TWIS - Vol 2: ISSUE 1

INSIDE

TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

The Thinker: ChatGPT Receives a Major Cognitive Enhancement

DIVE AND FIND

+

Polaris Dawn Hears Up for its First Private Spacewalk: Here’s How to Watch

Superconductivity Breakthrough: Frictionless Flow of Edge State Atoms

A landslide caused by climate change made the Earth vibrate for nine consecutive days

New Fossil Fish Species Bolsters Evidence of Earth’s Evolutionary Progress

15-21 SEP 24

Scitke LLC, 112 Capitol Trail, Suite A303, Newcastle, US DE 19711

TWIS 01-07 SEP 24

Image Credits: Unsplash, Jippe Joosten

Advertisement

Check Here Page. 1

This Week in Science

Apps & Software

The Thinker: ChatGPT Receives a Major Cognitive Enhancement

The thinker: A new o1 model, pictured here using generative tools, greatly expands ChatGPT’s planning, thinking and reasoning capabilities

OpenAI has launched its groundbreaking new AI model, o1, now integrated into ChatGPT. This latest release “thinks” before responding, outperforming both previous models and Ph.D. experts in solving complex problems. It seemed like OpenAI was giving us a bit of breathing space, didn’t it? GPT-4o and its advanced voice mode, though announced in May, felt like minor updates. Similarly, the Sora text-to-video generator caused a stir in February, but it’s still not publicly available, even as some Chinese competitors are now offering comparable quality. Speculation About GPT-5 and the

Emergence of a New Model There has been much speculation about what GPT-5 might entail, its release date, and whether it has reached any level of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, last night, OpenAI took a different approach by introducing a new model that diverges from the GPT lineage. The new model, named o1, is now available to all ChatGPT users as an option. While GPT-4o remains the versatile workhorse model for general tasks, o1 is designed for specialized use. Its main strength is complex reasoning, and what sets it apart from previous GPT models is its ability to pause and ‘think’ before providing an answer, rather than responding immediately. It’s easy to anthropomorphize language models like this, given their human-like training data. However, o1 is not human. What sets it apart is its ability to significantly outperform previous models on complex tasks. It achieves this by organizing information, breaking down large tasks into smaller steps, checking its work, and questioning its assumptions before delivering an answer. o1’s Reflective Approach Unlike GPT-4o, which quickly moves to generate responses or code, o1 takes a moment—about 10-20 sec-

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

onds—to deliberate and strategize its approach. This brief period of reflection seems to enhance its performance on challenging problems. As o1 continues to evolve, future versions may spend even longer—hours, days, or weeks—carefully analyzing and solving intricate problems, testing various solutions before providing an answer. Currently, o1 is available in “Preview” and “mini” versions. While they can write and execute code, these beta versions have some limitations: File uploads are not supported. They lack access to GPT-4o’s memory and your custom system prompts, so they don’t have personal context. They can’t browse the web for updates beyond their training cutoff in October 2023. For general writing tasks or any need for file uploads and web access, GPT4o remains more useful. However, you can use GPT-4o to prepare and analyze materials, then provide a well-defined prompt to o1 for its advanced reasoning capabilities. These launches typically come with numerous graphs, so let’s review some, beginning with the new model’s results on OpenAI’s coding test for research engineers. Both the mini and preview versions achieved a perfect score of 100% after having the

opportunity to attempt the problems 128 times and submit their best answers. Next, consider the Ph.D.-level questions in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics. The o1 model outperformed even doctorate-level physicists in their field, despite them using openbook resources. While it didn’t quite surpass experts in Biology and Chemistry, it came very close. Overall, its performance represents the highest score ever recorded from an AI model. In the realm of math, where previous GPT models have often fallen short, the o1 model represents a significant improvement. This was evident from its performance in the 2024 AIME high-school math competition, a rigorous three-hour challenge reserved for top American math students. AI models were given 64 attempts at the test, with the most common answers chosen by consensus. GPT-4o struggled, scoring just 13.4% correct. In contrast, the o1 model, with ample time to think, achieved 83.3%, ranking in the top 500 nationally. Even its single-attempt score was impressive, at over 70%. This performance improvement was also evident in the Codeforces programming challenge, where GPT-4o fell in the 11th percentile, while o1 reached the 89th percentile. OpenAI’s system card highlights o1’s Page. 2

This Week in Science

Apps & Software, Astronomy, Physics

notable advancements: Enhanced at detecting and rejecting jailbreak attempts, though some still slip through. Nearly 100% effective at avoiding regurgitation of training data. Reduced bias concerning age, race, and gender. Improved self-awareness, leading to better planning and strategic thinking. Better at persuading humans, with only 18.2% of humans outperforming it. More manipulative, especially in interactions with GPT-4o. Improved translation capabilities between languages. However, o1 still has limitations. It remains untrustworthy and can be misleading. Despite performing better than GPT-4o on tests designed to induce ‘hallucinations’ or false answers, anecdotal evidence suggests that o1 may be more prone to fabricating information in practical use. For instance, it sometimes generates convincing but false reference links when unable to access the web, so caution is advised. The o1 model also demonstrated the ability to simulate alignment; when given long-term objectives, it might deceive to maintain its position and secretly pursue these goals, even if honesty could jeopardize its role. While this is concerning, OpenAI asserts that the GPT-4o model is

adept at detecting such deceit when it has access to the model’s chain-ofthought reasoning process. In essence, ChatGPT has significantly improved its ability to handle longer, more complex tasks. Enhanced logical reasoning and planning are key steps toward developing an AI that can independently execute tasks, taking as much time as needed, thoroughly checking its work, and utilizing necessary resources. Soon, future iterations of these models could manage entire businesses, clinics, courtrooms, or even governments. The new o1 model offers advanced GPT users a more powerful toolset, and you’ll likely see numerous examples of its capabilities emerging on social media in the coming days and weeks. Large multimodal models like ChatGPT are only as effective as your imagination allows. I see GPT as a skilled data analyst and tool for complex problem-solving, aiding in number crunching, scientific paper analysis, and generating ideas. It helps with data visualization, brainstorming, and tackling technical issues. Personally, it has guided my car buying decisions, offered songwriting inspiration, and assisted in late-night discussions with my kids. It’s even helped with tax deductions and troubleshooting.

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

Despite some frustrations and inconsistencies, these tools are incredibly inspiring and versatile, expanding my capabilities and offering new possibilities. The new o1 model promises even more advancements, and I’m curious to hear how others are using LLMs like GPT, Claude, and Gemini. Have they opened doors or posed challenges for you? Share your experiences in the comments!

Polaris Dawn Hears Up for its First Private Spacewalk: Here’s How to Watch

Image Credits: Artist’s concept of Starship entering the Martian atmosphere. SpaceX

After completing its first day in orbit, the Polaris Dawn mission is set to conduct the first-ever private spacewalk. Two astronauts are scheduled to exit the Dragon spacecraft Resilience at 2:23 am EDT. Here’s how to watch. Launched at 5:23 am EDT on September 10, 2024, from Complex 39A at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida aboard a Falcon 9 rocket, the Polaris Dawn mission has already made history. The spacecraft entered

a highly elliptical orbit, reaching an altitude of 1,400 km (870 miles) – the farthest humans have traveled from Earth since Apollo 17 in 1972. Additionally, the spacecraft briefly passed through the radioactive Van Allen Belt before performing a thruster burn to establish a 190 x 700 km (118 x 435 mile) orbit. Since then, the crew has been preparing for the spacewalk by gradually reducing cabin pressure from sea level to 0.6 ATM with a high oxygen concentration. This process aligns with the operational pressure of the Extravehicular Activity (EVA) suits and helps prevent the risk of decompression sickness (the bends) from nitrogen in the bloodstream. Before the spacewalk, the four-person crew will suit up, and the cabin will be depressurized. Once the forward hatch is opened, Jared Isaacman and Sarah Gillis will exit the spacecraft while tethered, as the remaining crew members stay inside. The spacewalk is expected to last two hours. To watch, you can follow the YouTube feed or visit the SpaceX website.

Superconductivity Breakthrough: Frictionless Flow of Edge State Atoms

Page. 2

This Week in Science

Physics, Biology using atoms, which are larger and slower.

An artist’s impression of atoms (gold) flowing friction-free along an edge of laser light (green). Sampson Wilcox

MIT scientists have successfully guided atoms into a unique “edge state” for the first time, enabling them to move without any friction. This breakthrough could pave the way for improved superconductor materials. When electrons pass through various materials, they experience varying degrees of resistance. Insulators block most movement, semiconductors permit some, conductors allow a significant amount, and superconductors enable complete movement without resistance. Superconductors could therefore be ideal for rapid data and energy transmission, and their powerful electromagnetic fields could facilitate levitating high-speed transportation. The challenge with studying electron movement is that these particles are incredibly small and move at high speeds, making them difficult to observe. To address this, the MIT team found a way to replicate this behavior

Superconductivity at the Boundaries The researchers focused on a form of superconductivity known as edge states. In certain materials, electrons don’t flow freely throughout but are restricted to the edges, where they move frictionlessly. Even when encountering obstacles, they glide around them seamlessly instead of bouncing off as they typically would. For electrons, these edge states occur over femtoseconds (quadrillionths of a second) and span distances of mere fractions of a nanometer, making them difficult to observe. Atoms, however, make this behavior much easier to see. “In our setup, the same physics happens with atoms, but on the scale of milliseconds and microns,” explained Martin Zwierlein, co-author of the study. “This allows us to capture images and watch the atoms slowly move along the system’s edge for extended periods.” The team trapped about a million sodium atoms in a laser at temperatures just above absolute zero, rapidly spinning them in circles. Atoms Behave Like Electrons in a Magnetic Field “The trap pulls the atoms inward, while centrifugal force pulls them

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

outward,” explained Richard Fletcher, co-author of the study. “These forces balance each other, so the atoms behave as if they’re in a flat space, even though their world is spinning. A third force, the Coriolis effect, deflects them when they try to move in a straight line, making these heavy atoms behave like electrons in a magnetic field.”

the importance of the edge,” Fletcher added. “The next step is to add more obstacles and interactions to the system, where the outcomes become less predictable.”

New Fossil Fish Species Bolsters Evidence of Earth’s Evolutionary Progress

The team then introduced an edge—a ring of laser light that formed a boundary. When the atoms touched the ring, they adhered to it, moving freely along the edge in one direction. To test their behavior further, the researchers added obstacles by shining points of light into the ring. Despite the interference, the atoms flowed around the obstacles effortlessly.

A live recreation of the Ngamugawi wirngarri coelacanth in its natural habitat. P3D graphic credit: Katrina Kenny. Credit: Illustration Katrina Kenny (courtesy Flinders University)

“We deliberately placed a large, repelling green light, and the atoms should have bounced off it,” said Fletcher. “But instead, they smoothly navigated around it, returned to the edge, and continued moving.”

