2020
Hospice of the Chesapeake
ANNUAL DONOR REPORT
A F TER DARKNESS COMES TH E
Light —COR N ELIUS N EP OS
CONTENTS 5
Letter from our President
6
Hospice of the Chesapeake 2020 Year in Review
8
Hospice of Charles County 2020 Year in Review
10
Hospice Heroes in Four Stories
16
Commitment and Expertise Lead to Extraordinary Growth
18
The Silver Lining in a Dark Cloud
20
Board of Directors and Board Committees
22
Executive and Senior Leadership Team
24
Hospice of the Chesapeake 2020 Financial Report
26
Hospice of Charles County 2020 Financial Report
LETTER FROM OUR PRESIDENT
Dear Friends, I think we can all agree that 2020 will go down in history as certainly a year to remember and the year when everything changed in healthcare — locally, nationally, and globally. We started the year as we normally do but by mid-March we were in full “pandemic” mode which had us shifting the mechanics of how we care for those living with advanced, complex illness and loss. We were just beginning our tectonic shift in how we would ultimately battle COVID-19. This shift meant canceling events, implementing telemedicine, sending most of our team to work remotely and most importantly, determining how best to ensure the quality end-of-life care so many in our community urgently needed would continue to be timely, thoughtful, and compassionate. I am happy to share with you more than 12 months later — we adjusted to it, we survived it, we are still dealing with it! As well, we are working to determine our new normal. I am humbled by the magnitude of the determination, compassion, and sheer resiliency displayed by our Hospice of the Chesapeake family. Professional team members, volunteers, and donors all stood arm-in-arm (figuratively, of course) to withstand the storm that was named COVID-19. Together we were stronger than we could ever have been as individuals. You will see and read on the following pages how at every turn we responded, pivoted, and were supported in ways that allowed us to expand our mission even during the worst of times. It has often been said that the worst of times brings out the best in people and I am here today to tell you no truer words have ever been spoken. We literally could not have made it without each of you regardless of your role but because of who you are. You will also read on the following pages how we expanded our reach to the citizens of Charles County and to more supportive care patients than ever before in our history. Both are also testaments to the strength of passion and conviction of those who choose to have this mission in their hearts. Thank you for helping us to build our legacy. Thank you for sharing in our mission of caring for life through the journey with illness and loss. Gratefully,
Michael J. Brady President and CEO
2020 2020 YEAR YEAR ININ REVIEW REVIEW hospice hospiceofofthe thechesapeake chesapeake
Hospice care care patients patients served served 3,517 3,517Hospice Children served served in the in the pediatric pediatric hospice hospice 20 20Children Supportive care care patients patients served served 1,416 1,416Supportive Supportive care care visits visits 4,793 4,793Supportive
Individual grief grief support support clients clients 474 474Individual Individual grief grief counseling counseling sessions sessions 2,054 2,054Individual Team members members 255 255Team hours hours Volunteers contributed contributed a total a total of 4,049 of 4,049 273 273Volunteers Total dollars dollars raised raised from from annual annual fund, fund, events, events, appeals, appeals, $4,175,820 $4,175,820Total andand in-kind in-kind gifts gifts
3,764 3,764 donors donors Gifts andand 4,960 4,960Gifts
2020 YEAR IN REVIEW hospice of charles county
451
Hospice care patients served
107
Individual grief support clients
364
Individual grief counseling sessions
31 $165,762 1,026
Team members Total dollars raised from annual fund, events, appeals, and in-kind gifts Gifts and 840 donors
COVID-19 AND HOW THE WORLD CHANGED IN 2020 As a healthcare organization, it is obvious to everyone that 2020 was a year that changed everything we do including how we care for patients and families. While the “how” we care for those who need us changed in many ways in 2020 the “why” we care for those living with advanced illness and loss has never changed. We could easily provide a rundown of the numbers of patients, the amount of personal protective equipment and the financial impact on our organization but we believe the greatest value comes in the stories of hope and resilience from our Hospice of the Chesapeake team members. The incredible care they provided, whether supportive, hospice or grief support, didn’t stop even during a pandemic. They never wavered from their dedication to our mission, allowing us to care for more patients in 2020 then ever before in our history. THIS IS WHAT COMMITMENT TRULY LOOKS LIKE. The following pages show several of their heartfelt stories.
