To Build - Volume 15 I Issue 3

From modern offices and boutique retailers to stylish homes and large-scale commercial sites, Samsung’s Commercial Air Conditioning range is built to deliver efficient comfort wherever it’s needed. With the ability to connect up to 64 indoor units to a single DVM system, it offers a scalable solution designed for projects of any size.

Evenly circulates air & cools every corner

Catalogue 2023

Comfortably cool, not unpleasantly cold

Bladeless Design

The blades of a conventional 4-way cassette type air conditioner create an unpleasant air flow that feels like a cold draft*. The 360 Cassette has a bladeless design, so cool air disperses gently and descends across the room like a natural wind, making people feel comfortably cool without the sensation of a cold draft on their skin**. As there are no blades to block the air flow, especially at low angles, it expels 25% more air* and spreads it farther, which means you can quickly enjoy a more comfortable environment across a wider area.

Designed to cool every corner evenly, the 360 Cassette features a circular, bladeless outlet that disperses air in all directions, eliminating uncomfortable hot and cold spots often experienced with traditional air conditioners. A built-in Booster Fan ensures airflow remains consistent across a wide area

* Based on internal testing compared to a general 4-way cassette air conditioner.

by releasing cool air parallel to the ceiling, even at low angles. Its elegant circular design complements exposed ceilings and modern interiors, while the intuitive LED display and wireless remote give users full control over direction and airflow strength.

4-way WindFree™ Cassette

Perfect for workspaces and areas with varying occupancy, the 4-way WindFree™ Casette features an optional Motion Detect Sensor that helps reduce energy use by shifting to WindFree™ mode when no movement is detected.

Ducted Units

A check-valve-equipped drain pump prevents backflow, while easily detachable blades allow for quick cleaning and ongoing hygiene. The lightweight construction also simplifies handling and installation, making it a practical choice for busy job sites.

Samsung’s ducted range offers adaptable installation with high-performance results. The MSP Duct features a compact 900 mm width, built-in purification system, and quick access to internal components for simplified servicing. Its optional high lift-up drain pump allows for greater flexibility when planning installation, especially in tight spaces. The Slim Duct, with its discreet 199 mm height, blends seamlessly into low ceilings and concealed areas, offering quiet and efficient airflow without compromising aesthetics.

For larger zones or longer duct runs, the HSP Duct delivers high-capacity performance with built-in intelligence. It automatically adjusts fan speed based on external static pressure, ensuring efficient airflow with minimal noise. Its powerful air volume travels farther and faster, making it ideal for cooling or heating wide or distant areas. With Auto ESP and Easy Tuning, installers save time on manual setup while maintaining consistent comfort. Plus, 3-way service access and a slide-fit cover make it easy to maintain wherever it’s installed

Gareth Griffiths editor@tobuild.co.za

To Build

Gareth note EDITOR’S

September has come and Spring is in the air. We are hopeful. Longer days, shorter nights. It means different things to people living in different regions but for some a glad farewell to months of rainy and overcast conditions. South Africa is spread over seven climatic zones, as far as building design is concerned, so understandably it means different things to different people.

Whatever your climatic zone, To Build is here to coach you through spring and into summer, with some hot ideas to get your property ready for the long days ahead. Our Spring 2025 colour contributions will be your best friend as you plan to get your space ready for year-end. We have timely advice on your outdoor life - entertainment areas, outdoor furniture, accessories, outdoor kitchens, braais and an extensive feature on timber construction. Be informed about your options for wooden decks, entertainment areas, fire regulations and some awesome advice on wood countertops courtesy of the Kitchen Specialists Association.

For business readers, there are insightful legal opinion-pieces regarding the property and construction industries and other professional articles by our esteemed writers. There’s also a hot-off-the-press selection of exciting architectural projects. For example, you can read about how the Vodacom Century City Regional HQ rose again from the ashes, following a serious rooftop electrical-fault fire.

Talking hard construction, one of the most damning reports in the construction industry yet was issued in July by the Council for the Built Environment. It highlights bad errors of judgement and simple non-compliance with the regulations at the tragic multistorey George building site collapse in May 2024, resulting in the loss of 34 lives and many serious injuries. Investigations have led to detailed reports on this topic, but sadly, in the words of esteemed construction health and safety researcher, Prof. John Smallwood: “Construction is challenging, however, competency, accompanied by, among others, strategies, systems, procedures, and protocols, assures healthy, safe, and conforming (quality) infrastructure, buildings, and structures.” Notably, these are all issues of management. When will the industry learn?

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What does it require?

36 Phoenix-like transformation for Vodacom HQ

ENGINEERING

42 Nothing goes to waste in the Mother City

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

44 Large investment in infrastructure boosts eThekwini

ADVERTORIAL: EVA-LAST

50 Choosing the right deck

CONSTRUCTION

52 Progress on the Karreebosch Wind Farm

CONSTRUCTION LEGAL - OPINION

54 Worse than cutting the red tape

CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS

56 Elevating luxury living in Eye of Africa Estate

ELECTRICAL

58 Earth leakage devices: a critical choice

62 Amanuel Gebremeskel: The man and the job

STEEL ROOFING & CLADDING

64 Steel roofing and cladding –reaching for the sky

INSULATION

68 Balancing sustainability with fire safety and compliance

72 Technical bulletin: SANS 53501-1 migration

ADVERTORIAL: KNAUF INSULATIONS

73 Achieving home energy efficiency through proper insulation

BRICKS AND WALLS

74 Used bricks: Recycle, reuse and repurpose

FLOORING

77 Durable flooring solution for citrus exporter

COATINGS & COLOUR

78 Master the art of colour in Spring 2025

FEATURE: TIMBER

82 Timber 101: Wood and the built environment

TIMBER: KITCHENS

89 Wooden countertops: The basics

HOME AUTOMATION

94 The heart of the conscious home

ADVERTORIAL: FOURWAYS GROUP

96 Precision cooling at Paserene

BATHROOMS

98 Pimp your tiny bathroom - feel joy

GREEN BUILDING: PEOPLE

100 Heralding green culture change

OUTDOOR FEATURE

102 Natural pools: where nature does the work

OUTDOOR FURNITURE

104 Outdoor and patio furniture in SA

DIY GARDENS

108 Get ready for the big summer SA-style

To Build

PUBLISHER

Elroy van Heerden Mays elroy@mediaxpose.co.za

EDITOR (& IMAGING)

Gareth Griffiths editor@tobuild.co.za

SUB-EDITOR

Kim Kay

CONTENT MANAGER

Wadoeda Adams artwork@mediaxpose.co.za

EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS

Amanuel Gebremeskel & Dennis White

Andrew Dickson Bryan Hack Cebelihle Mthethwa & Alomé Pieterse Des Schnetler

Lucinda Bosch

Joanna Miller

Patty Mulauzi

PJ Veldhuizen

Stephanie Forbes Thabang Byl

Warren Papier

DESIGN & LAYOUT

Shaun van Heerden Mays | Anja Bramley | Tia Arendse

NATIONAL SALES MANAGER

Rene van Heerden rene@mediaxpose.co.za

PROJECT MANAGER

Samantha Morrison samantha@tobuild.co.za

ADVERTISING SALES

Jacqui Marsh jacqui@tobuild.co.za

Lindie van den Abeele lindie@mediaxpose.co.za

DIGITAL DEPARTMENT

Richard van Staden

Juhi Rampersad

Kyla van Heerden

ADMIN ASSISTANT

Ketsia Makola ketsia@mediaxpose.co.za

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Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the publisher or its agents. While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information published, the publisher does not accept responsibility for any error or omission contained herein. Consequently, no person connected with the publication of this journal will be liable for any loss or damage sustained by any reader as a result of action following statements or opinions expressed herein. The publisher will give consideration to all material submitted, but does not take responsibility for damage or its safe return.

Spoiled for choice at

Decorex 2025

Decorex Cape Town this year raised the bar on their already spectacular showing to the point that it was difficult to decide which stands to feature. In the end it came down to the editor’s walkabout and which stands caught his eye the best!

Stadl Art:

A remarkable display of copper, glass, bakelite, bronze all recycled into art. The Stadl steampunk design atelier says it gives the buyer an opportunity to purchase investment art specifically designed for a very special, innovative art loving group of people. @stadl_art

A&TG Ekasi Bags:

Based in Gugulethu, the A&TG Ekasi Bag company says it is a vibrant gateway to African heritage. The bags are hand crafted using African print fabrics ensuring that each piece is unique. Perfect for holding tools of the trade for architects and designers who are on the move. @antgekasibags

Mink design and collaborators: A model student apartment that glows with colour. @minkdesign_

Ananta Studio with Ald James Vos, Cape Town Municipality:

Ananta says it offers joyful designs that celebrate culture through craft. @studioananta_

Outdoor wedding?

Try this unusual concept by designer hospitality company Kraak of Paarl. Hannes van Kraak says that even a corporate event does not have to have white pleather couches and branded cushions.

Hannes says he grew up on a farm playing with mud, inspiring this unique concept. Well, judging by the ingenious use of mud for table coverings, cutlery handles and chairs, we have to hope the outdoor event does not suffer from a rainshower! Weather notwithstanding, 10/10 for originality. @kraak.co.za

To Build and SA Building Review: Top news of the trade in these sibling architecture, design, engineering and decor magazines from the @MediaXpose publishing stable. Media sponsors at Decorex. @sa_building_review @to_build_publication

Global outdoor

kitchen trends

Spring news: prepare your home for the coming South African summer - outdoors, of courseincluding food preparation areas.

Saurabh Chauhan

Decorative finishes and laminates company Greenlam (www.greenlamsa.com) shares with us how outdoor kitchens have become one of the most sought-after lifestyle features worldwide.

These reflect a growing desire to blur the boundaries between indoor and outdoor living. No longer restricted to basic grills, these areas now include fully equipped spaces for cooking, dining, and entertainment that combine functionality with elegant design.

Recent design reports researched by the company show that outdoor kitchens now rank among the top five home improvement investments worldwide, signifying their shift from luxury to mainstream.

“This evolution has driven demand for materials that combine performance and aesthetics. Greenlam Stratus Compact Countertops, engineered for outdoor use, answer this call perfectly,” says a company spokesperson.

Trending: A shift towards outdoor living

Architectural trends worldwide are embracing larger outdoor living spaces. From Mediterranean-inspired terraces to modern urban rooftops, outdoor kitchens now play a key role in home design. This is driven by:

• Lifestyle Integration: Open-plan concepts flow seamlessly from interiors to exteriors.

• Entertaining at Home: Post-pandemic living has placed renewed emphasis on outdoor social spaces.

• Sustainable Materials: Eco-conscious homeowners favour long-lasting, lowmaintenance surfaces.

As outdoor living continues to grow worldwide, design experts anticipate higher demand for engineered surfaces that combine luxury with durability.

The company says its compact countertops meet these needs, providing a weather-proof, low-maintenance solution that complements contemporary outdoor aesthetics.

Internationally, designers are prioritising

• Minimalist lines: Slim, seamless worktops that enhance architectural minimalism.

• Natural textures: Stone and concretelook finishes remain highly popular for outdoor settings.

• Mixed-use zones: Outdoor kitchens integrated with dining bars and lounge areas.

The company believes that its surfaces reflect these trends, providing modern elegance with engineered durability.

EFFICIENT & STYLISH FIREPLACES & BRAAIS WITH MINIMAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Food for thought

At Decorex Cape Town, one stand caught the eye of the outdoorsperson. With a playful yet practical approach, the creators of the Donkey LongTong showed how South Africa’s beloved braai is getting a design-led upgrade.

Forget flimsy braai tools. The Donkey Long Tong (www.donkeylongtong.co.za) is engineered for serious fire-handling, making light work of hot coals and heavy logs. It's a must-have for backyard pitmasters and bushveld chefs alike. The range includes bespoke leather carry bags and various supporting paraphernalia for your braai out of cellphone range, as the supplier puts it. Try it out when you are next in the wilds!

And the name? We won’t spell it out, but it’s got a cheeky play on words written all over it.

Boertjie Boma

Elevate your outdoor cooking with the Boertjie Boma. This durable, versatile braai system features adjustable height, automatic rotating motor, and easy cleanup. Perfect for braais, potjies, and spit braais. Personalise it with engravings for a unique touch.

Price: R2,650.00

082 784 0597 | 012 980 5040

sales@boertjieboma.co.za

Argentinian / Santa Maria designed braais

Crafted with precision, our braais are made from premium mild or stainless steel, ensuring durability and style. Let our master braai designer bring your vision to life - whether you're dreaming of a classic setup or a show-stopping centrepiece. Optional extras are available. Dream it, and we bring it to life. We custom-make to suit your budget.

www.breedtbraais.co.za

072 328 1062

breedtbraais@gmail.com

Beyond function:

Surfaces that tell a story

Innovation, material artistry, and sustainability converge in a Johannesburg studio redefining surface design in South Africa. Through handcrafted finishes and the inventive use of LimesiteTM, Wolkberg Casting Studios is shaping the future of bespoke interiors.

Wolkberg

Founded with a vision to push the boundaries of cast surfaces, Wolkberg is known for pioneering LimesiteTM — a high-performance, cement-based composite. Combining strength, versatility, and aesthetic appeal, LimesiteTM enables the creation of surfaces that are both functional and visually distinctive. From sleek kitchen counters to statement wall tiles, each piece transforms a space while delivering durability for modern living.

Each surface is poured, finished, and detailed by hand, making every piece unique. This artisanal process is combined with contemporary design thinking, resulting in products that are both timeless and forward-looking. It’s an approach that enables the company to serve a wide range of clients, including homeowners looking to elevate their interiors to architects and designers specifying custom finishes for luxury hotels, retail spaces, and offices.

Every surface is poured, finished, and detailed by hand, ensuring that no two pieces are ever quite the same.

Exquisite finishes

Wolkberg’s tiles are available in exquisite finishes, including the Silk Finish, which lends a soft, luxurious sheen to the surface, and the Dimension Finish, which adds subtle texture and depth, creating a visually striking effect. These finishes further enhance the unique character of LimesiteTM, allowing clients to tailor their surfaces to suit their specific design vision.

The studio’s work is showcased in an impressive range of projects across South Africa. Notable installations include customdesigned lobby surfaces for commercial developments, elegant bathroom suites in boutique hotels, and personalised kitchen counters that serve as statement pieces in modern homes. Each project reflects a focus on innovation, quality, and long-lasting visual appeal.

The approach

Believing surfaces should do more than function, Wolkberg designs to inspire connection and tell a story.

Sustainability is central to the studio’s ethos. Materials are sourced with care, and every stage of production is designed to minimise environmental impact. Waste is reduced, and all design decisions are guided by a commitment to longevity, ensuring that Wolkberg surfaces remain beautiful and durable for decades. This dedication to environmental responsibility has earned the company a 4-Star Eco Label Rating, a recognised standard that adds value to green building initiatives and offers peace of mind to ecoconscious clients.

Looking ahead, the company continues to explore new forms, colours, and applications for LimesiteTM, with plans to expand its product lines and collaborate with both local and international design talent. These developments promise to keep the brand at the forefront of design innovation, while staying true to its foundations of quality, craft and sustainability.

Open invitation

For those wishing to experience Wolkberg’s work firsthand, the studio’s Johannesburg space offers visitors the opportunity to see, touch, and discuss the possibilities of LimesiteTM with the team.

Brookfield at Royal

Established in 1890, the Royal Johannesburg and Kensington Golf Club is widely recognised as the “home of golf” in South Africa. The club hosts the PGA of South Africa, the Gauteng Senior Golfer’s Society, the Club Managers Association of South Africa and, now, it’s also at the heart of an exciting new residential development.

Gareth Griffiths Sean Gibson

Set within the estate’s lush, green precinct near Sandringham, Brookfield at Royal is a new luxury apartment development that blends modern design with natural surroundings. Conceived by dhk Architects and developed by Tricolt, the project transforms previously unused land bordering the golf course’s green belts and waterways into an elegant residential offering.

Brookfield offers one-, two- and threebedroom apartments, ranging from 38m² to 154m² penthouses. The development is being built in phases, with completion expected by December 2025. Once finished, it will comprise approximately 290 units.

Designed to harmonise with its sensitive environment, the development embraces the principles of urban sustainability and green living. Residents enjoy access to world-class amenities, scenic landscapes, and the prestige of living adjacent to one of South Africa’s most iconic golf estates.

Developer’s brief

According to Peter Fehrsen, co-founding partner at dhk Architects, Tricolt’s brief for Brookfield at Royal was to “conceptualise a luxurious residential experience that bridges the gap between the past and the present.” The outcome is an elegant, contemporary estate rooted in thoughtful design and a deep sensitivity to its golf course setting.

