Issuu

The Art of Ocean Conservation VOLUME 10, ISSUE 35 WINTER 2020 $6.95

The Politics of Shark Fins Feds and Florida Battle to End Fin Sales

North Carolina’s Magic Crystals An Angler's Coastal Paradise

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Tribute to Theophile A Cajun Legend's Legacy

The Lionfish Compendium How the Invader Has Spawned an Entire Industry

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CONTENTS

WINTER 2020

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EMMA THE TIGER Lassie was a celebrity dog, Nemo is a famous animated clownfish, and now there’s Emma, a real life, 14-foot tiger shark that is

achieving stardom.

died while returning from a fishing expedition. He built a fishing community that mourns his loss. BY FRED GARTH

It’s new, it’s lively, and it’s available at a store near you and on the the new line of clothing in its natural element. BY GHM STAFF

A CAJUN LEGEND Legendary Louisiana angler Theophile Bourgeois lived to fish and

GUY HARVEY APPAREL World Wide Web. Photo pro Alex Taylor went to Florida to highlight

BY GEORGE C. SCHELLENGER

EXTINCTION SOUP

MAGIC CRYSTALS OF NORTH CAROLINA Leave it to writer and fishing freak Nick Honachefsky to slay fish wherever he travels. This time, he toured the Crystal Coast of North

EXTINCTION SOUP Most of us have heard about the slaughter of sharks and their

Carolina where he found inshore and offshore treasures. BY NICK HONACHEFSKY

highly-priced fins that fuel a seemingly insatiable appetite for shark fin Soup in Asia. Shark advocate and founder of Shark Allies Stefanie Brendl tells the story with brutal honesty. BY STEFANIE BRENDL

On the Cover: Mako Dance by Dr. Guy Harvey

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LIONFISH CONUNDRUM

finding a solution.

They’ve become a household word and spawned a cottage

BY MEHGAN HEANEY-GRIER & STEVE GITTINGS

A group of concerned citizens in and around Pensacola, Florida— battle against lionfish.

WHACKIN' AND STACKIN' Lionfish expert Alex Fogg discusses the business side of lionfish tournaments.

COAST WATCH ALLIANCE the epicenter of the lionfish epidemic—have made progress in the

BY ALEXANDER Q. FOGG

BY BRAD RIFFE

CONFESSIONS OF A GARAGINEER For years, NOAA scientist Dr. Steve Gittings has been working on a lionfish trap to harvest the pests in deep depths, beyond the

ALEX LUCE

limits of scuba divers. His garage-laboratory is showing some

A teenager from California became passionate about the lionfish

interesting results.

issue and made an animated film. We discussed his concerns and

BY STEVE GITTINGS

his generation of conservationists. BY GHM STAFF

Lots of groups and individuals are working to control lionfish. Coordinating efforts and working together is the key to

fighting back.

WHO'S IN CHARGE?

THE LIONFISH COMPENDIUM industry. We look inside the wild world of lionfish and the people

LIONFISH UNIVERSITY

CONTROLLING LIONFISH WITH SOUND University of Georgia researcher Scott Noakes is experimenting

It’s not an actual campus and they don’t have a football team,

with underwater acoustics as a way to attract and trap lionfish.

but the folks at LFU are striving to educate the public about the growing threat of lionfish on the oceans.

BY SCOTT NOAKES, UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA

BY STACY FRANKS & JIM HART

DEPARTMENTS

GUY TALK

Fishing Politics

PHOTO PORTFOLIO

Shawn Heinrichs

Dr. Harvey discusses the work of the GH Ocean

Professional photographer and filmmaker Shawn Heinrichs

Foundation and future and ongoing projects for

shoots a lot of big animals...with his camera, that is. Feast your

sustainable fisheries.

eyes on his subjects.

BY GUY HARVEY, PhD

THE BITE

News, Notes & Gear News and notes about the universe of fishing and marine conservation.

LAST CAST

Hooked on Sailfish GHM Editor Fred Garth traveled to Guatemala for a sailfish conference only to realize his language skills were lacking. BY FRED GARTH

BY GHM STAFF

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GUY HARVEY MAGAZINE OFFICES: PENSACOLA, FLORIDA Fred Garth, Editor-in-Chief DAVIE, FLORIDA Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation NEW YORK, NEW YORK Merrill Squires, Partner

TODAY! Stay informed. Be entertained. Help save the ﬁsh!

1-year: $24.95 2-year: $39.95 3-year: $55.95

SHREVEPORT, LOUISIANA Scott Smith, Partner

CREDITS TO: PUBLISHER Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation Managing Editor Danny Thornton Art Director James Scott Designers Dave Ham, Betsy Holt, James Scott Circulation Director Jessica Childers Social Media Director Brent Shavnore Accounting Debbie Childers Copy Editor Kerrie Allen Contributing Editors Dr. Guy Harvey, Nick Honachefsky Contributors Stefanie Brendl, Sue Cushman, Alan Davies, Stacy Franks, Alexander Q. Fogg, Fred Garth, Tess Gilbert, Steve Gittings, Jim Hart, Mehgan Heaney-Grier, Shawn Heinrichs, Betsy Holt, Nick Honachefsky, Scott Noakes, Tomáš Nožina, Tre Packard, Courtney Platt, Brad Riffe, George C. Schellenger, Alex Taylor Editorial Advisory Board John Guidroz, Dr. Guy Harvey, Steve Roden, George C. Schellenger, Dr. Mahmood Shivji, Jane Tebbe-Shemelya

WE’RE GREEN:

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we choose LSC Communications in Lebanon Junction, KY. LSC recycles more than 50 million pounds of paper products per year which saves 10 million gallos of oil, 35,000 trees and 14 gallons of water. LSC also recycles more than 300,000 pounds of aluminum printing plates annually and no hazardous wastes are ever sent to a landfill but are recycled and reuses. Additionally. they recycle 217 tons of plastic each year and have set aside 550 of he 700 acres they own to be used for conservation and recreation.

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GUY HARVEY MAGAZINE (ISSN 2162111X) is published four times per year (quarterly) by Lost Key Publishing, LLC, 7166 Sharp Reef Road, Pensacola, Florida 32507. Periodicals postage paid at Pensacola, Florida, and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: Guy Harvey Magazine, 10408 W State Rd 84 # 104, Davie, FL 33324. No part of this magazine can be reproduced without express written permission from Lost Key Publishing. Occasionally, we may make all or part of our subscriber list available to carefully screened companies that offer products and/or services that may interest you. To subscribe to Guy Harvey Magazine, call our toll-free subscription number, 800-228-1227.

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Upcoming Articles in Guy Harvey Magazine's Next Issue: GUY HARVEY’S INNOVATIVE EDUCATION INITIATIVE SUSTAINABLY SOURCED APPAREL FISH AGGREGATING DEVICES IN COSTA RICA GREAT WHITE SHARKS OF GUADALUPE FLORIDA’S GOVERNOR DESANTIS GOES GREEN

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CONTRIBUTOR’S PROFILE DR. STEVE GITTINGS Since 1998, Dr. Steve Gittings has been chief scientist for NOAA’s National Marine Sanctuary Program, which encompasses the nation’s 12 marine sanctuaries. Prior to his move to NOAA’s head offices in Washington, D.C. he was manager of the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary offshore of the Texas coast. As a longtime and avid scuba diver, he has specialized in coral reef ecology and also has broad experience in conservation science, including ecosystem characterization and monitoring, damage assessment and recovery, and spill response. He has extensive field experience in scientific diving, ROV operations, and submersible use. Recently, Dr. Gittings has been developing traps designed to catch lionfish in waters beyond scuba depth. The traps minimize by-catch and ghost-fishing, and could create new opportunities for fishermen to help create a steady supply of lionfish to seafood and other developing markets. Gittings’ ocean-related articles and photography have appeared in numerous publications. He earned his Ph.D. in Oceanography from Texas A&M in 1988.

STEFANIE BRENDL To say that Stefanie Brendl is an advocate for sharks is like saying water is wet. In many ways, she is as much of a shark as sharks are, in that she spends a lot of her life facing off with attorneys and politicians. As the founder and executive director of Shark Allies, Brendl has been fighting to protect sharks from overfishing, finning, and general abuse during the past two decades. She has roamed the halls of state governments from Hawaii to Florida and is all too familiar with the nuances and corruption of politics. Originally from Bavaria, Germany, Brendl became a shark whisperer after she took up scuba diving, settled in Hawaii, and started Hawaii Shark Encounters, a venture that focused on blowing the minds of tourists who snorkeled with sharks from the protection of a cage. Hawaii also turned out to be her introduction to legislation, and Brendl successfully lead the charge to ban the trade of shark fins in Hawaii. That ban took effect in 2010. Along the way, she became a cinematographer and filmmaker and produced a documentary called Extinction Soup about the perils of shark finning and the victory over finning in Hawaii. In the past two years, her abundant energy and networking has been focused on Florida where, as of this printing, the sale of shark fins is still legal. House Bill 401, which bans the sale of shark fins in Florida, passed the House in December but still has to get the approval of Florida’s senate. After her Floridian efforts, Brendl plans to cross the big pond and spread her shark love in Europe where some antiquated laws need her wisdom and guidance. Before she was consumed with shark advocacy, Brendl traveled the world on a sailboat with scuba gear and paragliders for exploring high and low. Apparently, it prepared her well for politics.

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GUYHARVE Y.COM

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GUY TALK

FISHING POLITICS Back in my halcyon days growing up in Jamaica, fishing was a celebrated family

One of the first things the new governor did after he took office was demand the

activity. My parents and siblings all loved to fish and a day on the water was mostly

resignations of the board of directors of the South Florida Water Management District

about having fun, and of course, battling with mysterious sea creatures small and,

(SFWMD). This group of political appointees were embroiled in controversy, accused

hopefully, large. Back then, politics was the farthest thing from our minds. In fact,

of corruption, and they were responsible, at least in part, for not curtailing some of the

putting the words “fishing” and “politics” in the same sentence was as foreign a

worst red tides and blue green algae in Florida’s history. For this governor to step in

concept as pouring seawater into our fuel. However, these days, fishing has become

and wipe the SFWMD slate clean was nothing short of a seismic shift for the state and

such a political hot potato that all dedicated anglers are affected to some degree. On

a clear sign that his convictions are strong regarding conservation.

an individual level, we all buy fishing licenses, follow bag and size limits, and definitely

The non-profit groups that we, at Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation, interact

keep our motor oil out of the ocean! As we move up the food chain, we’re dealing

with such as the Everglades Foundation, Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, the Coastal

with Marine Protected Areas, illegal commercial fishing fleets, how to regulate highly

Conservation Associations, and others, have a new optimism that Florida is truly on

migratory species like tuna and billfish, as well as many, many more issues that come

the road to recovery. We know, they know, and I believe the governor knows, that

under the dominion of our political leaders.

tourists will stop coming to Florida if we don’t have clean water, beaches that are free

My point, very simply, is that because politics and fishing are now so inextricably

of pollution, air that is healthy to breath, and a sustainable fishery that supports the

tangled that we must support those politicians who understand fisheries and the

millions of anglers who love Florida. Of course, if tourism declines, there’s a domino

impacts—both good and bad—of recreational anglers. That’s why I was so pleased

effect upon the economy.

to have the opportunity recently to meet Florida’s new governor, Ron DeSantis.

When I flew to Tallahassee to meet with the governor, we discussed several

Even though I’m not a voter in the U.S. because I live in the Cayman Islands, the Guy

conservation topics that are vital to Florida. He listened intently to our point of

Harvey headquarters have been in South Florida for more than 40 years, so I’m deeply

view and the dialog was impressively positive. In the coming months of 2020 and

invested economically and emotionally in Florida’s politics.

years beyond, I believe you’ll hear more from his office about marine and land

I was very encouraged to learn that Governor DeSantis seems to understand the direct correlation between Florida’s economy and environment. To any logical person, the connection is obvious. However, in past decades, this obvious logic was ignored by many of our political leaders.

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conservation and the steps Florida will take to maintain, preserve, and restore its incredible natural beauty. In fact, in this edition of Guy Harvey Magazine, we explore in great detail two major marine conservation issues facing Florida and waters beyond the state: the lionfish

invasion and the overharvest of sharks, primarily for their fins. We’ve put together an expansive section on lionfish with the latest data—scientific, empirical, and otherwise—on the spiny invasive creature. A lot of great progress is being made and, as I’ve always said, it’s delicious to eat, so try it if you have the chance. We tapped Stefanie Brendl, executive director of Shark Allies, to write an incredibly comprehensive article on the state of sharks, shark fin soup, and the intense politics surrounding that issue. She’s a veteran in the battle, and we’re fortunate to have her expertise in the pages of this issue. Shawn Heinrichs, photographer extraordinaire, illustrates her article beautifully. There’s a lot more to learn and enjoy, so I’ll wrap up and let you continue to review this issue. Fishing has changed vastly since my young days romping around Jamaica and it will undoubtedly continue to evolve. It’s my hope that you will join me, the Guy Harvey Research Institute at Nova Southeastern University, and the Guy Harvey Research Institute as we navigate the stormy political waters in our ongoing effort to ensure sustainable fisheries, clean water, and outstanding fishing. On a person note, I’d like to welcome a new member to the Harvey family, our granddaughter, Harper Gillian Harvey, who was born to my son Alex and his wife Julia on December 13th, 2019. Congratulations to them!

GUY HARVEY, PhD is an internationally-acclaimed artist, fisherman, scientist, and world traveler, who devotes

Fair winds and tight lines!

much of his time and money toward ocean conservation.

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NEWS, NOTES & GEAR Guy Harvey Raises Funds for Hurricane Relief Efforts in the Bahamas Partners with Anglers for the Bahamas: Fishin’ for a Mission When Hurricane Dorian ravaged the Abacos and Grand Bahama island last summer with maximum sustained winds of 185 mph, it left thousands dead and damages that may exceed $15 billion. Immediately in the wake of the tragedy, a lot of selfless people went to work to help in any way they could. Guy Harvey quickly designed a “Bahamas Strong” T-shirt and donated 100 percent of net profits to support the recovery efforts. “I was born in the Caribbean and lived here all my life, so I am particularly

than 370 disasters, served 115 million people in need, and ensured more than 90 percent of every dollar raised goes to support on-the-ground relief. Just two days after the launch event for Anglers for the Bahamas, the donations totaled nearly $2 million and continued to pour in. Even though the hurricane occurred months ago, donations are still needed. To give directly to relief efforts, please visit www.anglersforthebahamas.org. Papa’s Pilar Rums also teamed with the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation creating “Papa’s Pilar Relief and Rebuild.” A donation of $10 for every Dark Rum Relief Bottle

heartbroken by the devastation in the Bahamas. We sympathize with our island

and $5 for every Blonde Relief Bottle, up to 15,000 bottles, was made to relief

neighbors and will help in any way we can,” Harvey said.

partners. The program was created in partnership with the Hemingway family and

To ensure their donations went to a worthy cause, Guy Harvey Enterprises teamed up with its various angling partners such as Papa’s Pilar and Anglers for

Dr. Guy Harvey, who created and donated custom artwork for the bottles. “Papa’s Pilar is inspired by Ernest Hemingway and strives to support causes

the Bahamas: Fishin’ for a Mission, the brainchild of Bass Pro Shops founder and

that carry on his legacy,” said Mike Myatt, Papa’s Pilar Chief Communities &

conservationist Johnny Morris.