Meredith Meredith
Our OurHospice HospiceHeroes: Heroes:
Meredith Meredith is an is RN an RN andand joined joined ourour Hospice Hospice of the of the Chesapeake Chesapeake family family in December in December 2018. 2018. Here Here is her is her COVID-19 COVID-19 story: story: “COVID-19 “COVID-19 — something — something I have I have never never seenseen before before andand I hope I hope we never we never havehave to live to live through through something something similar similar again. again. ThisThis has has brought brought a new a new challenge challenge to an to almost an almost 15-year 15-year nursing nursing career. career. Since Since the the startstart of this of this pandemic, pandemic, my my emotions emotions havehave beenbeen all over all over the the place. place. At the At the startstart of this, of this, I volunteered I volunteered to be to the be the nurse nurse on our on our team team to go to into go into the the facilities facilities where where there there werewere positive positive patients patients knowing knowing eventually eventually thatthat we would we would all have all have these these patients patients butbut at least at least to start to start I could I could do do my my partpart to offer to offer my my team team members members some some peace peace of mind of mind andand sense sense of of security. security. ThisThis brought brought along along many many sleepless sleepless nights nights as my as my husband husband andand I would I would lay lay awake awake thinking thinking about about whatwhat I should I should wearwear (which (which ended ended up being up being twotwo to three to three layerlayer of clothes), of clothes), logistics logistics of my of my visits, visits, andand howhow to safely to safely doffdoff all my all my PPEPPE (dirty (dirty compartments compartments in my in my trunk trunk for for shoes shoes andand clothes) clothes) priorprior to going to going home home to my to my family family andand a a hot hot shower. shower.
“There “There is ais look a look in their in their eyeeye of of loneliness loneliness andand a feeling a feeling of of desertion desertion as as their their families families cannot cannot come come to visit to visit them.” them.” ThisThis waswas onlyonly oneone partpart of what of what would would keepkeep me me awake awake at night. at night. Then Then there there werewere my my patients, patients, many many depressed depressed because because theythey do not do not know know andand cannot cannot comprehend comprehend whatwhat is happening. is happening. They They know know something something is different is different andand although although many many cannot cannot articulate articulate it, there it, there is a islook a look in their in their eye eye of loneliness of loneliness andand a feeling a feeling of desertion of desertion as their as their families families cannot cannot come come to visit to visit them. them. AndAnd thenthen there there is the is the families families andand the the complete complete sense sense of loss of loss thatthat oneone cancan hearhear in in theirtheir voice voice every every timetime theythey are are called called withwith an update. an update. There There is a issense a sense of pleading of pleading in their in their voice voice for any for any information information or insight or insight intointo theirtheir loved loved oneone andand howhow theythey are are doing. doing. With With eacheach oneone there there is a issense a sense of guilt of guilt theythey seem seem to share to share for not for not being being there there for their for their family. family. We We do our do our bestbest to alleviate to alleviate theirtheir feelings, feelings, butbut it becomes it becomes clearer clearer every every dayday thatthat I have I have become become a part a part of these of these families families andand theirtheir lifeline lifeline to each to each other.” other.”
WeWe areare grateful grateful to Meredith to Meredith forfor sharing sharing herher story story with with us,us, forfor herher courage courage in the in the faceface of the of the crisis, crisis, andand forfor herher commitment commitment to her to her colleagues. colleagues. Thank Thank you, you, Meredith! Meredith!
Our Hospice Heroes:
Allyson
Allyson is a clinical director who joined our Hospice of the Chesapeake family in January 2019. Here is her COVID-19 story: It’s a Friday at 4:25 pm and I received a call from a fellow director of clinical services about a patient. The patient, who had been admitted to hospice care one day prior, was in respiratory distress and the family had her lying on the couch because there was no hospital bed in the home because of concerns that the patient was COVID positive. I spoke with the supervisor at the medical equipment company to let them know we had a patient in distress and they really needed to have the hospital bed delivered right away. The supervisor shared with me that due to the national shortage, they did not have any personal protective equipment (PPE) for their delivery technicians until their much-needed supplies arrive. Well that just was not good enough for a Hospice of the Chesapeake patient. I asked the supervisor, “If I bring PPE for your delivery technician, how soon could you deliver the bed?” The supervisor asked, “how will you get the PPE to the technician?” and I told her I would meet him in front of the patient’s home in the street, if necessary. The supervisor told me she would call me right back. Within 15 minutes, the supervisor called me back and said, “The technician will be at the home by 6 pm. I gathered the PPE and headed to the patient’s home to wait for the delivery technician to arrive. When he arrived, I met him in the driveway with the PPE. With a smile, the technician simply said, “Thank you so much.”