Key design features

Targeted at homebuyers seeking a secure, modern lifestyle close to amenities, Brookfield’s layout takes advantage of a long, sloping site that borders the golf course. The estate is arranged linearly, following the land’s natural contours and offering uninterrupted green views.

Each block comprises three-storey walkup structures grouped into clusters of six to eight units. A mix of two-bedroom apartments on the lower levels and loft-style units above ensures variety for different buyer needs. All loft units feature split-level living, with bedrooms and living areas on separate floors to maximise space and privacy.

Architecturally, the development stands out with its combination of pitched and flat roofs. The signature pitched roofs are clad

in slate-grey standing-seam steel, flanked by red brick and white-painted plaster walls, creating a dynamic visual rhythm. Open gables house entrances and stairs, while opposite gables feature steel-and-glass balconies overlooking the fairways.

Private balconies include vertical brick barbecue columns for added functionality and privacy, with twin steel chimney pipes crowning each unit, a recurring motif that lends a distinct identity to the estate.

Brookfield at Royal merges golf-side serenity with highend urban design, elevating luxury apartment living in Johannesburg’s leafy suburbs.

Materials

The use of red brick and plaster alongside steel and glass achieves a refined balance of tradition and modernity at Brookfield at Royal.

This thoughtful material palette reflects the estate’s natural surroundings, trees, gardens, dam, and golf course, while slate-grey steel details pay tribute to the historic Royal Johannesburg clubhouse.

Locally sourced where possible, these materials express both architectural continuity and a commitment to sustainable, sitesensitive design.

Landscape architecture

The landscape architecture and landscaping for the Brookfield estate was by Dino de Abreu of Novo Landscape and Golf Course Architecture (www.novolgca.com) in which particular emphasis was put on surface water quality management and wildlife habitat creation, which also applies to the entire golf course.

Social connections, security and sustainability

Brookfield residents automatically receive golf club membership and exclusive access to the new Brookfield Private Clubhouse. Nestled among mature trees beside a tranquil dam, the clubhouse offers top-tier amenities, including a swimming pool, braai and picnic facilities, and a timber deck overlooking preserved wetlands.

With abundant birdlife and scenic trails for walking, cycling and running, it brings a parkland lifestyle to the city. Architecturally, the clubhouse echoes the design language of the Royal Johannesburg restaurant and the adjacent residential development, creating visual harmony and a seamless connection between leisure, nature and contemporary living.

Environment first

In its fourth and final phase, the Brookfield development is nestled within a lush landscape of mature trees, natural water pools and abundant birdlife. The design carefully preserves the natural surroundings, conserving the existing ecosystem while integrating scenic trails and greenery throughout.

A water attenuation dam, stocked with fish, enhances biodiversity and serves as a vibrant bird habitat. Inside each unit, windows and doors are strategically placed to maximise natural light and ventilation, reducing the need for artificial lighting and air conditioning while promoting resident wellbeing.

Energy-efficient fittings and reliable back-up water and power supplies are standard across the development. Brookfield combines sustainable living with elegant design, as it is, located on the grounds of a premier golf courses,

Interior climate is regulated by insulation

According to the architects, insulation of the roof and walls within the units is achieved by means of mineral wool batts and Isoboard ceilings. Double skin brick cavity walls are not insulated and in select verticals the outer brick walls are clad using pre-painted AZ150 steel sheeting in profile Saflok 700.

Location is everything

The luxury Brookfield development enjoys a prime location near top private schools, hospitals, six major shopping malls and a range of dining options. With close proximity to OR Tambo International Airport and convenient access to key highways, it offers exceptional connectivity, making it a smart choice for discerning investors.

Professional team

Client: Tricolt

Architects: dhk

Project manager: Davidoff

Office administrator: Davidoff

Main contractor: Tricolt

Structural engineers: BSM

Civil engineers: Ceenex

Quantity surveyors: Tricolt

Landscape architect: Novo LGCA

Fire, wet services & mechanical: FENCO, WSM and Curries

Electrical engineers: Aftek

The Bateleur:

Blending urban energy with suburban calm

Discover The Bateleur: a sculptural high-rise in Sandhurst that fuses organic architecture with panoramic views, offering serene suburban living just steps from Sandton’s urban pulse. A bold new benchmark in luxury residential design and spatial harmony.

The Bateleur is a high-rise residential development in Sandhurst, just 500m from Sandton’s CBD. Designed by AMA Architects and developed by the Landmark Consortium, it embodies a synthesis of urban energy and suburban calm. Inspired by organic forms, its curvilinear architecture echoing ripples, waves, and the wingspan of a Bateleur eagle enhances orientation and maximises views over treetops and the Highveld horizon. The building’s sculptural form balances privacy with openness, offering both secluded outlooks and sweeping vistas. Positioned between Sandton’s commercial core and Sandhurst’s leafy avenues, The Bateleur occupies a transitional zone, integrating landscape and luxury. It stands as a refined model of contemporary living, where architectural elegance meets spatial harmony in one of Johannesburg’s most prestigious neighbourhoods.

To the west, it remains nestled within the peaceful, tree-lined avenues of Sandhurst, an area traditionally characterised by spacious residential plots and woodland garden landscapes. The development thus occupies a transitional space, allowing residents to enjoy the efficiency and connectivity of the city centre while preserving the sense of seclusion naturally associated with leafy suburban life. Interior architecture and spatial planning further emphasise this dialogue between energy and calm. Each apartment layout has been carefully designed to optimise space, ensure privacy, and enhance both functionality and aesthetic sophistication.

The design features curved motifs within interior walls, ceiling bulkheads, and kitchen counters, creating a seamless

connection between the external form and internal spaces. The interiors are carefully curated with a material palette that contrasts matte and gloss finishes, as well as warm and cool tones, to produce tactile and visual harmony. The interior schemes are designed to balance contrast and cohesion, resulting in spaces that are both expressive and restrained.

Through its architectural expression and urban positioning, The Bateleur exemplifies a contemporary model of luxury residential development in Johannesburg. It highlights the importance of architectural form, landscape integration, and soulful materiality, all expressed within an environment that is both connected to the urban core and sheltered within a naturalistic, suburban setting.

High-performance educational hubs:

What does it require?

Interior architect Lucinda Bosch believes that educational spaces are transforming into hybrid, technologyconnected, and emotionally intelligent environments. We asked her to explain how the developing STADIO campus near Durbanville exemplifies that future.

BPAS (renderings) and Lucinda Bosch

An associate at Bsense Interior Architecture (www.bsenseinterior.co.za), a division of BPAS Architects, Lucinda is the designer of the new library planned for this exciting new campus.

The overall project by BPAS (www.bpas.co.za) is part of a comprehensive new higher education campus currently being built in the Western Cape. Lucinda believes the key lies in rethinking what “high performing” truly means in education.

So what does it take to create a library that students truly want to use?

“Traditionally, libraries have been rigid, linear spaces – rows of desks and silent corners,” she explains. “We wanted to shift that. Our goal is to create spaces that support students functionally, emotionally and spatially –places that feel like they belong.”

The space includes collaboration pods, acoustically separated quiet zones, and a prominent biophilic atrium with comfortable seating to promote informal interaction and relaxation – all designed to enhance student performance and foster connection.

“We design to support productivity, adaptability, and wellbeing,” Bosch says. “That means considering zoning and flow, acoustics, lighting, ergonomics, and inclusivity from the outset. A high-performing space is one that works hard for its users – not just aesthetically, but practically and behaviourally.”

Q&A with the architect

About the architect: “I started my journey at BPAS Architects in 2022. Then I moved to Bsense Interior Architecture. Same creative DNA, just with a more detailed and interior-focused twist.”

What are the key differences between designing an interior for educational purposes and designing an office space?

Educational spaces need to be more adaptable, inclusive, and resilient, accommodating different learning styles and age groups. Meanwhile, office design concentrates more on workflow, brand identity, and creating an environment that boosts productivity and comfort for a specific team.

Could you please tell us more about how adapting space can meet changing academic needs? Is there a similarity with ‘agile design’ or is that a completely different approach? How does an educational space accomplish this?

Yes, educational spaces share many similarities with agile design. They need to adapt to new teaching methods, technology, and group sizes. This is achieved through flexible layouts, modular furniture, and multi-purpose zones that can easily shift as needs evolve.

And to which age groups do these design concepts apply?

We mainly design for students aged 18 and above. Unlike younger learners who require more structure and supervision, older students benefit from flexible, autonomous spaces that mirror real-world settings and foster collaboration, focus, and social connection.

In the case of educational buildings, how do administrative spaces fit into the overall interior design?

Administrative spaces are crucial to the flow of a campus; they support operations behind the scenes. They’re strategically placed for accessibility, designed for focus and privacy, while still enabling smooth communication with academic staff.

Often, educational hubs fall into the trap of over-cluttering or using fixed layouts that limit flexibility. Poor acoustics are another common oversight. “We address this in the library through layered zoning, clear circulation paths, and modular furniture that can evolve with the space,” she adds.

The approach

This approach enables the space to adapt to changing academic needs without losing its core identity. In aiming for timeless design, Bsense has employed neutral palettes, high-quality materials, and clever use of STADIO’s brand colours through adaptable features like accent walls or custom joinery.

In effect, the space is designed considering user behaviour.

“We’ve learned that students often prefer to work outside of formal classrooms, so we create ‘pause zones’ and transitional spaces where informal learning can happen,” says Lucinda.

BPAS Architecture, has experience in the education sector that includes projects for multiple Curro schools and other STADIO campuses. Therefore, they have gained deep insight into how students and staff interact with space.

This approach enables the space to adapt to changing academic needs without losing its core identity.

Materials

Practical insights have also influenced choices of furniture and materials. “In educational settings, you can’t just use beautiful soft seating. Rather, it needs to be durable and vandal-resistant. It’s about designing for the reality of how the space will be used”, she says.

Cross-disciplinary collaboration: essential One of BPAS Architecture’s stated strengths is its divisions that support a comprehensive, integrated approach by combining architecture, interiors, landscaping, and planning under one roof. This teamwork enables early interventions that enhance flexibility and flow.

“The Bsense team will sit with the BPAS architects and ask: can we open up this volume? Can we add glass partitions or movable dividers? Those early conversations make all the difference,” Lucinda explains.

“Retrofits are difficult and expensive. For a project like this to succeed, interior thinking has to start early.

“Beyond building function, we want students and staff to feel valued, inspired, and welcome. That’s the real power of design.”

Project teamSTADIO Durbanville

Owner/developer: STADIO

Architects: BPAS Architects

Interior architects: Bsense

Landscaping: TruForm Landscape Architects

Engineering: KLS Consulting Engineers

Quantity surveyors: Calcoli Projects

Project management and principal agent: BPAS Architects

A story of

PASSION, PURPOSE & INTERIORS

Cassandra Interiors turns lived experience into inspired design – crafting soulful spaces rooted in passion, resilience, and purpose.

Cassandra Ngcobo was born and raised in Mofolo South, Soweto. She is the founder of Cassandra Interiors, a business born not out of privilege or formal training, but from a deep love and natural flair for interior spaces. “My journey started long before I had the tools or knowledge,” she says. “It began with curiosity, creativity, and a relentless desire to see beauty in everyday surroundings.”

She officially launched Cassandra Interiors in 2008, when becoming an interior designer felt like an impossible dream. “I

had no formal background, no capital, and no clients waiting at my door, but I had vision,” explains Cassandra. “I was drawn to beautiful spaces, textures, and how a room could make you feel just by the way it was arranged or styled. And I knew this was the path I was meant to follow.”

In 2013, after becoming a mother and taking time to care for her daughter, Cassandra found the courage to pursue her passion seriously. With her daughter’s first birthday approaching, she decided to step into the unknown even though she lacked funding,

connections, or formal qualifications in design. “What I had was determination, and I had a plan.”

Cassandra began by observing the challenges people around her faced when decorating or furnishing their homes.

“Many didn’t know where to start, who to trust, or how to turn their vision into reality,” she recalls. “I recognised that gap and committed myself to filling it.”

Cassandra built her business on resourcefulness. She made it her mission

to become the person clients could trust — someone who could help them source pieces, organise their spaces, and bring clarity where there was once confusion. “I believe this is one of my greatest strengths: I listen deeply, stay aware of trends and needs, and position myself as a solution rather than just a service.”

Long before social media made international trends easily accessible, Cassandra spent time researching interior designers across Europe — studying their work, understanding their use of textures, colours, and flow. “I visited local libraries, read design books, and absorbed as much knowledge as I could,” she says. “I equipped myself with the tools I needed to become not just a designer, but a professional in the industry. I learned about design styles, mood boards, colour psychology, and supplier sourcing. I built my business on strategy, substance, and soul.”

And because of that tenacity, Cassandra Interiors has grown to offer a wide range of services, including:

• Interior fittings

• Furniture sourcing

• 3D renders

• Space planning

• Budget planning for renovation projects and contractors

“Each project is intensely personal to me. I don’t just craft spaces — I craft experiences,” explains Cassandra. “My work involves transforming my clients’ identities, stories, and aspirations into environments that are practical, beautiful, and uniquely theirs.”

Now, after over a decade in business, Cassandra is proud to bring her vision full circle… back home. “I’m opening my showroom in Dube, Soweto, at 2974

Masilo Street, not far from where I first found my passion for interiors.” This move is about more than just location; it’s about reconnecting with the original fire that burned within Cassandra as a teenager. “The fire that made me believe that the home is a sacred space, deserving of beauty, comfort, and creativity.”

Cassandra remembers how growing up, she was surrounded by homes with similar furniture, often inspired by the French and Italian pieces their grandmothers admired in the homes of the women they worked for. “That influence shaped many black South African households, often unknowingly, from ornamental coffee tables to deep mahogany cabinets,” she says. “I see this history as part of our design identity, and I aim to honour that legacy while also evolving it to reflect modern African creativity and global excellence.”

Cassandra Interiors is more than just about aesthetics — it is about purpose-driven design. It aims to help people, especially in underrepresented areas, see that design is not a luxury but a tool for wellness, pride, and

function. It focuses on creating spaces that tell stories and support lives.

“My journey has taught me that you don’t need a perfect start to build something meaningful. All you require is a deep love for what you do, a willingness to learn, and the heart to serve others with integrity,” explains Cassandra. “Today, I stand as a testament to that — a Soweto-born woman who took a dream with no roadmap and turned it into a business that continues to grow, inspire, and give back.”

If you ever find yourself in Dube, remember there is a door open to you at Cassandra Interiors — where every space begins with a story, and every design concludes with purpose.

In the heart of

Ravenna

TO BUILD features Italian style as insiration in every edition. Read about this remarkable boutique hotel makeover in Byzantine art-rich city, Ravenna.

Gareth Griffiths

Bianca Venturelli

A newly refurbished contemporary hotel has opened in a restored noble villa, taking its name from the ancient church of Santa Maria Foris, dating back to 1261. A fragment of the original church remains visible above the entrance, offering a historic touchpoint to this modern retreat.

With just 12 elegantly appointed rooms, the hotel blends Byzantine heritage with contemporary Italian design and bespoke hospitality.

Renowned Milan-based architect, Alvin Grassi, led the interior transformation, creating spaces that speak a refined, modern language while respecting the building’s historic character. The design features clean lines, premium materials, and thoughtfully curated decorative accents to ensure a sense of luxury and continuity throughout.

Lighting, a defining feature of the aesthetic, was fully curated by QU (www.qu-lighting.co), a leader in Italian technical and decorative lighting design. This expert touch adds a layer of ambience and sophistication to every space.

Each room is unique, dressed in fine fabrics and designer elements, crafted with meticulous attention to detail. The result is an intimate, boutique experience, perfect for travellers seeking culture, style, and quiet elegance in the heart of Italy.

True to the host city, Santa Maria Foris is a refined and timeless boutique hotel, where every detail tells a story and every stay is designed as a bespoke experience, as per the designer.

From flame to frame

Style meets function in this bold, custom-built fireplace by Thermo Fires. Sleek steel, stackable glass doors, and bespoke craftsmanship combine to create a stunning centrepiece that’s as efficient as it is elegant.

Thermo Fires believes that a fireplace should be more than just a source of warmth – it should serve as the focal point of any living space. This custom-built fireplace frame with stackable glass doors perfectly reflects the company’s dedication to combining form and function in every design.

This particular unit features a sleek black steel frame paired with stackable glass doors, creating a clean, modern appearance while preserving the rustic charm of the exposed brickwork.

The glass panels not only frame the fire beautifully but also enhance efficiency by containing heat, reducing wood usage, eliminating smoke spillage, and ensuring safety without compromising the visual appeal of an open flame.

The stackable design allows the doors to be fully or partially opened, giving complete control over the fire experience whether one prefers the cosy crackle of an open hearth or wishes to maximise heat retention with the doors closed.

