosmic companionship. There is something in our faith that says to us, “Never despair; never give up; never feel that the cause of righteousness and justice is doomed.” There is something in our Christian faith, at the center of it, which says to us that Good Friday may occupy the throne for a day, but ultimately it must give way to the triumphant beat of the drums of Easter. When the history books are written in the future, the historians will have to look back and say, “There lived a great people. A people with ‘fleecy locks and black complexion,’ but a people who injected new meaning into the veins of civilization; a people which stood up with dignity and honor and saved Western civilization in her darkest hour; a people that gave new integrity and a new dimension of love to our civilization.” When that happens, “the morning stars will sing together, and the sons of God will shout for joy.” SOURCE: www.CivilRightsDigitalLibrary.com

“The time is always right to do what is right.” Martin Luther King, Jr.

JANUARY 19

The County of San Diego is committed to a just, sustainable, equitable and resilient future for all.

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 15, 2026

King’s Nobel Peace Prize

ACCEPTANCE SPEECH

11

The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. ~ MLK

blows and jail and had discovered that the power of the soul is greater than the might of violence. These unknown thousands had given this movement the international acclaim, which we received from the Norwegian Parliament."

December 10, 1964 - University of Oslo in Oslo, Norway. At the age of thirty-five, Dr. King received the Nobel Prize “for his non-violent struggle for civil rights for the Afro-American population.” The prestigious award propelled the modern American Civil Rights Movement onto the global stage.

I

accept the Nobel Prize for Peace at a moment when 22 million Negroes of the United States of America are engaged in a creative battle to end the long night of racial injustice. I am mindful that only yesterday in Birmingham, Alabama, our children were answered with fire hoses, snarling dogs and even death. I am mindful that only yesterday in Philadelphia, Mississippi, young people were brutalized and murdered. And only yesterday more than 40 houses of worship in the State of Mississippi alone were bombed or burned because they offered a sanctuary to those who would not accept segregation. Therefore, I must ask why this prize is awarded to a movement which is beleaguered and committed to unrelenting struggle; to a movement which has not won the very peace and brotherhood which is the essence of the Nobel Prize. After contemplation, I conclude that this award is a profound recognition that nonviolence is the answer to the crucial political and moral question of our time – the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to violence and oppression. Negroes of the United States have demonstrated that nonviolence is not sterile passivity, but a powerful moral

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. shakes the hand of King Olav of Norway at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway. PHOTO: National Park Service

force which makes for social transformation. Sooner or later all the people of the world will have to discover a way to live together in peace. If this is to be achieved, man must evolve for all human conflict a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love. I accept this award today with an abiding faith in America and an audacious faith in

the future of mankind. I refuse to accept despair as the final response to the ambiguities of history. I refuse to accept the idea that the “isness” of man’s present nature makes him morally incapable of reaching up for the eternal “oughtness” that forever confronts him. I refuse to accept the idea that man is mere flotsom and jetsom in the river of life, unable to influence the unfolding events which surround him. I refuse to accept the

view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality. I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. I believe that even amid today’s mortar bursts and whining bullets, there is still hope for a brighter tomorrow. I believe that wounded justice can be lifted from this dust of shame. I have the audacity to believe that people everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality and freedom for their spirits. I believe that what self-centered men have torn down men other-centered can build up. I still believe that We Shall overcome! This faith can give us courage to face the uncertainties of the future. It will give our tired feet new strength as we continue our forward stride toward the city of freedom. When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds and our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, we will know that we are living in the creative turmoil of a genuine civilization struggling to be born. Today I come to Oslo as a trustee, inspired and with renewed dedication to humanity. I accept this prize on behalf of all men who love peace and brotherhood. I say I come as a trustee, for in the depths of my heart I am aware that this prize is much more than an honor to me personally. SOURCE: U.S. Department of the Interior and Les Prix Nobel en 1964, Editor Göran Liljestrand, [Nobel Foundation], Stockholm, 1965

UDW IS PROUD TO SUPPORT THE

SAN DIEGO VOICE AND VIEWPOINT

We are a union of home care and family child care providers. We fight for more than just pay and working conditions. We revolutionalize care and transform our communities so that we all thrive.

Fighting for workers and our communities | UDW.org

/UDW

@UDW_Union

REMEMBERING DR. KING

r. King stated, "This Nobel Prize was won by a movement of great people, whose discipline, wise restraint, and majestic courage has led them down D a nonviolent course in seeking to establish a reign of justice and a rule of love across this nation of ours: Herbert Lee, Fannie Lou Hamer, Medgar Evers, Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner, and the thousands of children in Birmingham, Albany, St. Augustine, and Savannah who had accepted physical

12

Thursday, January 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

D

r. Martin Luther King, Jr. has been celebrated visually in many ways, but one of the most creative has been with carefully curated murals in San Diego. With the aid of the City of San Diego and various grants for creative endeavors, a number of local artists have been given the opportunity to immortalize MLK with artwork throughout the city.

By Aryka Randall Contributing Writer

EUCLID AVENUE OFF I-15 AND MLK JR. HWY The most notable of these murals is the “Power to the People” visual located between Interstate 15 and Euclid Avenue off of Highway 94, also known as “MLK Jr. Hwy”. The mural was created by Phillip Matzigkeit in 2005 and spans almost 20 feet

high and 225 feet long. The mural highlights MLK in three segments, one of them capturing his “I Have A Dream” speech. The significance of the particular location of this mural is large as it comes after a history of controversy surrounding renaming California Highway 94 to MLK Jr Fwy. In Spring of 1986, the San Diego City Council voted against a name change for Highway 94. Instead they voted to change Market

Street to Martin Luther King Way and a little over a year later, local voters pivoted on their decision in a referendum that restored the Market Street name. The city went back and forth deciding whether MLK should be honored with a statue in Balboa Park, by adding his name on the Convention Center, or by pushing to have the name of the Highway changed yet again.

Eventually, Assemblyman Pete Chacon and State Senator Wadie P. Deddeh pushed for the renaming of Highway 94 and the Legislature approved the request with the provision that private donations would be needed to pay for the new signage. It was then that The Martin Luther King Jr. Freeway Committee was formed to raise funds for these efforts.

“Power to the People” mural located between Interstate 15 and Euclid Avenue off of Highway 94

Your Health. Our Mission. “Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health is the most shocking and inhumane.” – Martin Luther King Jr.

Opening Late 2026! San Ysidro Health’s New Urgent Care at the Joe & Vi Jacobs Center 404 Euclid Ave, San Diego, CA 92114

Scan the QR code to find a location near you

HIGH QUALITY AND AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE SERVICES SINCE 1969

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 15, 2026

13

We are not makers of history. We are made by history. ~ MLK

OCEAN VIEW BLVD AND 35TH STREET

OAK PARK

Two more of the notable murals dedicated to MLK in San Diego are located near Barrio Logan. One of them is on the corner of 32nd Street and Imperial Avenue and features a number of famous activists, including Martin Luther King Jr. The mural was originally created in 1986 and was restored in 2002 by well known artist Mario Torero who has completed a number of well known murals throughout San Diego. Torero took a grassroots approach to restoring the mural with the help of a GoFundMe campaign and a few local supporters and friends.

The third mural highlighting Martin Luther King Jr. is located between the intersection of Ocean View Boulevard and 35th Street and was created by artist Rik Erickson who has also completed a number of murals in San Diego. His visual dedication to Martin Luther King Jr. was commissioned by the City of San Diego Graffiti Division.

The last and arguably most hidden mural of MLK in San Diego is located in Oak Park at Redwood and 54th street behind on the backside of a business. The mural was created by David Mena as a way to honor the late civil rights activist and to restore the building which had been vandalized several times in the past. The mural was completed in 2021 and has not been vandalized since its completion. Ocean View Boulevard and 35th Street mural

NATIONAL CITY As previously mentioned, artist Mario Terero is known for several of his murals throughout the city. His second mural of Martin Luther King Jr. can be found on one of four panels mounted on the exterior of the San Ysidro Health-South Bay Health Center located at 330 E. Eighth St. in National City. The vibrant colors and elevated surface of the panel give this particular mural extra flair which is perfect for its prime location. Terero completed the mural with the help of Blue Shield of California Promise Health Plan which provided a $15,000 sponsorship to local nonprofit ‘A Reason To Survive’ to purchase supplies and commission an artist.

MLK mural in Oak Park at Redwood and 54th MLK mural at South Bay Health Center located at 330 E. Eighth S

32nd Street and Imperial Avenue activist mural

Remembering the contributions Martin Luther King Jr. made to society and the Civil Rights movement are important. Seeing him immortalized in the form of art in some of the most culture rich areas in San Diego is a nice reminder of how far equality has come with the help of great leaders like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

PHOTOS: Aryka Randall

REMEMBERING DR. KING

BARRIO LOGAN

A Review of the Struggle to Name Something

After Dr. King By Macy Meinhardt Voice & Viewpoint Staff Writer

still remains true.

The naming process of San Diego’s Martin Luther King Jr. Way—the western portion of Interstate 5 beginning in downtown San Diego through Spring Valley—was not one that necessarily had the best interests of the Black community at heart.

The story goes back to December 1985 when Coretta Scott King came to visit The San Diego Educational Cultural Complex. During her address, Mrs. King called upon San Diegans to advocate for worldwide peace in commemoration of her late husband’s birthday.