Conservation Officer. “We have a deep connection to the Abaco Islands’ people

“Beyond our pledge of financial support, we feel we can play a far greater role

and culture, and through our program with the Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation, we

in supporting the Bahamas and its wonderful people by uniting anglers with an

hope to support those affected by the horrific devastation of Hurricane Dorian as

efficient and highly respected relief organization, Convoy of Hope,” Morris said.

they begin to rebuild their lives, homes, and businesses.”

Convoy of Hope, a four-star-rated charity for 16 years running, quickly plugged

In addition to the donation program, Papa’s Pilar and Guy Harvey will be

emergency responders into the front lines throughout the Bahamas. The group has

working with relief partners to develop an ongoing recovery and rebuilding

previously worked in 48 states and more than 126 countries, responded to more

program for the Abaco Islands in 2020 and beyond.

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Anglers for the Bahamas Donations

Norwegian Cruise Lines

Bass Pro Shops – $1 million: $500,000 in cash and $500,000

Line, Oceania Cruises, and Regent Seven Seas Cruises committed $2 million to

in goods.

its Hope Starts Here hurricane relief campaign in partnership with All Hands

Tyson Foods – 125,000 servings of canned chicken valued at

and Hearts. All Hands and Hearts used the funds for the emergency response

$150,000 in honor of the late Don Tyson, former Chairman of

efforts across the Bahamas, including debris cleanup and removal, and the

the Board, a world-renowned fisherman, and founder of the

rebuilding of community infrastructure such as houses or schools.

Billfish Foundation

Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings, which operates the Norwegian Cruise

The company also resumed calls to its private island, Great Stirrup Cay, just

Jack Links Beef Jerky – 5,000 bags of high-protein jerky

weeks after the storm. Great Stirrup Cay experienced minimal beach erosion

and an equivalent matching cash donation for a total gift of

and was quickly restored with sand that had been previously ordered.

$50,000

“We understand that tourism represents a significant portion of the

Textron TRACKER OFF ROAD Vehicles – $100,000

Bahamas’ annual GDP and we are actively involved in helping our neighbors

Alan Williams – $100,000

get back on their feet by returning to the islands and providing them with the

Mastercard – $200,000 to Red Cross and waived

supplies necessary to rebuild along with the needed economic support that

interchange fees through November 15 to several charitable

tourism brings,” said Frank Del Rio, president and CEO.

donations in the name of Bahamas relief, as well as provided waivers to help get local businesses back on their feet

To support the hurricane relief efforts of Hope Starts Here, please visit http://www.nclhltd.com/hurricanerelief.

Pure Fishing – $75,000 Navico Marine Electronics – $50,000 True Timber –$25,000

Guy Harvey’s art on a Norwegian cruise ship. Photo by George C. Schellenger

Engel Coolers – $25,000 in products Country music star and avid angler Luke Bryan – $10,000 Sunglass Hut – $10,000 Champion Power Equipment – $10,000 Tree House Kids, Inc. – $10,000 Feradyne Outdoors – $10,000 Springfield Striping – $10,000 PS Seasonings & Spices – $10,000 SOS – $10,000 Leica – $10,000 Champagne Metals – $10,000 Additional generous support came from other initial partners including American Fishing Tackle Company, Famous Dave’s BBQ, Barrows Excavation, Opie’s Landscaping, Foggy River Realty, Keys Painting, Tom Boyce Excavating, and Martin Dingman.

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From left to right: Alan Davies, Sue Cushman, and Gavin Knowles (recipient), Arthur Swaun (Donor) Brian Koch (International Marine)

Adopt a Fisherman Program Global Empowerment Missions (GEM), a Florida-based non-profit whose founding board members have been involved in supporting more than 200 aid relief trips and global tragedies around the world in the past decade, developed a unique program to provide boats to local Bahamian fishermen who lost their vessels and, thus, livelihoods to Hurricane Dorian. Gavin Knowles, an 8th generation Bahamian with a lifelong career in offshore fishing and tourism throughout the Bahamas, was the first recipient. Generous donors Silvia and Authur Swaun inspired GEM to launch the initiative with the donation of a 26-foot center console with twin 200 engines. The Adopt a Fisherman program continues to actively seek donations of boats, rods, reels, crab traps, lobster traps, motor oil, and anything else that will help a fisherman rebuild his business and sustain the community. For more information, visit https://www.globalempowermentmission.org/ hurricane-dorian.

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Captain Gavin Knowles

Bahamas Relief Efforts Marine Industry Bradford Marine — Its service facility in Freeport, Grand Bahama, was

distressed by the devastation they saw from the air, including the oil that had

fortunately, largely unscathed by Hurricane Dorian. The company’s first

been blown from storage tanks when their tops were ripped off by the wind,

priority was to make sure that all of its staff were safely housed and cared for,

scattering oil from the tanks over miles of marshy sand and sea grass, and Nappe

and immediately after the storm, Bradford started sending vessels back and

captured heartbreaking footage of the immediate aftermath of the storm.

forth, bringing supplies that were gathered at its Ft. Lauderdale facility, and

As a businessman, Wyre was thinking of long-term solutions—especially for

shipping them down to Freeport to its deep-water port. Bradford also provided

the east end and the Abacos that were the most damaged from the storm and

dockage for the Pacific Hope cruise ship and many privately-owned yachts with

isolated from relief efforts by limited access. He and his team created a larger

documentation that were conducting supply runs.

scheme plan—to provide desalination machines to process sea water and create

Bradford Marine held a BBQ at its Ft. Lauderdale base to gather supplies and donations on September 9 and brought over 500 people together for the effort, bringing chain saws, generators, food, and toiletries that filled a container

fresh water, eliminating the need for all the plastic bottles of water that were providing a temporary fix. Sustainability is in Shipwreck Park’s DNA as the Park began with the

and the company’s storage facilities. The company will continue to assist the

development of an artificial reef in Pompano to help educate the community

residents of the Bahamas as well as customers who need to have services done,

and grow more coral, bolstering the reefs, a core of the environment and an

which will help keep the local population employed and make Grand Bahama a

attraction for area divers and snorkelers. The group began planning a benefit

support center for the rest of the islands.

concert, “One Love Bahamas,” with all entertainment and services donated

Shipwreck Park Pompano — Chairman Rob Wyre and his team from

to raise funds for the desalination equipment. While originally planned for

Shipwreck Park Pompano were immediately on the tail of Hurricane Dorian to

November 23, the concert was postponed until February 8 at the Amphitheater

provide supplies and support. With access to private planes, helicopters, and

in Pompano Beach. Top-name national acts and local talent have been enrolled

yachts, the non-profit started gathering supplies, which were stored on pallets

and Ticketmaster will handle event ticket sales. The commercial desalination

at Sands Harbor Resort in Pompano Beach. Wyre accompanied videographer

units cost approximately $7,500 each and can process a significant amount of

Victor Nappe on a helicopter tour of the Bahamas with Resolve Marine Group,

fresh water, so the effort will be ongoing to help concentrate on one aspect of

which has been actively involved in marine solutions for many years. They were

the island-wide issue.

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Firetrucks to the Rescue When a hurricane like Dorian leaves devastation in its wake, it’s obvious that basic survival supplies are needed—drinking water, food, blue tarps, clothing, fuel.

Lauderdale who spends a lot of time in the Islands. “Within an hour, my buddy sent me a name, Alan Davies, who has strong ties in

What’s not as apparent is that emergency equipment that was destroyed has to be

Marsh Harbour,” Kemp said. “Alan and I worked together to get the truck transported

replaced as quickly as possible to create an essential lifeline for rebuilding the future.

to the East Coast, then over to the Bahamas. Alan really made it happen. He did all of

In a series of somewhat random events, at least three emergency vehicles have been donated to Grand Bahama to help recovery efforts and service the local

the heavy lifting.” The city council of Temple Terrace voted unanimously to donate the truck - a

population. It all began in Temple Terrace, Florida (near Tampa), when their fire

2000 Pierce Quantum—take the $8,000 loss and even outfit the truck with new

department replaced an older truck with a brand spanking new one.

hoses, new bunker gear, and other life-saving equipment.

“As usual, we put the old truck on a government website to sell,” said Ian Kemp,

“We’re very blessed to be able to help the people in the Bahamas, who are still

Temple Terrace’s fire chief, “and the top bid was only $8,000. The truck was in good

suffering from the hurricane,” Kemp said. “Saving lives is our business and I’m proud

condition and had low miles so we thought about donating it. That’s when the idea

that our city was able to contribute to such a worthy cause.”

of giving it to the Bahamas came up.” Kemp said he didn’t know where to begin the donation process, didn’t know

Heartwarming, right? And, you might think that’s the end of the story. It is not. After Temple Terrace’s act of generosity, other cities got wind of the donation. “We

how to get the truck to the Bahamas, and didn’t know anyone in the Bahamas

started getting calls from other fire stations in places like Ft. Lauderdale asking

to reach out to. So he turned to Facebook and tracked down good friend in Ft.

about it. So, it was great to see other stations stepping up to help as well.”

The Men and Women of Station 2 FLFR and Alan Davies affixing a Bahamian Flag to fly on the way to the ship. 16 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

Displaced MHVFR Senior Firefighter David Ralph (left) and Temple Terrace Fire Chief Ian Kemp (right).

Enter Assistant Fire Marshall Steve Gollan of the Ft. Lauderdale Fire Department.

Ruth Saunders and Adele McDonald of MHVFR taking the truck home after Gulfstream Heavy Lift and United Abaco Freight brought it from Riviera Beach Gratis.

“Before we shipped it, we also put new tires on it, new batteries, fixed the

Similar to Temple Terrace, they had a truck and supplies going to auction when they

suspension, and restickered it for Marsh Harbour,” Gollan said. “We wanted them

received an email about the needs at Marsh Harbor.

to have pride in ownership.”

“They’d lost everything,” Gollan said, “their fire house, their trucks and they didn’t have anything to put out house fires or do the work they needed to do.” The firehouse only expected to garner about $9,000 for the truck, so they began looking into donating it. The city manager loved the idea and the decision was made. Trouble was, they didn’t know where to begin. “I mean, we didn’t know how to get a 44,000 pound truck to the Bahamas,” Gollan said. As it turns out, Ian Kemp had previously worked in Ft. Lauderdale and they’d

In addition to the truck, the stations in Ft. Lauderdale collected and moved over 500,000 pounds of food, water, and other supplies to the Bahamas. “At the end of the day, it was simply a matter of helping out a neighbor in need,” Gollan said. “That’s what it’s all about.” To put a cherry on top of this cream pie of a story, one more emergency vehicle, an E-One Titan Airport Rescue Fire Fighting Vehicle (ARFF), also made its way to the Bahamas, donated by the Ocala City Hall and Fire Rescue

heard about his good deeds. Ian directed them to Alan Davies and the rest is history.

Department. Alan Davies, owner of wastewater management company

“None of this would have happened without Alan,” Gollan said. “He never said

Hydrodynamic Solutions, worked tirelessly behind the scenes but never

no to anything. He’s an outstanding individual.” Ft. Lauderdale donated their 2004 Pierce Quantum and decided to go ahead and stuff it with all of the other fire-fighting equipment that had been slated for the auction such as nozzles, tools, structural gear, bunker gear, and everything

asked for credit. In fact, he asked not to be honored. “I just wanted to do my part to help my lifelong friend in the Bahamas.” Sorry Alan, but your kindness needs to be recognized, and a lot of folks in the Bahamas thank you!

else they had.

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EMMA T. SHARK a.k.a. Emma the Tiger Shark George C. Schellenger Emma is a 14-ft. wild tiger shark who hails from

it than that. The surreal thing was it appeared to me

the Bahamas. When she is in your presence, you feel

that she knew Jim as well. Maybe it was the affection

it to your core. In fact, you have to catch your breath.

he showed her by rubbing her head. To my eyes,

She exudes a respectful curiosity that instantly makes

the relationship was real and tangible. In fact, I’ve

you grateful for the natural world and all its wonders.

seen Emma’s behavior repeated again and again on

We are the fortunate ones; we’ve known her

numerous expeditions to Tiger Beach in the Bahamas.

for more than 12 years. When she’s not traveling

Guy Harvey and Wyland met her during the

extensively around the Western Atlantic, Emma

ﬁlming of This is Your Ocean: Sharks in 2010.They were

makes her home in the Bahamas. She’s been on

both amazed by her personality as well.“When Emma

Discovery

Facebook,

comes on the stage, everything changes,” Wyland

Instagram, even Twitter. No wonder she’s one of the

told me. As a producer documenting science, I

most photographed wild marine animals in the world.

know I’m not supposed to use anthropomorphism

Channel, Animal

Planet,

Emma was named after Emma Finn, an Australian

in describing a wild animal. What can I say? Emma

scuba diver passionate about sharks. Tiger shark

breaks the mold.You could be in the water with half-

expert, shark diving pioneer, and conservationist

dozen other tiger sharks, and if Emma comes in, there

Jim Abernethy named Emma. He introduced me to

is a difference. We’ve introduced her to Sir Richard

her in December of 2007. When I ﬁrst saw her at

Branson, American war veterans, even high school

Carcharias Cut, a reef in the Bahamas, I thought I

students from the Cayman Islands. Each one of those

was looking at a cartoon character. She was showing

times, we were hoping for an Emma encounter, and

signs of pregnancy and she was huge. I remember

each time she delivered. How did she know when

looking into her eyes and instantly seeing there was

to show up?

something unique about this creature.