Crafted with precision, the fireplace showcases Thermo Fires’ bespoke craftsmanship. Every element of the design, from the dimensions to the finishing details, was tailored to the client’s unique specifications. The bold, custom frame integrates seamlessly into the brick surround, enhancing the overall aesthetic while ensuring lasting durability.

What truly distinguishes Thermo Fires is its versatility in design and manufacturing. No matter if you are looking for a standard fireplace solution or a fully bespoke, oneof-a-kind unit is required, the team brings each vision to life. From modern, minimalist styles to classic, traditional builds, Thermo Fires has the expertise to craft fireplaces that meet precise functional and aesthetic needs.

This custom frame with stackable doors is more than a fireplace: it’s an experience. It transforms the room into a warm, welcoming space where family and friends can gather, creating lasting memories around the glow of the fire.

Thermo Fires doesn’t just build fireplaces. It creates statements. Whatever the dream fireplace looks like, Thermo Fires can bring it to life, from standard solutions to bespoke masterpieces crafted exclusively for each client.

(021) 981 1988 info@thermofires.co.za www.thermofires.co.za

Phoenix-like

transformation for Vodacom HQ

Vodacom HQ’s atrium has undergone a remarkable transformation. A fire to the roof of the Vodacom Regional Headquarters in Century City in July 2023 caused substantial damage to the large central atrium and surrounding interior spaces. KMH Architects (www.kmh.co.za), having previously worked on sections of the office wings, was commissioned to oversee the reimagining and refurbishment of the space.

The damage

Falling embers from the roof, ceiling, and skylight damaged several areas. This included damage to the large glass floor water feature beneath which the Century City canal flowed. Other affected areas included the portecochère and various communal spaces.

The concept

While evaluating the scope of the refurbishment works, it needed to address the notable contrast between the building’s exterior and interior design styles. The exterior displayed a strong, Greek temple-like appearance, which clashed with the nauticalinspired interior.

To create harmony and a consistent language for the design, KMH developed the concept, which was dubbed “Contemporary Ruin “, to modernise the interior while still paying homage to the architectural heritage. The refreshed, cohesive vision influenced all aspects of the design, removing the maritime/ cruise liner elements and replacing them with classical style motifs.

The new design maintains Vodacom’s existing Greek-style exterior while ensuring a seamless transition between the internal and external architectural language.

The entrance lobby

Entering the building, a visit is welcomed by a new monolithic reception desk. The backdrop to the desk is the newly clad spiral staircase, which twists its way up the full height of the entrance lobby, connecting all the floors. Another design choice was to add more solidity to the walkways connecting the office wings.

This was achieved by restricting the visuals at each level by closing the balustrades and softening the walkways with hanging plants. The highlight within the space is the slatted pod, which functions as a semi-private meeting area for quick consultations without needing to book a boardroom. It is a bespoke design with soundproofing, power points, and task lighting.

The terrace

The original water feature spanned a large area and separated the entrance lobby from the atrium seating area, which was only accessible via a bridge. It could be likened to a gangway on a boat. In addition to its size, the water feature also produced noise, making the space less attractive for staff to use or gather.

Taking the above into account, KMH decided to reduce the size of the water feature by creating multiple platforms for staff to rest on, while offering a more efficient route from the entrance lobby to the central atrium seating area.

The design incorporated steps and ramps to facilitate sip and puff (SNP)

accessibility for individuals needing this universal access, which had previously been problematic. The water now flows down the terrace in a controlled and considerate manner, interacting with the pause platforms and spouts in specific areas.

The six trees act as key placemaking features and help to break up the volume of the atrium.

Stiles

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The atrium seating area

This area has been extensively renovated and now serves as a revitalised extension of the canteen. It offers various seating and workstation areas, winding around trees and incorporating freestanding tables and chairs. The six trees act as key placemaking features and help to break up the volume of the atrium.

They interact with perforated sunshades at the apex of the space, which cast dappled light on the floor, resembling a tree canopy. Three large, undulating arches stand out as notable features, adding a splash of colour that complements the greenery within the space. The existing elevator core is clad in fluted tiles, referencing the large monolithic columns found in Greek temples.

Corporate identity

Branding moments are deliberately absent in the main atrium and are limited to private lobby and breakaway zones. They are showcased as slatted feature walls featuring the Vodacom logo as a motif that shines through.

The central atrium then serves as a blank canvas, offering a flexible setting for various events. Inspired by classical elements, the reimagined atrium now exudes timeless elegance – a modern ruin, if you like.

This transformation not only revitalises the space but also elevates it, creating an environment that is both refined and consistent with Vodacom HQ's architectural and corporate identity.

Professional team

Client: Vodacom

Architects (interior): KMH

Electrical and mechanical: WSP

Structural: Eckon

Fire: Tom Esterhuizen & Associates

Landscaping: Contour Landscapes & Schafer Botanical Stylist

Main contractor: Bruce Dundas Master Builders

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Nothing goes to waste

in the Mother City

Water, sanitation and solid waste – the City of Cape Town is demonstrating to South Africa and the world exactly what it means to value all waste streams and treat them with respect as vital resources for a sustainable future.

The City’s Cape Flats Advanced Water Reclamation Plant (AWRP) in Pelican Park.

In To Build’s March 2025 edition, we covered the City’s Materials Recovery Facility in Coastal Park near Muizenberg. Hot on the heels of that launch comes an advanced water reclamation facility that handles black water cleaning and recycles it back into the Peninsula’s aquifer.

Following the completion of the City’s first Advanced Water Reclamation Plant (AWRP) in December 2024, the City celebrated excellence when the AWRP was named Jury Winner in the Factories and Warehouses category at the prestigious 13th Annual Architizer A+ Awards in June 2025, in New York.

The AWRP by SALT Architects is located next to the Cape Flats Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) in Pelican Park and plays a crucial role in the City’s groundwater action plan to foster Cape Town’s water resilience.

Function, operations, and 54 million litres of water daily

The state-of-the-art AWRP is a key facility in executing the Water and Sanitation Directorate’s New Water Programme. The AWRP will play a vital role in the controlled injection of treated secondary effluent into the cape flats aquifer, replenishing this essential groundwater source.

This will enable the City to later extract water from the aquifer sustainably, which will then undergo further treatment at potable water treatment plants (WTPs) to meet SANS 241 drinking water standards. The AWRP is a key part of the Cape Flats Aquifer Management Scheme, which is expected to produce up to 54 million litres of water daily.

“The Cape Flats AWRP is a significant public infrastructure investment aimed at enhancing water security and boosting climate resilience. Every rand spent on

Implementation

this facility helps to build a more droughtresistant Cape Town,” states Mayoral Committee Member for Water and Sanitation, Councillor Zahid Badroodien.

This international award demonstrates that South African infrastructure can lead globally,

Local civil engineers working on water and wastewater projects with SALT Architects achieved a significant accolade in the Factories and Warehouses category at the 13th Annual Architizer A+ Awards.

Chosen from over 5 000 entries across 80 countries, the Cape Flats AWRP is now officially recognised as one of the best-designed buildings in its category.

Receiving this major global architecture prize is regarded as a remarkable achievement for South African architecture.

in advanced functionality and also in aesthetically pleasing and purposeful design. Just as the building has received top honours in design, the City is working towards implementing top-quality processes as well, once the facility is completed in April 2027.

The global award

The Architizer A+ Awards is the most comprehensive international awards programme for architecture, where a panel of global leaders in architecture, technology, media, and business judges projects.

According to Badroodien, “This is a rare moment where a South African public works project has been recognised internationally, not just for engineering, but for design excellence.”

Coming next

Badroodien states, “Work on the next phase is currently underway, which will see the installation of mechanical and electrical components such as ozone generators, ultra-violet disinfection, pumps and filter media.”

The project promotes sustainability in water supply and demonstrates how municipalities can take the lead in implementing water resilience initiatives with careful, future-focused design.

Large investment in infrastructure

boosts eThekwini

One of the largest infrastructure investments by the eThekwini Municipality since the 2010 FIFA World Cup, a new 100ha mixed-use precinct development referred to by the developers as ‘a city’, recently launched in the west of the eThekwini Municipal area. Its first phase: a new retail, recreation and community destination, Westown Square, is now open and trading. Here is its story.

Strategically located in Shongweni, between Durban and Pietermaritzburg along the N3 highway and within easy reach of King Shaka International Airport, Westown is positioned to become a new growth node in the region’s urban landscape. It is being developed by the Fundamentum Property Group (www.fundamentum. co.za).

A new retail and lifestyle destination

At the heart of the precinct is Westown Square, a 48 500m² shopping, dining and lifestyle destination that forms the cornerstone of the broader Westown development.

The square’s architectural language balances modernity with contextual sensitivity, blending sustainability and placemaking principles with rural inspiration.

Westown Square features two distinct architectural typologies

1 2

A contemporary retail mall environment that incorporates lightweight building envelope technology and passive climate control features.

A standout structure known as the Barn, which reinterprets the form and function of this traditional farm building.

The Barn: where community and culture converge

“At the heart of Westown Square, the Barn redefines the ‘food court’ concept, blending modern marketplace, community, culture, and commerce under one architecturally striking, barn-inspired roof. Designed as a vibrant destination within a destination, The Barn is a hub where local artisans, food entrepreneurs and creatives thrive”, says Cara Reilly, the marketing and communication executive at Fundamentum.

Keeping the look and feel that is authentic to the organic growth of typical town centres of the past, the layout is designed and executed as irregular, with varied forms and spaces.

Encircled by the main mall and overlooking the town square, the Barn acts as the social anchor of Westown Square. Its design creates a lively public realm that encourages community engagement. A ‘high street’ interface with various side streets and lanes, converges on the square to create a vibrant gathering space.

The Barn, despite closely resembling a true-to-life barn, manages to merge with the retail-centric look of the mall, thanks to the central town square that lies between both structures.

Designed for function and form

Designed by two architectural firms Boogertman & Partners and MDS Architects both appointed by the developers, the architecture draws inspiration from the rural landscape and traditional town layouts. These are interpreted in a modern manner and by using contemporary materials.

Commenting on the design and project execution, architect Geoffrey Richards at Boogertman and Partners says the building typology is based primarily on a concrete frame structure with masonry infill panels and steel roof structure over three trading levels. The result is a GLA (gross leasable area) of 48 500m².

The look and feel of the architecture references the rolling hills, sugar cane fields, and traditional farmstead buildings arranged around a courtyard. Elements such as timber fencing, steel portal frames, and the contours of hills influence the façades and roofing. A diverse material palette creates distinct spaces and softens the modern aesthetic, enhanced by abundant greenery and landscaping.

Accessibility is prioritised through tactile paving, braille signage and universal design features.

Materiality

Reilly explains that intentionally natural and raw material finishes were selected to create a modern but aged effect.

Hence, a layered material palette of raw concrete, timber, metal and brick delivers a tactile aesthetic that’s both contemporary and grounded.

Elements such as timber fencing, steel portal frames, and the contours of hills also influence the facades and roofing.

Prioritising sustainability

Westown Square integrates a host of sustainability features

• Rooftop solar panels reduce grid dependency

• Rainwater harvesting systems support irrigation and ablution facilities

• Natural ventilation and open-air walkways reduce reliance on airconditioning

• Solar-powered night lighting and timer systems support energy efficiency

• Abundant landscaping offers passive cooling and urban greening.

Landscape architecture its execution

The landscape architecture, led by Uys & White Landscape Architects, is integral to the precinct’s identity. It connects the built form to its environment while softening architectural lines and enhancing pedestrian appeal.

Rehabilitated sugar cane fields surrounding the precinct are being repurposed and transformed into a green belt featuring equestrian trails, running paths and cycling routes. These aim to transform Westown into a holistic lifestyle destination.

In line with its drive to become a community hub, landscaped pavements and cycle lanes ensure accessibility, while rehabilitated sugar cane fields will form an expanded green belt with equestrian, cycling and running trails lie beyond Westown Square.

Shongweni’s unpredictable climate informed the creation of sheltered walkways, enclosed courts and adaptable indoor-outdoor spaces to ensure comfort throughout the year.

BOOGERTMAN + PARTNERS ARCHITECTS

WESTOWN SQUARE

Inspired by Shongweni’s natural landscape and cultural heritage, Westown Square reimagines the mall as a vibrant town square, blending contemporary form with timeless character. Designed by Boogertman + Partners in a joint venture with MDS Architecture, Westown Square sets a new benchmark for community-focused retail architecture, where people and their experiences are at the heart of every design decision.

Looking ahead: a vision for urban living

Once fully realised, Westown aims to feature over 20 000 residential units and extensive public green spaces and recreational trails. As a mixed use development it has plans for both commercial and further retail zones as well as logistics and warehousing hubs.

By placing sustainable urban design, local context and community engagement at the centre of its development ethos, the developers say that Westown is poised to become one of South Africa’s most forwardthinking new urban precincts.

Professional team

Developer: Fundamentum Property

Group

Project managers: Orion Project Managers

Architects: Boogertman & Partners and MDS Architects

Landscape architects: Uys & White

Quantity surveyors: MLC

Main contractor: Stefanutti Stocks Building (KZN)

Roofing/cladding steelwork

contractor: Impact engineering

Choosing the right deck

Composite decks are increasingly preferred over wooden ones, owing to their aesthetic appeal, eco-friendly sustainability and resource efficiency, low maintenance requirements, ease of installation, and enhanced durability. According to Eva-Last (www.eva-last.co.za), composite decks tick all the right boxes.

Eva-Last

Decking ranges and composite material technology have evolved to such an extent that choosing the right deck to suit your project's needs is complicated.

Beyond the obvious benefits of the four Cs (colour, climate, cost over the long term; and care) there are several other important technical factors to consider that may influence how your chosen composite deck performs and endures over time.

Eva-Last offers three technologies for bamboo composite decking, each specifically engineered with unique properties designed to meet particular specifications.

Each range has its own unique characteristics, benefits, and look and feel that are distinguishable through the latest cutting-edge composite engineering. These ranges offer enhanced performance and appearance, thanks to the latest advancements in material technology.

These include improved product composition incorporating recycled content and innovative material combinations such as glass-fibre reinforced PVC, along with advanced additives like fire retardants and UV or colour stabilisers. These enhancements offer practical benefits such as resistance to insects, stains, UV exposure, and water.

Apex PLUS – better performing, better-looking composite

The Apex PLUS range combines the aesthetic appeal of Apex with glass-fibre

reinforcement added to its original bamboo foamed-PVC core. This provides increased strength and greater span capabilities without the need for additional structural support.

Reinforcing the core also improves the PVC’s expansion and contraction behaviour - an essential advantage in climates subject to extreme temperature fluctuations.

Infinity IS – for the toughest in durability and resilience

As a lightweight capped bamboo composite decking option, Infinity IS offers a highly durable composite board ideal for high foot traffic areas. Available in a stunning array of realistic wood looks, Infinity’s enhanced durability is thanks to a sophisticated protective polymer capping.

Infinity IS combines beautiful aesthetics with excellent wear characteristics. Its enhanced durability makes it ideal for commercial areas with busy thoroughfares or bustling households. The range is backed by an extensive warranty.

The co-extruded composition features a high-performance core, while the polymer capping guards against stains, scratches, and deterioration caused by moisture or heat. It only needs basic maintenance or cleaning to ensure durability.

Eva-Tech – for the cost-conscious Eva-tech, the original range, offers a

cost-effective entry into the comfort and convenience of composite decking. The grooved boards and matching fascias facilitate easier installation than ever before, while the hardwearing surface requires minimal maintenance beyond an occasional sweep and clean.

The uncapped bamboo composite range is available in a Dual Tone and Wyde finish, mimicking the appearance of wooden decking without the need for constant maintenance.

Eva-tech is perfect for outdoor patios, poolside areas, verandas, and entertainment spaces. Its inorganic composition, made from renewable bamboo fibre combined with recycled plastic, offers a safe, non-slip surface that won’t scratch or splinter, nor be affected by degradation like natural materials due to pests, mildew, mould, or fading over time.

Eva-Last endeavours to develop and distribute the widest selection of advanced bamboo composite decking. As each project has its own requirements, merits, and challenges, it is essential to select the range that best matches the project specifications. Contact an Eva-Last representative for advice.

Progress on the

Karreebosch Wind Farm

A major construction partner in South Africa’s wind energy sector has recently started work on the Cennergi Holdings and G7 Renewable Energies 140 MW Karreebosch Wind Farm.

Karreebosch Wind Farm, located between the towns of Matjiesfontein and Sutherland, falls mainly in the Northern Cape and will generate electricity for a private off-taker.

At the heart of the project are 25 turbines, each standing 100 m tall. This project is situated next to the Roggeveld Wind Farm, completed by construction firm Concor five years ago.