The selection to use the interstate as San Diego’s was a result of a two year contentious debate surrounding Black community leaders and white business owners in Downtown San Diego during the ‘80s. LA Times journalist Ralph Frammolino at the time named the overpass “a focal point of an ideological and political battle” with “overtones of racism.” For some, forty years later that sentiment

The Debate Begins

Michel Anderson was serving as the chair of the Martin Luther King State Holiday Commission at the time. “Anybody who was anybody came out,” he said of the turnout of the event. The nation would go on to celebrate the first annual Martin Luther King federal holiday one month later in January ‘86. Based on Anderson’s account, these two events kicked off the debate for how “America’s Finest City” would individually honor King. First, former City Manager Slyvester Murray, nominated a fivemile stretch off Euclid Avenue and 54th Street to be named after King, notably because it cut through an area known for its diverse ethnic population. Many residents rejected this proposal however as a larger objection to King’s tactics and mission. Under pressure, the council set aside Murray’s recommendation.

Back to the Drawing Board Having to pivot, San Diego City Council voted in April ‘86 to rename Market Street to Martin Luther King Jr. Way. But once again, business owners and residents along Market Street vehemently opposed and launched a grassroot “Keep Market Street Initiative” in an effort to overturn the city council decision, also known as Proposition F. Coretta Scott King, widow of Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke at ECC in 1985. PHOTO: Courtesy of The San Diego Community College District

According to Todd Firotto, a lead-

Martin Luther King sign being replaced in San Diego,,1989. PHOTO: Vince Compagnone, San Diego Free Press

er of the Keep Market Street Initiative, preserving the "history" and "heritage" of the street were the primary motivations behind the opposition campaigns. “Don’t kill somebody else’s heritage for the sake of his (King’s),” Firotto said. “He wouldn’t want that.” Additional concerns included the expenses involved in updating addresses on checks and invoices. But, Black community leaders branded their initiative as racially motivated, and a “slap in the face to King.” Vowing to fight against the measure, a counter campaign was formulated called “Keep MLK Jr. Way.”

The Legacy of King in the Hands of Voters

Vote No on Proposition F. Flyer circa 1987. PHOTO: Courtesy of Michel Anderson

Thrusting the city into a racially and politically divisive debate, the issue was put on the Novemmber ‘87 ballot for residents to ultimately decide.

Pro-King forces backed by the San Diego Urban League and the Baptist Ministers Union of San Diego sponsored a downtown march, and advertised their “Say No to Prop. F” initiative in minority newspa-

pers, including The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint. American singer, actor, and civil rights activist Harry Belafonte also joined in the movement, starring in a commercial where he urged viewers SEE STRUGGLE, Page 14

14

Thursday, January 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

How Dr. King's Legacy Continued:

The Impact of His Children Today By Voice & Viewpoint Staff

Yolanda Denise King Born on November 17, 1955, Yolanda Denise King was an activist, actress, and the eldest child of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. Growing up in Montgomery, Alabama, during the height of the civil rights movement, she witnessed significant events, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the bombing of her family’s Birmingham home. Yolanda graduated from Smith College with a degree in theater and African American studies, later earning an MFA from New York University. Through acting, she promoted themes of equality and peace, portraying figures like Rosa Parks and participating in films like Ghosts of Mississippi. Yolanda passed away on May 15, 2007, at age 51, leaving a legacy of artistic activism.

Martin Luther King III Born on October 23, 1957, Martin Luther King III is the eldest son of Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. A human rights advocate, King III works to advance his parents’ legacy of nonviolence and equality. Growing up during the civil rights movement, he experienced his father’s assassination at age 10. King III graduated from Morehouse College with a degree in political science. As president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (1997–2004), he promoted voter rights, gun control, and poverty alleviation. He founded nonprofit organization Realizing the Dream to carry on the legacy of his parents carrying out initiatives on both the domestic and international level and continues to advocate for justice globally. He lives with his wife, Arndrea Waters King, and their daughter, Yolanda Renee King.

Dexter Scott King Born on January 30, 1961, Dexter Scott King was the second son of Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. An activist, author, and filmmaker, Dexter passed away on January 22, 2024, following a battle with cancer.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and his wife, Coretta Scott King, sit with three of their four children in their Atlanta, Ga, home, on March 17, 1963. From left are: Martin Luther King III, 5, Dexter Scott, 2, and Yolanda Denise, 7. (AP Photo)

Dexter played a significant role as chair of The King Center, an institution established by Coretta Scott King to preserve the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. During his tenure, he focused on modernizing the center and promoting its mission to educate others about nonviolence. Though he did not complete his studies at Morehouse College, Dexter dedicated his life to promoting nonviolence, authoring Growing Up King, and producing documentaries on civil rights. He also advocated for animal rights and veganism. His contributions to civil rights discussions and his father’s teachings remain impactful.

WHY CHOOSE SAN DIEGO UNIFIED? San Diego Unified's focus on high-quality learning embodies Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s values by elevating historically underrepresented voices, recognizing and addressing bias, and dismantling systems that limit opportunity, while honoring the diverse cultures, identities, and experiences of all students, families, staff, and communities.

Born on March 28, 1963, Bernice Albertine King is the youngest child of Martin Luther King Jr. and Coretta Scott King. An attorney, minister, and activist, Bernice is CEO of The King Center, leading its modernization since 2012. A graduate of Spelman College, Bernice holds degrees in divinity and law from Emory University. She launched initiatives like “Nonviolence365,” training individuals in conflict resolution and social change. Despite family disputes over Martin Luther King Jr.’s estate, Bernice’s leadership inspires efforts for a peaceful, equitable world, continuing her parents’ vision for justice and nonviolence.

STRUGGLE: Continued from page 13

to “Vote no on Prop F” to avoid a “slap in the face” to memory of King. Despite their efforts, up to 80,000 signatures supported the removal of MLK’s name tribute from Market Street; ultimately nullifying the City Council's decision the year prior. “It was very clear that the proposition was going to pass because people disagreed with the process used and they also wanted to protect the tradition of Market Street,” said former Mayor at the time, Maureen O’ Connor.

Black students between 2023 and 2025 have achieved:

The tribute to Dr. King in downtown San Diego lasted for thirteen months. In addition, San Diego had become the second city in the nation at the time where residents overturned and rejected a memorial for Dr. King.

6.8% Increase in Graduation Rate 4.2% Increase in College & Career Readiness

Same Story, Different Chapter Over the next two years, the city dabbled with finding more suitable options for finding a tribute to honor the legacy of King. From the Black community, the most appropriate alternative to Market Street was to name the convention center–under construction at the time—after the late civil rights leader. But once again, that was rejected in a 4-3 vote by the Board of Port Commissioners. Since San Diego couldn't make a decision on its own, state leaders intervened and proposed a resolution to rename the western

“Quite simply, the decision by San Diego voters was shameful. It’s embarrassing to look back on now and frankly the majority of San Diegans should have recognized it was an embarrassment at the time,” wrote Charles T. Clark, in a 2021 UT op-ed.

4.1 Point Increase in Math Scores 4.1 Point increase in English Language Arts Scores 1.5% Decrease in Chronic Absenteeism

Bernice Albertine King

ENROLL NOW Visit:

SanDiegoUnified.org

Call:

619-260-2410

Swift replacement was urged by the Western Portion of California 94, named MLK Jr Freeway in 1989. city council and community mem- PHOTO: Aryka Randall/Voice & Viewpoint bers to find a “bigger” and “better” tribute to Dr. King somewhere in the city. portion of California 94 to MLK Jr. Freeway. “TO REPUDIATE THE CITY COUNCIL Even though the freeway alternative wasn't a ACTION IS TO REPUDIATE THOSE PRINwidely favored option by San Diego's Black CIPLES DR. KING WAS DEVOTED TO.” community, it received approval in September - Commentary signed in a press release by the 1989, and the signage and freeway pass have San Diego Imperial Counties Labor Council in persisted to this day. 1987.

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 15, 2026

15

Tributes to Dr. King From Around the World Inspiring Justice Everywhere

Faith is taking the first step even when you don't see the whole staircase. ~ MLK

By Tihut Tamrat Voice & Viewpoint Staff Writer

United States

1. Austin, Texas

2. Washington, D.C.

4. Seattle, Washington

A bronze statue at the University of Texas at Austin celebrates King’s contributions to civil rights.

Martin Luther King Jr. Statue

1. London, England

international

3. Atlanta, Georgia

PHOTOS: Public Domain

A Martin Luther King Jr. stands in Westminster Abbey above the Abbey’s Great West Door, placed in the Modern Martyrs section, honoring him as a global figure of justice. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Statue

Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial

King Center

Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Park

Located in the National Mall, this prominent memorial features a massive statue of Dr. King carved out of stone, titled "Stone of Hope," surrounded by inscriptions of his quotes.

While not a statue, the King Center features a memorial with a reflecting pool and the tombs of Dr. King and his wife, Mrs. Coretta Scott King.

This park features a sculpture that honors Dr. King and his legacy.

2. Dublin, Ireland

Martin Luther King Jr. Monument Park

A tree grove in Merrion Square Park includes a plaque commemorating Martin Luther King Jr. and his efforts for peace and equality.

3. Wassenaar, Netherlands

4. Bono Manso, Ghana

5. Havana, Cuba

Martin Luther King Park Statue

Martin Luther King Jr. Monument

Parque Martin Luther King

A statue of Martin Luther King stands in the International Park of Wassenaar, near The Hague, initially placed without permission, symbolizing his global message of peace.