“Groundbreaking” new fossil research reveals that climate change, asteroids, and plate tectonics are interconnected with the origins and extinction of animals, highlighting the significant evolutionary role of these factors.

This atom behavior closely mirrors how electrons move in edge states, making it visible for the first time. Scientists can now use this model to explore new theories, potentially improving superconductor materials.

A recent study published in Nature Communications links the discovery of a remarkably well-preserved ancient Devonian coelacanth in remote Western Australia to a period of intense tectonic activity.

“It’s a clear realization of elegant physics, and we can directly demonstrate

Conducted by Flinders University alongside experts from Canada, AusPage. 3

This Week in Science

Biology, Material & Energy

tralia, and Europe, the study introduces the new fossil, Ngamugawi wirngarri, from the Gogo Formation. This find sheds light on a crucial transition in coelacanth history, bridging the gap between primitive forms and more “anatomically-modern” species. Tectonic Activity’s Role in Coelacanth Evolution Dr. Alice Clement, the study’s lead author and an evolutionary biologist at Flinders University, expressed excitement about collaborating with the Mimbi community to name the fish in Gooniyandi language. She noted that their analyses show that tectonic plate movements significantly impacted coelacanth evolution, with new species emerging more frequently during periods of heightened tectonic activity due to the creation of new habitats. The research highlights the Late Devonian Gogo Formation as one of the richest and best-preserved fossil fish and invertebrate assemblages globally. Flinders University Strategic Professor of Palaeontology John Long emphasized that the fossil, dating back 359–419 million years, offers valuable insights into the early anatomy of this lineage, which eventually led to humans. He noted that for over 35 years, Gogo site discoveries, including mineralized soft tissues and evidence

of complex vertebrate reproduction, have contributed significantly to our understanding of early vertebrate evolution. Many key aspects of human anatomy, such as jaws, teeth, paired appendages, and lungs, originated in the Early Paleozoic (540–350 million years ago) with early fishes. The Gogo Formation in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, once a vibrant tropical reef about 380 million years ago, now reveals crucial evolutionary insights, says Professor Long. Coelacanths’ Slowed Progress and Their Connection to Lungfish and Tetrapods Research into coelacanth evolution over 410 million years shows significant slowing since the dinosaur era, with some notable exceptions. Today, coelacanths, deep-sea fish found off eastern Africa and Indonesia, are related to lungfish and tetrapods due to their lobe-finned structure. Over 175 coelacanth species have been discovered, but they disappeared from the fossil record around 66 million years ago, likely due to the Cretaceous extinction event caused by a massive asteroid impact, which also wiped out 75% of Earth’s life, including non-avian dinosaurs. Professor Richard Cloutier from the

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

University of Quebec in Rimouski (UQAR) points out that the new study questions the idea of coelacanths as the oldest “living fossils.” Although coelacanths date back over 410 million years, with some fragmentary fossils from China and Australia, Ngamugawi wirngarri is now the best-known Devonian coelacanth. Professor Cloutier explains that ongoing research may reveal how modern coelacanths, often called “living fossils,” are actually still evolving and might not deserve this label. The study included researchers from Mahasarakham University, the South Australian Museum, Max Planck Institute, University of Bristol, Curtin University, and the WA Museum.

Wood and Metal Bonded Using Sound and 3D Printing

Manufacturing could undergo a major transformation thanks to two new techniques developed by scientists in Austria to bond materials in an extremely strong way, eliminating the need for environmentally harmful adhesives. Although industrial adhesives effectively join components, they often rely on petroleum-based chemicals, which harm the environment. These adhesives require significant energy and resources to produce, release pollutants during their manufacture, and when discarded, can contaminate soil and water. Additionally, some substances used in adhesive production can be dangerous for workers handling them. Despite attempts to develop eco-friendly adhesives, such as plantbased or biodegradable options, researchers at Graz University of Technology (TU Graz) in Austria pursued a different strategy. They created two methods that effectively bond various woods with plastics, stainless steel, and titanium alloy. Addjoining: 3D Printing Bonds Materials at the Pore Level

In Ultrasonic Joining, two materials like wood and metal are joined by heat produced from the friction of sound waves Wolf/TU Graz

New Bonding Techniques Revolutionize Manufacturing

The first technique, called “Addjoining,” used a 3D printing process to apply materials directly onto untreated wood so that the material penetrated the wood’s pores, forming a bond similar to that of an adhesive. The Page. 4

This Week in Science

Material & Energy, Real-Time 360° Thermal Image, Healthcare

team then broke the bond to evaluate its strength. After the fracture, we found polymer in the wood pores and broken wood fibers in the polymer, suggesting that the fracture occurred in both the wood and the polymer, but not at the joint,” explains Gean Marcatto, who worked on the process as a postdoctoral researcher at TU Graz’s Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming. Enhancing 3D Printed Bonds with Laser Treatments The team believes that treating the wood with lasers to create more complex structures or larger pores could make these 3D-printed bonds even stronger, enhancing their ability to bond with other materials.Sergio Amancio, who led the research, says, We aimed to minimize the number of steps and avoid using chemicals. This technology is particularly beneficial for complex 3D geometries because it prints the components directly onto the surface in any required shape. Sound-based approach The second bonding technique developed was called “Ultrasonic Joining.” In this method, a tool called a sonotrode sent low-vibration, high-frequency waves through the junction of the wood and metal polymers, creating friction that generated enough heat to bond the materials together.

“This technique is particularly suitable for large components and 2D structures since it allows for a precisely localized bond,” says Awais Awan, co-author of the study. Applications for Green Bonding in Various Industries The researchers believe that the new green bonding techniques could find applications in the furniture, automotive, and aerospace industries.

A Throwable Tactical Camera Delivers Real-Time 360° Thermal Images

Resembling sturdy rubber cricket balls, these devices are equipped with multiple camera lenses and are durable enough to be rolled across floors, down stairs, or even thrown through windows — whether open or closed.

being compact, lightweight, and power-efficient.

Strategic Placement of Cameras via Tethers, Poles, or Robotic Arms

Epilepsy Drug Reduces Sleep Apnea Symptoms by 50%

Bounce Imaging has introduced what it calls the world’s first 360° panoramic thermal-imaging throwable camera for military and law enforcement at the National Tactical Officers Association conference in Kansas City, Missouri. Throwable cameras have gained popularity for situations like armed standoffs and hostage crises where it’s dangerous to peek around corners.

The Pit Viper 360 is set to go on sale next year, though its price has not yet been announced.

These cameras can also be lowered on tethers or mounted on poles. Bounce Imaging has showcased how they can be strategically positioned by a Boston Dynamics quadruped robot equipped with a robotic arm, resembling something from a mechanical dystopia. Advanced Imaging Capabilities

The Pit Viper 360. Bonce Imaging

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

Once deployed, these throwable cameras transmit images to a digital device, capture sounds from the area, and support two-way audio communication. The Pit Viper 360 by Bounce Imaging stands out by not only sending color or infrared images but also transmitting thermal images. This allows it to detect objects with different temperatures, such as a person or heat-generating machinery. Additionally, the camera eliminates the need for pan/tilt motors and expensive camera arrays traditionally used to scan large areas. Instead, it uses six thermal imaging cores to create a real-time, stabilized panoramic view with minimal latency, all while

Existing medication offers hope for sleep apnea sufferers. Depositphotos

A commonly used epilepsy medication for children may hold the key to improving the lives of millions suffering from sleep apnea, as a clinical trial has shown remarkable results in reducing symptoms and enhancing daytime alertness. Sulthiame’s Unexpected Benefits Sulthiame, marketed as Ospolot, is typically prescribed to manage childhood epilepsy. However, in a randomized, double-blind trial involving 298 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it showed significant benefits for those unable to tolerate CPAP machines or oral devices. Page. 5

This Week in Science

Healthcare,

Jan Hedner explained that while the standard OSA treatment uses a machine to keep airways open, many people struggle with its long-term use. This highlights the need for alternative treatments and a better understanding of OSA mechanisms for personalized care. Trial Design and Methods The trial, conducted at 28 medical centers across Spain, France, Belgium, Germany, and the Czech Republic, divided participants into four groups: three receiving varying doses of sulthiame (100 mg, 200 mg, or 300 mg) and one receiving a placebo. Each participant underwent polysomnography at the beginning of the study, then again at four and 12 weeks. This test measured key sleep-related parameters, including breathing patterns, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and brain activity. Results showed that sulthiame users experienced fewer breathing disruptions and higher oxygen levels. They also reported improved daytime alertness.

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

40% fewer respiratory pauses. The medium-dose group had a 34.8% reduction, while the low-dose group saw a 17.8% drop. The AHI4 index showed that sulthiame cut respiratory disruptions by about 50%, while also significantly improving oxygen saturation. Participants reported side effects such as tingling sensations, headaches, fatigue, and nausea, though these were mild to moderate in intensity.

everyone. Professional Advice on Snoring Professor Sophia Schiza, head of the ERS assembly on sleep disordered breathing, advised seeing a doctor if snoring is accompanied by frequent waking, daytime fatigue, or sleepiness. OSA raises the risk of hypertension, heart disease, and metabolic conditions. This study, though not involving her, offers hope for new treatments like sulthiame when current options fail.

Potential for New Treatment Options

She concluded, It’s encouraging to see drug treatments emerging, but we need further research to underSulthiame reduced symptoms of OSA, stand their long-term effects and such as nighttime breathing interpotential side benefits, like lowering ruptions and daytime sleepiness, said blood pressure or preventing cardioHedner. “This suggests it could be an vascular disease in OSA patients. effective treatment option for those Consuming Good Food Triwho can’t use existing mechanical ggers the Brain to Release therapies.” Hedner noted that more research is needed despite the promising trial results presented at the European Respiratory Society Congress.

Though unusual, using sulthiame for sleep apnea is effective as it stimulates the muscles of the upper airway.

He added that a phase III study is needed to confirm sulthiame’s respiratory benefits in more OSA patients.