About Karreebosch

Karreebosch Wind Farm will be the region's first private wind farm and among the largest. It was developed by G7 Renewable Energies (Pty) Ltd, a Cape Town-based South African project developer established in 2008.

Featuring cutting-edge wind turbine technology it will supply 460GWh of electricity annually to Northam Platinum.

The facility will include 25 Goldwind turbines, each with a 165-metre rotor diameter, designed to optimise performance in local wind conditions.

Goldwind acts as the turbine supplier and installer. Concor, as the main contractor for the plant, will supervise all civil and electrical works on-site, including the critical grid connection (www.g7energies.com).

Early work

According to Stephan Venter, Contracts Director at Concor, the initial work involved setting up the essential infrastructure on site, considering the remote and rugged terrain.

This will include access roads, site offices, and a batching plant to handle the large volumes of concrete needed for each turbine’s foundation.

Establishing access roads, site offices, and an on-site batching plant in preparation for the large volumes of concrete needed.

Construction of around 45 km of internal access roads has begun, enabling the transportation of components and equipment to each turbine site.

Approximately 200,000 m3 of blasting will probably be needed for roads, foundations, and other works. The G5 and G7 materials for layer works will be produced on site, using jaw and cone crushers feeding a screen.

“The roads need to support the long heavy trucks used to transport turbine components,” says Venter. “For instance, the long turbine blades require the road design to provide sufficient turning radii as well as the right K-values to avoid trucks striking their undercarriage on uneven surfaces.”

Project inception

In the initial stages, detailed ground-line surveys and geotechnical investigations to assess the terrain were conducted. This

helps in planning cut and fill activities, where material is removed from specific areas and used to build others, resulting in level roads capable of supporting heavy loads.

Geotechnical work was essential for the integrity of the turbine foundations, and a specialised drilling company extracted 25 m cores at each turbine site. This determined the founding conditions, enabling the foundation design to include the optimal bolt length for securing the turbine tower.

The facility will include 25 Goldwind turbines, each with a 165-metre rotor diameter...

“The bolt length provides the key element around which we can finalise the design of the steel and concrete aspects of each foundation,” he says. “This is vital preparation as the early stage designs can only rely on conventional geotechnical maps which provide high-level data rather than detailed insight.”

The foundation design must also comply with the loading documents specific to each turbine supplier. The intended lifespan of these vital foundations generally exceeds the 20-year off-take agreement, allowing for contract extensions that could see the turbines operating for up to 25 years.

Turbine foundations

The concrete foundations for each turbine are over 20 m in diameter and 4 to 5 m deep, requiring approximately 600 m³ of concrete for each foundation. The entire project will use around 25,000 m³ of concrete and 2,200 tonnes of reinforcing steel.

Concrete mix designs and readymix that uses aggregate from the Tweedside tillite quarry 70 km from the site, will be handled by Concor and material will be transported to a dedicated batch plant on site.

The concrete turbine foundations will be poured continuously to ensure even curing, followed by thermal management to prevent cracking from temperature fluctuations. Water for the batching plant

will come from two carefully managed boreholes, which supply a 1,5 million litre water storage facility on site.

Among the environmental considerations that the construction work must account for is the site’s proximity to the renowned astronomical observatory at Sutherland. This necessitates that any night-time work be carried out without causing light pollution that could impair visibility at the observatory.

“The concrete pouring cycle on each foundation lasts about 24 hours, which means that some tasks need to be done when it is dark,” he says. “We will take precautions by using special bulbs, for instance, and ensure that we only shine light downwards onto our work and not directly into the sky”, adds Venter.

Worse than cutting

the red tape

There is considerable frustration among business owners in the built environment and among developers, regarding the continual rise in legislative barriers that impede the smooth and rapid progress of daily operations. Are these restrictions questionable, and do they hinder business growth in our country?

Adv Bryan Hack, Member of the Cape Bar

Internet interactions serve as clear examples of this. Before accessing a website, you need to read and select an option regarding "cookies." What are they? I'm sure my twelveyear-old nephew knows exactly what they are. However, this article focuses on their purpose.

This is not my usual commentary on a legal matter. I am stepping into social (hopefully not political) commentary. However, it may be necessary and acceptable to question whether the ends justify the means in social discourse as we engage with others or institutions in our private lives.

I use the term “social” legislation to refer to laws enacted to meet the standards required by the Constitution in how citizens carry out their daily lives to protect human rights.

Like any citizen who values the law and considers the fight against lawlessness a social priority, I understand the importance of tackling money laundering, the illegal funding of terrorism or criminal groups, and the need to safeguard privacy. But where does the state draw the line between these objectives and the growing inconvenience and cost to normal business activities caused by its public policies? Few bank account holders have not experienced the frustration of missing a call to update FICA requirements, resulting in their account being temporarily blocked. This is, of course, both highly inconvenient and timeconsuming to resolve.

The question is whether a retired pensioner relying on their SASSA grant should be treated the same way as a global corporation handling transfer funds worldwide. The inconvenience to that pensioner is not proportional to the potential threat they pose. There, I said it, but I do believe this is a widely held view.

I am not disputing the legitimate need for FICA, POPI, and all the other “extraneous” legislation intended to protect and safeguard citizens from those who might seek to abuse their right to privacy, a safe crime-free environment, and similar concerns. However, we face the risk that the burdens created by this legislation could outweigh its benefits.

This is not about the proverbial red tape

Red tape is something different, and there are already measures in place to reduce the amount of bureaucracy faced by entrepreneurs and small businesses in pursuing innovation and engaging in property development.

Social legislation continually burdens individuals and businesses, and I question whether this burden is justified. I believe a solution may lie in its practical application—streamlining compliance and encouraging a culture of reasonable discretion. For instance, when I am asked

to update my records for FICA, why am I often regarded as non-compliant when my utility bill is sent to a P.O. box rather than my street address? Why is this not accepted as proof of residence? There should be a degree of reasonable discretion.

This social legislation also, impacts companies. While the legitimate aim is to promote honesty and transparency, it places a considerable burden on small enterprises, which often lack the internal skills to produce these formal documents and need to hire external assistance to do so. The question is how much cost is being borne by the numerous small enterprises in the country as they navigate the complexities of social legislation.

But is the outcome truly justified? Does a small contracting business having a website and five employees, domiciled at home, need to bear the costs of compliance with POPIA? According to some “experts" currently advertising their services, this could include for example: data mapping, gap analysis, risk assessment, compliance plan, and a host of other steps to achieve compliance?

In my view, it is time to have a public discourse not only about red tape but also about the extent to which small businesses, in particular, are being required to comply with “social” legislation.

Elevating luxury living

in Eye of Africa Estate

When designing luxury homes, architects and developers seek solutions that not only enhance aesthetics but also ensure long-term durability and protection. In Gauteng’s prestigious Eye of Africa Estate, a luxury residence required a waterproofing system that could meet the demands of an intricate roof design, while delivering excellent performance.

Sika

The homeowner, a prominent South African businessman, was recommended Sikalastic®-560 by a friend in the United States who had successfully used the product in high-end residential projects. Sikalastic®-560 – a globally trusted liquidapplied polyurethane waterproofing system engineered for lasting protection, flexibility, and energy efficiency.

So, why select this product for a premium roofing job?

Sikalastic®-560 creates a seamless, highly flexible, and weather-resistant waterproof layer, making it perfect for complex roof shapes. Unlike conventional waterproofing methods, this liquid-applied membrane easily adapts to surface movements,

greatly lowering the chances of cracks and leaks over time.

Additionally, the product features advanced polyurethane-modified acrylic dispersion technology, ensuring high elasticity, UV stability, and long-term durability. These are regarded as essential for South Africa’s demanding climate conditions.

Enhanced strength - Sika® Reemat Premium

To further strengthen high-stress areas such as joints, pipe penetrations, and detailing points, Reemat Premium was incorporated into the system. This reinforcement mat improves durability and crack-bridging abilities, ensuring the

waterproofing system remains intact despite thermal expansion and structural movement.

Key benefits for architects and developers

• Seamless and durable: With no joints, there are fewer weak points and a watertight finish that endures over time.

• Highly flexible: Allows for structural movements, preventing cracks and system failures.

• Built for South African climates: UVresistant and able to endure scorching heat, heavy rain, and strong winds.

• Energy efficient: The reflective white coating reduces heat absorption, lowering cooling costs in luxury homes.

• Fast and efficient application: Liquid-applied for quick curing and full coverage, minimising downtime on-site.

• Eco-friendly and low VOC: Waterbased, non-toxic formula conforming to LEED environmental standards.

Premium

waterproofing - a good choice for luxury architecture

With the above products, the Eye of Africa Estate residence now benefits from a premium, energy-efficient, and durable waterproofing solution. The system complies with international approvals such as ETAG 005, Energy Star solar reflectance standards, and fire performance requirements.

“Architects, engineers, and contractors can rely on Sika’s globally recognised expertise to enhance waterproofing performance in high-value properties, ensuring structural integrity and luxury living for years to come”, says the supplier.

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With over a century of expertise, Sika o ers a comprehensive range of construction solutions tailored to every project’s unique requirements. Whether you need reliable waterproofing, strong sealing and bonding, durable flooring, roofing systems, anchoring and grouting, or concrete repair and protection, Sika’s high-quality products ensure lasting performance. Our solutions are trusted by professionals around the globe for their innovation, durability, and adaptability to complex construction challenges.

Earth leakage devices:

a critical choice

Earth leakage protection devices (ELPDs) are compulsory in South Africa for good reason.

When something goes wrong on site, it’s the installer who’s responsible, not the manufacturer, supplier, or wholesaler.

Lives, liability, and professional reputations all depend on a single point of failure: the device you choose to install.

“Get it wrong, and you’re risking far more than a technical fault,” says Dr Andrew Dickson, engineering executive at CBielectric: low voltage (www.cbi-lowvoltage. co.za).

“You’re putting human lives and your career on the line.”

What happens when current takes an unintended path

ELPDs monitor current flow in a circuit and trip when they detect even a slight imbalance – the signal that current is leaking to ground instead of returning via the neutral conductor.

Sometimes, this is through a person’s body. “It doesn’t take a large current to do serious harm,” warns Dickson.

“Currents over 30 milliamps (mA) can be fatal1. That’s why our devices are designed to trip between 23 and 27mA. A few milliamps, and a few milliseconds, can make the difference between life and death.”

Here’s how the human body responds to electrical current:

• 1mA: Tingling, but easy to ignore

• 5mA: Unpleasant shock

• 10–20mA: Muscle control lost, the limit of being able to let go

• 30+mA: Breathing disrupted; heart rhythm affected

• 50+mA: Burns, unconsciousness, or death

(Noting: There is no absolute number relating to the various effects of electrical current on the human body. Human factors such as age, weight, skin resistance (dry vs wet), and overall health can affect individual susceptibility. - Ed.)

This is why the safety threshold is 30mA, and why devices must be accurate and reliable in tripping below that point.

Compliance isn’t a suggestion, it’s the law

South African law requires that all earth leakage devices meet the National Regulator for Compulsory Specifications’ (NRCS) VC 8035 specification2, which sets safety and performance standards.

“If you install a device that doesn’t comply, you carry the legal liability,” cautions Dickson.

To ensure compliance and reliability, he recommends:

• Confirming SABS or equivalent certification

• Checking that the trip level is 30mA or less

• Avoiding unbranded or generic products that may fail testing

Nuisance tripping shouldn’t be ignored

Unexpected trips are often dismissed as a nuisance, but they could indicate more serious problems. His advice: You might be dealing with high cumulative leakage, poor

wiring, contaminated terminals, overloaded circuits, or equipment causing unwanted current loss.

He emphasises that proper fault-finding, including measuring leakage levels and monitoring variations across appliances, is crucial. “Ignoring these symptoms could mean missing the early warning signs of system failure or injury risk.”

The buck stops with the installer “You can’t outsource responsibility,” he advises.

“You need to know exactly what you’re installing and ensure it meets the legal and technical standards. Certification, compliance, and correct specifications are non-negotiables.”

Dickson writes on behalf of CBi-electric, a manufacturer of low-voltage, highquality, NRCS-compliant ELPDs that are tested for local conditions, whether for homes, commercial buildings, or industrial applications.

References: (1) https://www.oshc.org.hk/oshc_data/files/ books/2017/B25217-Electrical-Safety-Eng.pdf (2) https://www.nrcs.org.za/ CompulsorySpecification/Electrotech/VC%20 8035.pdf

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Since 2011, Insitu has been shaping South Africa’s building landscape with a unique blend of innovation, integrity, and quality. As a CIDB Level 7 GB accredited contractor, Insitu is qualified to take on projects up to R60 million, delivering turnkey solutions backed by a strong internal team of architects, engineers, and project managers.

A core strength of Insitu lies in its alternative construction methods, particularly rapid build and casting techniques. These innovative approaches cut costs and timelines without compromising on structural integrity. To date, the company has completed over 500 alternative structures, including classrooms and sanitation facilities—helping communities grow stronger, faster.

One of Insitu’s proudest partnerships has been with the Western Cape Department of Education, where the company delivered rapid-build classrooms and facilities at schools. These projects highlight Insitu’s commitment to supporting government efforts to expand access to quality education.

Beyond schools, Insitu’s expertise extends to warehouses, factories, commercial spaces, and residential developments. Their off-site pre-manufacturing model enables quicker on-site assembly, reducing costs and getting clients into their spaces faster.

With more than a decade of proven results, Insitu continues to deliver on its mission: to build with purpose, deliver with quality, and innovate for the future of South Africa.

Amanuel Gebremeskel:

The man and the job

SAISC, JTC Buildings and Ray Truter Photography

Amanuel Gebremeskel is the CEO of the Southern African Institute of Steel Construction (SAISC). In this role, he manages all activities of the Institute, including technical publications, education, marketing, trade, and other matters related to the structural steel industry. He is interviewed by Gareth Griffiths.

Amanuel is a structural engineer with over twenty years of experience designing structures across North America, South Africa, and the Middle East. He has also contributed to national standards and engineering handbooks while lecturing at the Universities of Witwatersrand and Stellenbosch.

Following the death of former CEO Paolo Trinchero in 2022, you assumed the role of CEO of the Institute during challenging times. Previously, you served as the technical director at the SAISC. How are you finding the new position after three years of experience?

The CEO role is quite different from my previous technical positions. It has been both challenging and exciting. SAISC, and the steel industry as a whole, has faced difficult times over the past decade. Large steel mills have either closed or are unable to support organisations like ours. Downstream industry players are also monitoring their costs, and various educational, marketing, and lobbying activities have had limited funding available.

As CEO, I have taken on the responsibility of ensuring the financial sustainability of the Institute, and this has been the most challenging aspect of the role. On a positive note, it is truly exciting to see some of our strategies to diversify our membership and

activities start to pay off. I have also been fortunate that we have managed to secure significant sponsorships from members operating in recently buoyant markets. As CEO, I am now the face of that success, and this makes the role incredibly rewarding.

Where are you and the Board guiding the organisation in the future? Are there any notable differences from its traditional role, and how is it

adapting to changes and challenges in the market?

Over the past two years, we have restructured the SAISC in three ways. First, we have brought in several younger board members to inject energy into our governance and fundraising activities. Our chairwoman - the CEO of a large fabrication business - inspired the new board to focus on supporting our initiatives in promoting financially sustainable ventures.

Then we have reorganised our staffing by moving many of our activities online. We now sell all our books and courses online and are in the process of utilising artificial intelligence to make our library accessible in novel ways. This has increased our nonmembership income significantly.

Finally, we have decided to expand our membership beyond a few large companies to include many smaller firms. This has made the income from membership more stable and decreased our reliance on the fortunes of a few large members.

The quality of the nominated projects is impressive...

What is your outlook on the future of steel construction in South Africa? Do you believe its usage will expand within the building industry?

The outlook for steel construction in South Africa has indeed taken a positive turn. While high mineral prices have spurred investment in mining—where our members are influential—the government of national unity has finally embraced a policy of publicprivate partnerships that is already attracting significant investment in infrastructure.

Projects in energy, transportation, and municipal infrastructure are expected to grow in the coming years. This is encouraging news for our downstream members - steel service centres, fabricators, and engineering firms. Even our South African steel mills, which face tough international competition, overcapacity, and high electricity costs, are anticipated to benefit from this trend.

Let’s discuss sustainable materials. From a perspective of reducing greenhouse gases and combating climate change, what do you see as the main advantages of steel?

Steel is one of the few materials that can be used ‘forevermore’ after it has been reduced and refined from iron ore. Our old cars, home

appliances, and furniture are now being recycled by South African mills to be used in infrastructure projects. Some architects and engineers are even reusing steel from old structures to lower our carbon footprint. We have also explored the impact of using steel structures to reduce the consumption of other scarce resources, such as water. A typical steel building uses very little water on site because steel decreases the amount of cement, aggregate, debris, and formwork that need to be washed and transported to and from the site.