“The supervisor shared with me that due to the national shortage, they did not have any PPE for their delivery technicians until their much-needed supplies arrive. Well that just was not good enough for a Hospice of the Chesapeake patient”
We are very grateful for Allyson’s quick action and her focus on true partnership to ensure our patient received everything they needed to provide comfort during what is unprecedented times. Thank you, Allyson!
Our Hospice Heroes:
Roberta
Roberta, a licensed clinical professional counselor and bereavement coordinator, joined the Chesapeake Life Center 16 years ago. Here is her COVID-19 story: A colleague recently said “I am not special, but I feel I have a special place in this world to provide comfort and compassion especially now during these trying times.” This is how I feel — I have never felt the “hero,” the “angel,” or the “how do you do that, you are so special” role. I am fortunate to feel deeply connected to the work I do and to have work to do. I do not have to use full personal protective equipment to minister to the dying. Yes, I have adjusted in the face of this pandemic. To wear a mask or not to wear a mask? This becomes a question in the counseling room, where trust — which includes the transparency of being able to show one’s face and smile to a client — is essential.
“Rather than myself, I give credit to my clients in facing this unprecedented crisis… I am humbled in the presence of these true survivors, and I feel privileged to have the opportunity to offer presence and validation to them when they need it most.” We have had to flex with major shifts in how we do our work. In-person sessions have largely been replaced by online telehealth encounters, which present their own challenges, especially for children. Some clients continue with face-to-face appointments for valid reasons. People continue to call for counseling support, even in increasing numbers, with the issues of isolation layered over personal grief of losing a loved one. Rather than myself, I give credit to my clients in facing this unprecedented crisis. There are the parents of young children raising them without a spouse in households where access to even the most basic activities has been restricted. There are relatives caring for children whose parents have died. There are those who have lost a spouse or partner facing living alone in confinement. There are adult children caring for parents with serious illness that render them especially vulnerable to this invisible enemy. There are families who cannot hold nor attend a typical, “home-going” type of funeral gathering. There are grievers who were separated in death from loved ones. I am humbled in the presence of these true survivors, and I feel privileged to have the opportunity to offer presence and validation to them when they need it most.
We are very grateful for Roberta for adapting to the restrictions of this pandemic to find ways to connect with a community that is struggling with loss. Thank you, Roberta!
Our Hospice Heroes:
Megan
Megan, nurse practitioner, joined our Hospice of the Chesapeake family in February 2017. Here is her COVID-19 story: I am working primarily in one nursing home to prevent the spread of germs. I have several COVID-19 patients that I am seeing day to day. My primary role has been to discuss advanced directives and goals of care with these patients and their families as well as provide symptom relief in their final days. It has been a difficult situation as families are not allowed into the building and these are very difficult conversations to have over the phone. I am utilizing telehealth so that family members can see their loved ones and at times I am the only link between the patient and the family. The same goes for my non-COVID patients . . . most of whom are frail, elderly, ill and alone at this scary time. It is a heartbreaking situation, but I am doing my best to provide comfort to these patients and their families.
“I am utilizing telehealth so that family members can see their loved ones and at times I am the only link between the patient and the family.”
We are incredibly fortunate to have many nurse practitioners like Megan on our team to support families during these uncertain times. Understanding goals of care and how they impact healthcare decisions is a specialty of our hospice and supportive care teams Thank you, Megan!