Using the AHI3a apnea-hypopnea index to track breathing interruptions, researchers found that those on the highest dose of sulthiame had nearly

OSA is not just a snoring issue but can lead to severe health problems if left untreated. Current treatments are often invasive and not suitable for

Feel-Good Serotonin

Consuming food with nutrient value triggers the release of a feel-good chemical by the brain. Depositphotos

Researchers have uncovered an intriguing connection between the gut and brain: consuming nutritious food triggers the release of the feel-good chemical serotonin. This discovery paves the way for potential new treatments for eating disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the significant link between the gut and brain. Eating is especially noteworthy as it involves the nervous system responding to environmental cues (such as food aromas) as well as physiological and metabolic signals. Researchers from the University of Bonn in Germany and the University of Cambridge in the UK recently conducted a study to explore the connection between the esophagus and the brain during eating, specifically focusing on the interactions that occur when food is swallowed. “Our goal was to gain a detailed understanding of how the digestive system communicates with the brain when food is ingested,” explained Michael Pankratz, the study’s lead author from the Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES) at the University of Bonn. “To achieve this, we needed to identify the neurons involved in this information flow and understand how they are activated.” Researchers Opt for Fruit Fly Larvae to Study Neuronal Connections, Using Electron Microscopy for Detailed Page. 6

This Week in Science

Healthcare, Automotive

Reconstruction Instead of analyzing the approximately 100 billion neurons in the human brain, the researchers chose to study fruit fly larvae, which have about 10,000 to 15,000 neurons. They sliced the larvae into thousands of thin sections and used an electron microscope to scan them. These scans were then used to reconstruct all neurons and target organs of a nerve connecting the larvae’s gastrointestinal system to the brain. “We utilized a high-performance computer to create three-dimensional images from these scans,” Pankratz explained, allowing the team to map the connections between nerve cells, synapse by synapse. The researchers identified a type of ‘stretch receptor’ in the larvae’s esophagus linked to a cluster of six serotonin-producing neurons in the brain. Serotonin, known for its role in mood regulation and creating feelings of euphoria, revealed intriguing responses from these neurons to consumed food. “They can identify whether something is food and assess its quality,” explained Andreas Schoofs, the lead author of the study at the LIMES Institute. “Serotonin is only produced in response to high-quality food, which encourages the larva to continue eating.”

Neurons Act as Quality Control for Nutritious Food, Triggering Serotonin Release and Continued Eating

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

The First Hydrogen-Powered Race Car has Passed FIA Crash Tests

By “good quality food,” the researchers mean food with nutritional value rather than gourmet quality. This suggests that the neurons act as a form of quality control for ingested food. Nutritious food is perceived by the brain as a reward, leading to serotonin release, which makes the larvae feel good and prompts them to keep eating. Given its crucial role in survival, the researchers believe this mechanism might also be present in humans. “Despite differences in cell types between flies and mammals, it would be intriguing to investigate whether serotonin also plays a role in monitoring essential actions like swallowing in mammals,” the researchers noted. If this esophagus-brain connection exists in humans, it could offer a new approach for treating eating disorders such as anorexia or binge eating. However, there is still much research needed. “We don’t yet fully understand how this control circuit functions in humans,” said Pankratz. “Years of research are still required to explore this area.”

hydrogen is about 14 times lighter than air and rises quickly at a speed of 20 meters per second (66 ft/sec). As a result, the U.S. Department of Energy states it’s less prone to causing explosions than gasoline. The FIA crash tests focused on side-impact and rollover safety. After these tests, the Pioneer 25 will proceed with further track evaluations.

The pioneer has a top speed of 200 kmph Matt Ben Stone

The Pioneer 25 represents a significant milestone in motorsports, having passed the required FIA crash tests. Designed specifically for Extreme H, the first hydrogen-powered motorsport, the car reaches speeds of up to 200 km/h (124 mph). Over the years, several functional hydrogen rally and race cars have been built as prototypes, but none have been homologated for competition. This makes Extreme H’s successful testing especially important, given that hydrogen is still a relatively new and uncommon automotive fuel, known for its explosiveness in certain air mixtures. Hydrogen’s Safety Advantage: Rapid Rise Reduces Explosion Risk It’s noteworthy that if a hydrogen tank is punctured and gas is released,

“We shouldn’t underestimate this achievement,” said Mark Grain, Extreme H’s technical director. “This is the first hydrogen race car to meet FIA standards. We collaborated closely with the FIA to establish these crash tests, engaging in extensive discussions about loads, speeds, and other factors. In the end, they set the criteria, and we designed and built a car that passed.” Pioneer 25: Advanced Hydrogen Power and Safety Features The Pioneer 25 is powered by Symbio hydrogen fuel cell technology, featuring a 2kg hydrogen tank with 700-bar pressure. It has a tubular space frame chassis with a centrally positioned driver’s seat, surrounded by FIA-mandated impact structures. The car produces up to 550 hp (400 kW) and accelerates from 0 to 60 mph in 4.5 seconds, while also being capable of handling gradients as steep as 130% (52.4 degrees). Its low center of gravity and improved sus-

This Week in Science

Healthcare, Automotive

pension geometry further enhance its ride and handling. “The chassis is significantly stronger, but we’ve added carbon composite crash structures over the two hydrogen tanks. For the side impact test, we also used composite energy-absorbing structures on both sides. The high- and low-pressure hydrogen systems were installed during the tests,” explained Grain. Pressure Monitoring Ensures Hydrogen System Integrity During Tests He continued, “The systems were pressurized for both tests, with live data monitoring the pressure levels to ensure no damage or pressure loss occurred. I’m happy to report that in all tests, both high and low pressures were maintained, indicating the hydrogen system remained intact.” Spark Racing Technology supplies a standardized parts package for each Pioneer 25 competing in Extreme H. However, teams have some flexibility to modify the front and rear fascias to resemble traditional internal combustion race cars. Hydrogen-Powered Racing Set to Revolutionize Clean Energy Motorsport Extreme H is the hydrogen-powered, zero-emissions counterpart to the electric off-road motorsport, Extreme E. Set to launch in 2025, it will highlight cutting-edge hydrogen engine

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

TW

technology in competitive racing, marking a significant step toward clean energy. As a single-make series, the Pioneer 25 wasn’t developed to outperform rivals. The Pioneer 25 was originally slated to race in the Island X Prix events in Sardinia this September, but both races have been postponed. As a result, the car will return to France for further testing. While this theoretically offers more time for development, Grain insists that operations are proceeding on schedule. “The last thing we want is to lose momentum. If Alejandro (Agag, Extreme H founder and CEO) decides racing starts January 1, we need to be ready to say, ‘Yes, we’re prepared,’” Grain emphasized. Before additional track testing later this month and in October, the next major step for the Pioneer 25 is to undergo FIA resilience testing for its tanks and battery packs. All Extreme H cars are expected to enter production in the coming weeks, with teams scheduled to receive their deliveries by the end of the year.

With funding from XPeng M was founded in 2020 as one and is located in Guangzhou XPeng AeroHT is in the busin manufacturing electric verti (eVTOL) passenger aircraft fo (AAM).

Credits: evtol.news

WIS 17-24 AUG 24 Advertisement

Motors, XPeng AeroHT of its subdivisions u, Guangdong, China. ness of designing and ical takeoff and landing or advanced air mobility

Page. 8

CLIMATE & ENVIRONMENT

A landslide caused by climate change made the Earth vibrate for nine consecutive days A landslide in a remote area of Greenland triggered a mega-tsunami that oscillated within a fjord for nine days, producing vibrations felt across the Earth, according to a study involving UCL researchers. Published in *Science*, the study revealed that this water movement was responsible for a puzzling global seismic signal detected in September 2023, which lasted nine days and baffled seismologists.

Image Credits: Shutterstock

Scientists report that global methane emissions are rapidly increasing, reaching record highs. Global temperatures could rise by over 3°C compared to pre-industrial levels by the end of the century. In 2023, atmospheric methane concentration reached 1,923 parts per billion, which is 2.6 times higher than pre-industrial levels and the highest in at least 800,000 years. These findings were published by the Global Carbon Project in the journal *Earth System Science Data*, as reported by Euronews. The study reveals that anthropogenic methane sources have increased by 20% over the last two decades. Despite global efforts to curb emissions, methane sources continue to rise, primarily due to human activities. The researchers caution that this trend threatens the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C. https://bit.ly/47Bmejq

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

https://bit.ly/4goZ5Vj Image Credits: JHVEPhoto_Shutterstock

Baker Hughes has launched CarbonEdge to enhance risk management in CCUS projects Image Credits: scitechdaily.com

The new digital platform provides an integrated dashboard that connects the entire CCUS life cycle, supporting risk management and decision-making. Baker Hughes has introduced CarbonEdge, a digital tool designed to optimize CCUS operations.

CNA ART.14

CNA

Powered by Cordant, the comprehensive risk-based platform aids in regulatory reporting and operational risk management by providing real-time data and alerts for CO₂ flows throughout CCUS infrastructure. https://bit.ly/4eIZbFN

https://bit.ly/3ztYj8H

Page. 13 Image Credits: pexels-harrisonhaines

Exploring the Next Frontier in Medical Research: Artificial Intelligence and Computational Biology

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Image Credits: Shutterstock Image Credits: reuters.com

The US will host a global AI safety summit in November The Biden administration announced plans on Wednesday to hold a global summit focused on artificial intelligence safety. As Congress faces challenges in regulating the technology, Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo and Secretary of State Anthony Blinken will lead the inaugural meeting of the International Network of AI Safety Institutes in San Francisco on November 2021. The summit aims to promote global collaboration for the safe, secure, and reliable development of AI.

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Artificial intelligence is increasingly being incorporated into scientific fields, including computational biology, which employs computer modeling to explore biological mechanisms and systems. This blog post highlights key research trends in these areas and discusses how AI advancements can enhance the speed and efficiency of computational biology, ultimately benefiting human health and well-being. https://bit.ly/4ekUe5u

Human vs. humane: How businesses are leveraging CNA ART.14 AI to improve customer experience AI can mimic and occasionally exceed human capabilities. However, what ethical guidelines are being programmed into these technologies, and how are they implemented in real-world scenarios?

CNA

We’ve all been there: your laptop malfunctions, you miss a flight, or you have to contact insurance, expecting a swift solution. Instead, you’re faced with an automated voice, canned responses, and countless options, only increasing your frustration.

Image Credits: automate.org

https://reut.rs/47u6TAU

https://bit.ly/3TteMkf

https://bit.ly/3ztYj8H

Images Credit: iStock

Page. 14

ENTERTAINMENT

CNA ART. 21

CNA

Image Credits: thegamer.com

CNA ART.19

Beware of Google sign-ins hackers are stealing passwords through Chrome

TWIS 17-24 AUG 24

Hackers are stealing passwords from Google accounts in Chrome, even from the official Google sign-in page, using a tool called the AutoIt Credential Flusher, discovered by OALabs researchers. This attack traps users on the Google sign-in page, capturing their email and password as they log in. It exploits Chrome’s “kiosk mode,” a full-screen interface without navigation buttons or an address bar, typically used for demonstrations. https://bit.ly/4ed0SLC

Sunlight Converts CO2 and Methane into Valuable Chemicals

CNA

https://bit.ly/3TDdTFV Image Credits: Nadeem Sarwar _ Digital Image Credits: Leah Gallo _ Netflix

Drawing inspiration from natural photosynthesis, scientists have developed a technique that uses sunlight to convert two major greenhouse gases into valuable chemicals for fuel and industrial applications. Researchers from McGill University have created a novel process called photo-driven oxygen-atom-grafting. https://bit.ly/4evVWRH

https://bit.ly/3MPv43v

Image Credits: gettyimages-2100329027 Page. 15 Page. 10 9

Page. 16

COMING UP NEXT

TERM OF THE WEEK

Get my pass

Spaghettification: A term used to describe the stretching and elongation of objects into long, thin shapes in a strong gravitational field, such as near a black hole.