Emma the Tiger Shark has become an ambassador

The next day, we moved to a crystal-clear,

for sharks worldwide and a poster animal for the

shallow water, 15-foot dive. The sea that day was

plight of sharks due to overﬁshing, by-catch, and the

so transparent—it just looked like everything was

ﬁn trade. If a shark like Emma exists in the ocean

ﬂoating in mid-air. We spent hours and hours with

today, who are the other creatures we haven’t met

11 tiger sharks, including Emma. The only time we

yet? Will we be fortunate to meet them and get

needed to get out of the water was to get more air

to know them over such a long period of time?

and media for our cameras. This was one of the most

Again, I’m caught catching my breath. I hope we’re

incredible days of my life, one of my most indelible

not the last to know a wild animal like Emma the

memories. I spent hours underwater trying to

Tiger Shark.

answer the question in my head: “How can I be in the water with such a ferocious predator, and have her seem so gentle?” As I knelt on the sea ﬂoor mesmerized, I also found it hard to wrap my head around the interaction between Jim and Emma. He knew her by the pattern of white scars on her back, but there was more to

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Theophile Bourgeois on a typically epic day of Louisiana fishing. 20 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

Tribute to a Cajun Legend by Fred Garth

There were many heartfelt articles, social media posts, and television stories about Theophile Bourgeois, the beloved Louisiana fishing captain, entrepreneur, and family man, who died at the helm of his airplane in August 2019. As he’d done for many years, he was bringing two clients back from another epic trout and redfish extravaganza at the Chandeleur Islands when a summer storm apparently sent the float plane into the Gulf of Mexico. The passengers survived, and I’m sure, absolutely, positively certain that Theophile was more concerned about their safety than his. Whatever heroic actions he performed in those final seconds were to protect those fellow anglers. Anyone who knew him knows I’m right. That was just the way he lived his life. Sure, there was a certain confidence, some called it cockiness, about him. But, at his core, he thought about others above himself. I’ll never forget my first conversation with him. “It’s pronounced, Toe Feel,” he said. “You know, like if your toe hurts, toe-feel.” He’d explained his cajun name that way to countless others, always with a sly grin and a twinkle in his eye. A lot of folks have said that he was one-of-a-kind. It’s true, but aren’t all of us unique in our own way? Especially folks from Louisiana. And, I say that in the most endearing way. His uniqueness was admirable and inspirational and one that made other men and women a little bit jealous that they couldn’t be him. We could all try to be like him. But that was the closest we could get. Theophile’s oneof-a-kindness was that he had a supreme angling vision: to provide the most incredible fishing experience in the

planet’s most incredible fishing waters—Louisiana, the undisputed redfish and trout heaven. That’s why he had two float planes to get anglers to the sweet water in 30 minutes and to avoid three or four or five hours of knee and back-wrenching boat riding. The perfection of Bourgeois Fishing Charters trickled all the way down to the Community Coffee and the crispy bacon guests salivated for as part of their morning feast at his lodge.

His vision was not just about catching a lot of monster ﬁsh but also building a community of ﬁshing.

He and his lovely mate, Ginger Jenne, bought and refurbished a 100-year-old-plus schoolhouse in the tiny outpost of Jean Lafitte (yes, the town is named for the famous pirate). The place has a lively Louisiana vibe with a massive lounge decorated in stuffed fish and other local critters set among some huge, comfy sofas and a flat screen TV. There’s a pool table and hundreds of photos of folks holding trophy-sized fish. Couples can reserve a private room, or if you’re traveling solo, there are bunkrooms that can hold lots of eager anglers. The dining room is appropriately outfitted with picnic tables that allow a clear view into the kitchen so you can watch the food fest action live. Guests walk about a hundred feet from the lodge to the dock to hop on a boat. You could sum it up in four words: eat, drink, sleep, fish. But, it’s a lot more. The place is homey and relaxed and

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seems to encourage anglers to tell stories—some true, many not. There’s usually a running commentary about boats, fishing gear, hunting, and any other subject relating to the wildlife and wild life in Louisiana. Like most others, I bonded with Theophile quickly. One strong commonality was our love of top water lures. Most anglers fish sinking lures along the bottom or mid-water and might catch more fish. My preference, and his, is top water. A lure walking across the surface generally catches less, but when a fish strikes, it’s usually a big hoss daddy. That’s why Toe liked ‘em. It’s why I like ‘em. A few beasts is better that a bunch of peter trout in my book. I had a lot of pure, unadulterated fun at his fishing camp. That’s the experience he and Ginger provided. Smiles on tap. The fish we caught, the food we ate, the jokes, the van rides to New Orleans to dine on extraordinary cuisine from Dickie Brennan’s kitchen. That’s living, my friends. That’s what life is all about. I’m lucky, like many others, to have experienced it. I hope to do so again but, sadly, without the man himself to wrap it all up in a perfect bow. This morning, August 24, just three days after the tragic crash, I sat on my porch swing with some steaming coffee and looked out across perfectly calm water. It’s a place I catch a lot of trout and redfish, too. I was writing a note to Ginger expressing my feelings:

“Dear Ginger, my heart is broken with yours and many, many others who loved and respected your man. I mourn his loss and his beautiful contribution to this world and our lives. He will always be with us in our hearts and souls and in the mystery of nature where his spirit will always live.” In the exact moment that I finished those words, the water in front of me churned with more violence than I’ve seen in 22 years living in this spot. At first, I thought they were dolphins chasing mullet, a common occurrence here. Then I saw the telltale thin, yellow fin of jack crevalle. The sound alone scared off a heron patrolling nearby. As water sprayed irrationally and the aggressive fish almost rocketed up onto the beach, I watched bait fish fly in all directions. 22 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

My mouth dropped open. The “mystery of nature” is all I could think of. I put down my coffee, ran over to my fishing rack, and grabbed my bait caster with a red and white Badonk-A-Donk topwater tied to it. The serenity of my morning coffee moment had turned into chaos. The slick surface was now a white water madness. I jogged down to the edge of the water and threw the lure high and far. I’d love to say that a beast of a jack ate that lure on impact and I fought that sucker for an hour and thanked Theophile for the gift. But no. As quickly as they’d made their appearance, they’d left. They were gone. The surface settled down. I made four more casts into the nothingness, hoping they were hiding under the surface. Eventually, I reeled in and went back to my porch swing and coffee, sitting there in stunned silence. Was it all just a cosmic coincidence. Maybe. Was Theophile sending me a message that there’s fishing in heaven? I sure like to think so. I finished my note to Ginger. “My deepest love and sympathy to you and the Theophile family.” I hit send and slowly sipped on the coffee thinking the fish might return. But they never did. They were just a memory. A flash in time. A smile. A hope. A mystery of nature. Just like my friend. Just like all of us.

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EXTINCTION SOUP T H E B L O O D Y B AT T L E ON SHARK FINS

BY STEFANIE BRENDL

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Shark fins are dried on racks in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Photos by Shawn Heinrichs www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 25

Are we ready to get real about sharks?

We all know that sharks are vital for the ocean and a

significant economic factor in many people’s lives. But emotions run high when the discussion turns to shark fishing and shark-based tourism. The fight over who should and shouldn’t get to utilize the resource, who gets to kill, feed, attract, watch, trophy-hunt, or catch and release these majestic creatures, has been going on for years. Now, there’s a battle brewing in Florida about the sale of shark fins, which is currently legal in the state. By far, the biggest offender in shark mortality is the shark fin trade. Fins fetch top dollar—as much as $450/pound in Asia—for traditional shark fin soup. It’s considered a delicacy in China and other Asian countries and is still served at weddings and special events. Sadly, the demand is so high that millions upon millions of sharks—as many as 73 million sharks are killed annually to fulfill the voracious appetite for soup. In recent years, 12 other states—including Hawaii, California, and Texas—have already made the shark fin trade illegal. Florida has not and, therefore, has now become the major importer and exporter of shark fins in the United States even though very few Floridians benefit from those sales. A movement to ban the sale of fins in Florida is growing. Proponents claim that any sale of fins contributes to the problem and makes the state complicit to the slaughter of sharks. Sharks don’t stand a chance if we continue to see them only as a collection of parts that can be dismembered and sold. If we want to talk about economic value, then we should recognize the true value sharks have to all of us. A live shark makes money for the state year after year from/through diving and fishing tourism. A dead shark makes money one-time, for one person, and only about $200 per shark for the meat. Estimates are that a live shark can bring hundreds of thousands in tourism dollars during its lifetime. Fishing, tourism, and ocean recreation on the Florida coastlines supports 609,899 jobs and contributes $34.7 billion in GDP. Divers from all over the world flock to sites in Florida that promise bigger marine creatures like turtles, sharks, and rays. So why are we not tackling the one blatantly destructive industry in our own backyard? Why are we standing by and letting finning happen in Florida when the trade of fins benefits so few of us? The answer is not as easy as it may seem. What follows is an attempt to explain all of the many moving parts.

WHY DO WE HAVE A SHARK FIN TRADE IN THE U.S.? You may be surprised to hear that the U.S. used to rank fairly high in the consumption of shark fin soup. That has changed dramatically in the last 10 years, through education and outreach, and through the passage of fin sales prohibitions in many states. The ultimate reason we still allow shark fins to be sold is because there is money to be made. Pound for pound, shark fins are one of the most highly valued items on the seafood market. There is also a limited shark meat market and fins are considered a by-product of that industry, even though it’s by far the most valuable part of the shark. However, let’s be clear, a ban on fin sales does not seek to end legal, sustainable shark fishing. Finning and fishing are two completely different activities. If a fin ban is enacted, sport fishermen will still be able to fish for sharks for recreation and commercial fishermen could still harvest sharks and sell the meat. The only thing that would be eliminated is the selling of one by-product—fins—the very product that will also be the demise of that industry if we don’t stop abusing the resource.

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Raw fins compiled and ready for processing. Photos by Shawn Heinrichs

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A TANGLED “NET”WORK Many coastal states take part in the fin trade by freely permitting the transshipment of fins from other countries and by allowing local fins to enter the market. It isn’t something most people are aware of because fins are not sold or advertised in the U.S. They are shipped off to Asia to be processed. Florida is currently the official fin trading hub in the U.S. So let’s address the elephant in the room: The claim that fin bans are bad for shark conservation and that sustainable shark fishing is the better alternative. This argument assumes that both are mutually exclusive. The goal is to take care of an obvious problem, the fin trade, and to develop sustainable fisheries. The fact that fin sales may be needed in order to make a fishery viable is an economic problem. It should not influence the evaluation of what is best for the species and the ocean. Yes, the sustainability of shark fisheries is something that needs to be addressed. The science and conservation communities have asked for this for many years. But improvements to shark fishing practices would not be hindered by the end of the shark fin trade. After all, if a few million fewer sharks are taken for fins every year, it can only make fishing better in the long run. Certain institutions and organizations try to convince us that the only way to protect sharks is to make sure shark fishing flourishes and that we will only protect sharks if we can get money from fishing. That is far from the truth.

SO THE QUESTION SHOULD BE... WHO BENEFITS FROM SHARKS, ECONOMICALLY? On the shark fin side of things, fishermen and restaurants may be at the two extreme ends and most visible part of the fin trade, but neither seem to be getting rich. It is in the middle where the real money is made—by people in the import/export business. Between 2015 and the middle of 2017, Costa Rican companies alone moved 180,000 pounds of dried shark fins through Miami International Airport on their way to Asia using two, small logistics companies. Those fins were valued at almost $2.5 million dollars. Commercial shark fishermen in Florida, on the other hand, have average annual sales of only about $336,000. This low number comes from a combined 22–24 fishermen—an average of only $14,000 per fisherman per year. Even if you put aside the ethical questions of Florida being complicit in the slaughter of sharks, there just isn’t enough money to justify allowing the sale of fins in the state. It is impossible to estimate how much money is actually being made outside of Florida. The last official numbers from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) show that the global trade of declared fins was $438.6 million dollars per year. However, this may get confusing: In 2011, NOAA reported an average of 36 metric tons of shark fin exports from the U.S., yet according to the FAO, other countries reported importing 295 metric tons of shark fins from the United States.

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Sharks in the finning factory. On the right is a scalloped hammerhead, a favorite for divers because of their picturesque schooling behavior. Photo by Shawn Heinrichs www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 29

Other countries reported sending the U.S. seven times more shark fins than the U.S. reported receiving. To use an appropriate cliché, it sounds like something fishy is going on. But what it really tells us is that current tracking of shark fins is highly inaccurate and ineffective and possibly intentionally deceptive. Now, let’s look at the true economic power of Florida’s natural marine

and the true intent of fisheries rules. However, catching shark species that are not good to eat makes sense only if you are targeting the fins. That holds as much truth locally as it does globally. There are also technical issues with allowing local fins to be sold: Legal fins keep the pathway open for illegal fins. To make that point a bit clearer, let’s examine how fins are moved. Fins can change hands multiple times. They are

resources: fishing, tourism, and ocean recreation on the Florida coastlines

moved from one country to another, imported and exported, then re-imported

support billions of dollars in GDP. The dive industry is a booming market that

once processed. They are loaded and unloaded from fishing vessels out at

can be sustained indefinitely if we protect the animals and the reef. Divers

sea to larger transportation vessels, from ships to docks, either finned or still

from all over the world flock to sites in Florida that promise bigger marine

attached to a shark. They’re moved from docks to containers, from shipyards to

creatures like turtles, sharks, and rays.

transportation companies, to processing locations and back again. Ports and

And the superstar of the Florida economy...drumroll please...recreational fishing. According to the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC):

airports don’t seem to have standardized codes to label fins. Sometimes they are thrown together as general seafood, sometimes there is a code for fins, but no

• Florida is #1 in the nation in saltwater anglers (2.4 million)

differentiation between wet or dry fins. (The weight of dry fins is vastly different

• 1,779,030 licenses were sold in 2016/17 (residents and non-residents)

than that of fresh fins.) Basically, it’s a hot mess! This is why it is nearly impossible

• $20,821,879 in revenue was generated in those same years

to tell legal from illegal fins.

The economic impact:

And then we get to the enforcement issues. Currently, the determination of

• Saltwater recreational fishing - $8 billion

whether a fin is legal or not must be made when a shark is landed at a harbor.

• Supports 114,898 jobs

Was the shark landed with fins attached? Where was it caught? In federal or state

That pretty much speaks for itself. Good fishing depends on functioning marine ecosystems. Sharks are an important part of that. Healthy shark populations are also an important factor in our future

waters? Once the fins have been cut and the body processed, it is extremely difficult to identify the species the fins came from. It could have been from a protected and/or endangered species. In many cases, only a DNA test can give

food security. Sharks are the white blood cells of the ocean. They keep fish

you a conclusive determination. Illegal finning can take place and no one will

populations healthy and strong through predation on the weak, sick, and dying

ever be the wiser. And the state and federal agencies have limited manpower to

fish. They also influence the behavior of the species they feed on. More than

monitor every single port and airport, every day of the year. The loopholes are so

three billion people depend on the oceans for their primary source of protein,

big you could drive a ship through them.

yet fish populations have been cut in half since 1970. We don’t have resources to

Authorities don’t have a handle on what is coming and going. And when

squander. Killing sharks for their fins is a massive waste of an important animal

anyone is caught with fins, as has been the case multiple times in Florida in recent

that we desperately need.

years, the case gets shuffled from state to federal agencies until it gets filed away as “pending,” never to be acted on. Proof of this is the 2017 shrimp boat incident

Are all stakeholders being considered equally?

in the Florida Keys where a boat was caught with a pile of loose fins. It was a clear

Existing evaluations of what we should do about shark fins seem to be

case of finning, that may or may not have taken place in federal or state waters.

focused only on the impact shark fishermen would suffer if we ended the trade of

It shouldn’t matter, because it’s illegal in either place. But it seems unclear which

fins. The discussions about fiscal impact only includes commercial harvesters and

agency will finally deal with it. This incident happened two years ago.

wholesalers of fins. The question of which citizens or stakeholder groups are also

If you think this was an isolated incidence, think again. According to NOAA,

affected is officially answered with “Unknown.” It is time that all stakeholders find

there have been 85 cases of finning since 2010 in the U.S. (there are no details of

representation in this matter.

how many sharks were finned per case). And, according to the FWC, “Between January 2012 and December 2019, Commission law enforcement officers issued

Why are local fins from legally caught sharks not okay?

a total of 54 citations for failure to land a shark in whole condition, which may or

Wouldn’t it make sense to use the fins from sharks that were caught

may not include finning violations.”

commercially and harvested for their meat? Well, that’s assuming that sharks are

As long as you allow legal fins to be channeled through your territory, it’s

caught for other reasons and that fins are an afterthought. And that is, in most

a free for all for illegal fins to come through your ports and an incentive for

cases, no longer true. There are only a few shark species that have valuable meat.

illegal finning to continue.