IS WHAT TRANSFORMS A PROMISE INTO REALITY. — ABRAHAM
LIN CO LN
COMMITMENT AND EXPERTISE LEAD TO
Extraordinary Growth
During an unprecedented time in history that is filled with uncertainty and anxiety for so many in our community, Hospice of the Chesapeake has turned this year into a time of unprecedented growth and commitment. While pivoting to keep pace with the constant changes brought on by the ferocity of the COVID-19 pandemic, we cared for an average of more than 580 hospice patients each day, which is a number never seen before in our 41-year history. As part of our long-term strategic planning process undertaken in 2019, we committed to caring for more Maryland citizens than ever before in our history. In early 2020, we began conversations about a potential partnership with Hospice of Charles County around the expansion of supportive care. After many months of collaborative conversations, the two leadership teams agreed that a merger of the organizations would be the most beneficial. We are honored to announce that on Oct. 1 we began to integrate the two local nonprofit organizations. Our goal for the citizens of Charles County is to strengthen their access to care for those living with advanced complex illness as well as to grief support. With the addition of Hospice of Charles County, we are expanding our reach to more Marylanders than ever before in our 41-year history including inpatient care centers that provide an alternative to hospitalization for patients experiencing unmanageable pain and symptoms.
Hospice of Charles County brings with it a long-standing heritage in its community. Like Hospice of the Chesapeake, it was founded by local volunteers and supported by many community organizations and local leaders. Delegate Edith Patterson, the Chairman of Hospice of Charles County’s Board of Directors at the time of the merger, said the organization is excited about the future, and believes that we share their values of community, quality, and service. “I believe that joining the Hospice of the Chesapeake organization will bring strength and stability to the care we provide while simultaneously honoring our roots in Charles County,” Patterson said. In addition to growing our hospice care geographically, we also focused on expanding our supportive care services to reach more patients who are living with advanced complex illnesses. We are serving those who can benefit from additional support as they navigate the complexity of a new diagnosis or rapidly advancing illness but are not quite at the point of needing hospice care. Through collaboration with our local healthcare partners, we have significantly increased the care we provide in reach and depth with a 23% increase in patients cared for under supportive care in 2020 over 2019. This is extraordinary growth and a testament to the unique care provided by our team of compassionate professionals. During this time of growth, it became apparent that it was time to change the perception of Hospice of the Chesapeake in our community. In the last 15 years, we have grown from a traditional hospice team in Anne Arundel and Prince George’s counties into regional experts in hospice care, supportive care, general inpatient care, and grief support for those who’ve lost a loved one to illness and trauma, as well as grief education. As we progressed down this winding path, our brand and logo needed to more accurately represent the NEW Hospice of the Chesapeake and the many new ways we care for the community. In response, we launched a full-scale brand audit and research campaign to gather community and professional opinions on our evolution. That in-depth analysis and reflection gave birth to new logos and creative for each of our business lines. We have included them here and are happy to share that we launched these new looks on Sept. 1. We truly believe this path represents the future of our organization and leaves room for more growth in ways we might not anticipate today. Throughout all these positive changes we promise that one thing we will never change – we will always be an organization that is caring for life throughout the journey with illness and loss. And, we will always be there when you need us.
PHOTO: Delegate Edith Patterson (left), Hospice of Charles County Board of Directors Vice Chair; Mike Brady (right), President & CEO, Hospice of the Chesapeake)
Though the last thing we would want to do is give COVID-19 credit, we do have to acknowledge that it has contributed to a new way of caring for the community. Many of these changes we know we want to keep. At the top of that list is telehealth. When the first pandemic restrictions were imposed, we turned to our information services team who moved quickly to provide the technology we needed to stay connected. In many cases, unable to visit our patients in assisted living and skilled nursing facilities, medical centers and individual’s homes, our care teams were able to virtually visit patients and families. Care team members who could provide in-person care with the appropriate PPE were able to use this technology to keep their patients connected with their loved ones. “If there is any silver lining it has helped us increase the implementation of telehealth technology,” Chief Medical Officer Eric Bush, MD, said. As we worked to stay connected with the community and those people aging in place, the technology allowed us to reach an even greater number of people. “It has really increased the demand for all that we do,” he said. That includes not only hospice and supportive care, but also bereavement care. Thanks to telehealth, Chesapeake Life Center has continued to be present for grievers during the pandemic. Much of that support for individuals, families and groups has been through a telehealth platform. Our Business Development and Community Education teams can attest that before COVID, we educated the clinical teams at our care partners such as assisted living centers and hospitals by offering in-person presentations. This was also the primary way we reached out to the community.