The Martin Luther King Jr. Monument is located, in Bono East, Ghana. A bronze bust will be added to celebrate his 1957 visit during the country’s independence celebrations.

A park in Havana includes a tribute to Martin Luther King, recognizing his influence on civil rights and social justice worldwide.

6. Newcastle upon Tyne, England Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Statue

A civil rights plaque and statue celebrate Martin Luther King's honorary degree from Newcastle University in 1967.

CORP08002 Voice and Viewpoint MLK Ad CMYK Half Page Full Color Size: 13”w x 10.5” No Bleed PB Option A

Honoring the Memory of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Sharp HealthCare celebrates Dr. King’s legacy of hope and healing. We are dedicated to achieving health equity by addressing the needs, challenges and cultural norms that affect care access, engagement and choices throughout our diverse community.

CORP08002 ©2026 SHC

REMEMBERING DR. KING

S

tatues and monuments honoring Martin Luther King Jr. are found around the world, reflecting on his global impact as a symbol of peace, justice, and civil rights. These statues and memorials are tangible reminders of Dr.King’s universal appeal, as each location reflects the reach of his message beyond America, touching hearts and minds across diverse cultures and communities. Here are some notable ones:

THE WORDS OF DR. KING

Thursday, January 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

King’s Historic San Diego Speech

“Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution” M

ay 29, 1964 - Delivered in San Diego, CA at Point Loma Nazarene University to a crowd of nearly 3,500. At the time, San Diego was known as the “Mississippi of the West.” The phrase was coined by San Diego’s long-standing District 4 Councilman, Reverend Dr. George Stevens, who was also a former CORE chair and NAACP president.

T

he great challenge facing every man and every woman today is to remain awake through this great social revolution... Somewhere we must come to see that human progress never rolls in on the wheels of inevitability. It comes through the tireless efforts and the persistent work of dedicated individuals who are willing to be

co-workers with God... It may be true that morality cannot be legislated, but behavior can be regulated. It may be true that the law cannot change the heart but it can restrain the heartless. It may be true that the law can’t make a man love me, but it can restrain him from lynching me.

“

And so, while the law may not change the hearts of men, it does change the habits of men.

— MLK

“

16

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr FACT vs FICTION By Voice & Viewpoint Staff

FICTION

FICTION

FICTION

FICTION

FICTION

King abandoned nonviolence in his last years

King was a Republican

King’s first name is Martin

King believed in “colorblindess”

King was solemn and serious all the time

Dr. King consistently advocated for nonviolence throughout his life, viewing it as the most effective strategy for achieving social justice. In the years leading up to his death Rev. Lewis Baldwin, a historian on King says “he was looking for more radical means of nonviolence” such as stopping traffic and having demonstrators tie themselves to pillars of congress, “but he never gave up on nonviolence,” Baldwin asserts.

Dr. King did not publicly endorse any political party. While his father, Martin Luther King, Sr., was briefly a Republican, Dr. King focused on policies and actions rather than party affiliations, often criticizing both Democrats and Republicans for their shortcomings on civil rights.

Wh i l e D r. King dreamed of a future where character mattered more than skin color, he acknowledged the deep complexities of race and systemic inequalities.

Those close to the leader knew King’s lively and humorous side—he loved soul food, R&B music, and loved telling jokes, earning him a reputation as the comedian of the civil rights movement among his inner circle.

FACT

FACT

FACT

In 1934, after visiting Germany and becoming inspired by Protestant Reformation leader Martin Luther, Michael King, Sr. changed his own name to Martin Luther King,Sr. and changed his fiveyear-old son's name to Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s original birth certificate states his name at birth as Michael King.

FACT

FACT

*Sources contributed to this article include CNN and The Washington Post.

San Diego City College Celebrates The legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. by standing for justice, opportunity, and equitable access to education. APPLY/REGISTER TODAY!

sdcity.edu/spring SPRING 2026 CLASSES START FEBRUARY 2

Scan the QR Code to Register

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 15, 2026

17

CHURCH DIRECTORY Bethel Baptist Church

Calvary Baptist Church

3085 K Street San Diego, CA 92102

1962 Euclid Ave. San Diego, CA 92105

719 Cesar E. Chavez Pkwy San Diego, CA 92113

619.232.0510 • www.bethelamesd.com

619.266.2411 • www.bethelbc.com bethel@bethelbc.com

619.233.6487 • www.calvarybcsd.org calvarybaptist1889@gmail.com

10:00 A.M. Sunday Service In Person, Live Stream on Facebook, Youtube and on bethelamesd.com

Dr. John W. Ringgold, Sr. Pastor

Rev. Dr. Obie Tentman, Jr.

Rev. Dennis R. Anderson D. Min., Pastor

580 69th Street, San Diego, CA 92114

3025 Fir Street San Diego, CA 92102

6020 Akins Ave. San Diego, CA 92114

619.264.1454 • warnerdt1@aol.com

619-239-2346 • www.christunitedsd.org

Sunday Worship 10:30 a.m. & 2:30 p.m. (Ghanaian) Sunday School 9:30 a.m.. Grace Gathering Bible Study Wednesdays 4:00 pm

619.264.8641 • encantosbc.com

Sunday Bible Study 8:45 a.m. Sunday Morning Service 10:00 a.m. Sunday Bible Class 5:00 p.m. Sunday Evening Worship 6:00 p.m. Wednesday Bible Class 7:00 p.m. Friday Video Bible Class 7:00 p.m

Lead Pastor Dr. Kerry Allison

McGill School of Success: Academy (Public Charter & Head Start)

2025 Theme: BOLD FAITH, BOUNDLESS LOVE

“Come Worship With Us”

Vision Statement: A diverse family united by faith in the Gospel, motivated by love for God and others to Exalt, Evangelize, Edify, Equip and Encourage.

Macedonia Missionary Baptist Church

Mesa View Baptist Church

605 S. 45th Street San Diego, CA 92113-1905

625 Quail Street San Diego, CA 92102

13230 Pomerado Road Poway, CA 92064

619.263.3097 • t.obie95@yahoo.com

619.263.4544

Sunday School 9 :00 a.m. Sunday Morning Worship 10:30 a.m. Wednesday Prayer 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 noon Wednesday Bible Study 7:00 p.m.

Sunday School 9 :30 a.m. Sunday Morning Service 11:00 a.m. Tuesday Bible Study & Prayer Meeting 12:00 noon & 6:00 p.m.

858.485.6110 • www.mesaview.org Email: mvbcadmin@mesaview.org

Pastor Melvin A. Watts

Pastor Dr. Darrow Perkins Jr.

We are using YouTube under our website of www.mesaview.org or www.YouTube.com 8:45 A.M. Sunday School Class - Via Zoom Call Contact Office for detail 10 A.M. Sunday Service • 7 P.M. Wednesday Bible Study Visit our site for previous sermons: www.mesaview.org

Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist Church SD

New Assurance Baptist Church

New Creation Church of San Diego

3045 Greely Avenue San Diego, CA 92113

7024 Amherst Street San Diego, CA 92115

3115 Altadena Ave. San Diego, CA 92105

619.233.3296 • www.mzionsandiego.org

619.469.4916 Email: newassurancebaptistchurch@yahoo.com

Sundays 10am newcreationchurchofsd.com Email: Info@ncc-sd.org Facebook & Youtube: New Creation Church of San Diego

Sunday School: 9:30 a.m.- Morning Worship: 11:00 a.m. Wednesday Night Live! Midweek Bible Study: 6:30 p.m. Teleconference: 978-990-5496 Access #2895627

Rev. Jared B. Moten, Senior Pastor

Sunday School: 9:30 a.m.- In person & Live Stream Sunday Morning Worship: 11:00 a.m.- In person & Live Stream Wednesday Night Bible Study & Prayer: 6:30 p.m.- In person & Live Stream

Pastor Brent & Lady Daviava Murphy

“A new Hope, A new Life, A new Way through Jesus Christ 2 Corinthians 5:17 A change is coming”

New Hope Friendship Missionary Baptist Church

Phillips Temple CME Church

Pilgrim Progressive Baptist Church

2205 Harrison Avenue San Diego, CA 92113

5333 Geneva Ave. San Diego, CA 92114

4995 A Street San Diego, CA 92102

619-234-5506 • Fax 619 234-8732 Email: newhopeadm@gmail.com

619.262.2505

619.264.3369

Sunday Breakfast @ 8:00 AM Church Service 9:00 AM In-Person and on, Live Stream Facebook.com/PTCSanDiego & YouTube - Zoom Go to ptcmesd@gmail.com Sunday School @ 10:30 Wednesday Bible Study @ 6:00 PM In-Person and On Zoom ID: 81144203904 P: 867104

Sunday School 9 :00 a.m. Morning Service 10:45 a.m. New Membership Orientation BTU 6:00 p.m. Wednesday Eve Prayer Service 6:00 p.m.