And the meat generally has high levels of mercury, so it’s not healthy to eat in the first place. Many fishermen catch and process those sharks according to the law

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And last but not least: How can we condemn other countries for participating in the global shark fin trade and at the same time be a supplier

to that market? It doesn’t matter how small our contribution may be in the scheme of things. We either support the trade or we don’t. If it is wrong to

right back to square one. Will NOAA or the fisheries agencies attempt to tell the E.U. that their fisheries

overfish sharks just to fill a bowl of soup, then we should not make excuses

regulations are not up to “our standards?” The fins sold in one country could have

just so we can keep profiting a little while longer.

changed hands multiple times and may not have actually been fished in their own waters. Certifying imports from other countries requires processing through

Couldn’t we just limit imports to countries that use high standards of fishing similar to ours? This sounds like a noble proposition, but it is a much more theoretical than

multiple federal departments. The complexity turns into a quagmire of red tape that no one would be willing to pay for or manage. Also, there is, by no means, a consensus within the research and science

practical. The notion that we can force other nations to “establish” and observe

community that the U.S. shark fishery is as sustainable, superior, and exemplary

rules and regulations on shark fishing is far-fetched at best.

as is frequently touted by supporters of a “Sustainable Shark Fishing Act” that is

Globally, 182 countries and the European Union signed agreements that

proposed in Congress.

prevent the export of certain endangered species. How effective their agreements

If you have followed the discussions that have been going on amongst

are is another question. The E.U. fishery has elaborate regulations established, and

scientists and shark researchers, you will see how controversial the issue really

they still catch people finning all the time. And as a U.K. study revealed, 50 percent

is. “Sustainable shark fishing,” as it is presented to the world and to legislators,

of sharks being sold in that market are still from endangered species.

is in no way a scientific fact. It is at best a hopeful theory. And at worst, it is an

Now, if that happens in the E.U., how do you imagine monitoring other

attempt to derail legislation that would take the U.S. out of the fin trade and delay

countries around the world? How would this be implemented? Technically,

action for several more legislative sessions. It also gives people a way to once

most countries have denounced finning, and many require sharks to be landed

again take the mediocre middle ground and be (falsely) seen as doing something

whole, but nothing has changed in how many fins are traded. So this gets us

“environmental,” but achieving nothing on behalf of shark conservation.

The end product—shark fin soup. Photo by Tre Packard/PangeaSeed www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 31

If we eliminate the legal trade, won’t we boost the black market? No. We have already learned these lessons with other endangered species products. When the ivory trade was made illegal, poaching of African elephants plummeted. When, in 2008, a decision was made to allow limited legal trade of stockpiled ivory, poaching shot back up and illegal ivory was being laundered freely through this legal market. Let’s not repeat those mistakes. There will always be an underground market because shark fins are so profitable. A fin trade ban will not save all sharks, but it will severely limit how the trade is conducted. Why can’t there be a compromise? To anyone who is new to the fin issue, it may seem as if a fin ban is extreme. The fact is, there have been a series of compromises over the last 20 years. At every turn, half-measures were proposed that have slowed down the progress, with the reasoning being that “at least it’s a move in the right direction.” The result of all those weak attempts is that shark populations have been plummeting, with more species being listed as threatened every year. It started with the prohibitions on the act of “finning,” as far back as in 2000. Because it didn’t work, the next wave of laws required that sharks “must be landed whole.” The next attempt was “sharks landed whole with fins naturally attached,” and even that didn’t make a dent in the trade. It changed how sharks were brought to shore, but in turn, it may have fueled the creation of shark meat markets, because fishermen that wanted fins were now required to bring in the whole shark. How many more partial compromises must we go through to appease the political process? It is time to close the loopholes once and for all. Ending the sale of fins would stop those that land sharks for their fins and that use meat sales or donations simply as an excuse and a way to make their fin harvest legal. A fin ban IS a compromise. Shark fishing, on a global scale, is generally seen as unsustainable and something that will come to an end due to overfishing at some point in the future. A fin trade ban is only asking for ONE practice to end: The selling of fins. No U.S. fisherman makes a living exclusively off the sale of fins. Unless we take some big, bold steps that are effective, we will not have anything left to save. Rather than fighting and justifying why we must leave things be as they are, efforts and funding should be invested to help the industry transition to new practices. It has been decades since the alarm bells were rung on the fin trade. It is no longer okay to comfortably and safely stay on the fence on this issue, whether you are a fisherman, a politician, or a scientist. Clearly, everyone prefers harmony and would rather avoid controversy. But change is tough and requires us to deal with uncomfortable steps along the way. Navigating those steps can be difficult, but that is why strong leadership is key. Protecting the environment and turning around this runaway trend to destruction is not for the faint-hearted. Stefanie Brendl is the executive director of Shark Allies. Find out more at sharkallies.com.

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Dried fins displayed in a shop in Hong Kong. Photo by Tre Packard/PangeaSeed

AA TE AC NG G M MO M EN NT TEA CH H IIN O ME T If you have kids or teach kids, we’ve put together a couple of questions/exercises to enlighten young minds on the value of sharks for our oceans. 1) Discuss with students how the trade of shark fins is similar to other endangered species products, such as elephant ivory and fur coats. a) They are used as a symbol of the status of wealth. b) They have no practical or essential use (shark fins hold no nutritional value). c) They are generally hunted in poor countries, then exported to wealthy countries. d) The demand for the product is decimating wild populations of rare animals. 2) Discuss the superstition and belief system behind the medicinal use of animal products such as rhino horn, bear bile, shark fins and cartilage, and manta gill rakers. a) It is based on a mistaken belief that the strength and virility of the animal will transfer to the human. b) Markets are often created by the producer, not the consumer, in order to sell one more product that they can harvest from wild animals. c) Products, such as shark cartilage, are put on the market without any proof of health effects. All that is needed is advertising and making people believe that it works.

SU NA E S SH A RK KS S USTA S TAIIN AB BL LE HAR S ?? The notion that U.S. shark fishing is managed sustainably banks heavily on research that shows that some species are in recovery. But it seems these numbers are mostly determined by using fisheries data from the early 1990s as a baseline, when many species were already heavily depleted. Many coastal shark species underwent severe exploitation prior to 1993. In the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, stock assessments conducted on coastal species such as sandbar sharks, dusky sharks, hammerhead, tiger, blue and white sharks showed declines from 64% to 80%. Ironically, and unfortunately, these species are also the ones most valued for tourism. In the Florida Keys, large shark species, with the exception of nurse sharks, are rare. Fishing that in records from 1930s show that, inthose thosedays daysthey theyroutinely routinelycaught caught100 100sharks sharksaaday. day. According to recent stock assessments of 64 U.S. shark stocks, 40 have “unknown” overfished and overfishing status. This means we have no idea whether more than 60% of shark stocks in the U.S. are being overfished. So yes, there may be a few shark populations that have stabilized or show signs of increase due to stricter regulations in recent years, but being stable at a greatly reduced number does not mean we are doing a great job at managing sharks.

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WH EN TA GGI NG GOE S WR ON G Tagging of “legal” fins is the new, shiny object on

on the species. As long as species quotas have not been

the shark fin front. It’s a “solution” proposed to solve the

met for that season, commercial harvesters are limited to

shark finning conundrum. That is, to tag fins of legally

45 large coastal sharks allowed to be harvested per day,

harvested sharks so they can be traced, accounted for,

per vessel (in federal waters)—that comes out to 225 tags

and, ultimately, sold for profit. The idea is that local, legal

per day, 900 tags per week (at four fishing days), 3,600

fins could be sold, while imported fins could be banned.

tags per month, or more than 43,000 tags annually/per

On the surface, it may seem like a simple solution and a

permit. Currently, there are 119 permits for direct catch

welcomed answer to everyone involved in the fight over

in Florida, so now we’re at millions of “legal” fins that the

fin regulations. If the goal is to try to avoid controversy,

state could potentially contribute to the shark fin market.

tagging has some appeal. But if we want to actually

In addition to 45 large coastal sharks, harvesters

reduce shark mortality and attack the shark fin problem

in federal waters are not limited in how many small

head-on, tagging is not an effective solution.

coastal and pelagic sharks they can take. There are

Applying a fish tagging scheme to shark fins

also 128 permits for incidental shark catch and four for

is assuming that fins are harvested, moved, and

smoothhound sharks. So, now the number of tags that

marketed like other food fish. They are not. It is far more

need to be supplied could potentially double or triple.

complicated than that. When a fish is tagged, that tag

The point is, there is a real danger here that a tagging

generally stays with the product (as has been done with

scheme would incentivize catching more sharks than are

red snapper in the past). When a shark is landed, and the

currently being taken. These concerns only scratch the

fins are cut off, the animal and the product are separated.

surface. Dig deeper and more problems and loopholes

There is no traceability of species or of origin once the fin

appear.

is removed. The process would also create a mechanism

The overarching concern is that tags could

to launder illegal fins, whether they were illegally finned

potentially end up being a carte blanche stamp of

or imported. The moment you attach a tag to a fin, it

approval for shark fins, which would empower fin sales

would essentially become a legal fin.

and keep channels open for the fin trade, locally and

Tagging would legitimize any fin. What does that do to the enforcement process? The tracking of species wouldn’t be improved. We

nationally. With millions of these tags floating around, the potential for black market intrusion is just too great. Perhaps the greatest concern is the moral and ethical

know shark catches and the total value of fins taken,

question of being in the shark finning business in the first

but what species those fins are taken from is unclear.

place. By participating in fin sales, we’re endorsing and

Unless every single fin is DNA tested, which is logistically

legitimizing the shark fin trade, which is responsible for

impossible, we essentially rely on self-reporting.

the global slaughter and decimation of sharks. It makes

NMFS data for shark landings in Florida shows

us more than complicit. We’re actually promoting an

how unreliable that method is: In 2016, out of the total

activity that is throwing our oceans out of balance. Is that

591,871 pounds of total shark landings, 195,661 pounds

something Florida wants on its résumé?

are simply described as “shark” without identification of species. That is roughly one-third of all sharks landed. And here is a math problem: How many fin tags do you allow per shark? Four or six fins? It differs depending

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The only real solution is to get out of the shark fin business completely. No tags. No fins. No more loopholes.

This reef shark, who got away after having his dorsal fin cut off, was spotted on Juno Ledge in Jupiter, Florida, in May 2019. Photo by Matthew Imm

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ARTIST, PHOTOGRAPHER, FILMMAKER, AND CONSERVATIONIST “Art is my passion, conservation is my purpose, and for me, the two are inseparable. I have found art is the most powerful tool I can bring to bare to help protect the ocean’s most threatened species and inhabitants.”

Left to right, top to bottom, from previous page: Shark Apocalypse - Kesennuma, Japan: The scale of shark fisheries are almost beyond comprehension. In this one port, we documented an estimated 6500 Blue sharks landed in a single day. Tiger Beach - West End, Bahamas: A 14-foot tiger shark approaches cautiously to investigate divers in these crystal-clear, shallow waters of Tiger Beach. Whale Shark Armada - Isla Mujeres, Mexico: Flanked on both sides by massive whale sharks, Heinrichs seizes the opportunity to capture a family portrait! Shark Sanctuary - Misool Resort, Raja Ampat, Indonesia: Black tip reef sharks once again thrive in abundance of marine life in these truly protected waters of the Misool Marine Reserve. Shark Fin Walk - Hong Kong: Fins from hundreds of sharks are stacked and dried on a rooftop, a trade that is driving shark species to the brink of extinction. Manta Above - Misool Resort, Raja Ampat, Indonesia: Oceanic manta rays, highly intelligent, curious, and social beings, flourish in the protected waters of the Misool Marine Reserve.

Gentle Giants - Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: The world’s largest known whale sharks gather in the incredibly productive waters surrounding the islands Darwin and Wolf, their massive bodies dwarfing that of divers.

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Top Left: Tiger Portrait - West End, Bahamas: Jim Abernethy captures stunning images of the sharks he has come to know and love over the past two decades at Tiger Beach. Bottom Left: Lemon Beach - West End, Bahamas: Though tiger sharks take center stage, lemon sharks spend more time, up close and personal, with divers than any other sharks at Tiger Beach. Right: Blue Water, White Life - Cat Island, Bahamas: A curious oceanic white tip shark, scavenger of the open seas, patrols the clear, blue waters off Cat Island in the Bahamas.

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Tales by Light - Misool Resort, Raja Ampat, Indonesia: Misool Resort dive master Sabine Templeton comes belly-to-belly, sharing a breathtaking moment with a majestic manta ray.

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Dance with Devil Rays - La Paz, Mexico: Mobula rays gather by the hundreds in the midnight waters off of La Paz to feed on the dense plankton attracted beneath the brilliantly bright surface lights.

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PHOTOS BY ALEX TAYLOR

FROM HEAD TO TOE IN THE

FLORIDA KEYS It’s safe to assume that Guy Harvey, Ph.D. and professor of marine biology, was not thinking about t-shirts when he painted billfish, sharks, and other marine life back in

were catching photographic images rather than fish and Mike and his crew excelled in that area as well. While blasting offshore in big boats like the Ballie Who

the 1980s. Yet, over the past three or four decades, his art’s

III for billfish and sharks has been a staple of Guy’s fishing

ubiquity can be directly attributed to the Guy Harvey line

prowess (he’s a Hall of Fame fisherman, BTW), no true

of apparel, which is sold just about everywhere. Fishermen

fishing freak journeys to the Keys without wetting a line on

first started wearing Guy Harvey shirts because they

the crystal clear flats and reefs. So, just to make sure that the

were practical, functional, and beautiful. Now, that same

Guy Harvey gear performed inshore as well as offshore, we

philosophy has spread into an angler’s complete wardrobe

tracked down Capt. Augie Moss of Here Fishy Charters and

from hats to shoes, that is, literally from head to toe.

Captain Mike Venezia, at bonefishingislamorada.com. Both

To highlight the new line of Guy Harvey clothing, what

specialize in backwater species—from bonefish to snook

better place to go than the Florida Keys, and who better to

to tarpon to redfish—and are members of the Florida Keys

test its style and durability than actual fishing captains and

Fishing Guide Association.

dedicated anglers? With those thoughts in mind, we linked

Captain Augie Moss grew up in Chicago but has been

up with Capt. Mike Rathjen who runs the Ballie Who III, a

fishing the Keys since he was 11 when his parents bought

state-of-the-art, 46-foot, Warren O’Neil offshore sportfishing

a house in Key Largo. He jokes that he majored in fishing

boat out of Whale Harbor Marina in sunny Islamorada.

at the University of Miami, which might be true, because

All of Capt. Mike’s charters are private, meaning the

after practicing law in Chicago for four years, he escaped

fishing experience is tailored to the angler’s skill level and

to Islamorada in 2012, and started guiding full-time. With

preferences. The Ballie Who takes complete novices or

a 2015 27-foot Conch and a 2013 Maverick HPX, he patrols

experienced anglers and guides them to mahi mahi, tuna,

offshore and inshore waters.

marlin, snapper, grouper, and more. For our private trip, we

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WORN BY BOAT CAPTAINS & DEDICATED ANGLERS, GUY HARVEY APPAREL IS PRACTICAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND BEAUTIFUL.