Just as lock-downs were beginning in March 2020, our community education team had already begun creating “Coping with COVID” videos. Working with our clinical experts and with funding from the John & Cathy Belcher Institute, we spent 2020 building a video library of more than 70 videos. This includes continuing education offerings that have been shared with professionals at our partner facilities and in the community, hundreds of school counselors throughout Maryland and on social media for everyone in the community. Some of these videos started as live webinars that we have banked for continued use. The number of people who have attended these virtual presentations far exceed the 10 to 20 people who would frequent our library presentations. We experienced a 64% increase in the community members we reached through virtual outreach and education in 2020 versus 2019. Though our volunteers would want nothing more than to be able to be visit patients and families in person, the numbers support keeping phone calls and virtual support in the Volunteer Services Team’s toolbox in some capacity after COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted. Our volunteer Caring Callers made more than 8,000 calls in 2020. We were able to more than double our annual record for performing Honor Salutes, having completed 280 virtual and socially distanced in-person salutes in 2020. Last year, our integrative arts videos featuring yoga, meditation, therapeutic music and more supported 280 families. As we turn the corner into 2021, we talk about going back. Truthfully however, things will never be exactly the same. And that is a good thing, Chesapeake Life Center Director Susan Coale said. “It’s not going to be what it used to be. We’ve developed creative new programs. We’ve expanded our offerings and the way we communicate,” she said. “We are never going to want to be all virtual. But there will be a greater variety of options available than there were before COVID. As we move through grief, we grow. We learn new things. And so our team is doing that, too.” The silver lining in the dark cloud is that all our teams are growing from the new things we have learned. When the storm clears, the rainbow will shine over how we became better by weathering the storm together. ABOVE: These are a few of the more than 50 educational videos we have produced to continue our community outreach efforts, even through COVID-19.
Prince George’s County Advisory Committee
Charles County Advisory Committee
Carlesa Finney
Janette Acevedo
Theresa K. Hussman
Melani Bell
Shelly Gross-Wade
Susan Green
Sharon Moore Jackson
Jason I. Henry
Edith Perry
Delegate Edith J. Patterson Albert Zanger
Leadership Our boards and advisory committees have been
integral to the important advances we have made
this year, particularity in light of COVID-19. Thank you
for bringing your passion, intellect, insight, experience and resources to our table.
Hospice of the Chesapeake, Inc. Board of Directors Charles Bagley, IV
Kathy McCollum
Michael Brady, Acting Chief Executive Officer & Chief Financial Officer
Tim McDonough
Michael DeStefano
Craig Muckle
Elizabeth Flury
Hilary O’Herlihy, Emeritus
Brian Gibbons
Martha O’Herlihy, Emeritus
Thomas B. Howell, Sr.
Michael Pappas
Susan Huff
Joyce R. Phillip
James I. Humphrey, Emeritus Theresa Hussman Rev. Dr. James G. Kirk, Emeritus Tricia Lehmann
Adam Riker, M.D. Nancy R. Smit David Weng, M.D. James Wilburn
Ben Marcantonio, Chief Executive Officer
Hospice of the Chesapeake Foundation Board of Directors Catherine Adelman
Russell Jones
Cathy Belcher
Carol Kasper, Emeritus
Michael Brady, Acting Chief Executive Officer & Chief Financial Officer
Marian Kaufman, Ph.D.
Kevin Campion
Jerry Klasmeier, Emeritus
Kevin Carter
Alex Laperrouse
Jason Cherry
Bill Love
Maria Colucciello, DDS Susan Duncan, Ed.D. Brian Gibbons
Bill Lovelace Ben Marcantonio, Chief Executive Officer Lisa Renfro, M.D.