Finally, the fiercely contested Steel Awards 2023... Share your plans for 2025 and describe how you believe the platform advances the industry's interests and supports professionals in the design and built environment sector.

The SAISC Steel Awards is our flagship annual gala where we showcase the capacity of the South African steel industry. The event highlights the most remarkable architectural, industrial, mining, and other iconic steel

structures constructed over the past year. The quality of the nominated projects is impressive, and recent winners have gained recognition worldwide. The global exposure of South African steel construction capabilities has led to many projects for our members and enhanced the South African brand overall.

And as for the event itself… This year, we will continue with our themed approach and host our guests within a Moulin Rougethemed world, where we invite folks to wear appropriate attire to fit that theme.

+27 72 427 3009

www.saisc.co.za

About the SAISC Steel Awards programme

The SAISC Steel Awards have become a hallmark in the built environment, gaining immense popularity among stakeholders. Over more than 40 years, this event has developed into a showcase of innovation, technical skill, and impressive steel structures, highlighting the diligent efforts of engineers, contractors, architects, and project team members within the industry.

This year’s top projects and winners will be announced at a gala dinner on 23 October in Kempton Park. Further information is available here: https://www.saisc.co.za/listing/steelawards-2025-23-october-2025/

Steel roofing and cladding –

reaching for the sky

Gareth Griffiths

As the guardians of quality and technical excellence across local and pan-African contexts, the Southern African Institute of Steel Construction (SAISCwww.saisc.co.za) emphasises the growing innovative use of steel cladding to enhance the architectural ornamentation of buildings in South Africa –and the numerous benefits of this durable, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly building choice.

In a detailed overview, first conducted in 2023 and subsequently updated, both Amanuel Gebremeskel, technical Director and now-CEO of the SAISC, and Dennis White, Executive Director of the Southern African Metal Cladding and Roofing Association (SAMCRA), a sub-organisation of the SAISC, jointly addressed this emerging design and build trend in the South African market.

Steel cladding has long been the main material for industrial buildings, mainly serving a functional purpose rather than an aesthetic one. However, it is increasingly being used as both roof and side cladding on more upscale residential and commercial buildings across the country, Gebremeskel explains.

The SAISC is one of only six similar industry professional bodies worldwide, strategically positioned to monitor and understand key trends in the steel sector.

Benefiting the community and steel value chain

Architects are exploring how steel cladding materials can advance energy conservation, environmental sustainability, functionality, and also enhance the aesthetics of buildings – and entire built environments – for the benefit of local communities, businesses, and the whole steel value chain. In essence, these are:

• Aesthetic appeal

Gebremeskel observes that South Africa has been ahead of other global competitors for decades, since on-site steel rolling for cladding purposes was a local innovation in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

“More recently, sky rolling (from an elevated portable steel sheet profiling machine housed in a container) has been introduced to facilitate the rolling of exceptionally long, single lengths of cladding directly onto the roofs of structures. A local profiler has achieved the world record for a single length of 240m.”

• Environmental/sustainability benefits Gebremeskel highlights that architects and developers now value both the aesthetic appeal and environmental advantages of steel cladding, including its energy efficiency and fire-resistant qualities.

“Developers have discovered that architects can make a big difference with cladding from a visual perspective, which is increasingly regarded as being worth the extra cost. Industrial buildings previously, for example, involved minimal design work, and were built largely to be functional ‘boxes’.

“Now the innovative use of cladding makes them more distinctive and aesthetically pleasing. From an energy-saving perspective, the use of insulated metal cladding is still in its infancy in South Africa in this regard. Still, we are seeing examples coming through, which is an encouraging sign and a good value-add to the use of cladding for purely aesthetic reasons,” he says.

The above trend has been clear during recent SAISC Steel Awards events, which highlighted several uses of cladding across different categories, including in homes, offices and warehouses: “It is exciting to see architects increasingly using significant amounts of cladding in innovative ways in the design and construction of large warehouses, a trend which has been evident for some five to six years”.

For instance, a citrus processing warehouse in the Eastern Cape, which used steel cladding in its roofing, won the Popular Choice award at the 2022 Steel Awards event. Thanks to the unique combination of steel cladding and vents, this building does not require any artificial heating or cooling, reducing energy costs and lowering carbon emissions.

Another high-profile project was 108 Albert Road, Woodstock: an urban renewal development in Cape Town, which involved stripping the existing external brick walling, adding two storeys of lightweight steel framing, and then enclosing the entire structure with metal cladding.

“The design plan was to add additional storeys above the existing office space, re-cladding the structure and unifying the

design through fenestration and balcony cut-outs. Of note is that all the brick walls in this project were converted to light steel frame studs with steel cladding. This greatly assisted in the reduction of the building weight, allowing for the additional storeys, while not adversely affecting the seismic behaviour of the building. Seismic load is directly proportional to weight, and Cape Town sits in a moderate seismic zone. The transformation of the building lifted the tone of the entire neighbourhood, which was previously quite depressed,” he explains.

He adds that the use of insulated panels also offers a significant growth opportunity and that they are already being utilised in the local steel construction sector.

“Another opportunity lies in energy conversion methods that could use solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to create cladding. Significant research and development is being invested in this arena, and it is anticipated to become more cost-effective over the next few years. Indeed, the market outlook for steel cladding looks positive in the short- to medium-term.”

From aesthetics to fire prevention - functionality

South Africa has also seen an increase in the number of data centres being developed across the country. These facilities typically involve the construction of large buildings, which generally utilise metal cladding.

The same trend is clear regarding the need to construct automated warehouses for imported goods. The outlook for cladding and large buildings is therefore positive.

The strategic use of aesthetically pleasing, safe metal cladding could also assist in the refurbishment of buildings in the JHB CBD.

Steel cladding and roofing also offer the steel industry worldwide interesting research opportunities regarding the use of these materials in informal settlements, as various forms of cladding have traditionally served as fire prevention or retardation measures.

Gebremeskel states that the SAISC’s fire research centre at the University of Stellenbosch has garnered international attention for its research into the use of fireresistant metal cladding panels.

“The SAISC’s fire research centre at Stellenbosch University is involved in investigations into cladding systems that can actually slow down or stop the progression of fires in informal settlements. The strategic use of aesthetically pleasing, safe metal cladding could also assist in the refurbishment of buildings in the Johannesburg central business district (CBD). The relationship between fires and cladding is a major and much-needed research topic around the world”.

With the growing trend towards a preference for steel cladding, Dennis White, Executive Director of the Southern African Metal Cladding and Roofing Association (SAMCRA), a sub-association of the SAISC, has spent the past ten years developing local product specifications and standards to ensure product quality.

Specifications and certification

“Our technical industry experts have been working on product specifications and certification to create a reliable testing regime for cladding properties, such as wind and gravity-induced loads, and to develop technical standards for products and the installation thereof. There were previously only outdated, adopted basic standards for cladding – but now, as an industry, we have been able to contribute to this vital technical aspect of product certification,” he says.

These new technical specifications will enhance the knowledge of quality among steel sector professionals, helping to raise standards and address the use of cladding materials that are substandard or non-compliant. This is especially important in the design of cladding for informal and low-cost developments, where houses are typically built close together and therefore pose a greater fire risk.

“In summary, the use of steel cladding will continue to be used extensively, bringing with it impressive energy-efficiency, safety and aesthetic improvements to the built environment – provided the correct standards of safety and quality are adhered to,” he concludes.

Balancing sustainability

with fire safety and compliance

As timber construction gains momentum in South Africa due to its environmental and structural benefits, the discussion shifts towards fire safety, particularly regarding the use of combustible insulation. This article by Des Schnetler, the executive director of the Thermal Insulation Products and Systems Association of SA (www.tipsasa.co.za), examines the risks, regulations, and responsible design practices related to using combustible insulation in timber-framed buildings.

Des Schnetler

With regulations such as SANS 10400-T and SANS 10400-XA governing fire protection and energy efficiency, professionals in the built environment face the challenge of balancing thermal performance with material safety.

D&D Insulation

Timber: A sustainable solution for South African housing South Africa’s housing backlog, increasing demand for green construction, and energy efficiency targets have rekindled interest in timber as a building material. Engineered timber products have demonstrated durability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of installation. More importantly, timber sequesters carbon and lowers a building’s embodied energy footprint.

Generally, timber construction must comply with SANS 10082 and be tested in accordance with SANS 10177-2. The requirements for stability, integrity, and insulation for the specified period are given in accordance with the relevant building occupancy classes in SANS 10400-T.

Yet, while the structural and environmental benefits are clear, concerns about combustibility remain, especially when combustible insulation is included in the design.

Combustibility: Not all insulation is the same

Combustibility indicates a material’s ability to ignite, burn, or produce heat and smoke when exposed to fire. Common insulation products used in South Africa include:

• Combustible: EPS (Expanded Polystyrene), XPS (Extruded Polystyrene), PIR (Polyisocyanurate) and cellulose loose-fill fibre.

• Non-combustible: Mineral wool, glass wool or stone wool.

Understanding the regulatory framework

SANS 10400-T: Fire Protection

SANS 53501-1: Reaction to Fire Classification of Thermal Insulation Materials

SANS 10400-XA: Energy Usage in Buildings

This section of the application of the National Building Regulations details fire resistance requirements for materials and building systems. Timber-framed walls, floors, and ceilings must meet specific fire performance standards based on occupancy and building type.

Clear guidance is provided on where combustible insulation can be used and in which building occupancies. In certain areas and types of occupancy, only non-combustible insulation materials are permitted.

For instance, except in the case of any building classified as H3 (domestic residence) or G1 (offices) that does not exceed two storeys in height, or any building classified as H4 (dwelling house), no access stairway and suspended floor shall be permitted to be made of combustible material unless such floor has ground directly below it or is not more than 50mm above a non-combustible slab.

This standard outlines fire testing procedures, such as combustibility (SANS 11820), ignitability (SANS 11925-2), and the single burning item (SANS 53823). Insulation and ceiling materials should be tested and certified according to these benchmarks before specification.

While SANS 10400-XA mandates insulation to meet minimum R-values for energy efficiency, it does not directly address fire performance; it only references SANS 10400-T. This creates potential for unsafe trade-offs when thermal efficiency is prioritised without evaluating fire risks.

Key risks in timber-insulated buildings

• Cavity fires: When combustible insulation is installed in wall or roof cavities, flames can spread rapidly and unnoticed.

• Surface spread: Exposed insulation materials can contribute significantly to flame propagation unless protected.

• Chimney effect: Open vertical cavities in timber walls can draw flames upwards, increasing the risk of fire spread.

Timber-framed walls, floors, and ceilings must meet specific fire performance standards...

Designing for safety: best practices

1 2

Use non-combustible insulation where possible

Mineral wool or glass wool provides excellent thermal insulation and is non-combustible.

Enclose combustible insulation

Always install fire-rated linings such as gypsum board or fibre cement board to safeguard insulation in walls and ceilings.

3

Incorporate fire-stopping measures

Use cavity barriers, fire dampers, and compartmentalisation strategies to prevent fire from spreading in concealed spaces.

4 5 6

Specify certified materials

Only use insulation materials tested and certified according to SANS 53501-1.

Integrate fire engineering early

Consult fire safety professionals during the planning stage to develop comprehensive fire strategies that cover both materials and building systems.

Avoid performance trade-offs

Never substitute high thermal performance with low fire performance without implementing compensatory safety measures and obtaining official approval.

Conclusion

The future of sustainable housing in South Africa relies on smart, balanced choices. Timber housing, when combined with proper insulation and strong fire safety measures, can achieve both climate targets and safety standards.

However, as combustible insulation materials become more widespread in thermally efficient designs, stricter adherence to SANS codes, performancebased specifications, and early interdisciplinary collaboration are essential. Fire safety is not a compromise –it’s a commitment.

Technical bulletin:

SANS 53501-1 migration

A well-respected insulation Pretoria distributor with a national presence shares their advice on the migration to SANS 53501-1 as part of the revision of SANS 10400-T:2024 Ed 5 Fire Protection, which includes the Reaction to Fire Classification of Thermal Insulation Products.

Bryn Doherty

D&D Roof Insulations

From 1 January 2025, the new SANS 53501-1 (Reaction to Fire Classification of Thermal Insulation Products) came into force, replacing SANS 428 (Fire Performance Classification of Thermal Insulated Building Envelope Systems) as part of SANS 10400-T:2024 Ed 5.

In South Africa, the process of migrating to new building regulations, primarily governed by the SANS 10400 standard in this case, usually involves a transition period during which existing projects can proceed under previous regulations. However, new projects are required to adhere to the updated standards.

The exact timeframe varies depending on the specific changes introduced and the government's implementation strategy, but generally, these migrations take the industry between 6 and 12 months to fully adapt.

Any building or construction planned or designed from 1 January 2025 onwards would therefore be relevant to the application of the new standard.

However, any building designed and approved for construction before 31 December 2024 is done so in accordance with the scope and regulations of SANS 428 as part of SANS 10400 Part T. Therefore, buildings constructed in 2025 will still adhere to the previous regulation, and their design and specifications cannot be amended retrospectively.

Each building and construction project, whether existing or new, should consider the project's original design stage,

implementation timeline, costs involved, possible delays, etc., when determining whether old or new standards are applicable.

For any enquiry or assistance needed regarding the above-mentioned or any other advice on all roof and general building insulation products in South Africa, contact

the industry-recognised experts, D&D Roof Insulations (www.roofinsulation.co.za).

With more than 30 years of experience and a presence both nationally and internationally, the company believes that it is well-equipped to guide the market with its insulation needs.

Achieving home energy efficiency

through proper insulation

Poor ceiling insulation leads to wasted energy and year-round discomfort. Discover why upgrading your loft or ceiling insulation – with the right R-value and proper installation – is one of the smartest, most effective ways to boost home energy efficiency.

Across many regions, millions of properties lack adequate insulation, leading to significant energy waste and discomfort. National initiatives are increasingly focused on helping households improve home energy efficiency. Loft /ceiling insulation is a crucial step in this drive, effectively upgrading a home's thermal performance.

Essential installation best practices for effectiveness

Insulation isn’t just about staying warm in winter – it’s just as important for keeping unwanted heat out during hot summer months. In regions with both seasonal extremes, effective insulation plays a key role in maintaining a stable indoor temperature year-round. According to an expert from a leading insulation manufacturer, proper installation is crucial to ensure insulation performs as intended and meets today’s thermal standards.

The correct R-value for performance

To achieve optimal performance, the recommended thermal resistance (R-value) for loft/ceiling insulation varies significantly depending on climatic conditions. While past standards might have been lower, contemporary recommendations often require a higher R-value to truly minimise energy transfer. This ensures homes are warmer in winter and cooler in summer, and it’s essential for homeowners to determine the appropriate R-value for their specific climate zone and house type.

Achieving maximum performance from insulation hinges on meticulous installation:

• Ensure all insulation materials are dry and in good condition before installation.

• Insulation must fit snugly between joists and around services. Even small gaps compromise performance, allowing heat to escape or enter.

• Adequate ventilation within the ceiling space is crucial to prevent moisture buildup and maintain insulation effectiveness. In certain climates, a vapour control layer may be necessary.

• If the loft/ceiling is used for storage, avoid compressing insulation by laying boards directly on top. Install a raised floor system instead, allowing the insulation to maintain its full thickness.

• Lay insulation consistently to its full, uncompressed thickness. In multi-layer installations, offset the top layer to cover joists, creating a continuous thermal blanket.

• Be mindful of hot water pipes, tanks, and electrical fittings. Insulate around and over pipes and tanks to prevent freezing.

For recessed downlights, use fire-rated covers to maintain safety clearances, as direct contact can pose a fire risk.

• Insulation’s effectiveness relies on trapped air. Never compress it, as this drastically reduces its R-value.

• Insulate the loft/ceiling hatch to the same R-value as the rest of the ceiling, as it can be a significant point of heat loss or gain.

By adhering to these best practices, homeowners can ensure their loft/ceiling insulation delivers optimal performance, significantly contributing to improved energy efficiency and enhanced comfort for their homes. For specific guidance, always consult with reputable insulation suppliers or accredited professionals.

Used bricks:

Recycle, reuse and repurpose

In line with the circular economy, the recycling and reuse of all types of building materials are gaining momentum. This brief overview specifically examines the reuse of bricks, particularly clay bricks. The author acknowledges useful insights received from the website of the Clay Brick Association of South Africa (CBASA - www.claybrick.org).