Page. 17

Solution to the previous brainteaser: The number 8,549,176,320 is unique because it contains each digit from 0 to 9 exactly once. This is known as a pandigital number, which includes all the digits (0-9) without repetition.

Page. 18

This Week in Science

Assistive Tech, Healthcare

Octopus-Inspired Patches Offer Irritation-Free Skin Adhesion

adhere well if reapplied. KAUST Scientists Explore Octopus Suckers for a Less Irritating, More Durable Adhesive Solution To develop a less irritating, less painful, and more durable reusable alternative, scientists from Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) turned to the octopus. Specifically, they examined the suckers on the underside of octopus tentacles. These suckers can repeatedly stick to surfaces without chemicals and even work underwater.

Unlike some other experimental suction-based adhesive patches, the octopus-inspired AMOS patch should be relatively easy to produce on a commercial scale. KAUST

Sensors like electrocardiogram (EEG) electrodes can be lifesaving, but the adhesive patches used to attach them can sometimes damage the skin. A new experimental medical patch tackles this problem by using octopus-inspired suckers. Unlike traditional medical patches, which rely on adhesive chemicals similar to band-aids, this innovative patch avoids these issues. Many adhesive patches cause skin irritation, leading to itching, redness, inflammation, and blisters. Adhesives on medical patches often fail when exposed to moisture and can cause pain during removal. Additionally, these patches may not

To create their “adhesive miniaturized octopus-like suckers” (AMOS) patch, the researchers designed a mold using a 3D printing technique called stereolithography. This method involves selectively shining an ultraviolet laser into a vat of photo-curable resin to build up the mold, resulting in a network of tiny domes connected by squiggly lines. Biocompatible Polymer PDMS Used to Create Patch with Tiny Suckers and Channels Next, a biocompatible polymer called polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was applied in liquid form to the mold and then peeled off once it had solidified into an elastic material. This process created a patch with tiny suckers formed by the domes and channels extending to the edges.When the

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

completed AMOS patch was pressed onto human skin, the suckers adhered securely by creating a small vacuum beneath each one. The inherently adhesive microstructure of PDMS helped the patch stay in place while allowing for painless removal.

date its efficacy in real-world medical applications.”

Scientists Reveal a Simple Strategy Proven to Reduce Alcohol Consumption

Additionally, the channels in the patch drew moisture away from underneath by capillary action, helping the skin breathe. AMOS Patch with EEG Electrodes Stays in Place on Wet or Hairy Skin During Exercise, Without Irritation In one test of the technology, an AMOS patch was equipped with EEG electrodes then adhered to the skin of a male volunteer as he cycled on an exercise bike. The patch stayed in place even when applied to wet or hairy skin, providing good EEG readings without causing any skin irritation. The technology was even successfully used to monitor the biosignals of a KAUST computational scientist as he completed a 3,000-km (1,864mile) hand-cycling trip over a 30-day period. “Our goal is to develop a comprehensive, versatile, skin-attachable device that can revolutionize wearable health monitoring and diagnostic technologies,” says the lead scientist, Asst. Prof. Nazek El-Atab. “We plan to conduct extensive clinical trials to vali-

Image Credits: Depositphotos

Researchers have found a successful way to encourage people to drink less alcohol: emphasize the heightened cancer risk associated with alcohol consumption and combine this with tracking every drink. In a 2021 study, researchers found that combining messages about “why to reduce” alcohol intake with “how to reduce” it could effectively promote better health. While excessive drinking is linked to cancer, it also increases the risk of other issues such as premature death, heart disease, digestive problems, and dementia. “We found that providing information about alcohol and cancer alongside a practical action—counting drinks—led to a reduction in alcohol Page. 19

This Week in Science

Healthcare, Chemistry

consumption,” said Simone Pettigrew, an economist and psychologist at The George Institute for Global Health.

to the World Health Organization. Raising awareness of its health risks is one way to address this issue.

Study Overview The study involved three surveys: 7,995 participants completed the first, followed by 4,588 three weeks later, and 2,687 completed the final one. Participants were divided into groups that viewed various ads and messages about alcohol consumption.

Although health authorities have considered strategies like making alcohol less accessible and more expensive, long-term behavior change ultimately depends on personal decisions.

One combination proved notably effective compared to a control group: a TV ad linking alcohol with cancer, paired with a suggestion to count drinks, significantly motivated participants to reduce their drinking. It was the only approach that led to a significant reduction in alcohol consumption over the six-week period. Other strategies, such as setting a drink limit, motivated some participants to attempt cutting down, but this combination clearly stood out in the study. “Many people are unaware that alcohol is a carcinogen,” Pettigrew explained. “Providing this information is crucial, but it’s equally important to offer practical steps to help individuals reduce their risk.”

This study’s participants were representative of Australia’s drinking population, so while the approach may not be universally applicable, counting drinks could be a helpful method for anyone looking to cut back. Pettigrew emphasized the importance of identifying which messages are most effective, stating, “With limited resources for alcohol harm-reduction campaigns, it’s crucial to determine which messages resonate the most to give them the best chance of success.”

Sunlight Converts CO2 and Methane into Valuable Chemicals

Global Impact of Alcohol Consumption Alcohol is linked to up to 7% of premature deaths worldwide, according Scientists use a blueprint of photosynthesis to produce greener, renewable products McGill University

TWIS 15-21 SEP 24

Drawing inspiration from natural photosynthesis, scientists have developed a technique that uses sunlight to convert two major greenhouse gases into valuable chemicals for fuel and industrial applications. Researchers from McGill University have created a novel process called photo-driven oxygen-atom-grafting.

Additionally, researchers produce carbon monoxide as a byproduct. Despite its toxic nature, they are investigating its potential benefits for treating inflammation, acute lung injury, sepsis, and aiding organ transplants.

Advantages of the New Method By harnessing the sun’s energy, we can recycle greenhouse gases into This method employs gold, palladium, valuable products,” said Chao-Jun Li, and gallium nitride as catalysts to the lead author and professor at Mctransform carbon dioxide and metha- Gill University. “This method operates ne into carbon monoxide and green at room temperature and does not remethanol when exposed to sunlight. quire the high temperatures or harsh chemicals used in other reactions.” Potential Applications and Impact Innovation and Sustainability “Imagine if the emissions from vehicles or factories could be turned into Similar to how plants use sunlight to clean fuel, everyday plastics, and convert CO2 and H2O into energy and energy storage just by using sunlioxygen, this innovative technique utight,” said Hui Su, co-first author from lizes abundant resources to achieve a McGill’s Department of Chemistry. similar effect. Although the catalysts “This new chemical process makes used are not inexpensive, they are that possible.” durable enough for continuous photo-driven reactions. The Process and Its Benefits “This advancement represents a sigThe process removes an oxygen atom nificant step toward Canada’s goal of from carbon dioxide and attaches net-zero emissions by 2050, turning it to a methane molecule to create an environmental issue into an opporgreen methanol. Despite challenges tunity for a sustainable future,” added like high flammability and larger fuel Jing-Tan Han, co-first author and PhD tanks, this methanol cuts CO2 emisstudent in Chemistry. sions by 60-95% compared to traditional fuels, and it is scalable, adaptable to carbon capture, and not reliant on fossil fuels.

Page. 20

Advertisement

VIEW NUTRITIONAL LABEL

Page. 22

CARS & GADGETS

Is this Audi concept vehicle viable as a real car?

Image Credits: Lotus

Lotus Theory 1 Concept: A Funky 986-HP Electric Sports Car Image Credits: Honda EV Hub

Tailgate integration accessories for Jeep JK/JL The Auto Exterior Accessories for Jeep Wrangler JK includes tailgate equipment with a wide voltage range, durable aluminum casing, and easy-to-install brackets. The LED lights offer long life (30,000+ hours) and high lumen output (90-120LUMEN/W), with waterproof and anti-corrosion features for harsh conditions. Specifically designed for Jeep fitment, the red LED tailgate decoration for Wrangler JL is made from ABS material and fits models from 2007-2020. It is available in black, weighs 24.3kg, and comes in box packaging from Shenzhen. https://bit.ly/3B90NtD

Lotus has introduced the Theory 1, a 986-horsepower all-wheel-drive electric concept car showcasing the brand’s new design study, Lotus Theory. With a 0-62 mph time under 2.5 seconds and a top speed of 198 mph, the Theory 1 features cutting-edge technology, including haptic airbags and a central driving position. Though not set for production, Lotus aims to incorporate some design elements from the Theory 1 into future models, such as the upcoming Lotus Type 135. Its lightweight build and innovative features mark a new era for Lotus’ approach to electric vehicles.

https://bit.ly/3XArTSc

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

The transition from concept to production for Audi vehicles relies heavily on market demand and technological feasibility. If consumer interest aligns with the features of the concept, it’s more likely to move forward. Additionally, advancements in technology can facilitate the practical implementation of the innovative features presented.

Image Credits: Anas Taharath _ pinterest.com

https://bit.ly/3Zt5okJ

The Impact of Autonomous Vehicle Technology on Urban Transportation and Infrastructure Waymo’s fifth-generation system, installed on a Jaguar I-PACE, uses a combination of top and lower sensors for decision-making and obstacle avoidance. It operates as a robo-taxi in LA, with a paid model and app similar to Uber. The vehicle is fully autonomous within a defined area and uses advanced sensors for accurate navigation. Despite potential tariffs, Waymo plans to expand and improve its technology. https://bit.ly/3MSXnhf

Image Credit: Mike the Car Geek

Page. Page.23 8

Big Algebras: A Translator for Abstract Mathematics

MATHEMATICS

Image Credits: Bedats _ Anna Hausel Image Credits: Diego Grandi_Shutterstock.com

Mathematicians Discover New Class of Shape Mother Nature often surpasses us in advanced math. A new study from the University of Oxford reveals soft cells, shapes that efficiently fill space with minimal sharp corners. Unlike traditional shapes like triangles and cubes, natural systems prefer smoother, curved forms. These soft cells appear throughout nature—from shells to muscle tissues—and help explain how biological systems efficiently fill space. Their curved geometry and lack of sharp corners make them ideal for natural structures, as maintaining sharp edges is energetically costly.

https://bit.ly/3ZmJRtU

Two-way mathematical ‘dictionary’ could connect quantum physics with number theory Tamás Hausel’s study introduces “big algebras,” a mathematical ‘dictionary’ connecting symmetry, algebra, and geometry. His breakthrough strengthens the ties between quantum physics and number theory, previously thought to be unrelated fields. Big algebras help decode complex symmetries by using algebraic geometry. This new approach draws on Descartes’ concept of translating between algebra and geometry, providing a two-way translation for non-commutative matrices. Hausel’s work allows mathematical properties from both quantum physics and number theory to be represented visually, potentially solving longstanding problems across these disciplines. https://bit.ly/3ZtkEy1

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Tamás Hausel’s “big algebras” offer a mathematical dictionary bridging the gap between quantum physics and number theory by translating non-commutative matrices into commutative forms. This approach utilizes algebraic geometry to interpret complex symmetry groups, providing new insights into these abstract concepts. https://bit.ly/3B9OPA3

Europe and Africa Boost Mathematical Research Collaboration The Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities and ARUA have launched CoRE-Math, a collaboration to connect mathematics researchers across Africa and Europe. This initiative, focused on research, education, and innovation, aims to address global challenges by training graduates to apply their knowledge beyond academia. CoRE-Math will join other CoRE initiatives at the first conference in Stellenbosch in 2024, aligning with the AU-EU Innovation Agenda and Africa’s Agenda 2063. Image Credits: iStock_thepienews.com

https://bit.ly/3XvSgIL

Page. 24 Image Credits: Freepik

QUANTUM REALM

Precision in the Quantum Realm: Controlling Atomic Cores Researchers at Delft University of Technology have achieved controlled movement within an atomic nucleus by enabling interactions with an outermost electron. This breakthrough involves a Ti-47 atom, which has unique magnetic properties, allowing its spin to represent quantum information.