10 A.M. Sunday Service Live Stream on Facebook, Youtube, Sunday School Lesson Immediately following service. 12 P.M. Wednesday Bible Study Live Stream on Facebook, 2P.M. on Youtube

Pastor Nyla Barker

Pastor Donnell and First Lady Sheila Townsend

“To Serve this present age” Matt: 28:19-20

St. Paul's United Methodist Church of San Diego

Total Deliverance Worship Center

Eagles Nest Christian Center

3094 L Street San Diego, CA 92102

138 28th Street San Diego, CA 92102

3619 College Ave. San Diego, CA 92115

619.232.5683

www.totaldeliverance.org Fax: 619.303.2008 Mail: 7373 University Ave. Suite 217, La Mesa, CA 91942

619.266.2293 • jwarren@sdvoice.info www.facebook.com/EaglesNestChristianCenter

9:30 A.M. Sunday Service In Person, Live Stream on Facebook - www.facebook.com/stpaulsumcsd Food Distribution 1st & 4th Thursday Noon–2:00 PM & 3:30-5:30 PM Diaper Program 1st & 4th Thursday Noon – 2:00 PM & 3:30-5:30 PM Higher Reach AA every Friday, Noon – 1:00 PM

True Light Apostolic Church 5400 Division Street San Diego, CA 92114 619.262.6924

Pastor Asa A. McClendon

Pastor Robert Pope

Lively Stones Missionary Baptist Church

I was glad when they said to me, “Let us go to the house of the LORD!” Psalms 122:1

Rev. Dr. Eugenio D. Raphael

“A Church Where Family, Faith & Fellowship Matters”

Encanto Southern Baptist Church

“Evangelizing, Equipping, Exalting and Excellence in Service”

Pastor Milton Chambers, Sr. & First Lady Alice Chambers

Sr. Pastor Dr. Kevin E. Stafford First Lady Margina Stafford

Sundays Bible Discovery Hour 9 a.m. - 10 a.m. Mid Morning Worship 10:15 a.m. Wednesday Noon Day Bible Study 12:00 noon Wednesday Discipleship Training 7:00 p.m.

Christ United Presbyterian Church

Church of Christ

Minister Donald R. Warner Sr.

Sunday Worship Service 10:00 a.m. Sunday School 8:30 a.m. Youth & Children's Church 10:00 a.m. 2nd & 4th Sunday Community Prayer (Hemera) Tues., Wed., Thurs., Fri. 7:30 a.m. on Zoom Mid Week Prayer Wednesday at 7:00 p.m. In-Person

12:00 P.M. Sunday Service In Person, Live Stream on Facebook Follow us on Facebook @ True Light Apostolic Church Saints every Wednesday & Friday at 7:30 P.M.

Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. Acts 2:38

Voice &Viewpoint

Suffragan Bishop Dr. William A. Benson, Pastor & Dr. Rachelle Y. Benson, First Lady

Sunday Early Morning Worship Service 9:00 a.m. and 11:30 a.m.

Sunday Services: Bible Study: 9 :00 a.m. • Worship: 11:00 a.m. Pastor Dr. John E. Warren

“It Takes Team Work to Make the Dream Work”

Join Us via Zoom Meeting:

LET YOUR CONGREGATION GROW Advertise your worship services in print and also be seen online with the San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

Online or Dial: 1(669) 900-6833

REACH YOUR COMMUNITY AND PARISHIONERS HERE!

Meeting ID: 856 4577 6750 • Passcode: 461762

—

https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85645776750?pwd=YW96ZVJBTUpWR3k4SUtHbzY1V1JDQT09 Meeting ID: 856 4577 6750 • Passcode: church

619-266-2233 | ads@sdvoice.info

CHURCH DIRECTORY ADS

“We are waiting for You” MONTHLY

Rev. Harvey L. Vaughn, III

Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church of San Diego

18

A LOOK BACK:

Thursday, January 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

H

www.sdvoice.info

ighlights from past parades and community celebrations are included here on pages 18-19, along with a history of the Annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Parade written by the late Dr Robert Matthews, who gave more than 30 years of leadership to the event.

2015

2017

2019

2020

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 15, 2026

PAST MLK PARADES

19

Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. ~ MLK

THE LOCAL MLK PARADE

By the Late Dr. Robert Matthews Added notes by Dr. John E. Warren

2023

T

REMEMBERING DR. KING

History in San Diego

he Martin Luther King, Jr. Parade in San Diego started in 1980 at the Knox Elementary School on 49th Street. It was organized by Dr. Francine Wells. This was before there was a Martin Luther King, Jr. holiday or even a desire in San Diego to name a street after Dr. King, as so many other cities had done. The Knox Elementary School parade, which started on the school playground, was led by Dr. Goodwin, then Superintendent of Schools for San Diego.

In 1981, a committee was formed to continue the parade. It was funded by the National Christian Foundation until 1985. It was in 1986 that the Alpha Phi Fraternity took on the responsibility of coordinating the parade. Dr. Carol Reeves and Dr. Robert are the only original Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity brothers who remain on the Parade Committee.

2024

Prior to the creation of the Martin Luther King, Jr. National holiday, all parades of significance in San Diego were held on Broadway. As a means of validating Dr. King, the Parade moved from the community route which had grown to include 47th St., Imperial Avenue to Euclid Avenue and Euclid Avenue to Logan to downtown Broadway. After the establishment of the Federal Holiday in honor of Dr. King, all parades downtown were moved to Harbor Drive, with the exception of the King Parade. The initial reason was that the other parades took place during the week and did not interfere with cruise ship schedules as the industry began to grow in San Diego. The King Parade ended up marching around Petco Park’s Parking lot, which was a disgrace to many. After more talks with the San Diego Port Authority, it was agreed that the parade could take place on Harbor Drive on Sunday afternoons until this day.

2025

44th Annual Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Parade 2026 Martin Luther King Jr.

Neighborhood Parade

MLK DAY PARADE ROUTE– Information

Sunday, January 18th, 2026 at 11:00 AM

Harbor Drive - Pacific Hwy near Embassy Suites Harbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92101 Celebrate the legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on Harbor Drive for the 44th Annual Martin Luther King Jr. Parade! This parade is coordinated by San Diego’s Zeta Sigma Lambda Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc., the oldest African American fraternity in America, founded in 1906. The seven men who founded Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc. at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York recognized the need for a strong bond of Brotherhood among African descendants in this country. Dr. King was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha.

MLK DAY PARADE INFORMATION PARADE PROCESSION 11AM - 1PM 1. Begin staging parade and 5k at Grape and Harbor Dr. - Ash St. 2. Parade to continue Southbound on Harbor Dr. 3. Parade will turn right on Pacific Hwy, going south. 4. Parade will disband on Pacific Hwy near Embassy Suites. For more information, visit https://www. sandiegoalphas.com/ mlk-parade .

Saturday, January 24th, 2026 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

The parade will start at Valencia Park Elementary School, near the intersection of Valencia Parkway and Skyline Drive. The parade will end at the MLK Park and Recreation Center at 6401 Skyline Drive, where there will be a celebration. to honor Dr. King’s life and legacy. PARADE ROUTE

20

Thursday, January 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info

OBITUARIES Carrie Lee Dunbar

James Fredrick Steele

King David Smith

SUNRISE

SUNRISE

SUNRISE

11/28/1935

01/05/1942

05/03/1937

SUNSET

SUNSET

SUNSET

12/25/2025

11/25/2025

11/27/2025

ARRANGEMENTS BY ANDERSON RAGSDALE MORTUARY

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

Service Schedule

Service was held January 6, 2026, at Preferred Cremation and Burial. ***************************************************************************

Service was held December 22, 2025, at Greater Victory Baptist Church. ***************************************************************************

Viewing January 22, 2026 from 4pm – 7pm Preferred Cremation and Burial 6406 University Ave San Diego, CA 92115 619-584-7000

James Fredrick Steele, affectionately known as James to his friends and family, lived a life as full and vibrant as his boisterous laugh. Born January 5, 1942, in Cook, Illinois, James began an extraordinary journey that came to a peaceful end November 25, 2025, in San Diego, California. His life was marked by courage, service, and an unmistakable zest that brought smiles to all he knew.

King David Smith, affectionately known as Chief, KD, Smitty, Dave, David, Uncle and Pop, was born May 3, 1937, in Perry, Florida to the late Rev. William N. Smith and Sarah Smith. In 1944, the family relocated to Jacksonville, Florida, where he attended school and church, accepting Christ at an early age. Chief often recalled hearing his father recite sermons in his sleep, sparking his lifelong love for learning and sharing the gospel.

Homegoing Service January 23, 2026 from 11:30am – 1:30pm Viewing 11:30am -12pm Service 12pm – 1:30pm St. Stephens COGIC 5825 Imperial Ave San Diego, CA 92114 Grave Side Service immediately following Homegoing Greenwood Memorial Park 4300 Imperial Ave San Diego, CA 92113 Repast in the Greenwood Banquet Hall behind the business office. Please honor Mother Dunbar by wearing something red.

May Time Soften Your Pain In times of darkness, love sees… In times of silence, love hears...