Hunting for dorado in the Florida Keys does not require you to dress like the fish, but both Capt. Mike Rathjen of the Balllie Who III and Dene Alexis, a dive instructor in the Bahamas, did it anyway. Capt. Mike’s wearing Guy Harvey’s Dorado Scales Long Sleeve Sun Protection shirt, a 100% polyester fabric with UPF50 protection. Dene matched up with her dorado leggings, t-shirt and two-tone hat. www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 47

Owner and operator of Bone Fishing Islamorada Capt. Mike Venezia keeps a steady eye on the trolling lines and stays cool in Guy Harvey’s Long Sleeve Dueling Sailfish Sun Protection Top. It features original artwork on the front, and along the left sleeve are some of Guy’s favorite species.

FUN TIMES When we weren’t out fishing, we had a little time to chill out on the dock, do a bit of kayaking, and just cruise the marina—and maybe leave an artistic “impression” with some “soulful” shoe art. How ‘bout that?

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Above: A short sleeve 100% cotton Mahi Time Pocket T-Shirt is a way to look cool and stay cool while burning a few calories in the kayak. For added comfort, there’s no scratchy tag to bother you but it does feature a handy breast pocket with the iconic Guy Harvey logo.

Krissy Bohnstedt (left) chills at the marina in a Shell Yeah Short Sleeve T-Shirt made from 90% cotton and 10% polyester with a comfortable round neckline and a no-scratch tag-free label. The pink bottoms are Core Full Elastic Shorts made of 100% polyester with a wide elastic waistband and drawstring for a perfect fit. These shorts have three convenient pockets, one on each side as well as a hip pocket, to store your keys, sunglasses, or whatever. Dene Alexis is in a Tropic Like It’s Hot Long Sleeve Sun Protection Top with a unique wrap-around design on the body and a left sleeve of Guy’s original artwork. This 100% polyester top includes UPF50 protection. www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 49

Capt. Mike is dipping into the live shrimp in a Core Solid Long Sleeve Sun Protection Top made from 100% polyester fabric that wicks moisture away and has UPF capabilities. This shirt is tagfree and super comfy for maximum movement while slinging shrimp at stealthy snook. 50 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

Capt. Augie Moss, who runs Here Fishy Charters in the Keys, scans for bonefish and tarpon, in a classic Guy Harvey performance shirt and adjustable visor with sweatband.

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The fishing, the food, the new friends, and especially the apparel were all top shelf.

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WO R K H A R D P L AY H A R D After a few days of hard work—if you can actually call going out on boats, fishing to our hearts content, and taking pictures “work”—the crew was ready for a little down time on the beach. With some fresh seafood and beverages in hand, it was time to relax. Turns out Capt. Mike and Capt. Augie can navigate the kitchen as well as a mangrove forest. The food and drink capped off an incredible Keys extravaganza. The fishing, the food, the new friends, and especially the apparel were all top shelf.

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Treasures of

THE CRYSTAL COAST NICK HONACHEFSKY

Down along the southern Outer Banks of North Carolina, the barrier islands stand apart in character and spirit, so much so that they go by a different name— the Crystal Coast. The sleepy, tourist beach town of Emerald Isle simply sounds like it belongs here. I checked into a sublime, aquamarine-sided beachfront home on Emerald Isle, quaintly nicknamed Susie’s Hideaway, tossing my bags on a plump couch, and opened the sliding window doors to feel the rush of the Atlantic surf breeze tickle my face. A deep inhale, and I was already tying ﬁshing rigs, set to explore the treasures of the Crystal Coast the next morning.

OFFSHORE GOLD – DAY ONE A warming sunrise peeked over the Atlantic. I was greeted dockside by NC Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores Activity Director Wayne Justice, who promptly fashioned a Bojangles chicken and biscuit breakfast sandwich into my hand. “We pride ourselves on the chicken and biscuits here in North Carolina,” said Wayne proudly with a big, down-home smile as we stepped aboard Captain Stewart Merritt’s Salt Air Ventures on the Beaufort Inlet. The engines of the Privateer rumbled, and we pointed the bow 29 miles offshore. As we crossed the turbulent, white-watery shoals, Justice pointed out Shackleford Banks where, in 1995, adventurers found the actual shipwreck of Captain Edward Teach’s, aka Blackbeard’s, pillaging vessel—Queen Anne’s Revenge. “They pulled up a couple of cannons and dinnerware and booze bottles, but no treasure of any kind,” noted Justice as we passed the area. “Scholars now think the shipwreck wasn’t an error of nautical misjudgment, but that Blackbeard took his treasured bounty and left his crew on board, then scuttled the ship to take it all for himself.” Fair enough for a pirate. Passing by the shoals, we blasted about 14 miles offshore to set up in 110 feet of water on some naturally occurring submarine rockpile ledges. Merritt busted out the bait consisting of Spanish mackerel heads, sardines, and frozen pogies. Justice dropped a bait down and in a split instant upon touching ground, was ﬁrst to reel in a beauty—a 15-pound gag grouper. Merritt and I proceeded to battle three more gags up to 20 lbs. in the mix. “We are out here tagging sand tiger sharks for research all the time,” said Justice, “but it’s great to come out and ﬁsh for once.” The bite was happening. Justice dropped down another mackerel chunk and his rod was buckled over again, this time a wrist-wrenching battle, and we all knew it was something with muscle and gusto. A deep bronze coloring appeared with a huge, 35-lb. almaco jack attached to the line.

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Wayne’s glory for the pool winner didn’t last long. I dropped down my chunk bait and doubled over immediately, sweating in the 95-degree heat, to haul in a bruiser 40-lb. amberjack. Justice and Merritt were both congratulatory, but the big one was yet to come. Another head chunk down, and another big hit. Merritt balanced the rod on the gunwale, wrenching in the beast crank after crank; after 25 minutes, we got a big, brown color that Justice thought was a sand tiger, but a long whiptail came into focus that was attached to a huge, 200-lb. southern stingray. Glorious enough for sure, but two shadows followed the beast upward. Quickly, I grabbed a Hyperlastics Dartspin lure and dropped it down beside the stingray, sporadically twitch-jigging it off the stingray’s wingtips to convince a 10-lb. cobia to strike. Wreck fishing off the coast was nothing short of exemplary. After fishing, on Wayne’s recommendation, I met up with his brother Denny, who bartends at the Caribsea restaurant in Emerald Isle. Denny ordered me a meal fit for a king with succulent crab cake, maki rolls adorned with red pepper, and a sweet glass of Pinot Noir. Day one was a success.

INSHORE GEMS – DAY TWO The next morning, Justice and I were joined by one of my childhood friends, now retired Lt. Colonel Steve Schultze, who lived in the area, to explore the shallow backwaters of Bear Creek in Swansboro. Looking for a scrap with some backwater redfish, we met up with Captain John Mauser of Tailing Tide Guide Service on his 18-ft. East Cape Fury skiff. Mauser poled us over shallow waters encrusted with oyster beds way into the backcountry marshes, sometimes scraping the hull in six inches of water. Rigged with light tackle, Mauser fixed the push pole in the bay mud and spoke out loud, “Toss the plug next to that bank and pop it.” Justice flung a Rapala Skitter Walk toward the spartina grass banks, pulling it off, blurping it on the surface, when Wham!—a 24-in. redfish exploded on the lure. Justice then proceeded to bag another sweet, 27-in. redfish that was released to fight another day. We worked the grass banks fastidiously to get some continuous blow-ups from reds. Halfway through the trip, the silence of the backwater beauty was interrupted by blasts from 50-caliber guns on the nearby military gun range on the other side of Bear Island. I could see Schultze’s thoughts go inward, reflecting on his time spent defending our country. As the sporadic booms from gunfire resounded between casts, Schultze softly said to me on the side, “Man, all the years I spent here, and I never knew this beauty existed behind the range.” I saw him crack a reserved smile. Though Justice had the hot hand on the reds, Schultze and I weren’t done yet, casting gold spoons and DOA paddletails to score with three southern flounder to add to the tally. As the noon sun was high in the sky, I remembered something I read about fossil shark teeth hunting in the area. “What’s this I hear of Shark Tooth Island?” I asked Mauser. “Oh yeah, that’s the spot where Pleistocene and Miocene era shark teeth wash out from the inland deposits and lay along the beach. I love taking kids there.”

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The dropping tide cleaned up the muddy waters where we decided to make a stop by Shark Tooth Island. Wishing to find a jet black Megalodon tooth sticking out of the banks, we all kept our eyes focused downward and amassed a cool collection of millions-year-old goblin shark teeth and stingray barbs, digging through the shell piles, and scanning the water line as it lapped up along the beach. I filled my pockets like a kid in a candy store with all sorts of shark teeth. Mauser then offered me fly-casting lessons for fun, a most relaxing way to end the day. Departing Mauser at the dock, Schultze and Justice both went home to eat dinner with their families and I, once again, met up with Denny at Caribsea, this time to gorge on blackened shrimp and scallops with gorgonzola sauce and tuna meat with ginger celery and poke-style sesame oil, celebrating the day’s events.

THE HUMAN TREASURE – DAY THREE Day three, winds were gusty at 30 knots, way too high to get out and fish effectively. I met with Jess Hawkins, a retired marine scientist with the NC Dept. of Marine Fisheries who now runs back bay ecotourism charters, engaging in various activities like shelling, snorkeling, wild horse searching, and bird watching. Hawkins and I were both kind of discouraged not to be able to get out for an ecotour to explore the Crystal Coast Sound, so in a comforting, down-home southern drawl, Hawkins belted, “You ever have a shrimp burger?” I replied, “I mean, yeah, I’ve had shrimp sandwiches before in my travels.” “But you ain’t never had one like this,” said Hawkins as we pulled into a ramshackle BBQ joint that looked like it was someone’s backyard food stand—the famous Big Oak Drive-In Bar-B-Que. He was right. Stacked between two soft buns, loaded with fried shrimp, special hot sauce, and slaw, we grabbed our goodies and sat on a beach bench, eagerly chomping on a world-class shrimp burger, and just shot the breeze about fishing and the ocean—two new friends hanging out, simply enjoying the day. After gorging upon the shrimp sandwich, I dropped by the NC Aquarium, where Justice proudly showed me the aquarium inhabitants and all the conservation-minded initiatives the NC Aquarium embarks upon to preserve, protect, and promote the marine ecosystems. “We want to the public to know they can drop by and experience the marine life if they can’t get out on the water,” said Justice. “It’s all about building the relationship between the environment and people and closing that gap to keep people informed and interested in our world.” Reluctantly, I had to leave the Crystal Coast behind the next morning. The days on the boat were done, but I hadn’t finished up fishing just yet. I called Schultze to meet me at the beach, picking up some frozen shrimp at Reel Outdoors tackle shop, and casting out bottom hi-lo rigs into the surf in front of Susie’s Hideaway. As the evening set in, Schultze and I were transported back in time, fishing shoulder to shoulder together just as we did as kids growing up, pulling a medley of small bluefish, stingrays, blacktip sharks, and whiting out of the rolling surf. We were in our glory, laughing and carrying on like old times. As we packed up for the night, Schultze turned to me and said, “Brother, I’ve lived around here a long time and this is one of the best days I’ve ever spent here, fishin’ with you.” Likewise, Steve. The Crystal Coast always offers up new, golden finds, but more importantly, helps you rediscover those treasures you always knew were there.

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Travel Info for

THE CRYSTAL COAST A vast marine playground exists at the NC Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores. Stunning marine habitats

NC AQUARIUM AT PINE KNOLL SHORES

filled with freshwater and saltwater fish species abound, along with amphibians, reptiles, and even bald eagles to exhilarate and delight visitors. But the Aquarium is also heavily involved in scientific research. “We have a citizen science project called the Spot-A-Shark Program that encourages divers and anglers to contribute to the growing database of sand tiger sharks,” states aquarist Ara McClanahan. “Divers and anglers take photos of sand tiger sharks and upload them. Each sand tiger has a unique spotting and pattern to identify and track specific sharks, and we’ve found they engage in site fidelity, sticking around the same shipwrecks year after year. The shipwrecks are very important habitat for breeding females.” Visitors can take guided tours to explore the splendor of the Aquarium as well as host educational programs for both children and adults alike. “The Aquarium is much more than just a place to gaze at marine life,” states Danielle Bolton, PR coordinator of the Aquarium. “We are in the field contributing to the scientific community. We are here to create a family tradition to make memories learn and grow. It’s a very real experience.” www.ncaquariums.com/pine-knoll-shores

The Crystal Coast encompasses 18 miles of beach including the towns of Emerald Isle, Atlantic Beach, Cape Lookout, Beaufort, Pine Knoll Shores, Morehead City, Harker’s Island, Salter Path, and Indian

WHERE TO STAY

Beach. Beach home rentals are outﬁtted to the max—quaintly-themed houses saturated with nautical ﬂare overlooking the Atlantic. Check out Emerald Isle Realty for your stay in paradise. www.emeraldislerealty.com

Crystal Coast EcoTours Capt. Jess Hawkins, 252-241-6909

HIDDEN GEMS

www.crystalcoastecotours.com

NC Maritime Museum www.ncmaritimemuseumbeaufort.com

Caribsea, Emerald Isle www.caribsearestaurant.com Any and all adventures can be found through www.crystalcoastnc.org

Capt. John Mauser www.tailingtideguideservice.com

FISHING CAPTAINS

Capt. Stewart Merritt, www.saltairventures.com, 252-725-1725

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Photo by Tomáš Nožina on Unsplash

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An invasive lionfish found by a diver along the Gulf Coast of Florida.