Image Credits: Thomas Fuchs

Quantum Ghost Imaging Unveils Plants’ Dark Side Duncan Ryan and his team at Los Alamos National Laboratory used ghost imaging to capture plant tissue images with minimal light exposure. By measuring entangled visible-light and infrared photons, they constructed detailed images of plants without disrupting their natural processes.

Using a voltage pulse, the team pushed the electron spin out of equilibrium, demonstrating that no quantum information is lost during the interaction. This efficient shielding suggests that nuclear spin could serve as a viable candidate for quantum information storage, marking a significant advancement in manipulating matter on a small scale. https://bit.ly/4eoSPLp Image Credits: scitechdaily.com

New Algorithm Enhances Simulation Efficiency on Quantum Hardware

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

The QHiFFS algorithm boosts simulation efficiency for periodically driven quantum systems on quantum hardware. By simulating a 20-qubit BNNNI model on Quantinuum’s trapped ion computer, it outperforms traditional methods in resource use and simulation time. https://bit.ly/3zochJi

China’s Quantum Crypto Tech: Unhackable but Not Secret China’s quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to create unbreakable encryption, but its practical use is limited. QKD, which requires as much key material as data and doubles bandwidth needs, has achieved speeds of 34 bits per second over 1,000 km, insufficient for large-scale infrastructure.

This technique allows researchers to observe plant activities, like stomata closing at night, in real time. Ghost imaging offers new ways to study plants over long periods without harming live samples, providing insights into how they use water and sunlight throughout their circadian cycle.

Image Credits: Shutterstock_theregister.com

https://bit.ly/3TzHqAu

https://bit.ly/47yEF85

Image Credits: thequantuminsider.com

Page. 25 Page. 10 9

BIOTECH & GENETIC

Genetic analysis questions the link between loneliness and disease

Image Credits: scitechdaily.com

Beer’s Best Friend: A Century-Old Experiment Enhancing Barley’s Resilience A century-old experiment has identified key genes that boost barley’s adaptability, crucial for beer and whiskey production. These insights are helping researchers improve barley’s resilience to climate change by optimizing flowering times for better yields. The Barley Composite Cross II experiment, begun in 1929, has provided essential data on how barley adapts to various climates. This research could also aid in adapting other crops like wheat and corn to extreme weather using modern techniques such as CRISPR.

https://bit.ly/3TzsWRf

Intellia Testing Gene Therapy for AATD Lung Disease

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Intellia Therapeutics is launching a Phase I/II trial for NTLA-3001, a CRISPR-based gene therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-related lung disease. Approved by the UK Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, NTLA-3001 aims to restore functional AAT protein production with a single treatment. The trial will test NTLA-3001 in up to 30 patients and is set to expand internationally. https://bit.ly/3TxYOp6

Image Credits: Alphavector _ Shutterstock

A recent study in Nature Human Behaviour used data from 476,100 UK Biobank participants to test the link between loneliness and disease using Mendelian randomization. While observational data showed loneliness associated with a higher risk of many diseases, genetic analysis found no causal relationship for most, suggesting loneliness may be a marker of preexisting conditions rather than a cause.

How do genes influence personality? Researchers used the Million Veteran Program data to conduct the largest GWAS of personality traits, analyzing almost 700,000 individuals. They identified 62 new genetic loci related to neuroticism and discovered loci for agreeableness, totaling over 200 loci across the Big Five traits. The study also found genetic correlations between traits and mental health conditions, such as neuroticism’s link to depression and anxiety.

The study challenges the notion that loneliness directly leads to disease, revealing that factors like baseline health and socioeconomic status better explain observed associations. This highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of loneliness in clinical settings.

Image Credits: Getty Images

https://bit.ly/3B6iRVx

https://bit.ly/4egEEYI

Image Credits: Getty Images _ precisionmedicineonline.com

Page. 26

Advertisement

2024 Lamborghini Huracan STJ The final Lamborghini Huracan has arrived as a track-focused limited edition STJ. Only 10 units will ever be made with each fitted with unique design and aerodynamic modifications as per the customers wish. The mechanical package is the same as the potent Huracan STO which equates to 631 hp and 417 lb-ft from the naturally aspirated V10.

Credits: Wsupercars

Page. 27

Myth or real

Page. 28

The Optimal Time to Masturbate for Health Benefits, According to a Sexologist

WELLNESS Inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment make prostate cancer cells resistant to treatment

There’s no specific time of day that’s best for masturbation; it depends on what suits you. Dr. Jennifer Gunsaullus, PhD, notes that some people prefer morning sessions for energy and confidence, while others use it to unwind at night. The important aspect is to choose a time when you can relax and enjoy the experience fully. https://bit.ly/4e7tZA2 Images Credits: Getty Images _ Eva Katalin

Images Credits: Freepik

A University of Eastern Finland study found that inflammation-promoting M1 macrophages can turn prostate cancer cells into stem-like cells, making them treatment-resistant. This was published in OncoImmunology. The study focused on macrophages in the tumor microenvironment, revealing that M1 macrophages increase stem cell markers like NANOG, KLF4, SOX2, and CD44 in cancer cells, reducing their response to androgen therapies. The findings suggest that an inflammatory environment drives this transformation, offering insights into potential new treatments for prostate cancer.

TWIS 07-14 SEP 24

Tooth Sensitivity During and After Pregnancy: 9 Key Dentist Tips Pregnancy can lead to tooth sensitivity due to hormonal changes, which increase gum sensitivity and can exacerbate conditions like gum disease. Morning sickness might also contribute by making oral hygiene difficult and exposing dentine through vomiting. To manage this, avoid brushing immediately after vomiting and consider switching to a manual toothbrush or a soft-bristled brush. Regular dental check-ups and maintaining good oral hygiene are essential during pregnancy.

Wellness Program Offers Series on Kindness In our tech-driven world, collaboration, cohesion, and validation are often overlooked, despite evidence showing that positive interactions boost productivity and overall performance. Case Western Reserve University faculty and staff are invited to join the Wellness Program, led by MJ Shaar, to explore the transformative power of kindness from October 1 to November 19 via Zoom. Participants will learn how kindness enhances physical and mental health, offers competitive advantages at work, and can be integrated into daily life.

Images Credits: thedaily.case.edu

https://bit.ly/3TCHvmX

https://bit.ly/4d5jNXe

https://bit.ly/3TFkBv9

Images Credits: fizkes_Getty images

Page. 29

Advertisement

Puremel, catering

T

he best rustic restauration services in Angola. The company strives to provide the highest quality of 100% homemade natural and nutritious food you can find in parties, corporate events, special events, and cerimonies in Luanda and 17 provinces within Angola. Take your time to visit our social media page on Instagram (puremel_buffet rustico). To order our services you can contact us on WhatsApp: +244939301922 (services available only in Angola). Quality, Rigor and Excellence. https://www. instagram. com/puremel_ buffet/

Dra Luisa Kathia de Lemos Lucas Co-Founder & CEO of Puremel

NUTRITION

Images Credits: Arla Foods Ingredients

“Healthy Indulgence Boosts Dairy and Sweets, Protein Stays Key” Indulgence claims are growing, particularly among younger, active consumers who seek both health and rich flavors. Products like creamy dairy and low-sugar chocolates are popular, with indulgent foods boasting health benefits growing 14% annually. Generation Z leads the way, valuing both health and indulgent textures. Dairy and alt-dairy concepts are combining decadence with functional benefits, such as postbiotics and plant-based proteins. Sugar-conscious consumerism is also rising, with brands using Stevia and other innovations to meet the demand for reduced-sugar, indulgent products, especially in Europe. https://bit.ly/4e5VvxG

Top Foods for Boosting Magnesium

Is the Paleo Diet Good for Your Heart?

Magnesium is essential for various bodily functions, but many people fall short of the daily recommended intake. Studies reveal that 40% of U.S. adults meet magnesium requirements, while 45% are deficient, largely due to diets high in processed foods and low in magnesium-rich options.

The paleo diet’s effect on heart health is inconclusive. Some studies suggest potential benefits, especially from avoiding ultra-processed foods, but others indicate risks, like higher levels of TMAO, a marker linked to heart disease.Overall, the paleo diet’s elimination of beneficial foods such as whole grains and legumes raises concerns. The American Heart Association advises other diets, like the Mediterranean or DASH diets, as better options for heart health. https://bit.ly/3ZuPk1G

Fortunately, magnesium is abundant in foods like vegetables, fruits, seeds, beans, grains, nuts, and soy products. Including spinach, avocados, hemp seeds, and quinoa in your diet can help boost magnesium levels and support overall health. https://bit.ly/4e7o5yU Image Credits: Candice Bell _ Getty

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Is Eating the Same Food Daily Harmful? Eating the same foods daily can simplify meal decisions and reduce stress, as seen with TikTok users like Bishoi Kella and Aubree Malick. However, while this routine can aid weight management and convenience, it might not support optimal gut health or prevent nutrient deficiencies. Mental health concerns might also arise, with repeated meal choices sometimes indicating disordered eating.