James was a trailblazer from an early age. In 1957, he made history as the first African American in Illinois to win a State Championship in swimming. His athletic achievements continued as a member of the Chicago Bears Developmental Squad from 1962 to 1963. More than an athlete, James was a patriot. Drafted into the U.S. Army in 1963, he served with distinction in Vietnam as a sniper with the 173rd Airborne Brigade, earning two Purple Hearts with gold clusters and a Bronze Star Medal for bravery. In 1969, James continued his service by enlisting in the U.S. Navy. Assigned to five naval ships, he traveled twice around the world and served honorably until retiring in 1990 as a Boatswain’s Mate First Class. His dedication to service extended beyond the military through his involvement in the Masonic community. He crossed the burning sands, became a Shriner, and ultimately attained the rank of Sovereign Grand Inspector General of the 33rd degree. Off duty, James was a maestro in the kitchen. He earned an Associate Degree in Culinary Arts from Mesa College in 2002, and his kitchen became a place of warmth, laughter, and great food. He loved music, cooking, and cheering on his beloved Chicago Bears. His humor was legendary, his kindness genuine, and his laughter unforgettable. He leaves behind a legacy of love and laughter through his devoted family: his son Justin Vance Jabari Steele, daughter Barbara Marie Noni Lutu, cherished grandson Makoa Steele Fa’amalo Lutu, son-in-law Fa’amalo Lutu, beloved nieces and nephews; Earl (Rodney) Steele, Courtney Steele, Pauline Steele, Denise Bolden, Melanie Mueller, and Stephanie Bradley, and a host of great-nieces, nephews, and cousins. James lived with positivity, humor, and grace. As James would say, “I am doing good, but if I had your hand, I would throw it in.” His life was rich, and we are better for having known him.

At seventeen, Chief joined the United States Navy, proudly serving 21 years before retiring in 1975 as a Chief Hull Technician. He served honorably during the Korean and Vietnam wars and often shared stories of resilience, courage, and perseverance through racial discrimination. Following retirement, he worked as a maintenance man and supervisor for several San Diego apartment complexes. A gifted craftsman, Chief loved working with his hands. He founded D.B. & Sons, specializing in furniture and car upholstery, and completed countless projects including building boats, remodeling homes, and leather crafting. He was also an avid gardener who joyfully shared the harvest from his garden and fruit trees. Chief lived adventurously, traveling extensively in his RVs, camping, fishing in Arizona, sightseeing, “supervising,” “smittyriggin,” and exploring San Diego in his electric wheelchair—often against his daughter’s wishes. In his younger years, he proudly rode his Gold Wing motorcycle, “Blue Pride,” and was an active member of the Gold Wing Touring Association. A devoted man of God, Chief served as a deacon at The Mount Church under Rev. I.D. Williams. Faithful in prayer, he continued kneeling in reverence even in his later years. He loved Sunday school, Bible study, and gospel music. On November 27, 2025, after a joyful Thanksgiving spent with loved ones, Chief blessed the food and prayed one final prayer before being peacefully called home. He leaves a legacy of love, faith, leadership, creativity, resilience, and faithful service. Chief was preceded in death by his parents, wife Brenda J. Smith, siblings; Juanita Smith, Willie Smith, and Willie Mae Brown, step-sons; Adam and James Wells, and dear friends. He leaves to cherish his memory his devoted daughter Brittney J. Smith, son Brandon T. Lilly (Stacy), Godson Gregory E. Simmons (Yvette), sister Manettii Leona Brown, grandchildren, God-grandchildren, extended family, his pastor and first lady, soul brothers, and a host of friends.

In times of doubt, love hopes… In times of sorrow, love heals... And in all times, love remembers. May time soften the pain Until all that remains Is the warmth of the memories

Jason Michael Anderson

And the love.

Jeweldean Guest

SUNRISE

SUNRISE

06/01/1978

05/17/1933

SUNSET

SUNSET

12/12/2025

12/10/2025

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

ARRANGEMENTS BY PREFERRED CREMATION & BURIAL

Service was held December 29, 2025, at Bethel Baptist Church. ***************************************************************************

Service was held January 2, 2026, at Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist Church. ***************************************************************************

Jason Michael Anderson was born June 1, 1978, in San Diego, California. Jason was born to Paul Lloyd Anderson and Sandra L. Anderson. The youngest of three joined Paul Jr. and Meisha. Jason was affectionately known as “Juic e, Jay, Jace, J-Rudeford”. He attended Fulton Elementary, Bell Junior High and Morse High School. “Go Tigers!

Jeweldean (Jewel) Mitchell was born May 17, 1933, in Gregory, Arkansas, to Decie Tyler Young and Luther Mitchell. At an early age, she accepted Christ at St. Paul Methodist Church in Augusta, Arkansas, establishing a spiritual foundation that guided her throughout life. Jewel graduated from Carver High School in 1951, known for her determination, love of basketball, and discipline. She continued her education at Dunbar Jr. College in Little Rock. In 1952, she married Ivory C. Nevels, and they moved to St. Louis, Missouri, welcoming their son Chester “Ronnie” in 1954. Seeking greater opportunity, the family relocated to California, where daughters Arnetta (Sis) and Patricia (Pat) were born in 1956. In 1958, they settled in San Diego, welcoming daughter Peggy in 1959 and son Randolph (Randy) in 1962. During this time, Jewel worked as a secretary at North Island Naval Station and joined Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist Church under Rev. R.C. Johnson.

Jason played baseball and football. Outside of school he played Skyline little league baseball and Skyline Pop Warner. After high school, he worked at Sea World while attending Mesa College. Jason was a dedicated worker for UPS for over 20 years. Customers loved his kind personality upon delivery of packages. Jason was always into motorcycles as a little boy. Later, he joined a motorcycle club. His pride and joy were his vintage orange 1972 Chevy Nova. He loved nature, the outdoors, and especially fishing with his cousins and friends. One of his favorite things was hanging out with his big brother, going to all the events around town, and watching the San Diego Charger games. Jason was known by many people! Jason met Krystal Bruce and they were blessed with his pride and joy, only child, daughter Jai’Ciyah Nicole Christine Anderson. He adored her and provided her with all the love, stability and protection a father could give. Their special times together when he escorted her to the Debutants Ball and Father and Daughter school dance. While watching his daughter walk across the stage receiving her diploma, he jumped over the fence and was the first person she saw. Jason loved his family and made an impact with his smile, pranks and “slow walk”. He recently accepted Christ as his Savior becoming a member of Bethel Baptist Church. Jason passed on December 12, 2025. He was preceded in death by his parents; Paul and Sandra Anderson, and twins; Jason Michael Jr. and Sandi Jai’. To cherish his memory he leaves his daughter Jai’Ciyah Anderson, brother Paul Lloyd, Jr (Tanya), sister Meisha Monique (Michael), nieces; Michae Monique Singletary, AZ -Oriah Anderson and Jayla Hope Anderson, nephews; Jamal Paul and Paul Jamal Anderson twins, Michael Bra’Mante’ Singletary; Treyvonne Anderson, and Omari Anderson, loving aunts; Aunts Julia Hutcheson (San Diego) and Saundra “Cookie” Anderson (Las Vegas), uncles; Jesse Anderson (Las Vegas) and Dennis Anderson (Arizona), his devoted fiancé Lakeita, other family members and friends.

Jewel had a gift for making others feel welcomed and valued. She and her husband founded Mission Janitorial Service in Mission Valley, creating opportunities for family members in California. She served as President of the Soroptimist Club of Mission Valley and found joy working with children at Gingerbread Nursery. In 1985, Jewel moved to Los Angeles, where she lived for 18 years and served 13 years as a crossing guard before retiring. In 2006, Jewel married Herbert Hoover Guest and moved to Colorado Springs for six years. She returned to San Diego in 2012 and worshiped at New Assurance Baptist Church under Pastor Rickey Laster, where she was honored as Mother of the Church. Outside of work and service, Jewel enjoyed game shows, NBA basketball, playing cards, traveling, cooking, and gardening. Her garden—especially her Calla Lilies—was her sanctuary. She was also the family historian, serving as secretary of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Augusta, Arkansas Reunion and later founding the San Diego Chapter, hosting its first reunion in 2014. On December 10, 2025, Jewel was peacefully called home. She was preceded in death by her parents, husband Herbert Guest, siblings, and grandson Kierreron (Boobie). Jewel leaves a legacy of faith, love, and service, cherished by her sister, children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, extended family, and friends. Her influence will forever remain in our hearts.

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 15, 2026 Classified ads can be placed in person, by phone, fax, or email Monday-Thursday 9:00 a.m. - 3:30 p.m. P:619-266-2233 F:619-266-0533 E:ads@sdvoice.info

Peachjar, Inc. in La Mesa, CA is seek’g a Sr Product Designer to lead dsgn projs f/ discovery to delivery. No trvl. WFH benefit avail. Slry: $88,462/yr. Email resumes to: hr@peachjar.com

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS Request for Proposals (RFP) Security Guard Services Solicitation No.: SOL1474714 The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) is seeking consultants for armed/unarmed security guard services for all SANDAG locations on a regular and/or asneeded basis. There is no DBE goal for this project. The deadline for electronic Proposal submittal is January 30, 2026 by 4:00 PMPST/PDT unless otherwise stated in an addendum. A copy of the solicitation documents and any communications or addenda can be accessed via www.bidnetdirect.com/sandag.

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS Request for Proposals (RFP) Design, Fabrication, and Installation of Boardroom Dais Solicitation No.: SOL1514712 The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) is seeking consultants for the design, fabrication, and installation of a dais table for the SANDAG boardroom. There is no DBE goal for this project. The Optional Site Walk will be held in person at 1011 Union Street, San Diego, CA 92101. on January 15, 2026 from 10:00AM to 11:00AM PST/PDT. The deadline for electronic bid submittal is February 6, 2026 by 4:00PM PST/PDT unless otherwise stated in an addendum. A copy of the solicitation documents and any communications or addenda can be accessed via www.bidnetdirect.com/sandag.