WORKING TOWARD SOLUTIONS TO CONTROL INVASIVE LIONFISH

COAST WATCH ALLIANCE

BY BRAD RIFFE COAST WATCH ALLIANCE

A M U LT I - P R O N G E D A T T A C K O N L I O N F I S H

Eradicating a species from the planet is, sadly, a special human talent. From the dodo bird to the sea cow

to passenger pigeons, and many, many others, the road to extinction has been paved by man. Then there’s the ubiquitous lionfish we’ve all heard so much about. You’d think, given our stellar record of erasing creatures from the face of the Earth or the sea, that we’d be able to kill off a fish that is, one, easy to spear and, two, delicious to eat. Unfortunately, the removal of lionfish has presented us with a unique set of challenges and, so far, the crafty critters with venomous spines have not succumbed to man’s ingenuity or insatiable appetite for seafood. The good news is that many organizations with bright people are working hard to crack the code. Coast Watch Alliance (CWA), a non-profit founded in 2014 to tackle issues that affect our coastlines and offshore ecosystems has a special loathing for lionfish. Headquartered in Pensacola, Florida, the epicenter of the lionfish outbreak, CWA is a collaboration of divers, recreational anglers, scientists, and business owners working to conserve and protect coastal and marine environments. In addition to battling lionfish on multiple fronts, the organization’s mission includes the removal of marine debris resulting from commercial and recreational fishing activities, as well as addressing man-made water quality issues that impact reef systems. Because the Gulf Coasts of Northwest Florida and Alabama now have some of the highest densities of lionfish in the world, Pensacola has been dubbed the “Lionfish Capital of the World.” At the turn of the 20th century, the town’s moniker was the more-appealing, “Red Snapper Capital of the World.” Schooners with massive live wells would regularly bring in 30,000 to 40,000 pounds of red snapper and grouper in the early 1900s. These days, the snapper and grouper populations are under strict management via bag limits and seasons, while lionfish grow unabated and are only able to be harvested by divers with spears. To make matters worse, lionfish pose a significant threat to those prized snapper and grouper and other economically viable game Harvested lionfish during a lionfish derby in Pensacola, Florida. 62 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

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fish. They are opportunistic feeders and will not hesitate to devour juvenile snapper, grouper, flounder, amberjack, octopus, or whatever is available. Some have viewed this invasion as an insurmountable problem. However, CWA has approached it as an opportunity to help reduce harvesting pressure on native seafood species, while also providing an economic opportunity for local fishermen and divers, seafood suppliers, and entrepreneurs. While the complete eradication of lionfish is not

Lionfish is a mild fish that has many culinary uses.

currently considered realistic, we may be able to reduce their numbers to low enough levels to allow native species to thrive. CWA is trying to accomplish this, not only through removal efforts, but through education and public outreach as well. Accordingly, the all-volunteer group has implemented a four-stage plan. First, to bring expanded awareness of the lionfish threat in order to engage further action. Second, to promote the culinary value of lionfish in hopes of increasing the demand for this sustainable seafood choice. Third, to increase ecotourism through harvesting dive trips. And finally, to

murals, also attracts a lot of attention at fishing and diving events such as

promote citizen science through lionfish research. Of course, if you’re going to put a dent in the lionfish population, you need a lot of hunter divers and they, in turn, need a boat. Enter the

the annual Lionfish Removal and Awareness Day (LRAD) event. Working alongside the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission

LionSlayer,, CWA’s high-speed, all-aluminum, custom, 26-foot dive/fishing

(FWC), CWA helped co-host the inaugural LRAD festival in May 2015, which

boat used to liberate lionfish from their habitat. Through a $100,000 Impact

drew upwards of 3,000 visitors to the downtown Pensacola area. This event,

100 grant, CWA outfitted the LionSlayer with the tools to harvest lionfish

now in its sixth year, along with associated spearfishing derbies held across

as well as perform marine debris cleanups. The boat, decorated in lionfish

the state, has resulted in the removal of more than 40,000 lionfish. CWA continues to remain an active participant in LRAD and organize removal events, such as the one-day Pensacola Lionfish Classic in October 2019. In addition to working on the state level, CWA has expanded its footprint nationally with NOAA. The group was recently awarded the only permit by NOAA to lead the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary Lionfish Invitational, an expedition that runs twice a year to harvest lionfish from protected reefs in Texas Gulf waters. The lionfish taken

ne of the greatest ironies of the lionfish issue is that the demand is far higher than the supply. Restaurants and seafood markets buy whatever is brought in, but if a harvesting method such as trapping proves successful,

lionfish could be on the plate from New York to LA. In addition to pleasing the palate, they also contain a higher percentage of the healthy Omega fatty acids than a lot of popular seafood and, unlike highly popular fish, like tuna, grouper, or swordfish, lionfish have very low concentrations of heavy metals. Currently, they bring top price ($6.50/ pound) so divers can sell them at a premium.

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L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

Coast Watch Alliance’s Lion Slayer Vessel

from the Flower Garden Banks are used for research purposes by NOAA. One of CWA’s most notable contributions in the lionfish saga came from one of its founding members, Bryan Clark, who created a lionfish map database (fwcreefrangers.com) to support FWC and the Alabama Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Clark’s software is used to document lionfish detections and densities, as well as allow local divers to track and more efficiently cull lionfish from local reefs. If you ever wondered whether a small group of dedicated individuals could make an impact, CWA has your answer. Their efforts are paying off and their plan is to turn up the heat. They continue to organize marine debris removal events and lionfish derbies, develop roadmaps for lionfish harvesting practices, create markets for lionfish products, and work on changing laws that inhibit conservation strategies. In the case of lionfish, it’s an enemy CWA hopes to defeat and eat into submission.

Coast Watch Alliance is a 501(c)3 nonprofit, which relies entirely on an amazing group of ground- and water-based volunteers. If you would like to get involved, or are interested in helping out with your time or resources, you can contact CWA at briffe@coastwatchalliance.org.

CWA Executive Director Brad Riffe and board member Deanna Richburg.

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PERSONAL PROFILE

ALEX LUCE 66 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

A turtle seen on a dive.

Alex Luce on a recreational dive.

the waters around Florida

loving teenager trying to make a difference. When he learned about the

GHM: Is filmmaking a career you want to pursue?

lionfish epidemic, he was inspired to make a short, animated film under

Alex: I love filmmaking, and I’m still learning a lot about what it takes

the title REEFBEAT. In a series of fortunate events, young Luce found his

to make different types of film. This summer, I learned about documentary

way to Lionfish University and its co-founder Jim Hart, who happens to

films and worked with a group of other kids on a story about water rights

be a screenwriter. Hart, Luce, and Stacy Franks, who co-founded LFU with

in urban settings. I hope this is something that I can pursue professionally

Hart, collaborated on the film that hopes to educate kids about the lionfish

someday.

problem. We decided to dive inside the mind of a young marine conservationist to see what inspires him, what his future goals are, and if he thinks his generation is motivated to protect the marine environment. GHM: How did someone way out in Oakland, California, get interested in lionfish? Alex: I love spending time in the ocean, like surfing and snorkeling. A few years back, I convinced my parents that we should all get certified as

GHM: Do you think other kids your age are also socially conscious like you? If so, in what way? Alex: Yes, this is part of the way we are growing up and being educated. At EBI, our 8th grade project is not only about learning how to do research, but also turning our knowledge into social action. That’s why I’m grateful to Lionfish University for helping me identify a community need and use my love of videos to have an impact on the younger generation. Our generation has to make the future that we want to live in.

scuba divers. I saw some interesting things as a snorkeler, but scuba diving

GHM: What are some other threats to the ocean that concern you?

opened up a whole new world for me. When I learned that lionfish were

Alex: I am also concerned about plastics in the ocean and pollution in

destroying the reef, that sparked my interest in understanding how lionfish

water. For another school project, a group of my friends and I made a game

became an invasive species. For my 8th grade International Baccalaureate

about the great Pacific garbage patch. The goal of the game was to collect

(IB) final project, I decided that studying lionfish and ocean conservation

as much trash as possible and not damage your ship.

would be a good research project. An important part of the project is to take the research and turn it into a community action. GHM: Have you ever been diving with lionfish? If so...where? If not, would you like to?

L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

A budding filmmaker and conservationist, Alex Luce is also an ocean-

GHM: How did you find out about Lionfish University? Alex: I was introduced to Lionfish University by Mr. Bradley Mart, a family friend. He is also involved in ocean conservation efforts with different non-profit organizations. After some email exchanges, Ms. Stacy

Alex: Last summer, my family dove in Roatan, a small island off the

Frank and Mr. James Hart suggested that we collaborate on making a

coast of Honduras. During this trip, we found that lionfish were an invasive

short film using cartoon characters. I’m really grateful to each one of

species and were a good thing to eat to help the reef. My dad and I then

these individuals for taking the time to help me get started. I’ve never

took a class and got certified to spear the lionfish. This summer, I was in

had an opportunity to work with adult professionals before and they

Cozumel. The good news is that the lionfish invasion has been controlled

made it enjoyable.

there. I saw only one throughout my 15 dives. However, I know from my

GHM: What message do you hope other kids will get from your video?

research that other parts of the Caribbean are much more impacted, like

Alex: My main goal of this video was to educate younger kids about lionfish and how they are harming the ecosystem. Kids like to watch videos that other kids make. Hopefully, this will inspire them to learn more. GHM: Would you like to produce other lionfish related videos, why? Alex: Yes, I’d like to continue to make videos about lionfish, maybe some targeted toward a broader audience. The need for awareness and action is ongoing. I hope that in future productions, I could use real footage from my diving. GHM: Have you ever eaten lionfish? If so, when and where and how did you like it? If not, would you like to eat lionfish? Alex: I have never eaten lionfish. I would like to try some, especially because everyone says it’s delicious. And like the slogan says, “Eat ‘em to beat ‘em.”

www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 67

BATTLING LIONFISH ON LAND BY STACY FRANKS & JIM HART

“Lionfish are bad...” ALEX FOGG, MARINE BIOLOGIST

Okay, maybe it’s not the lionfish that are bad, but the invasion. We’ve also heard

about their spread across the Bahamas, Bermuda, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, East Coast of the U.S., and South America to Venezuela. Now, the Eastern Mediterranean is being overrun, seemingly unchecked. Without introducing any of the culling controls developed, tested, and implemented in the West, the map of the Mediterranean may soon mirror the USGS view of the invasion below. ENTER LIONFISH UNIVERSITY. Fortunately, a widely diverse group of activists have come together, forming a ragtag army to fight this common enemy. In 2012, a clan of of those lionfish soldiers formed Lionfish University with a mission to promote education, awareness, and research. While LFU may not be an official university with highly touted sports teams and frat parties, the non-profit, 501C3 organization encourages scientific endeavors with a number of grants for innovative research. One such grant went to University of Georgia student Emily Noakes, who is studying lionfish reactions to playbacks of lionfish calls recorded by Dr. Scott Noakes, also of UGA (see page 78). LFU has also been instrumental in funding Dr. Steve Gittings’ lionfish trap research and development (see page 76). A grant to Dr. Janelle Fleming at the University of North Carolina was used to continue testing of Dr. Gittings’ trap. As an educational organization, LFU members attend a variety of trade shows, conventions, and summits to get the word out that lionfish, in the wrong oceans, are bad for the environment, but in the hands of the right chef, are great to eat. From the Diving Equipment and Marketing Show (DEMA) to the Food Expo in Las Vegas, LFU continues its focus on solving the lionfish conundrum. And they’ve taken their fight to Washington, DC, for Capitol Hill Ocean Week (CHOW), an annual event that

68 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

to share information and resources relating to the infestation of lionfish

the public. At the extremely popular NOAA fish fry, LFU and Coast Watch

and focus on the dissemination of information to the diving and fishing

Alliance (CWA) served hundreds of portions of lionfish to crowds lined up to

communities around the world.

get their taste of this edible invader. Most came back for seconds and thirds

To expand its reach and extend public awareness, LFU assembled a

because the fish was so tasty, or perhaps they also knew that lionfish are a

diverse and widespread network of volunteer field reporters to bridge

green food, high in Omega-3 fatty acids, and low in mercury.

information gaps between invaded areas and to educate the public. LFU

LFU has also utilized social and mainstream media, producing one of

also added an esteemed panel of volunteer science advisors: Dr. Steve

the first lionfish conservation ads and a Public Service Announcement (PSA)

Gittings (chief scientist for NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries), Dr.

featuring Miss Cayman Islands Lindsay Japal. A visit to the LFU website

Lillian Tuttle (currently working on postdoctoral research at the University

and YouTube channel offers PSAs such as Lionfish 101, which is a short

of Hawaii at Manoa), Alex Fogg (marine biologist and marine resource

introduction to the lionfish invasion (https://youtu.be/uStjKoNsuPU) for

coordinator for Okaloosa County, Florida), Holden Harris (Ph.D. candidate

students and school education programs. The PSA with Lindsay Japal and

in Interdisciplinary Ecology at the University of Florida), and Simon Dixon

Chef Thomad making lionfish ceviche is on YouTube (https://youtu.be/

(marine biologist with an MS in Conservation Biology), and Dr. Stephanie

WJLfL9s99sw), as well as the latest PSA in a series on lionfish culling safety tips

Green, assistant professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Alberta,

(https://youtu.be/pv1VIzLqyhk). The group also collaborated with Polly Alford

Canada. This team of scientists has published and posted studies, reports,

and Claire Wood, authors of the cookbook appropriately titled Cook Lionfish,

and project updates on LFU public platforms.

which contains a variety of outstanding recipes. LFU was founded by ocean conservationist Stacy Frank, renowned

L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

brings together ocean conservation organizations, elected officials, and

The lionfish invasion continues to evolve and so must our efforts to fight back. LFU is not alone. Many are sharpening their spears as well as their wits

underwater photographer Courtney Platt, and screenwriter Jim Hart, who

to join the battle. Whether spearing, trapping, eating, or making jewelry

has penned numerous Hollywood movies including Contact, Hook, August

from lionfish, the time has come to roll up our wetsuit sleeves and dive into

Rush and The Hot Zone. The three dive junkies started a grassroots effort

the next adventure this invasion will bring.

Alex Fogg filleting lionfish.

Lionfish is a culinary delicacy.

www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 69

LIONFISH RESOURCES, INFORMATION & PRODUCTS FWC LEADS THE CHARGE Combating invasive species from pythons to kudzu to lionfish falls under the purview of the Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). No one agency or organization has stepped up to the plate with greater manpower and money than FWC to beat back the spiny

FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: Good resource for information about fighting the lionfish invasion in Florida, and the invaded areas. myfwc.com

beast. They formed the Reef Rangers to encourage harvesting, built a website to educate and inform and establish Lionfish Removal and Awareness Day (May 16), which kicked off with a

LIONFISH UNIVERSITY

festival in Pensacola in 2015. FWC has an entire lionfish division with a highly dedicated staff who spend each day working to eradicate or at least mitigate the invader’s damage to the eco=system.

A 501c3 dedicated to education, awareness, and

The state agency has literally spent millions of dollars in their efforts and has mobilized large

research related to the lionfish invasion.

groups of divers and volunteers in their efforts. They’ve funded prize money at derbies - as much

lionfishuniversity.org

as $10,000 for top prizes - which has attracted the top lionfish hunters on the planet to get involved. During the 2019 LRAD tournament in Destin Florida, more than 14,000 lionfish were removed in three days with a total of $48,000 in cash prizes.