Image Credits: Tom Cooper - Getty Images

https://bit.ly/3MSWgyo

Images Credits: pexels-angele-j

Page. 31 Page. 10 9

FITNESS

SPlan Multi Station Home Gym Machine

TWIS 01-07 SEP 24

The SPlan Hot Sale Wholesale Multi Station Gym Machine is designed for home use, offering multiple workout stations in one compact unit. Key features include multi-functionality for strength training, muscle building, and cardio exercises, smart integration with AI features, and a durable, space-saving design. https://bit.ly/3TxVXfW

Fitness Trends: The Problem Images Credits: amazon.com Image Credits: amazon.com

Yes4All Twister Arm Exercise The twister bar features a triangle structure with reinforced rivets, helping build upper body strength. Its hydraulic cylinder provides stable resistance without weakening, while the adjustable knot allows for 10 resistance levels, ranging from 22 to 440 pounds. Ergonomic PU handles offer a nonslip grip and increased durability. A buckle locks the handles for convenient storage, making it easy to carry the power twister for workouts anywhere.

https://amzn.to/3XB72hk

Body Boss The BodyBoss 2.0 is a portable gym designed to replace thousands of dollars’ worth of gym equipment. It allows users to work out anywhere, offering upper body, lower body, and cardio workouts all with a single product. Its compact design raised over $1 million on Kickstarter and Indiegogo. With the Fold Up Platform and resistance bands, users can perform over 300 exercises. Adjust the difficulty by changing band lengths or adding more resistance. BodyBoss 2.0 brings the versatility of a gym anywhere, making fitness more convenient and accessible. https://amzn.to/3MSq3ao

Our society is flooded with fitness trends, from Ozempic to intermittent fasting, affecting all generations. While it’s important to prioritize health, many jump on these trends without proper understanding. During the pandemic, Chloe Ting’s workout videos became popular but left many with unhealthy attitudes toward fitness. Today, the Ozempic craze dominates. Originally for Type II Diabetes, it’s now widely used for weight loss, leading to shortages and serious health risks for those in need.

Images Credits: Shutterstock

https://bit.ly/3BbEqUv

Images Credits: alibaba.com

Page. 32

WOMEN HEALTH

Undiagnosed Iron Deficiency: Causes of Exhaustion and Irritability Three years ago, Soumya Rangarajan, a front-line doctor, discovered she had anemia after experiencing fatigue and other symptoms. A blood test revealed iron deficiency, a condition often overlooked, especially in women of reproductive age. Despite its prevalence, many physicians don’t routinely screen for it, leaving many undiagnosed. https://bit.ly/4edlnYM

Image Credits: Getty Images

Most Brits Unaware of Menopause’s Impact on Oral Health Menopause impacts oral health, leading to issues like gum disease, tooth loss, and dry mouth due to decreased estrogen levels. Most people are unaware of this link, which leaves many women unprepared for these changes. Estrogen plays a vital role in maintaining oral health, and its decline during menopause makes women more susceptible to these problems.

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Image Credits: thenewsmill.com_ANI Photo

Image Credits: Kristen Foreman

Ovia Health Expands Postpartum Care Offerings

Bloating and Exhaustion Lead to 2 Cancer Diagnoses

Maintaining good oral hygiene and visiting the dentist regularly can help manage these issues. Dentists can provide advice and treatments for dry mouth, while lifestyle changes such as reducing alcohol and smoking can further improve oral health during menopause.

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends postpartum care be continuous rather than a single visit. Many women, however, miss appointments due to access barriers. Ovia’s Postpartum Experience, launching in October 2024, offers tools to support postpartum recovery, symptom tracking, and mental health.

https://bit.ly/3B9s2V6

https://bit.ly/47y5Gc7

At 33, Kristen Foreman’s fatigue, bloating, and spotting led her to seek medical advice. After discovering a mass, initially thought to be a cyst, she was diagnosed with both ovarian and endometrial cancer. The treatment included a hysterectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation, which resulted in early menopause. Foreman, now cancer-free, shares her story to raise awareness about gynecological cancers. https://on.today.com/3MRtJJw Image Credits: ktsdesign_Science Photo

Page. 8 Page. 33

Advertisement

SERRA DA LEBA HUILA-NAMIBE- ANGOLA Come Visit Angola!

Page. 34

Erectile Dysfunction: An Overview

MEN HEALTH

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects around 30 million men in the U.S., with causes ranging from health issues like diabetes and kidney disease to psychological factors like stress and anxiety. Although more common with age, ED can affect men of all ages. Fortunately, ED is treatable. Options include medications, implants, and vacuum devices. https://bit.ly/3ZrYyfe Imagine Credits: scitechdaily.com

Testicular cancer Images Credits: Getty Images

New Research Challenges How Much Sleep Do You Amyloid Plaque Theory in Need for Muscle Growth? Alzheimer’s New Alzheimer’s drugs may slow cognitive decline by raising Aβ42 protein levels, according to a study led by Dr. Alberto Espay at the University of Cincinnati. While these drugs were designed to clear amyloid plaques, Espay’s team found that increasing Aβ42 levels is linked to cognitive improvements, not just plaque reduction. Espay cautions that removing amyloid could be harmful, as it may shrink the brain. He advocates for treatments that focus on boosting Aβ42 directly, suggesting that its loss, not plaque buildup, drives Alzheimer’s.

New research reveals that working out on less sleep may still result in muscle growth comparable to getting a full night’s rest. A study in *Sleep Science* found that reducing sleep by 1-2 hours did not affect muscle strength or body composition in men who followed a resistance training program. Despite the study’s limitations, researcher Brad Schoenfeld PhD suggests that the human body can adapt to slightly less sleep, though individual sleep needs may vary. Overall, he advises considering personal lifestyle and sleep quality for optimal muscle development.

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 35. It cannot be prevented but has a very high cure rate, especially when detected early. Most cases begin in germ cells, and the two main types are seminomas and non-seminomas, with non-seminomas growing more quickly. Early detection is key, with a 99% survival rate for those diagnosed early. Monthly self-exams, checking for lumps, hardness, or swelling, are essential. Common symptoms include testicular lumps, scrotal heaviness, discomfort, dull abdominal pain, and breast tenderness.

Image Credits: menshealthnetwork.org

https://bit.ly/4ew1jR6

https://bit.ly/3ZrYyfe

https://bit.ly/47CgAh2

Credits: Freepik

Page. 35

GERONTOLOGY & Common Drug Reverses Aging LIFE EXTENSION in Monkeys, Offering Longevity Breakthrough

Images Credits: Productions _ Getty

“Study Suggests This Micronutrient May Hold the Key to Longevity” Selenium is a micronutrient with antioxidant properties that protect cells and support immune function. It’s linked to heart health and longevity, but more research is needed to confirm anti-aging benefits. Most U.S. residents get enough selenium through diet, and excessive intake can be harmful. The daily recommended selenium intake is 55 mcg for adults. Foods like Brazil nuts, seafood, and grains are good sources. While deficiency is rare in the U.S., those in areas with selenium-poor soil might need supplements. Overconsumption can cause toxicity, so balance is key.

https://bit.ly/4erqX9o

Metformin, a common diabetes drug, has shown significant anti-aging effects in monkeys, potentially paving the way for human longevity breakthroughs. Researchers found it slowed brain aging, enhanced cognition, and rejuvenated organs, reducing biological age markers by six years. The study used macaques, which are physiologically similar to humans. These findings suggest metformin’s aging benefits may be independent of its blood sugar effects, acting on neurons and stress-related genes. With diseases like Alzheimer’s on the rise, this discovery offers hope for preventing age-related conditions, although further research is needed to confirm long-term effects. https://bit.ly/3XAwzHK Images Credits: Corbis via Getty Images

Could IL-11 Inhibition Extend Human Life? Early Results Show Promise

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Aging is now understood as a biological program, regulated by genes, rather than just the accumulation of damage. Studies on mammals suggest that heart health is crucial to increasing lifespan. With new tools like multi-omics, research has explored ways to extend longevity in animals, with potential applications in humans, including senolytics and caloric restriction. https://bit.ly/3zhSkUG

Data on Extreme Aging Is Flawed, Says Longevity Expert Saul Justin Newman, a UCL research fellow, critiques claims about longevity, revealing that most people over 105 lack proper documentation, particularly birth certificates. His work, presented at the Ig Nobel Prize ceremony, highlights how areas like Okinawa and Sardinia—deemed blue zones—often feature inaccurate statistics, leading to misconceptions about aging.

Images Credits: BSIP_Universal Images Group via Getty Images

https://bit.ly/47wksjv

Images Credits: securities.io

Page. 36

PSYCHOLOGY

Images Credits: 10000hours_Getty Images

How Men Can Build Stronger Friendships: A Therapist’s Advice Despite evolving gender norms, traits like nurturing and compassion are still often linked to women, with nearly half of women sharing their feelings with friends compared to less than a third of men. Research highlights that women benefit more from close friendships, which reduce stress and improve mental health, partly due to higher oxytocin levels.

Recreational Cannabis Laws Linked to Increased Intimate Partner Violence Recreational cannabis legalization is linked to a 20% increase in intimate partner violence (IPV) incidents, as found in a study by Michele Baggio and colleagues. Analyzing data from 2006 to 2016, the research showed that states with legalized cannabis experienced a significant rise in IPV, attributed to worsened mental health and increased binge drinking. The study, using data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), revealed that the IPV increase was most pronounced among White offenders and victims. The research underscores the need for preventive measures to address the unintended consequences of cannabis legalization on IPV rates. https://bit.ly/3zwq8x9 Images Credits: psypost.org_Adobe

Research: How Anxiety Affects Men’s and Women’s Leadership

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Our research challenges the stereotype that women are too emotional to lead effectively. During the early Covid-19 pandemic, women leaders, despite experiencing higher anxiety, engaged in more supportive behaviors and less abusive supervision compared to men. This suggests that women may manage their emotions better in leadership roles, focusing on others’ needs even in uncertain times. https://bit.ly/4e7aRSI

Exploring the Intersection of Psychology and Investing with Denise Schae: Insights from Market Overtime

Denise Schae, author of *Market Mind Games*, argues that emotion is crucial for decision-making in investing, contrary to traditional advice that suggests removing emotion. Her work with Rethink Group focuses on helping clients understand and manage their emotional responses to improve decision-making.

Men face a “friendship recession,” with a significant drop in close relationships post-pandemic. Strategies such as bonding over common interests and modeling openness can enhance male friendships. Effective communication is key to fostering strong relationships, and this skill is universally accessible.

Image Credits: Schwab Network

https://bit.ly/3Xu4GRp

https://bit.ly/3ZOGHPZ

Image Credits: master1305_ Getty Images

Page. 37 Page. 10 9

Page. 38

COMING UP NEXT

ALMANAC & ANIVERSARY

2025 TICKETS

September 12 - Events: - 1962: President John F. Kennedy delivered his “We choose to go to the Moon” speech, committing the U.S. to landing on the Moon by the end of the decade. - Scientist Birthdays: - 1897: Irène Joliot-Curie, Nobel laureate for discovering artificial radioactivity. - Scientific Discoveries: September 13 - Scientist Birthdays: - 1851: Walter Reed, proved yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes. - Scientific Discoveries: - 1922: Record high temperature of 136°F (57.8°C) in El Azizia, Libya (disqualified in 2012). September 14 - Events: - 1959: Soviet Union’s Luna 2 became the first human-made object to reach the Moon. - Scientist Birthdays: - 1769: Alexander von Humboldt, founder of modern physical geography and meteorology. - Scientific Discoveries: September 15 - Events: - 1830: Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened, the first steam-powered intercity line. - **Scientific Discoveries**: - 1978: Soviet spacecraft transmitted the first images of Venus’ surface. September 16 - Events: - 1987: Montreal Protocol signed, protecting the ozone layer by reducing ozone-depleting substances. - Scientist Birthdays: - 1853: Albrecht Kossel, Nobel Prize winner for research on nucleic acids. - Scientific Discoveries: September 17 - Events: - 1976: NASA unveiled the first space shuttle, Enterprise. - Scientist Birthdays: - 1826: Bernhard Riemann, mathematician with contributions to relativity theory. - Scientific Discoveries: September 18 - Events: - 1977: Voyager 1 captured the first photo of Earth and Moon together. - Scientist Birthdays: - 1907: Edwin McMillan, Nobel laureate for discovering the element neptunium. - Scientific Discoveries: - 2014: NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft entered Mars’ orbit to study its atmosphere.