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS Request for Proposals On-Call General Right of Way Consultant Services Solicitation No.: SOL1483462 CIP 1223085 The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) is seeking consultants for General on Call Right of Way services for assessment, appraisal, acquisition, and management. The Optional Pre-proposal Meeting will be held virtually via Microsoft Teams on 1/7/2026, from 11am to 12pm PST/PDT. The deadline for Proposal submittal is 1/29/2025 by 5pm PST/PDT unless otherwise stated in an addendum. A copy of the solicitation documents and any communications or addenda can be accessed via www.bidnetdirect.com/sandag.

LEGAL NOTICES

FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9024365 Fictitious business name(s): Wendell Stemley Dba Black IPO 6125 Imperial Ave San Diego, CA 92114 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 05/02/2000 This business is hereby registered by the following: Wendell Ray Stemley 6125 Imperial Ave San Diego, CA 92114 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 31, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 31 2030 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2026-9000625 Fictitious business name(s): AllTheThingzz 5228 Cushman Pl, Ste C San Diego, CA 92110 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Catherine Elaine Worsham 5228 Cushman Pl, Ste C San Diego, CA 92110 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 12, 2026 This fictitious business name will expire on January 12 2030 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023488 Fictitious business name(s): La Jolla Jet Service --La Jolla Jet 7514 Girard Ave La Jolla, CA 92037 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was:

LEGAL NOTICES

LEGAL NOTICES

12/10/2010 This business is hereby registered by the following: Jessie Amis 7514 Girard Ave La Jolla, CA 92037 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 16, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 16 2030 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023486 Fictitious business name(s): La Jolla Elite Limousine Inc --La Jolla Elite Limousine --La Jolla Transportation --La Jolla Limo --La Jolla Limousine --La Jolla Elite Limousine & Jet 7514 Girard Ave La Jolla, CA 92037 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 06/04/2001 This business is hereby registered by the following: La Jolla Elite Limousine Inc. 7514 Girard Ave La Jolla, CA 92037 State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 16, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 16 2030 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2026-9000664 Fictitious business name(s): The T.L.C. Group 8918 Arlingdale Way Spring Valley, CA 91977 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 01/12/2026 This business is hereby registered by the following: Toshua Lynn Cornwell

8918 Arlingdale Way Spring Valley, CA 91977 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 12, 2026 This fictitious business name will expire on January 12, 2031 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2026-9000672 Fictitious business name(s): Frey's 312 Euclid Ave San Diego, CA 92114 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 01/01/2026 This business is hereby registered by the following: Jeffrey Smith 2060 N. Trekell Rd. #912 Casa Grande, AZ 85122 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 12, 2026 This fictitious business name will expire on January 12, 2031 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2026-9000553 Fictitious business name(s): Saffron Pizza Kitchen 815 F Street San Diego, CA 92101 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 01/01/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: California Global Business Inc 815 F Street San Diego, CA 92101 State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 09, 2026 This fictitious business name will expire on January 09, 2031 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2026-90000038 Fictitious business name(s):

Include the following information: • Full Name • Billing address • Date(s) you want the ad to appear • Contact phone number

All classified ads are prepaid.

CLASSIFIEDS / LEGAL NOTICES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY

21

Deadline is Tuesdays by NOON to run that week. • Name Change:$85.00 (4 weeks) • Standard Classified: $3.75 a line • Summons: $130.00 (4 weeks) • Fictitious Business Name: $25.00 (4 weeks)

WE ACCEPT:

LEGAL NOTICES

LEGAL NOTICES

LEGAL NOTICES

LEGAL NOTICES

LEGAL NOTICES

Professional & Spa 6348 College Grive Dr. San Diego, CA 92115 County of San Diego --3054 Massachusetts Ave Lemon Grove, CA 91945 This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Hien Thi Xuan Pham 3054 Massachusetts Ave Lemon Grove, CA 91945 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 02, 2026 This fictitious business name will expire on January 02, 2031 01/15, 01/22, 01/29, 02/05 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9024369 Fictitious business name(s): Dust to Shine Pro Clean 7629 Normal Ave #10 La Mesa, CA 91941 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 12/31/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: Al-Mudufar Al-Ahmad 7629 Normal Ave #10 La Mesa, CA 91941 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 31, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 31, 2030 01/08, 01/15, 01/22, 01/29 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9024140 Fictitious business name(s): Unthinkable Inc 2307 Fenton Pkwy Ste 107 San Diego, CA 92108 County of San Diego --2307 Fenton Pkwy Ste 107 POB 767 San Diego, CA 92108 This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 04/27/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: D'Shango Powell 2307 Fenton Pkwy Ste 107 POB 767 San Diego, CA 92108 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 26, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 26, 2030 01/08, 01/15, 01/22, 01/29 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2026-900084 Fictitious business name(s): Ivy Nails 4221 University Ave San Diego, CA 92105 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual The first day of business was: 01/05/2026 This business is hereby registered by the following: Minh Hai Nguyen 4221 University Ave San Diego, CA 92105 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on January 05, 2026 This fictitious business name will expire on January 05, 2031 01/08, 01/15, 01/22, 01/29 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9024205 Fictitious business name(s): Gonzalo Y Gonzalo --Coffee Culture 2548 Congress Street San Diego, CA 92110 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Khong Coffee Corporation 2548 Congress Street San Diego, CA 92110

State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 29, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 29, 2030 01/08, 01/15, 01/22, 01/29 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023899 Fictitious business name(s): Bonilla Tax & Accounting 330 Oxford St Unit 100 Chula Vista, CA 91910 County of San Diego --230 Glover Ave Suite K Chula Vista, CA 91910 This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 12/22/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: CVN Business Services 230 Glover Ave Suite K Chula Vista, CA 91910 State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 22, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 22, 2030 01/01, 01/08, 01/15, 01/22 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023898 Fictitious business name(s): Chula Vista Notary & Tax Services 230 Glover Ave Suite K Chula Vista, CA 91910 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 12/01/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: CVN Business Services 230 Glover Ave Suite K Chula Vista, CA 91910 State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 22, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 22, 2030 01/01, 01/08, 01/15, 01/22 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023624 Fictitious business name(s): Serve N Savor 5813 Chaumont Dr San Diego, CA 92114 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company The first day of business was: 11/20/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: Georgia Boi LLC 5813 Chaumont Dr San Diego, CA 92114 State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 17, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 17, 2030 01/01, 01/08, 01/15, 01/22 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023864 Fictitious business name(s): Precision Pavers and Greens 5482 Adobe Falls Rd #10 San Diego, CA 92120 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Married Couple Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Weston James Buckner 5482 Adobe Falls Rd #10 San Diego, CA 92120 --Caitlin Michelle Buckner 5482 Adobe Falls Rd #10 San Diego, CA 92120 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of

San Diego County on December 22, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 22, 2030 01/01, 01/08, 01/15, 01/22 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9022830 Fictitious business name(s): Straight Up Sober Living 6460 Montezuma Rd San Diego, CA 92115 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Limited Liability Company The first day of business was: 08/04/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: Straight Up Sober Living LLC 6460 Montezuma Rd San Diego, CA 92115 State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 04, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 04, 2030 12/25, 01/01/26, 01/08/26, 01/15/26 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023531 Fictitious business name(s): The Advocate SLP 333 N Melrose Dr. Unit E Vista, CA 92083 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: A Corporation The first day of business was: 07/16/2025 This business is hereby registered by the following: Ashford Speech Therapy and Advocacy P.C. 333 N Melrose Dr. Unit E Vista, CA 92083 State of Incorporation/ Organization California This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 16, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 16, 2030 12/25, 01/01/26, 01/08/26, 01/15/26 --------------------------------FICTITIOUS BUSINESS NAME STATEMENT 2025-9023545 Fictitious business name(s): Jaye's Livescan 3403 E. Plaza Blvd. #J National City, CA 91950 County of San Diego This business is conducted by: An Individual Registrant has not yet begun to transact business under the name(s) above This business is hereby registered by the following: Johnny Lytle 3403 E. Plaza Blvd. #J National City, CA 91950 This statement was filed with the Recorder/County Clerk of San Diego County on December 16, 2025 This fictitious business name will expire on December 16, 2030 12/25, 01/01/26, 01/08/26, 01/15/26

Caliger

Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court.

NAME CHANGE SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 W. Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Central Branch

PROPOSED NAME: Jennifer Marie Cali Caliger THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING Date: February 9, 2026 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner. To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required. A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

Case Number 25CU068205C

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions.

Petitioner or Attorney: Jennifer Marie Caliger Murcia AKA Jennifer Marie Caliger Caliger AKA Jennifer Marie Caliger

If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions.

To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Jennifer Marie Caliger Murcia AKA Jennifer Marie Caliger Caliger AKA Jennifer Marie Caliger filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows:

A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date.

a. PRESENT NAME: Jennifer Marie Caliger Murcia AKA Jennifer Marie Caliger Caliger AKA Jennifer Marie

The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 01/08, 01/15, 01/22, 01/29 --------------------------------SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Case Number 25CU068924C Petitioner or Attorney: Jennifer Elaine Reneau To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Jennifer Elaine Reneau filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. PRESENT NAME: Jennifer Elaine Reneau PROPOSED NAME: Jennipher Elaine Williams THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING Date: February 11, 2026 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. 61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner. To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required. A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the

22

Thursday, January 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

LEGAL NOTICES

LEGAL NOTICES

PUBLIC NOTICE

Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies.

of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be required. Contact the agency(ies) who issue the legal document that needs to be changed, to determine if a certified copy is required.