Gareth Griffiths

South African practices backed by international insights

Locally, informal builders and homeowners often salvage bricks from demolition sites, and sometimes scavengers sell them on for boundary walls, paving, or decorative projects.

Some salvage yards in major cities are beginning to supply reclaimed bricks at competitive prices, with buyers paying premiums for aesthetic appeal. Recently, however, this practice has been supported by the professional sector, which aims to recycle, reuse, and reimagine recovered materials to reduce the embodied carbon and energy footprint of building projects.

Of course, locally curated materials also reduce the cost of raw materials on a project. Internationally, countries such as the Netherlands and the UK have established formal brick-reclamation systems. Bricks are cleaned, graded, and certified, facilitating their use in new constructions and hardscape design, and supporting circular economy strategies.

The CBASA states that clay bricks, as ceramic products fired at high temperatures, can last 200 years or more. This extended lifespan makes them excellent options for recycling and reuse.

They state that property owners can repurpose bricks from existing structures—including walls, paving, and retaining features—and reuse them in new builds or applications.

In fact, reclaimed bricks frequently surpass new ones in durability and weather resistance.

Environmental as well as aesthetic benefits

Mariana Lamont, CBASA’s Executive Director, supports recycled bricks for their sustainability and style.

She emphasises that reused bricks remove the need for new resource extraction, cut emissions from manufacturing, and reduce landfill waste. Additionally, they have "character" and a pleasing “patina” attribute that appeals to homeowners looking for both beauty and environmental responsibility.

The CBASA offers practical guidance for the safe and effective reuse of bricks:

• Use stiff-bristle non-wire brushes to clean debris without damaging the surface

• Wetting bricks can cause temporary efflorescence, but this is seldom permanent.

• Avoid using harsh power tools like grinding discs or wire brushes—to preserve the bricks’ texture and prevent disfigurement.

CBASA highlights design strategies that promote reuse: keeping original façades behind new structures, reusing existing loadbearing walls with contemporary frontages, or dismantling and repurposing bricks for feature walls or pavements.

Even damaged bricks hold potential; they can be crushed and reused for road construction, embankments, or landscaping, although careful

crushing is recommended to prevent ground subsidence.

As part of a broader sustainability strategy, the CBASA is actively involved in sustainability efforts through participation in initiatives such as the EU-funded "Switch Africa Green" project. This involves promoting efficient production methods, lowering the carbon footprint, and educating industry professionals about resource-efficient design and construction practices.

Cement building blocks

Cement blocks are challenging to clean, but they are ideal for crushing and recycling into aggregate for foundations, road sub-bases, or landscaping fill. Although they are less frequently reused intact, these blocks are processed into secondary materials.

Some municipal pilot projects in Gauteng (notably Tshwane) crush demolition rubble into recycled aggregate for affordable housing foundations. This not only diverts waste from landfills but also reduces dependence on quarried stone, which is costly and environmentally harmful. A collaborative pilot with CSIR and small businesses, Key Bricks and Use-It, has created interlocking blocks from about 70% recycled waste, including crushed glass and construction demolition materials.

These blocks are cement-free, deconstructible, and designed for affordable housing, representing a promising move towards scalable circular construction (http://bit. ly/3HlqPxv) according to South Africa’s Department of Science, Technology and Innovation.

FOR GOOD M FOREVER

Genuine clay brick does not rot, tarnish, fade, rust, scuff, peel, erode or burn. It’s a natural insulator against summer heat, winter cold, humidity and noise. With timeless appeal AND impressive strength, clay brick looks beautiful for a lifetime.

Clay brick is a natural insulator against winter cold, summer heat, humidity and noise. With stylish, timeless appeal and impressive sustainability credentials - the enduring hues and textures of clay brick are low maintenance and look beautiful for a lifetime.

CBASA represents clay brick & paver manufacturers across Southern Africa. We drive inclusive, sustainable practices in the industry while supporting our local producers, builders and architects.

CBASA represents clay brick & paver manufacturers across Southern Africa and drives inclusive, sustainable practices in the industry. We inspire energy-efficient, contemporary architecture and paving that supports our local producers, builders and architects.

CUT COOLING & HEATING COSTS

CUT COOLING & HEATING COSTS

Download free technical & construction guides at www.claybrick.org

Download free technical & construction guides for clay bricks & pavers at www.claybrick.org

Durable flooring solution

for citrus exporter

In the Eastern Cape, Wisteria Farm, a citrus exporter dedicated to supplying high-quality fruit to international markets, has recently completed an essential infrastructure upgrade by using a specialised hard-wearing coating on the floors.

Sika

The packhouse floor coating creates a more sanitary working environment and helps extend the floor's lifespan by withstanding daily operational stresses.

This improvement was driven by the farm’s need for easy-to-clean and protective flooring to meet strict hygiene standards required for handling and exporting citrus. The packhouse floor coating creates a more sanitary working environment and helps

extend the floor’s lifespan and withstand daily operational stresses. The substrate was prepared through mechanical surface treatment to achieve the desired profile and ensure optimal adhesion. The initial coat was diluted with 5% water to improve substrate penetration and bonding performance. The finished system provides a seamless, durable, and chemically resistant surface,

ideal for the strict hygiene and maintenance requirements of food processing and packaging environments.

Sika’s Sikafloor® Garage is specially designed for environments like this, combining aesthetics, performance, and compliance with food industry standards. Its quick installation and minimal downtime made it the ideal choice for Wisteria Farm’s operational schedule.

This successful application shows how specialised solutions continue to support South Africa’s agricultural and export sectors by delivering products that effectively meet real-world challenges with consistency and efficiency.

Master the art of

colour in spring

Spring season 2025 invites homeowners to embrace colour with confidence. This season’s interior design trends are all about bold choices, unexpected combinations, and rich tones that breathe new life into every room.

With many South Africans refreshing their living spaces for the warmer months, now is the perfect time to explore how the right colour, applied correctly, can completely transform your home.

But knowing what’s trending is just the beginning. Selecting the right shade for your space and applying it with precision is what makes all the difference.

Before diving into a new paint project, take your time. According to Patty Mulauzi, digital and content creation manager for Plascon, the first step is to test the colour in real conditions.

“Buy a tester pot and paint a few patches on different walls. Testing in multiple areas will give you a true sense of how the colour will look once applied,” she advises.

Lighting, room size, and surrounding finishes can all affect the final look, so don’t rely on how it appears on a swatch or screen alone.

Go natural with soft neutrals and light-filled tones

Soft, serene palettes continue to play a strong role in spring 2025. Natural paint families create calming interiors, especially when used on large surfaces to showcase their full depth.

Patty recommends a beachy beige that brings warm, earthy elegance, and a subtle yellow that brightens even the dimmest corners with a gentle glow. These hues are ideal for living spaces, bedrooms, and anywhere you want to create a sense of calm and clarity.

While light shades remain popular, deep tones are making a strong return, particularly in well-lit, spacious areas. Used correctly, they offer depth, richness, and visual drama without overwhelming the room.

Patty notes that Plascon’s “jewel” tones like Showstopper and Black Beard offer mood and dimension when paired with soft neutrals. In smaller or darker rooms, however, deep hues can feel enclosed unless carefully balanced with natural light or contrasting lighter shades.

Maximalist palettes and surprising pairings

As the year unfolds, 2025 continues to lean into maximalism, encouraging decorators to mix bold accents, unexpected colour combinations, and layered textures. Patty’s recommendations include chalky neons like lime, Morning Crescent (a soft, luminous pink), mushroom and sandy tones for warmth, and crimson and plum for rich purples with character.

Even neutrals are getting an update, shifting towards whites infused with light, warm undertones that feel luminous rather than stark.

...2025 continues to lean into maximalism, encouraging decorators to mix bold accents, unexpected colour combinations, and layered textures.

Doing it

The best colour won’t shine if the paint job is sloppy. For a finish that feels professional: clean all surfaces with sugar soap, use painter’s tape to protect trim and edges, start with the ceiling to avoid drips, and apply two coats for richer coverage and better wear.

“Precision is key to achieving a flawless DIY finish,” says Patty. “Attention to detail makes all the difference.”

Spring 2025 is the season to be daring with colour. By choosing mindfully, testing thoroughly, and applying with care, your home can become a stylish reflection of your personality and a sanctuary for every season.

Timber 101:

Wood and the built environment

Timber is a highly versatile and valuable material in the South African building industry. Whether you’re involved in a large-scale development, a residential project, or detailed interior finishes such as kitchens, bedrooms, and bathrooms, timber probably has a place on your bill of quantities.

Gareth Griffiths

Gareth Griffiths and Robin Schultz

Thanks to advances in processing, engineered wood products, and sustainable forestry practices, the range of timber applications today is far greater than it was a generation ago. The variety of timber products is impressive, including cladding, laminated beams, structural timber and composite timber (such as that used for countertops).

All of these woods are durable, attractive and perform reliably when selected and used correctly. In fact, it remains a staple in many residential and light commercial projects. From wall plates to roof trusses, treated softwood (for example, various types of pine) is frequently chosen for its favourable strength-to-weight ratio, affordability, and availability. Here’s a practical overview of how timber integrates into modern construction throughout South Africa.

Engineered boards and materials

Solid timber

When it comes to construction, timber grading is far more than a technical detail; it’s a key factor in determining a structure’s load-bearing capacity and overall safety. In South Africa, timber is graded either visually or by machine, following the standards set by SANS 1783. Common structural stress grades, such as S5 and S7, help engineers and builders choose the right timber for the right purpose.

South Africa’s diverse climates, from humid coastal zones to dry inland areas, mean that proper treatment and moisture control are crucial. In regions with higher risks of decay, timber must be adequately treated with products like Tanalith C or equivalent preservatives to ensure durability and performance.

The South African Wood Preservers Society (SAWPA) is a credible and experienced industry association and a valued contributor to TO BUILD. They can be contacted for advice (https://sawpa.co.za).

Beyond solid timber, a wide range of engineered board products is available, each tailored to specific applications. These products often offer greater dimensional stability and cost-effectiveness, particularly when lower-grade timber is used as a base.

Plywood A staple in roof sheathing, wall bracing, and cabinetry carcasses. It’s durable, holds screws well, and handles moisture better than many composite boards when sealed correctly.

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

OSB is making headway locally as a structural sheathing and flooring option. It’s economical and has good stiffness, but less water resistance than marine plywood. Best suited for dry interiors or protected assemblies.

MDF/Supawood MDF (medium-density fibreboard) is popular for interior joinery, cupboards, wall panelling, and doors. Providing a smooth finish for painting and veneering, it must, however, be kept away from damp. Various moisture-resistant variants are available.

Particle boarda.k.a. chipboard

Hardboard

Commonly used in kitchen units and built-in cupboards. While affordable, it lacks strength and can swell if exposed to moisture. Melamine-faced chipboard is the standard for budget interiors. However, this requires proper edging and sealing when used for wet surfaces.

A thin and dense composite, used for drawer bases and cabinet back panels. It’s inexpensive and easy to work with, though limited to light-duty applications.

Laminated beams: Glulam and CLT

When strength and span are needed without shifting to steel, glulam (glue-laminated timber) offers a robust, sustainable alternative. Manufactured by bonding layers of timber under pressure, glulam beams are stronger and more dimensionally stable than solid wood, making them ideal for structural applications.

Locally, glulam and CLT (cross-laminated timber) are typically produced using SA pine, treated for use in roof beams, columns, and portal frames. These elements are commonly specified in open-plan homes,

exposed trusses, and large commercial spaces, offering structural integrity alongside architectural appeal. Additionally, curved glulam elements can be fabricated, providing design flexibility without compromising strength.

A striking example is the new timber building at the V&A Waterfront in Cape Town, where glulam was extensively used for trusses and structural support within a new exhibition pavilion. Remarkably, every timber component was expertly pre-fabricated off-site and transported to the Waterfront for assembly, with each piece fitting seamlessly into place thanks to

precise CAD design and advanced off-site manufacturing.

On the other hand, cross-laminated timber is a fast-growing ‘mainstay’ of the SA construction industry. Consisting of bonded layers placed at ninety degrees to each other (‘crossed’), CLT is an effective choice by designers even as a replacement for steel that satisfies the criteria of energy-efficient and sustainable buildings.

It is renewable and has possibly the lowest carbon content of any commercially available building material. It can be visually pleasing and has the additional qualities

CHOOSE THE CORRECT PRESERVATIVE TREATED TIMBER FOR YOUR END APPLICATION (H classes)

H2 – Low Hazard : Inside above ground

H3 – Moderate Hazard : Outside above ground

H4 – High Hazard : Outside in ground

H5 – High Hazard : Outside in contact with heavy wet soil or in fresh water

H6 – High Hazard : Prolonged immersion in sea water

FOR MORE INFORMATION ON ANY ASPECT RELATED TO TREATED TIMBER PRODUCTS AND THE CORRECT USE OF TREATED TIMBER, OR WHERE TO CONTACT SAWPA MEMBERS, PLEASE CONTACT:

Tel: 011 974 1061 / 078 144 6213

of good thermal and acoustic qualities (designingbuildings.co.uk).

Prefabricated CLT panels reduce site work, especially wet site work, and can hugely speed up construction.

Mass

timber applications

Mass timber refers to larger structural elements made from layers of wood, offering alternatives to steel and concrete in mid-rise and larger structures.

In addition to glulam and CLT there are also nail-laminated timber (NLT) that uses nails or screws and dowel-laminated timber (DLT)

that uses wooden dowels, in the place of glue. Not widely produced in South Africa yet, they can make an exposed structural timber installation look very attractive.

Application: Timber cladding, decking and garden features

Timber cladding is a favourite on both highend residential builds and contemporary commercial projects. It adds texture, warmth, and contrast to masonry or concrete façades. It is also natural, durable and versatile.

Species commonly used for these applications in South Africa include:

• Pine - sustainably harvested, takes the

form of thermally modified and other locally treated pine varieties. Thermally modified pine is dimensionally stable and insect resistant.

• Hardwoods such as Saligna, Iroko (sourced from West Africa), and Balau (sourced from Indonesia) are prized for their durability and natural weather resistance. These properties make them ideal for timber decks, outdoor structures, and other applications where exposure to the elements demands longevity and strength.

• Eucalyptus cladocalyx (sugar-gum), a listed alien tree, is a growing-use material in South Africa when sustainably cultivated, as a replacement for previously imported tropical hardwoods mentioned above, and others (noting that SA pine is also regarded as an alien species).

over

but is used sustainably in construction. The replacement

is heavy duty at 48mm thick and engineered to last!”

Popular profiles of timber cladding include tongueand-groove, shiplap, and open-joint rainscreen designs. Proper weatherproof detailing, ventilation, and finishes (oils or stains) are key to longevity.

The variety of timber products is impressive, including cladding, laminated beams, structural timber, and composite timber

Timber in interior fit-outs: kitchens, cupboards, and surfaces

Timber and board products are the workhorses of the interior joinery, cabinet-making and shopfitting skilled trades. From laminated countertops to cabinet doors. It all depends on the desired application, suitability and cost.

Typical home applications include:

Kitchen counter tops

Butchers block

Postform tops

These are numerous options for materials of manufacture, however bear in mind, that solid hardwoods offer a premium, natural surface, but they need initial sealing and ongoing care. Ensure that the installation is done by a trusted professional, such as a member of the Kitchen Specialists Association (KSA).

Made from laminated hardwood strips, is eye-catching, strong and ideal for blocks as islands and for worktops.

Laminated surfaces onto particle board with curved corners. Affordable, easy to clean, but prone to moisture ingress if not sealed properly. Or engineered wood veneer over medium-density fibreboard: Combines real wood look with stable substrate.

Cupboards and Cabinetry Typically consisting of - Melamine-faced chipboard: Standard in residential builds; comes in a variety of finishes and colours.

Solid timber doors and frames

- Veneered MDF: Offers a more upmarket look at a lower cost than solid wood.

What would an interior be like without these? .

Decorative uses of timber/wood

Timber panelling, exposed beams, and ceiling boards bring warmth and texture to interior spaces, enhancing the aesthetic and acoustic qualities of a project. These can

be crafted from hardwoods or tongue-andgroove pine, while reclaimed timber options are gaining popularity among eco-conscious designers, offering both sustainability and cost savings.

Wood vs timber: What's the difference?

Wood originates from trees and once harvested, is used in various applications. Wood is made into timber. Hence, timber usually refers to wood that has been processed into usable building materials like beams, planks, and boards. It often suggests that the wood has been seasoned by drying and treating, then cut to specific dimensions for construction or other structural purposes.

What begins with timber in its simplest form can now result in some of the most advanced products. From the versatility of plywood, the creation of massive glulam beams, or even beautifully crafted veneer, engineered wood products offer a broad range of materials that utilise timber for increasing structural, functional, and aesthetic applications (designingbuildings.co.uk).