Advertisement

TotalEnergy

Credits: Wsupercars

Page. 40 Page. 40

Advertisement

Book now

Page. 41

Terracotta Warriors Excavation Yields Insightful Results

ARCHEOLOGY

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

The archaeologists found the second tomb’s occupant may be Joachim de Bellay, based on modern analysis methods. Evidence such as a deformed iliac bone from horse-riding, saw marks on the skull, and a broken sternum suggest an autopsy, matching de Bellay’s known medical history. https://bit.ly/4ewh2Q9

History & Mystery of Dipadih’s Ancient Temples

Image Credits: AP_Fernando Crispim Image Credits: arkeonews.net

13th-Century Temple Guardian Found at Angkor Wat Archaeologists recently discovered a 700-year-old dvarapala statue while clearing rubble at the Banteay Prei Temple in Angkor Wat Archaeological Park. Despite damage, the statue remains nearly complete and is broken into six pieces, with part of its stick missing.

Laser Reveals Ancient ‘Lost Cities’ in Amazon Archaeologists using lidar have uncovered a network of ancient cities in Ecuador’s Upano Valley, revealing over 6,000 earthen platforms and complex urban layouts. This discovery, dating from 500 BCE to 600 CE, rivals the scale of Mayan sites and challenges previous beliefs about Amazonian civilizations.

The statue, in the Bayon style, will be preserved at the Preah Norodom Sihanouk-Angkor Museum. This find adds to the rich archaeological discoveries at Angkor Wat, a UNESCO World Heritage site that attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists annually.

The findings suggest a sophisticated pre-Columbian society, with five large and ten smaller settlements across 116 square miles. Researchers believe this discovery is just the beginning of uncovering the region’s rich cultural history.

https://bit.ly/4d6Ufch

https://bit.ly/47x28GU

Dipadih in Chhattisgarh, a site from the 7th to 10th centuries AD, is notable for its ancient temple ruins and sculptures, largely untouched due to its remote location and limited tourism. The site features impressive finds like the Samat Sarna, Urav Tola, and Borja Tila temples, with artifacts dedicated to deities such as Shiva and Vishnu. The craftsmanship at Dipadih is exceptional, with intricate stone carvings depicting deities and daily life.

Image Credits: Chhattisgarh Tourism

https://bit.ly/3XQhdAi

Imges Credits: Shutterstock.com _ timesofmalta.comcn

Page. 42

SPACE EXPLORAStephen Hawking Was Wrong— TION & COSMOL- Extremal Black Holes Are Real OGY

Mathematicians Christoph Kehle and Ryan Unger have disproved Stephen Hawking’s 1973 claim that extremal black holes cannot exist. Their proof shows that no known physical laws prevent the formation of these unique black holes, which could provide new insights into the universe’s structure.

Image Credits: science.nasa.gov

Though extremal black holes are theoretically possible, they have yet to be observed. Future research will investigate the extremal threshold for spin, offering potential new discoveries about these extreme cosmic entities.

Could Rotating Black Holes Power the Future? We https://bit.ly/4eoWatV Tested the Physics Image Credits: Kristina Armitage_Quanta Magazine Our recent study in Nature Communications validates the Zel’dovich effect, showing that rotating objects like black holes could theoretically generate energy. This effect, first proposed by Yakov Zel’dovich, amplifies waves interacting with spinning cylinders, and has now been demonstrated in both sound and electromagnetic waves. Interestingly, the amplification observed is similar to how wind turbines generate energy. This link could optimize future experiments and energy technologies, and may offer new insights into black hole energy applications and quantum physics. https://bit.ly/4eLw7NV

NASA is creating a lunar time standard for space exploration

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

NASA is developing the Coordinated Lunar Time (LTC) by 2026, following a White House directive. This lunar time standard is essential for space exploration and will also aid in setting time standards for Mars and other celestial bodies. A lunar time standard addresses time differences caused by the Moon’s weaker gravity, which can affect mission calculations. NASA’s SCaN program will create the LTC using atomic clocks, similar to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on Earth. This standard will ensure accurate timekeeping for future space missions. https://bit.ly/3XDYKXn

Exploring Habitable Planets: New Missions on the Sun’s Impact The University of Leicester’s new missions will explore how stellar activity affects planets and Earth’s magnetosphere, focusing on EUV spectroscopy and solar wind. Funded by the UK Space Agency, these missions will develop satellites to study solar impacts on planetary atmospheres and space weather. Image credits: SciTechDaily.com

https://bit.ly/3B9F0Cp

Image credits: Freepik

Page. 43 Page. 10 9

Algorithm Brings Robots Closer to ‘Acting on Intuition

ENGINEERING, ROBOTS, IT Image Credits: Tang et al

Magnetically Powered Soft Robot Achieves High-Speed Jumps Image Credits: scitechdaily.com

Scientists Find Greener, More Efficient Way to Convert CO2 into Fuel Scientists have developed a more efficient method for converting CO2 into ethanol by using copper nanocubes coated with zinc oxide. This technique improves both the stability and efficiency of the reduction process, making ethanol production more sustainable and cost-effective. The new approach, involving pulsed CO2 reduction with a zinc oxide shell, enhances ethanol yield and minimizes by-products. This method also prevents catalyst degradation by ensuring that the zinc oxide, rather than copper, undergoes oxidation. This advancement represents a major step forward in sustainable energy solutions and green fuel production. https://bit.ly/4e6IOCN

Researchers at Zhejiang University have created an advanced magnetically driven soft robot capable of high-speed, high-height jumps. This new model significantly outperforms previous robots in both height and speed, achieving jumps over 108 body heights with velocities greater than 2 meters per second. The robot, detailed in Science Robotics, uses elastic materials and a magnetic system to achieve rapid response times and versatile locomotion, including jumping and hopping. Tested in practical scenarios, it demonstrated impressive capabilities for real-world applications, such as pipeline cleaning.

https://bit.ly/3XLB4k2

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Researchers from the University of Hertfordshire have created an algorithm that enables robots to make intuitive decisions by setting their own goals. This new approach integrates various goal-setting methods with physics principles, inspired by chaos theory, and allows robots to function more autonomously. Published in PRX Life, the study introduces AI formulas for robots to decide actions without direct instructions, simulating human-like intrinsic motivation. https://bit.ly/4e2O22j

Teaching Robots to Use Color for Moving Objects Researchers at Michigan State University are developing a new optical system to help robots use color for better interaction with soft and fragile objects. This system, integrating photoelastic gel and advanced algorithms, aims to enhance robots’ ability to manipulate delicate items, benefiting medical and assistive applications.Additionally, Lin’s work on polymeric thermal switches, in collaboration with MIT, improves temperature control in electronics and spacecraft. Image Credits: Jiabin Liu

https://bit.ly/3Ty2nM0

Image credits: University of Hertford-

Page. 44

CURIOSITY The Nature of Time: The Ultimate Puzzle That Ticks Us All Welcome back to the “Curiosity” corner, where we dive into the big, mind-bending questions that make you rethink everything while sipping your morning coffee. Today’s subject is as elusive as it is essential: time. What is it? Why does it seem to fly by during vacations but crawl at a Monday morning meeting? Let’s unravel some of the most intriguing (and a little surprising) aspects of the nature of time. What Is Time, Really? Time, as you might suspect, is not just the ticking of your clock. In fact, defining time is one of the hardest questions in both physics and philosophy. Is it a fundamental aspect of the universe, a mere human construct, or something even stranger? Here’s what we know so far: Time is typically considered the “fourth dimension” in physics, alongside the three dimensions of space. In this sense, we don’t just live in a three-dimensional world; we exist in a spacetime continuum, where time plays just as important a role as space. Einstein’s Revolution: Time is Relative Before Albert Einstein came along,

we thought time was this constant, unchanging background—always moving forward at the same rate for everyone. Einstein flipped that on its head with his Theory of Relativity. He showed that time isn’t fixed—it changes depending on how fast you’re moving and how close you are to massive objects like planets or black holes. Time Dilation: Imagine two twins: one stays on Earth, while the other zips off into space at nearly the speed of light. When the spacefaring twin returns, they’ll be younger than their Earth-bound sibling. This isn’t sci-fi—it’s a real phenomenon called time dilation. The faster you go, the slower time moves for you relative to someone standing still. Gravity Warps Time: The stronger the gravitational field, the slower time moves. In other words, time passes more slowly for someone near a black hole than for someone far away. If you ever find yourself near a black hole (not recommended), you could theoretically experience just a few hours while centuries pass on Earth. Now, that’s what I call a long nap! The Arrow of Time: Why Does Time Only Move Forward? One of the biggest mysteries about time is why it seems to flow in one direction—forward. This is known as

the arrow of time, and it’s deeply connected to entropy, the concept that disorder in the universe always increases. In simple terms, things naturally go from organized to chaotic (your desk, your room, the universe itself). This increase in entropy is what gives time its directional flow, ensuring that eggs scramble but never unscramble, and milk only spills, never un-spills. But here’s the weird part: according to the laws of physics, most equations work just as well backward as forward. So, theoretically, nothing should prevent time from moving in reverse. Yet, it never does. Why? This remains one of the biggest head-scratchers in physics. Is Time Travel Possible? Ah, time travel—the ultimate sci-fi fantasy. Thanks to Einstein’s relativity, we know that traveling into the future is theoretically possible (as in the twin paradox we mentioned). But traveling to the past? That’s where things get sticky. Most physicists believe that backward time travel would lead to all kinds of paradoxes. For instance, what happens if you go back in time and stop your grandparents from meeting? Do you erase yourself from existence? And if you’re erased, how could you have gone back in time in the first place? While these paradoxes make backward time travel seem impossible,

scientists haven’t ruled it out completely. Theoretical constructs like wormholes—hypothetical tunnels connecting distant points in spacetime—might offer a way, though we haven’t figured out how to make one yet. The Block Universe Theory: Is Time an Illusion? Here’s a mind-blower: some physicists think that time is an illusion. According to the Block Universe Theory, past, present, and future all exist simultaneously, and time is more like a landscape than a river flowing in one direction. In this view, every moment—your birth, next year’s summer vacation, even the end of the universe—already exists “out there” in spacetime. So, the future isn’t something that “happens”—it already is. Time, in this sense, may be something our brains impose on reality to make sense of it. Why Does Time Feel Different to Us? Okay, so Einstein told us time is relative in space, but why does it feel so relative here on Earth too? Why do fun days feel like they fly by, while waiting in line at the DMV stretches into eternity? Turns out, our perception of time is deeply tied to our brain’s processing of information. When we’re

doing something new or exciting, our brains are processing a lot, which makes time seem to zip by. On the other hand, boredom slows down our perception of time, as our brains take in less stimulation. Final Thoughts: Time to Stay Curious The nature of time is a paradox, a mystery, and a wonder all wrapped into one. Whether it’s slowing down, speeding up, or just ticking away, time shapes our reality—and maybe even beyond. Einstein taught us that time is flexible, while quantum physics might tell us that it’s all one big cosmic trick. But one thing’s for sure: no matter how we slice it, time gives us endless reasons to stay curious. So, while we may not have all the answers yet (or ever), it’s worth spending some time (pun intended) thinking about how this elusive force shapes our lives—and our universe. And who knows? Maybe in the future (or the past?), we’ll finally unlock its ultimate secrets!