PUBLIC NOTICE HOUSING AUTHORITY OF THE COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO PUBLIC HOUSING AGENCY PLAN ANNUAL PLAN FOR FISCAL YEAR 2026-27 AMENDMENT TO FY 202529 5 YEAR AGENCY PLAN AMENDMENT TO FY 202526 ANNUAL AGENCY PLAN Notice is hereby given that the Board of Commissioners of the Housing Authority of the County of San Diego (HACSD) will hold a public hearing on March 4, 2026, at 9:00 a.m. in Room 310 of the County Administration Center, 1600 Pacific Highway, San Diego, CA. Public testimony can be heard on the proposed Fiscal Year (FY) 2026-27 Annual Plan, Amendments to the FY 2025-29 5-Year Agency Plan and the FY 2025-26 Annual Agency Plan, Public Housing Admissions and Continued Occupancy Policy, and Housing Choice Voucher Section 8 Administrative Plan. On January 16, 2026 the referenced Plans are being released for a 45-day public review and comment period. Public testimony can be heard on the Proposed FY 2026-27 Annual Plan, Amendments to the FY 2025-29 5 Year Agency Plan and FY 2025-26 Annual Agency Plan, Public Housing Admissions and Continued Occupancy Policy, and Housing Choice Voucher Section 8 Administrative Plan. The Public Housing Agency (PHA) Plan is a comprehensive guide to a PHA's policies, programs, and operations, and strategies for meeting local housing needs and goals. The Public Housing Admissions and Continued Occupancy Policy and Section 8 Administrative Plan are the governing documents for the PHA's administration of its public housing program and Section 8 program. In lieu of in-person attendance, members of the public are strongly encouraged to submit their comments on the proposed Public Housing Agency FY 2026-27 Annual Plan, Amendments to the FY 2025-29 5 Year Agency Plan and FY 2025-26 Annual Agency Plan, Public Housing Admissions and Continued Occupancy Policy, and Housing Choice Voucher Section 8 Administrative Plan via email at HACSDBOARDS.HHSA@ SDCOUNTY.CA.GOV All comments submitted are sent to the members of the Board of Commissioners and the Chief Administrative Officer for their consideration. Comments will be accepted until the end of the meeting. Beginning January 16, 2026, the referenced documents and supporting documents can be accessed immediately at www.sdhcd.org and will be available for review at the following locations: County of San Diego Housing and Community Development Services 3989 Ruffin Road San Diego, CA 92123 Melrose Manor Apartments 1678 Melrose Ave., Apt.13 Chula Vista, CA 91911 Towncentre Manor Apartments 434 F St., Apt. 101 L St. Manor Apartments Chula Vista, CA 91911 584 L St., Apt. F Chula Vista, CA 91911 Dorothy St. Manor Apartments 778 Dorothy St., Apt. A Chula Vista, CA 91911 Housing and Community Development Services Website: www.sdhcd.org Written comments may be submitted prior to the public hearing and during the 45-day comment period ending on March 4, 2026, to: County of San Diego Housing and Community Development Services Attn: Vana Nguyen 3989 Ruffin Road, San Diego, CA 92123 APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGALITY David J. Smith, Acting County Counsel BY: Elyse O'Neil, Deputy County Counsel 1/15/26 CNS-4001097# VOICE & VIEWPOINT NEWS

If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions. If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date. Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 01/08, 01/15, 01/22, 01/29 --------------------------------SUPERIOR COURT OF CALIFORNIA 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 Hall of Justice Courthouse Case Number 25CU066867C Petitioner or Attorney: Aster Solomon Anteneh on behalf of minor To All Interested Persons: Petitioner Aster Solomon Anteneh on behalf of minor filed a petition with this court for a decree changing names as follows: a. PRESENT NAME: Betty Tadesse Andualem PROPOSED NAME: Bethlehem Tadesse Andualem THE COURT ORDERS that all persons interested in this matter appear before this court at the hearing indicated below to show cause, if any, why the petition for change of name should not be granted. Any person objecting to the name changes described above must file a written objection that includes the reasons for the objection at least two court days before the matter is scheduled to be heard and must appear at the hearing to show cause why the petition should not be granted. If no written objection is timely filed, the court may grant the petition without a hearing. NOTICE OF HEARING Date: February 3, 2026 Time: 8:30 A.M. Dept. C-61 (To appear remotely, check in advance of the hearing for information about how to do so on the court's website. To find your court's website go to www.courts.ca.gov/find-mycourt.htm) NO HEARING WILL OCCUR ON THE DATE SPECIFIED IN THE ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE. The court will review the documents filed as of the date specified on the Order to Show Cause for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-120). If all requirements for a name change have been met as of the date specified, and no timely written objection has been received (required at least two court days before the date specified), the Petition for Change of Name (JC Form #NC-100) will be granted without a hearing. One copy of the Order Granting the Petition will be mailed to the petitioner. To change a name on a legal document, including a birth certificate, social security card, driver license, passport, and other identification, a certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance

A certified copy of Decree Changing Name (JC Form #NC-130) or Decree Changing Name and Order Recognizing Change of Gender and for Issuance of New Birth Certificate (JC Form #NC-230) may be obtained from the Civil Business Office for a fee. Petitioners who are seeking a change of name under the Safe at Home program may contact the assigned department for the information on obtaining certified copies. If all the requirements have not been met as of the date specified, the court will mail the petitioner a written order with further directions. If a timely objection is filed, the court will set a hearing date and contact the parties by mail with further directions. A RESPONDENT OBJECTING TO THE NAME CHANGE MUST FILE A WRITTEN OBJECTION AT LEAST TWO COURT DAYS (excluding weekends and holidays) BEFORE THE DATE SPECIFIED. Do not come to court on the specified date. The court will notify the parties by mail of a future hearing date. Any Petition for the name change of a minor that is signed by only one parent must have this Attachment served along with the Petition and Order to Show Cause, on the other nonsigning parent, and proof of service must be filed with the court. The address of the court is: 330 West Broadway San Diego, CA 92101 12/25, 01/01/26, 01/08/26, 01/15/26

NOTICE TO BIDDERS NOTICE TO BIDDERS NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City of San Diego (City) is seeking to receive Electronic Bids for the below named Public Works project. The solicitation, including plans and specifications, may be obtained from the City's website at: https://www.sandiego.gov/cip/ bidopps Contractors intending to submit a Bid must be prequalified. Please refer to the solicitation for instructions. Project Name: Villa La Jolla SD System Lining Project Number: K-26-2450DB1-3-C Estimated Value: $44,100,000 Pre-Bid Meeting: 01/27/2026 10:00 AM (Microsoft Teams) Bid Due Date: 2/24/2026, at 2:00 P.M. License Requirement: A and C-27 It is the policy of the City of San Diego to encourage equal opportunity in its Construction and Consultant contracts. Bids or proposals from local firms, small, minority-owned, disabled, veteran-owned, and womenowned businesses are strongly encouraged. Contractors are encouraged to subcontract with and/or participate in joint ventures with these firms. The City is committed to equal opportunity and will not discriminate with regard to race, religion, color, ancestry, age, gender, disability, medical condition or place of birth; and will not do business with any firm that discriminates on any basis. Bids shall be received no later than the date and time noted above at: City of San Diego's Electronic Biding Site PlanetBids at: https://www.planetbids.com/p ortal/portal.cfm?CompanyID= 17950 Claudia C Abarca, Director Purchasing & Contracting Department January 12, 2026 1/15/26 CNS-4001544# VOICE & VIEWPOINT NEWS

REMEMBER TO

Want MORE VOICE & VIEWPOINT?

CHECK YOUR FILING DATE! FROM YOUR FILING DATE TO PUBLISH YOUR FICTICIOUS BUSINESS

WE LOOK FORWARD TO DOING BUSINESS WITH YOU!

TODAY IN

BLACK HISTORY 1936

1961

MURRAY V. PEARSON IS DECIDED

THE SUPREMES SIGNED TO MOTOWN RECORDS

In Murray v. Pearson (1936), the Maryland Court of Appeals considered whether the University of Maryland Law School could deny admission to Donald Murray, a qualified Black applicant, solely because of his race. The university argued segregation was permissible and that out-of-state scholarships provided equal treatment.

The court ruled on January 15, 1936, the law school was a state agency subject to the Fourteenth Amendment. Because Maryland offered no separate law school for Black students, scholarships were inadequate. The court ordered Murray’s admission, holding that equal protection requires equal access to existing public facilities.

scan the QR code above for 24/7 access

The Supremes, originally formed as The Primettes, emerged as Motown’s most successful female group. Featuring Florence Ballard, Diana Ross, and Mary Wilson, they were signed to Motown on January 15, 1961. After early struggles, the group broke through in 1963 under the production of Holland-Dozier-Holland.

From 1964 to 1967, The Supremes dominated the charts with hits like “Where Did Our Love Go,” “Baby Love,” and “Stop in the Name of Love,” becoming international icons. Renamed Diana Ross and the Supremes in 1967, the group continued until disbanding in 1977.

IN MORE NEWS US Capitol Unveils Statue of Teen Civil Rights

Icon Barbara Rose Johns Taking Robert E. Lee’s Spot By Jonathan Mattise Associated Press he U.S. Capitol on Tuesday (December 16, 2025) began displaying a statue of a teenaged Barbara Rose Johns as she protested poor conditions at her segregated Virginia high school, a pointed replacement for a statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee that was removed several years ago.