LIONFISH CENTRAL

In 2018, FWC organized a Lionfish Summit in Cocoa Beach, Florida, that brought together leading scientists, managers, and activists to assess the problem and offer solutions and strategies

This 501c3 does the work that companies don’t

for future Lionfish warriors. The recently published, 82-page comprehensive report on the summit

like to do, like software development, website

highlights the need for new traps and robotic technologies to stem the invasion, particularly

development, analytics, mapping, content creation,

those that would encourage deep-water commercial fishing, adding lionfish to the catch as a

blogging, and a whole lot more.

way for fishermen to generate income while doing conservation. FWC Report: myfwc.com/

lionfishcentral.org

media/21337/2018lionfishreport.pdf Lionfish remain a massive problem but, without a doubt, the invasion would be far worse without the intervention and leadership of FWC. The Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF; www.reef.org), a pioneer in citizen science-based ocean conservation, has volunteers all over the world. Their members routinely conduct fish population counts during their dives and report the data to REEF. When lionfish appeared in Florida and the Caribbean, leaders like Lad Akins set the stage for early research and response on what has become a massive invasion. Currently, Dr. Alli Candelmo, REEF’s Invasive Species program manager, supervises numerous lionfish derbies in Florida that remove

MONTEREY BAY AQUARIUM SEAFOOD WATCH PROGRAM Helping people make better seafood choices for a healthier ocean. Lionfish is a best choice. seafoodwatch.org

thousands of the critters from the Gulf and the Atlantic each year—and that is still not enough. FWC Report: https://myfwc.com/media/21337/2018lionfishreport.pdf

GUY HARVEY OCEAN FOUNDATION

Executive Summary: https://myfwc.com/media/21338/2018lionfishsummary.pdf Conducts scientific research and hosts educational

COAST WATCH ALLIANCE

programs aimed at marine conservation. guyharvey.com

A 501c3 non-profit organization, founded to help protect our precious marine and coastal resources in

NERITIC DIVING

the Gulf of Mexico and the Western Atlantic Ocean, including fighting the lionfish invasion.

Find equipment for spearing lionfish.

coastwatchalliance.org

neriticdiving.com

70 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

A cookbook by Polly Alford and Claire Wood full of delicious recipes for lionfish or any white fish. amazon.com/Cook-Lionfish-Polly-Alford-ebook/ dp/B0772VVT54

LIONFISH CARIBBEAN JEWELRY Beautiful jewelry made from lionfish fins.

Explaining lionfish anatomy and the threat they pose to local ecosystems.

L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

COOK LIONFISH

lionfishcaribbean.com/lionfish-jewelry

LIONATOR POLE SPEARS

Lionfish University volunteers with freshly caught lionfish.

Find equipment for spearing lionfish. lionatorpolespears.com

NAUTICAL PASCHENS Beautiful, functional lionfish art clothing. nauticalpaschens.com

REEFSAVE A non-profit, volunteer organization that does scientific research, education, and training to implement strategies that protect Western Atlantic and Caribbean reefs from loss of marine life. reefsave.org

REEFSAFE

Lionfish harvested by divers during a lionfish derby.

Oxybenzone-free sun protection products tested safe for coral reefs. reefsafesun.com

ZOOKEPER Lionfish containment units, heat packs to treat stings, spears, and other equipment to fight the lionfish invasion until a natural predator emerges. zkstore.com www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 71

MEHGAN HEANEY-GRIER & STEVE GITTINGS

WHO’S IN CHARGE?

In recent months, there have been reports that

Some people think

Mehgan with a fresh catch of lionfish.

lionfish populations may be declining. The science

lionfish are going deeper.

is unclear, but reports from divers indicate that

But we really don’t have any

something seems to have changed. The question is,

data to confirm that, even though

where is Mother Nature in all of this?

we know the highest densities of lionfish are found

have not been exposed to in their native habitat.

below diver depths of 130-feet-plus. Some say

High levels of crowding may be allowing diseases

numbers in some places are suddenly dropping. We

the lower numbers mean lionfish must be getting

to spread among the fish in the invaded range.

are hearing more and more such reports. For years,

eaten by native species, even if we don’t see much

That happens in all kinds of crowded situations—

we’ve been searching for evidence of predation

evidence of that. If adults aren’t being preyed on,

cattle in feedlots, fish in fish farms, and humans on

by native species like large groupers, barracudas,

perhaps larvae or juveniles are eaten before having

planes, in schools, and so on. Combined with other

sharks, and others. Fishermen have reported seeing

a chance to grow and reproduce. They are almost

natural controls, like predation and food shortages,

lionfish now and then in the stomachs of their

certainly much easier to swallow than the spiny

nature alone could eventually tame this invasive

catch, but not often. We don’t know of any harmful

adult fish. We’ve watched Nassau grouper swallow

beast, or at least declaw it.

parasites that are infesting lionfish in their new

large lionfish that were speared or just coaxed away

habitat. And until recently, no diseases have been

from shelter. Sometimes they go down without

don’t have to be a scientist or salty seafarer to

reported in lionfish invaders. These are things we

any sign of distress by the grouper. Other times, it

know that Mother Nature will have the final word.

might expect from nature. Failing to see natural

takes several seemingly uncomfortable minutes to

Lucky are those who haven’t been at her mercy in

control quickly taking the reins has heightened

get the lionfish to go down without sticking in the

the face of a raging fire, the path of a hurricane,

concerns over the lionfish threat, but ironically, it

grouper’s throat.

or the rush of flood waters. But for lionfish, she

Perhaps a way to answer that is to ask why

has also served to motivate the troops of diver/ harvesters to stay the course.

72 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

Recent reports of skin lesions on lionfish might mean lionfish are being affected by diseases they

But is nature actually regaining control? You

seems to have been fairly slow to join the battle. Lionfish populations grew seemingly unchecked

L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

“We are collectively trying to right our wrongs and become part of the solution rather than remaining part of the problem.”

for decades in most places before showing

stands out so far in this case, however, is the

marking our species’ knack of not always

any signs of waning. For our part, while we

effectiveness of the combined efforts of regular

thinking through the potential consequences of

watched and waited to welcome nature to her

people who care—the dedicated individuals

our often selfish actions. The open ocean makes

rightful command, the dedicated, motley forces

who have socialized their efforts, scientists

control even harder.

of resistance geared up to give her a helping

who saw the need to understand the threat,

hand in solving a problem we admit we started,

regulators who jumped on the problem as soon

to right our wrongs and become part of the

defying the onslaught as best we could.

as they saw it, and entrepreneurs who saw an

solution rather than remaining part of the

opportunity to put their expertise to work as a

problem. So far, we’ve changed spearfishing

driver for solutions.

rules in some places to allow hunting. We

As nature ramps up her efforts on lionfish, we can also consider what lionfish have taught us about our role in finding solutions and taking

To date, all this hard work and collaboration

With lionfish, we are collectively trying

mustered armies of human predators who are

action in other environmental challenges.

has paid off, helping to keep shallow-water

doing a great job controlling lionfish in shallow

Most of us understand that there is a daunting

invasive lionfish populations in check and

water. We told people “Eat ‘em to beat ‘em!,”

complexity to natural systems. Our influence

protecting native ecosystems. Right from the

rallied restaurants to feature this “exotic” species,

on them, and our ability to fix problems is

start, observers reported it, scientists confirmed

enticed people to pay more for this “delicacy”

constantly questioned and ever-changing. But as

it, and a lot of people have been doing whatever

and do their part to save the ocean. We have

we pass eight billion people on the planet, there

they could to fight it.

published tasty recipes in lionfish cookbooks,

is no question that good, bad, or ugly, we have an impact.

We know that the lionfish problem was not

and turned the fish’s beautiful fins into art, all of

too big for humans to start, but is it too big for

it helping people make money and creating jobs while helping control the invasion in the process.

So do we, can we, and are we actually

us to stop without nature intervening? Exotic

making a difference? Absolutely! What we do

species have a way of spreading beyond our

individually every day makes up that collective

control very quickly, making conservation a

lionfish populations in deep water. We hope

impact. As with lionfish, solutions start with

brutal, uphill battle. It happened with zebra

traps will do their part, but the fish have spread

individual decisions to make a difference. Choose

and quagga mussels that changed the Great

so far and wide, it remains to be seen how much

smartly what we buy, support, share, and talk

Lakes’ ecosystems, fire ants that displace native

of a difference deep water fishing can make.

about. And the more we know about new

ants and kill animals that disturb their mounds,

technologies, innovation, and ingenuity, the

European starlings that ravage crops, Asian

hope that Mother Nature will join our efforts to

better the choices we can make.

kudzu that smothers forests, and brown tree

tame this invasion. There are early signs of her

snakes that decimated the birds of Guam. And

intervention. We know from experience that she’s

there are many, many other examples infamously

in for the long haul.

The assault by lionfish certainly ranks toward the top of modern ocean invasions. What

But is that enough? We still haven’t touched

Ultimately, we have to keep up the fight and

www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 73

WHACKIN’ STACK N’

We know lionfish are bad and they must be harvested. We also know

they are good for you and taste great. Currently, scuba divers are the most efficient mechanism to get large quantities of lionfish out of the water. These

ALEXANDER Q. FOGG Marine Resource Coordinator, Okaloosa Count y Board of Count y Commissions, Emerald Coast Convention and Visitors Bureau

months or even years after the event concludes. These divers have become focal points for print and video media, documentaries, and social media. It’s hard to say how the increased frequency and publicity surrounding

same divers are the ones who brag about how many they can catch during a

lionfish derbies affected demand for lionfish in the commercial market, but it

dive, in a day, on a dive trip, and in their lifetime. This affinity for competition

is clear the supply from derbies and divers has not met market demand. Lionfish

blossomed into something that is very common in the fishing world—

derbies provide a surge of lionfish into commercial seafood markets well beyond

tournaments—or derbies as many in the lionfish community call them. These

the collection areas. Now, wholesalers line up at derbies to buy every lionfish that

events didn’t pop up overnight. There was a time in the first few years after

comes in, at a premium price no less, even lionfish only a couple inches long. It

the start of the invasion when groups of divers would get together and hunt

didn’t used to be like this. Without commercial demand, we used to struggle to

lionfish to see who could get the most, the largest, and the smallest. Divers,

find ways to dispose of hundreds, if not thousands of pounds of lionfish.

researchers, managers, nonprofits, and local businesses worked together with the common goal of removing lionfish from local waters. The winner(s) would be

Gradually, local restaurants began purchasing lionfish, but for only about $2.00 per pound in the early days, a price paid for lowly catfish or mullet. Once

awarded enough money to pay their bar tab and maybe cover their registration. There would be coolers sitting around, filled with lionfish, with people bickering about who had to “deal with” disposing of them. Researchers would leave the event with more samples than they could process and some poor soul would have to fillet a ton of lionfish or give up and dispose of them some way. Since those early days, the derby and market worlds have changed dramatically. We have watched lionfish events go from loosely organized Saturday afternoon outings to large events that span months. Many attract hunters from multiple states, and include festivals, concerts, and other events. These derbies also bring in resource management agencies, large wholesalers and retailers, renowned chefs, and generous sponsors. Today, those same derby divers (has a nice ring to it) still compete for the same bragging rights they sought at the beginning of the invasion, but also for tens of thousands of dollars in prizes provided by sponsors. Some have achieved a level of fame that permeates the diving and fishing communities Alex Fogg collecting lionfish data during LRAD. 74 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

restaurants realized lionfish is not only a high quality seafood, but also a major the lionfish market really started to grow, there has been a significant increase in the number of commercial lionfish harvesters and lionfish sales reported and tracked by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Today, lionfish is considered a top quality seafood, highly nutritious, low in mercury and other harmful chemicals, and highly versatile. There are even two dedicated cookbooks. And at $6.50 per pound, the price reflects this high quality and exceeds most other local commercial species of fish. In 2019, the Emerald Coast Open Lionfish Tournament, co-hosted by the Emerald Coast Convention and Visitors Bureau and FWC, removed 14,119 lionfish weighing in at 7,176 lbs. Based on the market price ranging from

L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

hit among patrons, the price and demand began to climb. Since 2013, when

$4.00 to $6.50 per pound, depending on fish size, the total wholesale value of lionfish sold during this two-day event was more than $42,000. If you calculate the retail value from the restaurants that eventually served those lionfish to hungry patrons, the value might be as much as $200,000. Virtually all the lionfish were sold to licensed wholesalers by derby participants who possess the basic Saltwater Products License, which can be bought for a mere $50. I am not an economist or a social scientist but I have seen these fish invade the ecosystem, then the economy, which is perhaps the only part of the invasion that has been positive. Time will tell whether lionfish derbies and the lionfish seafood market will continue to develop; in the meantime, ask for lionfish at your local restaurant and if you are a diver, consider participating in a lionfish derby.

Collecting and sorting lionfish at LRAD.

CONFESSIONS OF A

GARAGINEER

STEVE GITTINGS

of her traps, I noticed that only a few of the lionfish

(FADs) are widely used to increase catch rates. But

invasion, which happens well beyond the reach of

were actually inside them. There were more that

lionfish seemed more tightly associated with the

scuba divers. Reinforcements are needed in the form

hovered over and around the traps. Lionfish

debris than other fish. They were also very docile

of commercial fishing fleets equipped with traps

apparently liked being near the structures, but didn’t

compared to other fish and wouldn’t flee when

designed to catch lionfish in deep water.

seem particularly attracted to the bait inside.

approached.

Spearfishing alone will not defeat the lionfish

Looking back, I guess you could call it a “Double

Eureka!” moment. Sitting at a science conference, listening to talk

I wondered if there might be a way to catch the lionfish outside the trap. Not long after that, I was invited by Stockton

All I needed to do was come up with a device that would attract fish to a structure, then close around them. To avoid the capture of unwanted fish,

after talk after talk is not always as exciting as it

Rush, founder and CEO of OceanGate, to dive in a

it would be baitless as well as a “non-containment”

sounds! So in 2013, as I dutifully squinted at data and

submersible off the southeast coast of Florida to

trap, meaning it would allow fish to come and go

jotted down facts at a fishery conference, Joanna

depths beyond scuba diving limits (about 130 feet).

at will, then trap only those tightly associated with

Pitt talked about her group’s attempts in Bermuda

The seabed between 200 and 400 feet off Fort

the FAD and docile enough to stay in place while a

to modify lobster traps to catch lionfish rather

Lauderdale is mostly sand, interrupted by small

net closed around them. Lionfish is one of the few

than lobsters. It struck me immediately as a perfect

outcrops, scattered sunken boats, a lot of tires (some

species with those traits.

solution. Fishermen could use gear they already own,

of the two million used in a failed attempt to make

I soon became a “garagineer.” As my wife

modify it slightly, fish it during closed seasons for

an artificial reef in the 1970s), and lost fishing gear.

and neighbors watched with amusement, I built

lobster, make money on lionfish, and protect deep

The junk was the key. Hanging out near almost

contraptions in my garage that could test the

every piece was at least one lionfish. The really low

concept I called a “FAD-based, non-containment

Eureka!

profile junk had either no lionfish or small ones. The

curtain trap.” Really rolls off the tongue, no?

And lionfish do come up in lobster traps. But

larger pieces had larger lionfish and more of them.

water ecosystems in the process.

when they do, the traps tend to have what the

Attracting lionfish required vertical structures.

I was obsessed. I woke up all the time thinking about ways to make PVC frames, net curtains, hinges,

fishermen want—lobsters. Those sell for about $10/

Eureka, again!

harnesses, and FADs, and ways to drop traps so they

lb., lionfish for $6.50/lb.

Actually it wasn’t a huge surprise that fish were

would land upright on the bottom.