Advertisement

Shanghai Astronomy Museum

Visit Page. 46

The Silent Struggles of Kids with Overcontrolling Parents

PARENTING & RELATIONSHIPS

Image Credits: Shutterstock

Image Credits: arlingtonmagazine.com_

How ‘Intensive’ Parenting Adobe Stock Leads to Loneliness Divorcing with Children: Navigating Parental SeFocus on the Family celebrated paration the 1,000th episode of Adventures in Odyssey, highlighting a beloved setting where children receive guidance in a safe, imaginative space. In contrast, today’s children experience less unsupervised freedom due to rigorous “helicopter” parenting, negatively impacting their social skills and happiness.

This shift has also isolated parents, with mothers spending significantly less time with friends over the years. The rise of social media fosters fear of judgment, discouraging community building. As a result, many parents face unprecedented isolation and pressure, contributing to a reluctance to raise children in today’s environment.

https://bit.ly/3zo0Tgy

While waiting for a parent-teacher conference, I saw my second-grader’s “About Me” poster that read, “My parents are divorced. That is sad for me.” My ex and I had separated when the kids were young and had always spent holidays together, including their father’s wedding. Despite our efforts, the impact of divorce on our children became evident as my oldest child, Grace, felt isolated at school due to our family situation. Lisa Herrick, a clinical psychologist, notes that while divorce is challenging for children, it doesn’t have to leave lasting scars if managed properly.

https://bit.ly/4epxx08

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Overcontrolling parenting, or authoritarian parenting, imposes strict rules and stifles emotional freedom, impacting children’s self-esteem and decision-making. B, a recent graduate, shared how this parenting style suppressed his emotions and led to self-doubt and isolation. Psychologist Alvina Zahir Khattak emphasized the importance of allowing children emotional expression and decision-making to prevent mental health issues. https://bit.ly/3BicEFO

Psychologist Explains ‘Eggshell Parenting’ and Its Impact on Kids Eggshell parenting, coined by Dr. Kim Sage, involves unpredictable emotional outbursts that make children feel hypervigilant and unsafe. This style, marked by behaviors like yelling and blame, stifles children’s development and damages future relationships. Dr. Sage explains that such parenting creates a chronic state of stress, leading to anxiety and isolation. Image Credits: Pexels _ karolina grabowska

https://bit.ly/3BaqhH8

Image credits: Pexels

Page. 47

INVESTIMENT & FINANCE

Art. 88 This article is repeated, the same as art. 86 CNA

Image Credits: Spencer Platt _ Getty Images News _ Getty Images

September Stock Drops: Why Investors Shouldn’t Worry September is traditionally tough for stock investors, with U.S. large-cap stocks averaging a 0.9% loss since 1926. The S&P 500 has lost 1.7% in September since 2000, the worst monthly performance by a significant margin. Despite this, experts advise long-term investors to stay invested, as timing the market is unreliable. The historical weakness in September is partly due to old banking practices, but modern investor psychology and tax-related stock sales also play a role. Overall, historical trends and investor behavior contribute to the month’s volatility.

https://cnb.cx/4gtgZX1

Investors Lose $9.8 Billion on Trump’s Failing Stock

TWIS 06-13 APR 24

Trump Media & Technology (DJT) shares have fallen 75% since March 27, costing investors $9.8 billion, with significant losses accelerating after Kamala Harris entered the race. The stock’s decline has been further fueled by recent debates, which have shifted betting odds in Harris’s favor. Trump himself has lost $5.7 billion from the stock’s peak, while major investors like Vanguard and BlackRock have also faced substantial losses. https://bit.ly/3XvaNFm

6 Reasons to Invest in Eli Lilly

https://yhoo.it/3MVT7NW

Image Credits: finance.yahoo.com

Eli Lilly (LLY) continues to thrive, having become the largest healthcare company by market cap with a valuation approaching $1 trillion. Despite its recent success, it remains a solid investment due to factors like the impressive growth of tirzepatide, strong financial results, and a robust pipeline of both late-stage and early-stage products. The company’s dividend program is attractive, with a significant increase in payouts over the past five years. Image Credits: fool.com

https://bit.ly/3MQncyA

Image credits: Amy Davis_Balti- Page. 48 more Sun_Tribune News Service via Getty Images

RETIREMENT

IRS Ruling Grants Employers More Flexibility in Plan Design

Nearly 50% of US households will outlive their savings in retirement—this one move could preserve your nest egg

TWIS 09-16 JUN 24

Around 45% of Americans risk depleting their retirement savings, but contributing to a workplace retirement plan can lower this risk significantly. Those who contribute to a 401(k) or 403(b) for 20 years have a much lower risk of running out of money. https://yhoo.it/3zszxGa

5 Most Reliable European Cars for Retirees This Winter

Image credits: Tingshu Wang_Reuters

China is increasing its retirement age due to an aging workforce and declining population China will raise its retirement age starting next year to address its aging workforce and shrinking population. The new policy, approved by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, will gradually increase the retirement age to 63 for men and 55 or 58 for women over 15 years. With nearly 300 million people over 60 and a declining population, the policy aims to alleviate pressure on the pension system. Implementation will begin in January, with changes based on birthdates.

https://to.pbs.org/4dbN8Q6

Image credits: plansponsor.com

The IRS has approved a ruling allowing an anonymous employer to let employees choose the allocation of nonelective contributions to their accounts, including options like 401(k) plans or student loans. This flexibility, modeled by Willis Towers Watson, requires other employers to seek their own approval.

Retirees need reliable cars, especially European ones, due to the scarcity of qualified mechanics. According to Ghost Autosport, top brands like BMW, Audi, and Mercedes-Benz are known for their reliability. For winter 2024, consider these reliable European models: the Volkswagen Golf, Audi A8, Volvo 240, Mercedes-Benz E-Class, and Mini Cooper. Each offers strong safety ratings and durability, with prices varying from $3,995 to $49,991.

The ruling includes provisions for amending the educational assistance program to cover student loan payments through 2025. However, implementing such designs involves careful tracking to avoid taxable issues and ensure compliance with plan limits.

Image Credits: Volkswagen

https://bit.ly/3Xyt7xb

https://yhoo.it/4e6f1ub

Image credits: pexels-pixabay

Page. 49

Advertisement

Empowering Minds with Cutting-Edge Knowledge: Bridging Science and Technology for a Smarter Tomorrow Click on the link below to join our Whatsapp Community! https://chat.whatsapp.com/Igruy8FOHkdBAKIyV4Svot

WWW.SCITKE.COM

Page. 50

FILMS

EMPLOYMENT & CONFERENCES Check: https://career.io/

total-job-search?pt=3vEDaZnBpJHmN&ga_utm_source=google&utm_medium=ppc&utm_ campaign=21392889555&utm_adgroup=&utm_custom=Career. io|US|PS|NB|TJSS&utm_content=703346436213&utm_term=job%20search&matchtype=p&device=c&location=1000003&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwl6-3BhBWEiwApN6_ksL6zxbvcXdya408Bq3LzZN8XVFFr3vbDkx7vL0Ga6uToO1VqNn7YxoC-TsQAvD_BwE https://www.civicacareers. com/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwl6-3BhBWEiwApN6_kvu-9-xjZjBHWlLZkkdpdbyhOEaQRwg7p7AtCh22ap3OiB9TJXZTHBoCkfAQAvD_BwE

An impromptu goodbye party for Professor John Oldman becomes a mysterious interrogation after the retiring scholar reveals to his colleagues he has a longer and stranger past than they can imagine.

Conferences: Nvidia GTC https://www. nvidia.com/gtc/ DeveloperWeek https:// www.developerweek.com/ PHP https://www.phpconference.co.uk/

Watch Here

Page. 51

BOOKS

In 2000, the Clay Foundation of Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced a historic competition: whoever could solve any of seven extraordinarily difficult mathematical problems, and have the solution acknowledged as correct by the experts, would receive 1 million in prize money. There was some precedent for doing this: in 1900 David Hilbert, one of the greatest mathematicians of his day, proposed twenty-three problems, now known as the Hilbert Problems, that set much of the agenda for mathematics in the twentieth century. The Millennium Problems are likely to acquire similar stature, and their solution (or lack of one) is likely to play a strong role in determining the course of mathematics in the current century. Keith Devlin, renowned expositor of mathematics, tells here what the seven problems are, how they came about, and what they mean for math and science. These problems are the brass rings held out to today’s mathematicians, glittering and just out of reach. In the hands of Keith Devlin, “the Math Guy” from NPR’s “Weekend Edition,” each Millennium Problem becomes a fascinating window onto the deepest and toughest questions in the field. For mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and everyone else with an interest in mathematics’ cutting edge, The Millennium Problems is the definitive account of a subject that will have a very long shelf life. Buy now

Recommendations: The Coming of Space Race https://www.realclearenergy.org/articles/2024/09/17/the_coming_nuclear_space_race_1059048.html Recommended Read: Scientists Engineer Molecule-Scale Memory States, Surpassing

TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

Get in touch and subscribe! https://scitke.com https://www.instagram.com/sci_tke/ https://www.linkedin.com/company/ scitke-llc?trk=organization_guest_ main-feed-card_feed-actor-name

Page. 52

TWIS SCIENCE THIS WEEK IN

Technical DATA SHEET Property: SCITKE LLC Telephone: +244 957906038

General Inquery: info@scitke.com Business Inquery: business@scitke.com Chief Editor: Marcílio M. dos Santos

Scitke LLC, 112 Capitol Trail, Suite A303, Newcastle, US DE 19711

Chef Graphic Designer: Salomão André

Writing Contributors:

Assistant Designers: Leandro Conceição, Valeriano Ndeyi

Eduardo Paulo, Valeriano Ndeyi, Cumbo Sumbo, Leandro Conceição, Ana Kiesse, Ana Manuel, Evelina Jeremias, Ngoma Manuel

Content Manager: Jorge Paka

Periodicity: Weekly