T

An unveiling ceremony of the statue representing Virginia in the Capitol took place in Emancipation Hall, featuring Republican House Speaker Mike Johnson, Democratic Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, Republican Virginia Gov. Glenn Youngkin, Virginia’s congressional delegation and Democratic Gov.-elect Abigail Spanberger. Johnson said more than 200 members of Johns’ family were on hand, listening on as the ceremony included renditions of “How Great Thou Art,” “Ain’t Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me ’Round” and “Total Praise” performed by the Eastern Senior High School choir from Washington. Johns was 16 years old in 1951 when she led a student strike for equal education at R.R. Moton High School in Farmville, Virginia. The students’ cause gained the support of NAACP lawyers, who filed a lawsuit that would become

one of the five cases that the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed in Brown v. Board of Education. The high court’s landmark 1954 decision declared “separate but equal” public schools unconsti- A statue of Virginia civil rights activist Barbara Rose Johns, whose statue will replace one of Robert E. Lee as one of Virginia’s two statues on display tutional. at the Capitol, is unveiled Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025, in Washington.

Johns later married the Rev. PHOTO: Mark Schiefelbein/AP William Powell and became tribute two statues. The other statue Barbara Rose Johns Powell, raised five representing Virginia is of George children and was a librarian in the Washington. Philadelphia Public Schools. She died at 56 in 1991. National Statuary Hall displays 35 of the statues. Others are in the Crypt, The statue shows the young Johns the Hall of Columns and the Capitol standing to the side of a lectern, holdVisitor Center. Johnson said the Johns ing a tattered book over her head. Its statue will be placed in the Crypt. pedestal is engraved with the words, “Are we going to just accept these conFormer Democratic Virginia Gov. ditions, or are we going to do someRalph Northam had requested the thing about it?” It also features a quote removal of the Lee statue. In Decemfrom the Book of Isaiah, “And a little ber 2020, a state commission recomchild shall lead them.” mended replacing Lee’s statue with a statue of Johns. The statue replaces one of Lee that was removed in December 2020 from The Johns statue, sculpted by Steven the Capitol, where it had represented Weitzman of Maryland, received final Virginia for 111 years. The removal approval from the Architect of the occurred during a time of renewed Capitol and the Joint Committee on national attention over Confederate the Library in July. monuments after the death of George Johns is also featured in a sculpture Floyd and was relocated to the Virginia at the Virginia Civil Rights Memorial Museum of History & Culture. outside the state Capitol in Richmond. The Johns piece is part of the NatThe former high school is now a ional Statuary Hall Collection at the National Historic Landmark and musCapitol, in which each state can coneum.

New Postal Service Rule Could Void Ballots and Delay Healthcare day,” the user said. “Under this rule, you can mail your ballot before election day and still have it postmarked after. So that’s not voter fraud, that’s logistics quietly overruling intent.”

By Stacy M. Brown NNPA Newswire Senior National Correspondent A quiet clarification by the United States Postal Service is drawing renewed scrutiny after health care advocates and voting rights observers warned that the change could carry serious consequences for millions of Americans who rely on postmarks to meet legal deadlines. Under new USPS guidance that took effect late last month, the date printed on a postmark no longer reflects when a letter or ballot is dropped into a mailbox. Instead, the postmark now reflects the date the mail is first processed at an automated sorting facility, which can occur days after the item is mailed. The Postal Service says the change is intended to clarify how postmarks are applied, particularly as transportation schedules and regional processing systems evolve. For voters in states that count mail-in ballots based on postmark deadlines, and for patients navigating appeals, authorizations, and Medicare paperwork, the distinction is anything but academic.

YOU HAVE 45 DAYS

NAME WITH US!

www.sdvoice.info

“In recognition of the importance that the election laws in some states place on postmarks, it has been the longstanding policy of the Postal Service to try to ensure that every return ballot mailed by voters receives a postmark, whether the return ballot is mailed with postage pre-paid by election offi-

PHOTO: NNPA

cials or with a stamp affixed by the voter,” officials wrote in a release. “A voter can ensure that a postmark is applied to his or her return ballot by visiting a Postal Service retail office and requesting a postmark from a retail associate when dropping off the ballot.” The issue gained wider attention after a detailed explanation circulated to millions of viewers on social media from the account @cjnlegalnurse, a health care advocate who outlined how the rule shift moves risk away from institutions and onto individuals. As the user explained, a letter placed in a mailbox on Monday may not reach a sorting center until Wednesday, making Wednesday the official postmark. For ballots and legal filings governed by strict deadlines, that delay can mean rejection despite timely mailing. “Many states say a mail-in ballot counts if it’s postmarked by election

USPS guidance confirms that most postmarks are now applied at large processing plants rather than local post offices and that mail may sit before receiving a postmark due to updated transportation schedules. The agency recommends that customers with deadline-sensitive mail bring items directly to a post office counter and request a manual local postmark. Health care advocates say the implications extend far beyond elections. “Health care runs on mail deadlines, appeals, prior authorizations, Medicare notices, and prescription paperwork,” the user said. “If an appeal has to be postmarked by a certain date and USPS processes days later, it looks late. So late appeals get denied. Denied appeals delay care.” “So if you’re mailing anything timesensitive now, ballots or health care documents, dropping it in a box is not enough,” the user said. “Go inside the post office for deadline mail. Ask for a manual postmark or receipt. Use certified mail for appeals and legal documents, and do not rely on blue mailboxes for last week’s deadlines. So, this isn’t panic; it’s adjustment.”

www.sdvoice.info

The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint • Thursday, January 15, 2026

Dr. King’s Speech to Youth Courtesy of Walter Robinson

you decide now at this age may well determine which way your life shall go.

Six months before his assassination, Dr. King encouraged a room full of middle schoolers at Philadelphia’s Barratt Junior High School to be their best selves, no matter their status in life. His words, recorded on October 26, 1968, still resonate today.

Always feel that you have worth, and always feel that your life has ultimate significance. It is very unfortunate that in so many instances our society has placed a stigma on the Negro’s color. Don’t be ashamed of your color, don’t be ashamed of your biological features. Somehow, you must be able to say in your own lives, and really believe it, “I am black and beautiful,” and believe it in the moment.

I want to ask you a question, and that is: What is in your life’s blueprint? This is the most important and crucial period of your lives. What you do now and what

Secondly, you must have as a basic principle the

23

Excerpt -“What Is In Your Life’s Blueprint?”

determination to achieve excellence in your various fields of endeavor. You’re going to be deciding as the days, as the years unfold — what your life’s work will be. Set out to do it well. I would urge you to study hard, to burn the midnight oil; I would say to you, don’t drop out of school. I urge you that in spite of your economic plight, in spite of the situation that you’re forced to live in — stay in school. And when you discover what you will be in your life, set out to do it as if God Almighty called you at this particular moment in history to do it.

Number one in your life’s blueprint, should be a deep belief in your own dignity, your worth and your own “somebodiness.” Don’t allow anybody to make you feel that you are nobody. Always feel that you count. — MLK

BUSINESS DIRECTORY

LATEST BOOK!

$99

COLOR SINGLE DISPLAY AD Size: 4.25"W x 2.5"H

MONTHLY

COLOR DOUBLE DISPLAY AD $198 Size: 4.25"W x 5.1875"H For more information or to order your copies today, goto: DarrowPerkinsJr.com

MONTHLY

Email us at ads@sdvoice.info or Call 619-266-2233

It seems like the battle for equality never ends, and that’s certainly true for health care. Access to health care has long been an equality issue for Black Americans.

Now is the time to explore your options. It’s Open Enrollment, which means you can shop and compare health insurance plans at COVEREDCA.COM and choose the one that works for you and your budget. Open Enrollment runs through Jan. 31.

Look at the facts. ACCORDING to the Department of Health and Human Services, Black households are about 70 percent more likely than White households to not have health insurance. Black households are also twice as likely to be living in poverty.

Covered California is the only place where Californians who qualify can get financial assistance on a sliding scale to reduce premium costs. Depending on your income, you may qualify for the low-cost or no-cost Medi-Cal program.

Covered California can't live with that. The battle for equality is part of our history, and our efforts continue to this day.

Learn more about your options at COVEREDCA.COM, see if you qualify for financial help and compare health plans in your area. You can also get free and confidential assistance by phone, in a variety of languages from more than 14,000 certified agents and community-based organizations throughout the state that provide help in whatever language you prefer, or call Covered California at (800) 300-1506 for help.

This year, Covered California helped more than 42,000 Black Californians access affordable, high-quality health insurance from top insurance companies. In the last four years alone, enrollment through Covered California has increased by 39% among Black Californians. This year, it’s time to take action. Getting health insurance is the first step toward protecting your physical, mental, and financial health. All health insurance plans offered through Covered California provide access to leading doctors, hospitals and specialists across California and includes essential health benefits — from preventive care and maternity care to mental health services and emergency coverage.

Covered California is your ally in the fight for equality in health care. Join us and start the new year with a healthy foundation.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY ADS

START THE NEW YEAR OFF WITH A NEW BOOK BY REV. DR. DARROW PERKINS, JR., TH.D., D.MIN.

24

Thursday, January 15, 2026 • The San Diego Voice & Viewpoint

www.sdvoice.info