One of timber’s greatest advantages lies in its low embodied energy and its ability to sequester carbon. When harvested from responsibly managed forests, such as FSCcertified plantations, timber remains one of the few truly renewable building materials available.

In South Africa, plantations of pine and eucalyptus supply the majority of the structural timber market. Responsible, sustainable sourcing supports long-term viability and ensures environmental compliance. Timber waste is minimal, recyclable and can be used as fuel or allowed to biodegrade naturally.

Simply put, the global shift toward greener building practices and the reduction of embodied carbon makes timber an increasingly attractive choice for developers, architects, and homeowners alike. As the industry advances to address climate change, timber’s role in construction faces a bright, sustainable future.

Studio Masson

Studio Masson introduces BOEN engineered wood flooring – sourced, crafted and finished 100% in Europe. FSC-certified for responsible sourcing and FloorScore® Certified for healthy indoor air, BOEN offers proven sustainability and uncompromising quality. With an extensive range of sizes and colour options, BOEN sets the benchmark for precision, performance, and luxury flooring.

Showroom: 26 B Harbour Park, Paarden Eiland Road, Paarden Eiland, Cape Town

021 510 1946 heidi@studiomasson.co.za

XLAM South Africa

XLAM South Africa leads in Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) and Glulam solutions, shaping the future of sustainable construction across Africa. Our precisely engineered timber offers exceptional strength, faster building times, and superior environmental performance — empowering architects, engineers, and developers to build more sustainably.

Corner White and Tokai Road, Retreat, Cape Town

+27 (84) 661-1095 info@xlam.co.za

Wooden countertops:

The basics

Wood countertops continue to be a popular choice for homeowners as they provide a natural beauty that enhances the look and feel of any kitchen, writes Stephanie Forber, national manager of the Kitchen Specialists Association (KSA - www.ksa.co.za).

Stephanie Forbes

The KSA

Although timber countertops fell out of fashion for a period, there has been a clear rise in demand for them in recent years as the trend shifts towards matt and satin cabinet finishes rather than gloss.

Current trends encourage consumers to adopt natural and organic elements. With timber being a relatively expensive option, we are seeing it combined with other surfacing materials like quartz and porcelain. The juxtaposition of the two materials, with very different properties, enhances the sense of texture and pattern in a kitchen.

Many varieties of timber can be used, but a harder timber is better suited to a countertop application. Maple, cherry, oak, birch, walnut and teak are all common in this application.

Low-density soft timbers like wawa or pine are prone to marking and denting and will not be as durable. When choosing your timber, consider its grain and underlying colour, and how these will harmonise with the other tones in the kitchen.

Suitability

Timber countertops are not suitable for areas with high moisture, so consider carefully before installing them in a bathroom, at the kitchen sink, or in very humid environments. They should also not be placed in areas exposed to prolonged direct sunlight.

If the top is directly beneath a window or located in an area with many windows, consider applying a UV tint to the windows or installing blinds. Wood is sensitive

to extreme climates. Rapidly changing temperatures and dry conditions can cause the wood to crack and warp.

If you live in a region that gets very cold, make sure to keep the kitchen warm. Similarly, if you are in a humid area, consider using a dehumidifier to prevent excess moisture in the air.

This is still a natural product that expands and contracts according to its environment and is not exempt from showing/manifesting these changes through warping and cracking.

Exposure to high heat, such as the underside of a pan just off the stove, can cause scorch marks. There is no local repair for this. The top surface would need to be stripped and repainted with polyurethane. Sprayed lacquered surfaces are rarely successfully spot-repaired because of the distortion it causes in the reflection of the paint.

The cost of a timber countertop depends on the type of wood and its thickness. Thin countertops of 25mm or less are not recommended for timber, as they are more likely to warp and move.

Sealing and colouring the surface

No matter what type of timber your wooden countertops are, they will require maintenance. All timber tops should be correctly sealed. A polyurethane industrial paint with an industrial hardener is the best option for sealing a countertop, and no aftercare is needed if applied correctly. If necessary, the countertop can be easily re-coated by removing it and reapplying the sealant in an environmentally controlled location.

You can add a stain to enhance the colour and grain of a wood countertop, but you'll pay 5% to 10% more than you would for the same species in its natural state. You can achieve a luxurious look for less, however, by choosing a cheaper, light-coloured species (such as beech) and staining it a deep colour (like walnut).

There are various ways to make up a timber countertop: edge grain, end grain and face grain.

Edge grain is made from boards placed on their sides and glued so that the narrower

edge forms the surface (laminated). The strips may be continuous lengths with no joints or random-length pieces that are finger-jointed. This construction is ideal for large areas, such as a long kitchen counters or island top. The wood can only expand or contract in one direction, across its width, making it more stable than other wood countertops. It can also be less expensive.

End grain is when blocks of edge-grain wood are turned on end to form a grid that's glued together. End-grain butcher’s block-style tops require more wood and labour, so you’ll pay about 40% more than for edge grain. Because they’re also more prone to movement, end grain is often thicker to counteract cupping and warping. It is best suited for cutting on, as

it is gentler on knives and less likely to show blade marks. Nowadays, it is more popular for its checkerboard appearance than its functionality. To help maintain this worktop and prevent warping, one should regularly oil it with food-grade mineral oil (BP-grade as available at pharmacies) or a plant-based oil like linseed oil.

Face grain, also called flat grain or plank grain, occurs when 4- to 12-inch-wide boards are laid flat and edge-glued, creating an almost seamless surface that emphasises the wood’s natural patterns. This may reveal soft spots in the grain, making these surfaces more prone to scratches, dents, and dings. It is ideally suited for dining islands, table and bar tops — wherever you desire a finefurniture look rather than durability.

Maintenance

Many consumers mistakenly apply oil directly to water stains or marks on timber. This can cause more harm than good, as it effectively locks in moisture. When a wood polishing agent is applied to a properly sealed surface, it simply sits on top of the lacquered finish. This creates a shiny surface that attracts dust and can lead to build-up over time. If your countertop has been oiled from the start rather than sealed, it will require regular maintenance using the same method basis.

It is important to remember that matching timber can be difficult when trying to replace a top or make a repair, especially if the timber is stained. Timber ages and changes colour as it is exposed to the elements, so the newer timber will not be the same colour as the older timber, particularly if the older timber was sealed with a lacquer or oil-based product.

Timber is a natural product, so embracing its knots, grain and colour variations is important.

Additionally, if you need to add a new piece of stained timber, matching will be challenging, as each batch of timber can react differently to stain absorption and application techniques.

Over time, a wood countertop will begin to show some wear and tear. Some homeowners see these blemishes or ‘life prints’ as giving character to the counters and creating memories. It enhances the authenticity and emotional connection to the home. Timber is a natural product, so embracing its knots, grain and colour variations is important.

Respecting wood as a natural resource and caring for it properly to ensure its longevity is key – making a timber countertop an investment both functionally and aesthetically.

The heart of the

conscious home

The Internet of Things (IoT), home automation, AI, and smart consumerism are the terms defining life post 2020. To help unpack these significant changes, we turned to Thabang Byl, Buildings Segment Lead at Schneider Electric, for insights into how they shape the way we live.

Thabang Byl

While the concept of conscious consumerism isn’t new (its roots can be traced as far back as the 1820s), it has evolved dramatically alongside technology. Today, this mindset extends into nearly every aspect of daily life, including the buildings we call home.

It makes sense. Studies show that in some countries, individuals spend up to 90% of their time indoors (http://bit.ly/466js6Y).

These figures will vary by country and climate, but the bottom line is the same: we spend a significant portion of our lives indoors.

This is why the statistic from the World Economic Forum (WEF) hits home: buildings now account for nearly 40% of global energy consumption. For the eco-conscious homeowner, this is both an eye-watering fact and a powerful motivator to embrace smarter, more sustainable choices in how we design, build, and live in our homes.

The smarter home we live in As Winston Churchill aptly put it: “We shape our buildings, and afterwards our buildings shape us.”

How can we realise smarter, sustainable buildings? The answer lies in home automation and effective energy management.

It starts with visibility, the ability to access detailed, real-time insights into energy usage through systems that monitor and report consumption.

Home automation at its finest

Indeed, smart meters and IoT-based sensors become homeowners’ sixth sense, allowing them, like the ghost in the machine, to see, hear, and respond to the needs of their space. This is home automation at its finest.

These smarter, eco-conscious homes feature automation functionality such as smart thermostats that respond to room occupancy or open windows, and automated shutters that regulate indoor temperature, all helping to minimise energy waste without compromising lifestyle.

Furthermore, these intuitive, remotecontrolled apps allow homeowners to manage lighting, heating, and appliances from anywhere.

Smart systems send alerts when energy usage spikes or when an appliance has been left on unnecessarily, empowering consumers to make real-time decisions that save energy and enhance safety.

Moreover, it provides peace of mind. Homeowners no longer have to, with a jolt of shock, wonder whether the oven is still on or if the air conditioner is running. The smart, automated home will communicate this and provide the tools to take meaningful action.

The healthy home

Smart, automated homes also provide access to the wellness economy, a sibling of conscious consumerism. Interiors are not only about good looks. They are about

creating an environment that supports mental, emotional, and physical wellbeing.

From optimised indoor air quality and lighting that mimics natural daylight cycles to the precise control of temperature zones, today’s homes can truly make a difference to how we feel.

Scalable smart home technologies

Thanks to smart, scalable home technologies, conscious living no longer means compromise. You don’t have to choose between reducing your carbon footprint and living comfortably. With the right systems, you can have both.

Smart, sustainable systems must become commonplace in today’s homes. Whether it is a new build, renovation, or retrofit, we call on architects and interior designers to advocate for built-in IoT readiness. This allows homeowners to benefit from lighting and HVAC automation, eco-friendly fixtures, and fittings that meet rigorous health and environmental standards.

At Schneider Electric, we believe that our Wiser-connected home solutions (bit.ly/44wyLEU) are engineered with smart, sustainable homes in mind. They deliver efficient, smarter homes with features such as lighting, heating, shutter, and appliance control, as well as energy management.

Precision cooling

at Paserene

Samsung and Fourways Group provide a custom air conditioning solution for an iconic Franschhoek estate.

Nestled in the Franschhoek Valley, one of South Africa’s most scenic wine regions, Paserene Wine Farm stands out not only for its premium wines but also for its striking modern architecture. The tasting room, designed by Etienne Stols Architects, reflects a bold yet refined aesthetic that blends effortlessly with its natural surroundings.

This carefully considered design demanded an equally thoughtful approach to climate control. Featuring extensive glass facades that allow natural light and views of the landscape, along with a steel-framed structure with limited ceiling voids, the project team needed an air conditioning solution that could

provide consistent comfort quietly without compromising the architectural intent.

Samsung, in collaboration with Fourways Group and specialist installer Elite Eco Systems, delivered a customised solution that satisfied both the technical and visual specifications of the space.

The Samsung DVM Eco system was chosen for its high energy efficiency, compact design, and extensive piping capability. These features enabled the outdoor units to be positioned approximately 50 metres from the building, with all piping sleeved and routed underground. This maintained a clean and uninterrupted architecture, aligning with the aim of keeping all services out of sight.

The Samsung 360 Cassette units were chosen as the best indoor solution. At first, standard 4-Way Cassette units were considered; however, once the architectural team discovered the 360 Cassette, its sleek circular design immediately stood out. The units merged seamlessly into the ceiling, enhancing the modern look while providing efficient, quiet airflow.

Four 14kW 360 Cassettes were installed across two separate systems. This zoning strategy provides flexibility for different usage scenarios, such as private events in one wing, while also ensuring redundancy for continuous reliability.

The Samsung 360 Cassette units offer more than just visual appeal. Their omnidirectional airflow maintains consistent temperatures without causing uncomfortable drafts, while the inverter-driven system reduces energy consumption and operates quietly. The sleek design of the units makes them suitable for installation within the limited ceiling spaces of the building.

The entire HVAC system was designed by Pietre Louw of Elite Eco Systems, installed by the Elite team, and supplied by Fourways Group. The result is a responsive, efficient, and visually integrated climate solution that complements the form, function, and sustainability ethos of the Paserene Wine Farm project.

Samsung continues to commit to advancing architecture through intelligent, unseen innovation. This project clearly illustrates what can be accomplished when performance, sustainability, and design are aligned perfectly.

To find out more about Samsung Air Conditioning solutions, visit www.fourwaysgroup.co.za @fourways_group

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Pimp your tiny bathroom -

feel joy

The transition from grand, traditional bathrooms to the more compact, modern designs, especially in contemporary flats, did not occur suddenly. It was a slow development influenced by shifts in lifestyle, urban planning, architecture, and technology, based on a blog advisory article shared by Italtile.

Italtile

Back in the Victorian era, bathrooms were a luxury reserved for the very wealthy. Homes were grand and bathing was unhurried and could be treated as something of a ritual.

These spaces were often large, ornate, and “leisurely,” featuring oversized clawfoot tubs and ample room for an armchair or a chaise longue, a side table or two, and often, a sumptuous fireplace.

However, the rise of mass production enabled widespread indoor plumbing in the mid-1900s. Bathrooms became a standard feature rather than a luxury. But they shrank in size to accommodate growing families in smaller homes.

By the late 1950s, the grand Victorian-style bath chamber was a thing of the past, and sleeker, more functional spaces became fashionable. By the 21st century, with the widespread construction of apartments, compact bathrooms on building plans were well established.

Hence, the art of transforming a small bathroom into a space that is both functional and great-looking.

These suggestions, thanks to Italtile (www. italtile.co.za) pave the way to outfitting even the narrowest bathroom spaces to radiate timeless style and sophistication:

“Even weeny dimensions can be wonderfilled, with a sense of spaciousness, if one follows a few style-savvy suggestions”, is the blog expert's advice.

Focus on spatial planning

It’s all about smart spatial planning. Save valuable centimetres. For example:

• Sleek bathroom vanities that hug the wall

• Walk-in showers

• Corner baths instead of a freestanding tub

• Slimline toilets that are custom-designed

• Sleek bathroom basins.

Italtile recommends investing in high-end bathroom vanities that serve as storage for all your bathroom essentials, keeping countertops clutter-free and ultra-sleek. Simplicity is key when creating a peaceful space. So consider that one investment piece to elevate your small sanctuary and then layer it with additional elements such as the supplier’s Divina range.

Lighting up the small spacescreate a mood

Maybe there is plenty of natural light streaming in from built-in windows. However, the darker little bathroom ‘sanctuary’ might need a bit of a lift with clever lighting options.

• Swap harsh overhead lights with soft, layered options

• Dimmer switches

• Bathroom mirrors with built-in LED

• Wall sconces casting a warm glow

• Be washed with soft illumination.

Neat storage options

Storage is the Achilles’ heel of the small bathroom. However, wall-hung bathroom cabinets, bathroom vanities, and floating shelves will help to conquer the clutter.

Two deep, soft-close drawers will hide all your spare towels and bathroom essentials, and opting for built-in niches in your walkin shower or shower stall will optimise space use.

Design

aesthetics and materials

According to the supplier, tiles are where the magic happens - understandably so. Bathroom wall tiles in light neutral tones are always on trend. These luminous beauties will brighten the space, help reflect available light, and truly open up the area.

The supplier offers a comprehensive range of tiles, including all styles and trends - porcelain, porcelain-stone look, wood look, micro-tiles, mosaic tiles, and even micro-subway look tiles. Check it out at: http://bit.ly/4mqNbgb on the Italitile website.

Make a start

• Optimise your small bathroom floor plan

• The essentials: a toilet, sink, and bathing area, either a shower or bathtub. The challenge is arranging them to maximise space and ease of movement.

• The thoughtful use of colour sets the tone, for example, with bold accented pieces such as taps or the biophilic look.

• And most important: Work with the door swing, especially when handling major fixtures. “What is done cannot be undone” - well, not easily anyway.

Heralding green

culture change

Does green building in the business world involve changing perceptions and behaviours of building inhabitants? Of course it does. Adaptation is part of the human condition and humans occupy buildings. Earlier this year I met our writer Joanna Miller at a Green Building Council GBConnect evening in Cape Town at the AngelShack office. Once she shared her insights, the penny dropped. The optimal functioning of green building technology is only as good as the people who use it.

Gareth Griffiths Joanna Miller

You’ve designed and built a cutting-edge green building. It’s performing to spec. The occupants have moved in. Done and dusted? Not quite…

I am a change management consultant, and I help organisations to navigate the human side of transformation. This means ensuring that people are supported, engaged, and aligned during times of change. In the built environment, especially with green

buildings, this activity is essential but often missed.