As Dr. Pitt was showing underwater pictures

76 | www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com

attracted to the structure. Fish Aggregating Devices

I eventually had a prototype we tested in about

whether the traps are worth their time and money.

about anyone could build a frame inexpensively

swam over from nearby artificial reefs within

and without special equipment. Marc Moran (a

minutes of seeing the trap, gradually collecting

teacher and football coach) built the bender that

viable lionfish fishery would be incentive enough

around the FAD. They barely moved as the curtain

did it. Lionfish University, Coast Watch Alliance,

to make the fishing community flock to new

closed around them. No bait—just a FAD—so

ReefSave, Alex Fogg, Holden Harris, Janelle

trap designs. While there is some interest, those

hardly any bycatch (unwanted fish). If larger fish

Fleming, and people in other countries have

who currently catch lionfish are using traps they

like snapper and grouper were nearby, they would

tested different trap models. We know they work

already own—primarily lobster traps—to remain

bolt as the trap began to close. Lionfish stayed. The

well around artificial reefs, but what about natural

cost-effective. Getting their professional input

lack of containment meant fish weren’t under any

reefs? How close do the traps need to be to natural

to test and improve new traps will mean finding

stress until they were brought up. It also left little

reefs to attract lionfish? Do they work better than

ways to supply traps and pay for their time. Only

chance for ghost fishing (trapping fish that are

lobster traps or other fish traps? Do they get any

then will it be possible to attract them to the FADs,

never retrieved) if the trap is lost.

bycatch? How can we make sure they open every

and for the traps to reach their conservation and

time they hit the bottom? Do they drag across

commercial potential.

I had thought that would be it for me. I had demonstrated the concept of the “FAD-based,

the bottom in currents? Could animals become

non-containment curtain trap.” I assumed the

tangled in their float lines?

fishing world would take that idea and convert it to a new fishery built around lionfish. Not so much. It soon became obvious that the

Importantly, for lionfish traps to be legally Regulators want to know that the traps minimize bycatch, ghost fishing, bottom impacts, and

viable trap that could be used commercially.

entanglement risk. Based on the evidence we have

trap models, each with some sort of fatal flaw. Too many fish outside the frame. Too many fish escaping. Lines tangling somewhere on the trap.

to date, they are now convinced enough to at least issue permits for commercial testing. It is on this threshold that we now stand. The concept works. The new traps attract

Too slow through the water. FADs acting like

lionfish more than other fish and seem to catch

wings, causing the trap to land on its side. Always

more lionfish than other traps (though more tests

something. But gradually, the traps improved.

are needed). And they operate well, meaning they

Removing all vertical structure other than the FAD

usually open. Unlike the robotic and electronic

made it descend more easily through the water.

traps that are showing promise, these are fully

I hinged the trap so it would fold like a taco and

mechanical and inexpensive, probably under $100

descend even faster, and added curved deflectors

each if built in bulk. Like all traps, however, for

to the frame to force the trap open when it

fishermen to use them, they also need to figure

touches down. And I rigged the harness to hold

out how to fish the traps—then decide if the cost

the frame closed and keep the fish from escaping.

of new gear is worth it.

At the same time, interest was building. People

At that point, it won’t be garagineering anymore.

used for commercial fishing, permits are required.

prototype would not be enough. I would need a Back to the garage. I went through several

I’ve always hoped that the prospect of a

L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

110 feet of water off Pensacola. It worked! Lionfish

It’s time for the professional fishing

spoke in meetings and conferences about the

community to take the wheel. They will likely

need for traps. I distinctly recall Guy Harvey urging

improve on every aspect of the traps—material

me, “You’ve gotta get this done!” Many asked to

selection, frame design, netting, FADs, lines, etc.

help improve and test the traps. James Morris (a

They can test different deployment and retrieval

NOAA scientist) and I debated FAD and design

options, including weighting of the traps, line and

options. Randy Guthrie (a welder) built the frames

surface float configurations, and connecting many

of the first batch of folding traps. Peter Angelotti

traps together in what they call trawls. They’ll also

(a landscaper) had the great idea of bending rebar

test different soak times in diverse habitats to

into tight loops to create weldless hinges so just

fish as efficiently as possible, ultimately deciding

www.GuyHarveyMagazine.com | 77

CONTR O L L IN G

LIONFISH SOUND WITH

SCOTT NOAKES, UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA

Of course, many of the sounds produced around

The lionfish calls I recorded in the wild were

several years ago when I was invited to dive with

a reef are well below a diver’s ability to hear,

typically much longer than the captive calls with

Coast Watch Alliance offshore Pensacola, Florida.

but those sounds can be amplified through the

upwards of 15 to 20 beats. A call sounds much like

Prior to this dive, my primary experience with

hydrophone. Research has shown that sharks and

someone rapidly hitting a drum multiple times and

lionfish was in the Gray’s Reef National Marine

some fish are attracted to certain types of noise.

then a short pause followed by a final beat. Most

Sanctuary (GRNMS) offshore Georgia where we

Fish have sensory receptors to pick up sound and

fish vocalizations consist of a grunt or two, a burp,

might see only 20 lionfish a year. On that dive

vibration to locate prey, mate, identify danger,

or a series of pops, so the lionfish call is definitely

offshore Pensacola, there were easily over 100

and judge their proximity to objects. Based on

unique and stands out in an acoustical file.

lionfish congregated around a small, three-by-

my knowledge that some marine animals utilize

seven meter artificial reef structure. It was during

sound and my acoustical experience at GRNMS, I

Pensacola proved to be highly successful,

that dive that I realized how bad the lionfish

started asking if lionfish made any sounds and, if

capturing several lionfish calls during multi-

invasion had become and that spearfishing alone

so, would it be possible to turn it against them by

day recordings. By reviewing the acoustical

would not control their population. I also realized

utilizing their calls to help fight the invasion of the

files graphically, the entire file doesn’t have

that lionfish had taken over most of the artificial

southeastern waters.

to be played back to identify calls. Each

My definition of a lionfish problem changed

The hydrophone deployments offshore

sound created underwater is picked up by the

and natural reefs along the Florida panhandle.

Soon after my initial dive offshore Pensacola, I

With this knowledge, I realized this would be a

started deploying the hydrophone in predominantly

hydrophone and is visible in acoustical spikes

good location to conduct acoustical research.

high lionfish populations offshore Pensacola and

shown graphically depending on the sound

the Bahamas to collect lionfish calls in the wild.

amplitude. One of the smallest marine creatures

designed to gain baseline soundscape data,

At the same time, a research group at the NOAA

on a reef, the snapping shrimp, makes up the

which is basically eavesdropping on the reef to

lab in Beaufort, North Carolina, was attempting

majority of the reef noises and its sound is best

assess the biological activity. During that project,

to record the calls of captive lionfish. During

described as bacon frying.

I realized a lot of fish communicate through

agitation, they were able to successfully record

vocalizations such as grunts, thumps, and clicks.

several short calls composing of about five beats.

In 2014, I initiated a research project in GRNMS

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The opportunity also came up to deploy the hydrophone near Green Turtle Cay in the

L I ONF ISH CONU NDRU M

Lionfish Call: Satellite dish near Green Turtle Cay, Bahamas.

Bahamas. As it turned out, this site provided

facility near the UGA campus. Through a series

question as to whether or not the juvenile fish

some of the best lionfish calls to date. Ironically,

of non-invasive tests, the lionfish were exposed

understood or could produce the same calls

the primary deployment site was an old satellite

to my previously recorded lionfish calls as well as

previously recorded in the wild. Further acoustical

dish that had been dropped in approximately 18

reef soundscapes. It is still early in the research

experiments will continue during 2020 in an

feet of water. There were only about 20 lionfish at

effort to fully comprehend the results of the

attempt to clean up the captive lionfish calls and

the site, but they had to compete with numerous

experiment, but the lionfish appeared to respond

monitor their responses.

other fish for space. During one 24-hour period,

to some playback calls with shorter thumps.

over 20 lionfish calls were recorded. In addition

Additionally, Emily recorded some of the lionfish

used in the fight to stop their invasion, but we are

to deploying the hydrophone at the site, a

making the full, multi-beat drumming calls when

getting closer to understanding their behavior.

GoPro camera was mounted on the seafloor and

they were aggravated, primarily when they were

Additional behavioral research is desperately

programmed to take time-lapse photos every five

first moved from their home tank to the larger

needed if there is any hope to control their rapidly

minutes. One of the calls was made at the same

test tank. This breakthrough answered a primary

growing population.

It is not known yet if the lionfish calls can be

time the camera snapped a photo of a lionfish standing guard next to the hydrophone while another fish challenged the territory. Not only was this call very clear, but it also indicated that the lionfish calls were of a defensive nature.

Lionfish Call

Lionfish Call Final Beat

As an extension of my work, I got my daughter Emily involved in lionfish acoustical research. As a soon-to-be senior at the University of Georgia (UGA), double majoring in biology with a marine emphasis and ecology, she spent the summer conducting acoustical research on

Snapping Shrimp

the lionfish. Lionfish University provided a small grant to help jumpstart Emily’s research. Alex Fogg of Okaloosa County, Florida, donated four juvenile lionfish, which were housed at a research

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LAST CAST

HOOKED ON SAILFISH The first Spanish words I learned were cerveza and baño.

most extraordinary islands—the Galapagos archipelago, Isla

That was a primo vocabulary for a 20-year-old college kid

de Cocos, Malpelo Island—as well as hundreds of seamounts,

trekking through Mexico. But it did not prepare me for future

canyons, and conditions that create a perfect habitat for sea

business ventures south of the border.

life. Dr. Nelson Ehrhardt, the longtime and respected fisheries

Case in point, I traveled recently to Guatemala City

expert who recently retired from the University of Miami after

(population: 2.5 million, elevation: 5,030 feet) for a sailfish

a stellar 45-year career, explained (in Spanish, of course) how

conservation symposium. Shortly after I arrived, I was politely

high levels of nutrients ride in on oceanic currents and combine

informed that all of the presentations would be in Español. A

with an ideal combination of salinity, oxygen, and water

couple of early clues for me might have been that: one, I was

temperature, and conspire to make these waters extremely

in a country where every man, woman, and child spoke

hospitable for mahi-mahi, salfish, blue marlin, tuna, black marlin,

Spanish, and two, all of the presenters were from Central

and a host of others. His presentation revealed highly-defined

America.

areas where fish aggregations occur and how those regions slide

Thinking quickly, I conjured up the magical forces

up and down the coastline as the seasons change.

FRED GARTH

of Google. The all-knowing and all-powerful company’s

For the past 25 years, Fred D.

translation software is, as you would expect, amazing.

many years of tagging and tracking and now offer a roadmap

Garth’s articles have appeared in

However, Google Translate was only as effective as my

for regulators to follow in order to keep the ocean vibrante for

numerous books, magazines and

finger-speed on the keyboard and the wifi connection, which

recreational anglers who inject grande amounts of revenue

newspapers around the world.

was surprisingly strong. In addition to Google’s fairy dust, I

into la economía. But, as we know all too well, it’s not only

had some good Karma shining down on me. The organizers

sport fishermen who covet these valuable fish. Many legal and

had seated me next to Ursula Marais, who speaks several

illegal commercial vessels have targeted the ETP for decades,

languages and is the friendly manager of Tropic Star Lodge in

threatening to devastate the ecosystem and, as a result,

Panama. She graciously led me from darkness to the light.

stymie a thriving tourism economy. These are the reasons that

The powerhouse gathering of fishery conservationists was titled the Segundo Foro Centroamericano Público-Privado

regional conservationists are joining forces. The sailfish conference was organized primarily by

para la Protección del Pez Vela y Desarrollo del Sector Turístico

the Guatemala fisheries department and Niels Erichsen,

de la Pesca, which I now know translates to the Second Public-

director of Pacific Fins Resort on Guatemala’s Pacific

Private Central American Forum for Sailfish Protection and

Coast. Representatives traveled from Panama, Costa Rica,

Sector Development of Fishing Tourism. That is an extremely

Nicaragua, Guatemala, and the United States to share their

long title for an extremely important issue: growing tourism

knowledge and discuss ways to collaborate. Perhaps the

by protecting sailfish. Or protecting sailfish in order to grow

most ambitious sailfish conservation programs have been

tourism. Lo mismo. Experts from each country outlined the

implemented in Guatemala, a point Erichsen drove home

conservation programs they have implemented and how to

in his impassioned presentation. For example, it’s against

best coordinate their efforts across the fertile region.

the law to harvest billfish or sell their meat in Guatemala, a

As well-traveled anglers know, the waters of the Pacific

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Ehrhardt’s and others’ studies have been compiled over

transgression that carries a fine of as much as $5,000 dollars

Ocean from Mexico to Columbia are some of the most prolific

and/or jail time. Considering the average wage in Guatemala

fisheries in the world. Known as the Eastern Tropical Pacific

is about $10 per day, penalties that high have shut down the

(ETP), the area encompasses a gathering of some of Earth’s

sale of billfish meat. At least on the open market.

Niels Erichsen of Pacific Fins Resort presents at conference in Guatemala City.

The Guatemalan government determined, quite astutely and with data provided by fishery researchers, that a live billfish generates far more money through tourism than a dead billfish sold only for its meat. It’s the same valid argument that has been used for protecting sharks from mass slaughter. Shark diving and shark fishing are both massive tourism drivers. Shark meat is cheap, not healthy (high mercury levels), and not particularly tasty, although some may argue that mako and a few others can be delicious. The point is, there are other fish that are more sustainable, taste better, and are healthier to eat than sharks and billfish. So, why kill the golden goose or, in this case, billfish and sharks—the biggest ticket draw for sportfishermen?

Niels Erichsen, Dr. Nelson Ehrhardt, Marina Marrari, and Toddy Staley of FECOP in Costa Rica.

While illegal fishing, longlining, and purse seining all remain serious problems in the ETP and across the globe, the good news is that this collaborative effort

negative impression that many Americans have of Central America politics, based on

among Central American countries is gaining momentum. Numerous groups are

today’s skewed media narrative.

focused on protection issues such as CABA (Central American Billfish Association),

The bottom line for the Joe Anglers of the world is that the ETP is, without

BCP (Billfish Conservation Project), OSPESCA (Organization for Fishery Protection in

a doubt, the place to catch a lot of mind-blowing fish, cross a few items off your

Central America), FECOP (Fishing Protection of Costa Rica), not to mention the IGFA

bucket list, and perhaps, enjoy some of the best rum on the planet. Our dollars spent

(International Game Fish Association) and the GHOF (Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation)

on travel contribute directly to the conservation movement and help it to build

that are pitching in as well. In order to ensure that the ETP remains a fishing hotspot,

momentum.

this collaboration and strength in numbers is essential. It’s also paramount that

After the conference, I was fortunate enough to travel to the coast to Puerto

funding pipelines are established to support these programs, which is why global

Quetzal in search of some offshore fishing. Amazingly, in just one day, we caught

organizations like BIOFIN (Biodiversity Financing) attended the conference.

40 sailfish. My brain almost exploded with joy, my soul was fulfilled, but my back

The road to success for achieving a truly sustainable billfish population in the ETP may be long and filled with potholes, but there’s a formidable convoy already

throbbed with pain. But, at least I added two more words to my Spanish vocabulary: farmacia and aspirina.

rolling down that highway. And, it is amazingly impressive to see the clear vision and cooperation among these neighboring countries, especially when you consider the

Next issue: How to Catch 40 Sailfish in One Day!

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GUYHARVE Y.COM

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bahamas trust

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