Theresa Hussman
Ken Stanley
Mary Frances Isakov
Tony Toskov
Executive Executiveand andSenior SeniorLeadership LeadershipTeam Team
BenBen Marcantonio, Marcantonio, Chief Chief Executive Executive Officer Officer Michael Michael Brady, Brady, CPA, CPA, Acting Acting Chief Chief Executive Executive Officer Officer & Chief & Chief Financial Financial Officer Officer Regina Regina Moody, Moody, Chief Chief Operating Operating Officer Officer EricEric Bush, Bush, MD, MD, RPh, RPh, MBA, MBA, Chief Chief Medical Medical Officer Officer Shauna Shauna A. A. S. Chabot, S. Chabot, MBA, MBA, CFRE, CFRE, Chief Chief Advancement Advancement Officer Officer
Susan Coale, Director of Chesapeake Life Center Jasmine Crew, Director of Clinical Services Sandra Dillon, Director of Communications Chet Evans, Director of Information Services Jennifer Fisher, Director of Human Resources Lisa Griffee, Director of Quality, Compliance and Health Information Management Perry Limes, Director of Strategic Partnerships Leslie Longwood, Director of Clinical Services Patricia McMillan, Director of Medical Practice Management Allyson Slade, Director of Access Services Elizabeth Smith, Director of Education Courtney Stafford, Director of Business Development Kristin Williams, Director of Clinical Services – Charles County Christine Wilson, Director of Advancement and Volunteer Services Alain Viaud, Controller
2020 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL REPORT hospice of the chesapeake
Revenues 70.7% 7.8% 9.1% 10.5% 1.9%
Expenses 85.3% 0.1% 1.1%
11.0% 1.7% 0.8%
MEDICARE MEDICAID COMMERCIAL AND SELF PAY COMMUNITY SUPPORT OTHER REVENUE TOTAL REVENUE
$ 31,246,742 $ 3,457,170 $ 4,019,757 $ 4,645,629 $ 833,869 $ 44,203,167
PROGRAM SERVICES CHARITY, UNCOMPENSATED CARE AND OTHER PROGRAM FORGIVENESS SPIRITUAL AND BEREAVEMENT CARE
$ 31,543,197 $ 21,990 $ 397,252
TOTAL PROGRAM SERVICES, CHARITY, AND BEREAVEMENT CARE
$ 31,962,439
MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL FUNDRAISING OTHER
$ 4,378,843 $ 622,306 $295,709
TOTAL EXPENSES
$ 37,259,297
CHANGE IN NET ASSETS FROM OPERATIONS
$ 6,943,870
A copy of Hospice of the Chesapeake’s complete financial statement is available from our offices upon request. For the cost of postage and copies, document and information, submitted under the Maryland Solicitations Act are available from the Office of the Secretary of State, State House, Annapolis, MD 21401, 410-974-5534.
70.7% 7.8% 9.1% 10.5% 1.9%
MEDICARE MEDICAID COMMERCIAL AND SELF PAY COMMUNITY SUPPORT OTHER REVENUE
85.3% 0.1%
PROGRAM SERVICES CHARITY, UNCOMPENSATED CARE AND OTHER PROGRAM FORGIVENESS SPIRITUAL AND BEREAVEMENT CARE MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL FUNDRAISING OTHER
1.1% 11% 1.7% 0.8%
2020 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL REPORT hospice of charles county
Revenues 62.1% 2.0% 10.8% 19.7% 5.4%
Expenses 81.6% 0.0% 0.0%
16.8% 1.6%
MEDICARE MEDICAID COMMERCIAL AND SELF PAY COMMUNITY SUPPORT OTHER REVENUE TOTAL REVENUE
$ 545,677 $ 17,648 $ 95,172 $ 173,152 $ 47,631 $ 879,280
PROGRAM SERVICES CHARITY, UNCOMPENSATED CARE AND OTHER PROGRAM FORGIVENESS SPIRITUAL AND BEREAVEMENT CARE
$ 810,235 $0 $65
TOTAL PROGRAM SERVICES, CHARITY, AND BEREAVEMENT CARE
$ 810,300
MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL FUNDRAISING
$167,032 $16,073
TOTAL EXPENSES
$993,405
CHANGE IN NET ASSETS FROM OPERATIONS
($114,125)
A copy of Hospice of the Charles County’s complete financial statement is available from our offices upon request. For the cost of postage and copies, document and information, submitted under the Maryland Solicitations Act are available from the Office of the Secretary of State, State House, Annapolis, MD 21401, 410-974-5534.
62.1% 2.0% 10.8% 19.7% 5.4%
MEDICARE MEDICAID COMMERCIAL AND SELF PAY COMMUNITY SUPPORT OTHER REVENUE
81.6% 0.0%
PROGRAM SERVICES CHARITY, UNCOMPENSATED CARE AND OTHER PROGRAM FORGIVENESS SPIRITUAL AND BEREAVEMENT CARE MANAGEMENT AND GENERAL FUNDRAISING
0.0% 16.8% 1.6%