At a recent Green Building Council South Africa Connect session, I offered a change management perspective on green buildings. I highlighting a critical, oftenoverlooked element, namely: the people who use the space every day. Without engaging occupants, even the most advanced building can fall short of its potential.

Without engaging occupants, even the most advanced building can fall short of its potential.

Designing more than just green efficiency

Green buildings aim to be environmentally responsible, costeffective, and people-centric. They offer healthier air, better lighting, reduced noise, improved interior designs and furniture, and biophilic design. These features are proven to support wellbeing and productivity.

In turn, these benefits translate directly into business value: fewer sick days, greater focus, stronger employee loyalty, and improved retention.

However these outcomes are only realised when occupants understand and embrace the purpose and functioning of the building. Too often, the very people the building was designed for are left out of the process.

Why occupant engagement matters

Every green building rollout has multiple stakeholders. These include its owners, designers, engineers and tenants. Alarmingly though it is the day-to-day users of the space that can play a key role in determining whether sustainability targets are achieved.

If occupants aren’t aware of energy-saving systems, climate control, or how to use recycling facilities, green building performance can falter. If they don’t feel connected to the building’s objectives, opportunities to feel connected to and proud of their workplace are lost. Engagement isn’t a “nice-to-have”. It is really an essential.

Bringing people into the process

As a change management consultant, I focus on the human side of transformation. Engaging occupants effectively can bridge the gap between design and reality. Here are some strategies to consider:

• Involve the people early. Include occupants in planning. Ask what they need to work productively. Early involvement builds buy-in.

• Communicate clearly and often. For example, explain the building’s sustainability goals and how performance is tracked. UCT’s Hasso Plattner School of Design Thinking Afrika uses a live lobby display to share real-time air, energy, and

About the writer

Joanne Miller is a change management consultant based in Cape Town, passionate about the human side of transformation. Inspired by a passion for understanding people, she says her career began in New York City in Deloitte Consulting’s Human Capital practice. She moved to American Express, supporting people and change initiatives in New York, London and Singapore, before returning to Cape Town as an independent change consultant.

“What drives me is helping people navigate change with clarity and confidence to support organisations in achieving their objectives, especially in environments where culture, space, and systems intersect” she says.

Pop Joanna Miller an email on joannamiller19@gmail.com

water usage data. Keep it simple.

• Make information accessible. Use signage, posters, or digital content to explain green features clearly and without jargon.

• Green onboarding. Introduce new employees or tenants to the building’s purpose and systems from day one.

• Building tours. Showcase green features with guided walkthroughs to build pride and appreciation.

• Appoint green champions. Empower select occupants or volunteers to advocate for sustainable behaviours and co-develop engagement initiatives.

• Gamify and incentivise. Consider competitions, recognition, or small rewards for supporting green practices.

• Link to organisational values. A good way is to align green building goals with the company’s culture, mission, and your employee value proposition.

The

future is inclusive and sustainable

Green buildings are shaping the future of the built environment. But true sustainability isn’t just about what’s designed, it’s about how it’s used. To deliver on the promise of green design and positive outcomes, we must bring occupants along on the journey. When people feel connected and empowered, buildings go beyond efficiency. Indeed, they become thriving, sustainable workplaces.

Green building and women

This feature article on change management was inspired by Women’s Month this past August.

According to the Green Building Council of South Africa (GBCSA), as the use of green building certification and implementation tools becomes more widespread, the need for professionals who understand and can implement them grows. Yet the people responsible for driving certification and leading sustainable transformation remain disproportionately male. That is a concerning situation on many levels.

The GBCSA goes on to say that increasing women’s participation in the green building value chain is about more than just “being nice to women”. Research continues to show that diverse teams in the built environment lead to more inclusive and effective decision-making. Indeed, a 2020 McKinsey report (https://bit.ly/3F7cFyS) found that companies in the top quartile for gender diversity on executive teams were 25% more likely to have above-average profitability. While this research focuses on business more broadly, its implications are highly relevant to sustainability, where solutions require both systems thinking and community understanding.

They go on to argue that women in sustainability leadership often bring perspectives that prioritise health, social equity, and longterm community impact. These are values that align closely with the principles of green building.

TO BUILD proudly acknowledgs the writer’s contribution to change management in green building, and as a woman driving progress in the field.

Natural pools:

where nature does the work

Love it or hate it, the buzz around natural pools is hard to ignore and its often coming from the bees. These pools use nature’s processes to clean and sterilise the water, offering a more eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical-laden swimming pool options.

Gareth Griffiths

Natural pools are an enchanting, chemical-free way to enjoy swimming. They replicate nature’s filtration system, using plants and natural microorganisms to purify the water, eliminating the need for harsh chemicals like chlorine and heavy metals.

Not only are they better for the environment, but natural pools are also considered to be more cost-effective in the long term.

For those intrigued by the concept, here are some basic guidelines to understand how natural pools are constructed and maintained.

The base concept

Natural pools are designed with two distinct zones to ensure a balance between cleanliness and nature’s filtration system.

The inner wall of the pool serves as a containment barrier, defining the swimming area. It’s designed to hold and protect the clean water, ensuring it remains fresh and sparkling for your use.

The outer wall, on the other hand, supports nature’s filtration process. This ring zone acts as the pool’s natural ecosystem, where aquatic plants and microorganisms work to filter the water.

Both are intentional and engineered parts of a wellbuilt natural pool, not DIY improvisations.

• Construction begins with the excavation work, as with all swimming pools.

• Along the edges of the hole, a pond liner or, more commonly, a solid wall swimming pool outer wall is built.

The outer wall

The outer wall of a natural pool plays a crucial role in the regeneration zone, where natural cleansing occurs. Unlike the inner wall, it doesn’t need to be completely watertight. Its primary function is to contain the planted filter zones and shape the contours of the pond system.

Built from materials like local stone, clay brick, or gabions, the outer wall serves as both a structural and aesthetic feature. It anchors the pool into the landscape, blending seamlessly with the garden. This design supports the natural movement of water and soil, allowing the ecosystem within the pool to thrive while visually integrating the pool with its surroundings.

The inner wall

In contrast, the inner wall is the structural core that holds and retains the clean, swimmable water. Made from reinforced concrete (gunite) or blockwork, it is lined with a durable waterproof membrane to ensure long-term integrity.

This wall defines the transition from the built space of the pool to the living water of the regeneration zone, creating a clear boundary between the two areas while maintaining a pristine swimming environment.

Together, the inner and outer walls work in harmony to create a pool that is both functional and harmonious with nature. Oh, and the pool suction cleaner can optionally work to remove settled solids in this space also, as with standard pools.

Basic instructions

Start by creating the structure of your pool using a pond liner or concrete. You can choose between a modern square shape or a flowing, organic design depending on your aesthetic preferences. The base is the foundation of your pool, so make sure it is secure and well-constructed.

Install a small pump to circulate the water between the two zones (swimming and regeneration). This helps oxygenate the water and promotes natural cleaning by maintaining the movement and balance within the ecosystem.

The outer filter zone, where natural filtration occurs, should be filled with gravel and water-loving plants such as reeds, cattails (Typha Capensis), and irises. These plants will naturally filter out impurities and keep the water crystal clear, creating a balanced and self-sustaining environment.

6 natural watertight. the blending surroundings. with waterproof

After the ecosystem has settled, dive into your beautiful, chemical-free pool and enjoy the refreshing, natural experience!

Add decorative elements like a wooden deck, rocks, or a shaded pavilion around the pool area. This not only enhances the aesthetic appeal but also provides a relaxing space to enjoy your pool in comfort.

Once your pool is complete, give it a few weeks to allow the ecosystem to stabilise. The plants and water will naturally balance, ensuring that your pool remains clean and the water pure.

Congratulations! You’ve not only built a beautiful natural pool, but you’ve also created a peaceful ecosystem that benefits both you and local wildlife. By incorporating plants and natural filtration, you’ve designed a space that’s harmonious with nature.

Bonus benefit: Natural pools help reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, making your pool an eco-friendly choice.

So, what are you waiting for? Dive in and enjoy the pure, sustainable beauty of your new oasis!

Many visitors and guests have had the pleasure of staying at Hotel Verde, officially known as “Africa’s Greenest Hotel”, located near the Cape Town International Airport. The hotel’s grounds showcase several award-winning innovations, such as beehives, a jogging path circling a genuine wetland that was reclaimed from a former dumpsite, and a stunning natural swimming pool. The entire hotel operates as carbon neutral, offering a serene and eco-friendly haven amidst the constant buzz of nearby aircraft and vehicle traffic (the buzz arising from the bees excluded!).

Outdoor and patio

furniture in SA

As a widespread product, the South African outdoor furniture market shares many core features with its global counterparts. These include a greater focus on sustainability, a growing demand for versatile and durable designs, and the rising influence of e-commerce as a distribution channel.

Gareth Griffiths

However, the South African market also displays unique characteristics influenced by its distinct and often challenging climate, a strong appreciation for local craftsmanship, and a pronounced preference for African-inspired aesthetics.

Experts say timber-based furniture plays a significant role in local manufacturing, setting it apart from the international market.

Trends in the SA market depend on prioritising the use of climateresilient materials, thoughtfully incorporating local design influences, strategically utilising e-commerce platforms, and emphasising sustainable and locally sourced products.

Designers and consumers are seeing patios, decks, and balconies as functional extensions of their homes

Usage trends

Several key factors are driving the growth of the outdoor furniture market worldwide:

Outdoor living seen as home extension:

Impact of remote work:

Expansion in the hospitality sector:

Growth in e-commerce:

Sustainable design versus cost:

There is a growing trend among designers and consumers to see patios, decks, and balconies as essential, functional extensions of their homes, rather than just optional features. This preference for so-called indoor-outdoor living often results in more elaborate and higher-value outdoor spaces.

The widespread adoption of remote work models has notably boosted residential demand. Professionals working from home are increasingly investing in their back gardens, turning them into spaces suited for both work and relaxation. These include outdoor work zones with weather-resistant desks, shade structures, and connectivity ports. Manufacturers are considering ergonomic seating, power access, and weather protection for electronics, thereby expanding product ranges beyond traditional leisure items - think thatched bomas.

The hospitality and food service industries are increasingly adapting their spaces to present outdoor living as an extension of "the home," thereby boosting demand for “open air” facilities. Given South Africa’s relatively favourable climate, this trend makes sense. The same applies to domestic homes offering AirBnB.

The swift pace of digitalisation and the rising consumer dependence on online stores are further driving alternative supply chains and market expansion.

In some households, the realisation has set in that outdoor furniture can be a once-in-a-decade investment, and that disposable cheaper furniture belongs in the past.

A significant trend is the increasing demand for eco-friendly options. This encompasses furniture crafted from recycled materials (plastics, metals), bio-based sources, and sustainably sourced wood (e.g., FSC-certified teak, eucalyptus, acacia), alongside a broader shift towards responsible manufacturing practices.

There is also a strong inclination towards organic forms, curved lines, natural materials (e.g., wood, bamboo, rattan, stone, clay), and earthy colour palettes (e.g., terracotta, sage green, warm taupe, sandy beige, charcoal grey).

Modularity and flexible designs:

There is a high demand for versatile, customisable furniture that can be easily rearranged, stacked, and stored to adapt to various spaces and occasions - especially for hospitality zones.

Low maintenance options:

Bold colours and patterns:

Outdoor fire features:

Easy-to-clean surfaces that resist staining and weathering are highly sought after, especially for commercial applications.

While natural tones remain dominant, vibrant splashes of colour, simple geometric designs, florals, and stripes are used to add personality and make visual statements. Art Deco-inspired decor is also making a comeback.

Fire pits and outdoor fireplaces remain highly popular, allowing for year-round outdoor enjoyment. Contemporary designs often include customizable options.

OUTDOOR FURNITURE

Favoured materials and their suitability for the local climate

Material selection in South Africa is heavily influenced by the country's diverse and demanding climate. Our climate is highly variable and poses significant risks to outdoor furniture, requiring specialised materials and maintenance approaches. Overall, the climate includes harsh sunlight, strong winds, heavy rain, and intense UV radiation. This combination of factors significantly impacts furniture durability and longevity.

• Wood (timber) dominates the South African furniture market, accounting for about 70% of material needs in 2020. Common types include teak, eucalyptus, acacia, pine, mahogany, redwood, and cedar.

• Metal: This category includes materials such as aluminium, stainless steel, and wrought iron.

• Rattan/wicker: Both synthetic and natural options are accessible.

• Plastic/resin: Typically recognised for being affordable, lightweight, and easy to maintain.

• Stone/Concrete: These materials are highly durable and deliver a sleek, modern appearance.

Consumables

High-performance fabrics are essential for cushions and upholstery; these include solution-dyed acrylics and polyester blends. They offer crucial properties such as UV resistance, water repellency, stain resistance, anti-bacterial features, and fire retardancy. These fabrics are designed to endure heavy use, UV exposure, and changing weather conditions, thereby maintaining their colour vibrancy and structural integrity.

Unlike international trends, South Africa clearly prefers African-inspired aesthetics. This includes bold motifs, intricate patterns, and a strong emphasis on local craftsmanship and designers. It reflects a deep-rooted desire for

A "copy-paste" design approach from global markets is less preferred. Instead, businesses should prioritise investing in local market research, potentially collaborate with local designers and manufacturers, and develop products and messaging that are specifically tailored to South Africa's culture.

Along with this, cost-effectiveness and long-term durability should also be prioritised.

Get ready

FOR THE BIG SUMMER

SA-style

To Build has researched some popular general spring guidelines that the average home DIY gardener can follow for a green summer.

Understand your climate & micro-zone It’s in the wind, goes the popular expression, but nothing could be more true than applying this to DIY gardens in any of South Africa’s diverse climates.

Bearing this in mind, we have researched some popular general spring guidelines that the average home DIY gardener can follow, whatever the weather.

Begin by pinpointing and understanding your local (‘micro’) climate. Cape Town’s diverse suburbs, for instance, can experience a different season in just one day. Generally, it is warm and dry with varying wind intensities, compared to Mpumalanga’s summer showers.

Observe your garden’s unique microclimates - sun, shade, wind, drainage - and how it has historically adapted to these. Then refine your approach to get ready for summer.

Plan early - prep and schedule wisely Begin planning and implementing early in spring. Clear out the dead matter and allow roots to establish before the intense summer heat. Stagger the planting of new stock so that blooms, vegetables, and the garden's fresh appearance can flourish throughout the season.

Mulch for moisture and soil health

Apply organic mulch, such as wood chips, straw, or bark, to retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, suppress weeds, and enrich your soil as it decomposes.

This is particularly important for arid summer climates, but areas with high rainfall and risk of nutrient leaching from excess water runoff will also benefit from the nutrient supply provided by organic matter.

Hint: Try planting in a box.

Water smart using drip, deep irrigation and early in the day

Install drip irrigation or soaker hoses to target roots and reduce waste. Water early in the morning to minimise evaporation and promote deeper soil penetration. During very hot weather, give a deep early morning soak before the worst heat hits, then maintain this routine.

Shade for sensitive and edible plants

Sensitive crops like peppers or young seedlings benefit from shade cloth coverage during intense hot spells. To sustain and enhance larger garden areas, introduce pergolas, gazebos, or deciduous shade trees (which allow winter sun penetration) to help cool things down in summer.

Finally, remember that summer heat attracts insect pests. Check underneath your plants, especially the leaves, for early signs of problems.

Use nutrients wisely - promote sustainability and soil biology

Build healthy soil by using compost, coffee grounds and ash, for a boost of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). This is achievable, as long as it is not done in excess.

Remember to layer your garden with groundcovers, nitrogen fixers, and mulch to improve climate resilience. It is wise to follow the “right plant, right place” maxim and to minimise chemical inputs, helping keep less hardy plants alive.

Finally, remember that summer heat attracts insect pests. Check underneath your plants, especially the leaves, for early signs of problems. One tip is to use neem oil, a natural vegetable oil made from the seeds of the neem tree, to deter insects, while also being known not to harm beneficial insects like ladybirds.

For helpful advice, do contact your local nursery.

To Build, Sept 2023 - https://bit.ly/45gymH2

Japi pots from Florastyle provide the perfect lightweight solution for stylish gardening

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First Flatpack Cubicle Solution in South Africa

Imagine a cubicle system that’s designed,manufactured, and delivered complete with frame and accessories—ready for hassle-free installation. From toilet cubicles and shower dividers to lockers and more, Sturdo’s flatpack solutions reduce lead times, minimise site waste, and lower installation costs. Distributed by Salvocorp South Africa Get in touch to find out more.

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Lavish Spaces is a premier interior design studio specialising in luxurious residential and commercial projects, with a strong emphasis on delivering outstanding client service. We are dedicated to creating designs of exceptional quality – tactile, beautifully crafted, and built to stand the test of time.

Our goal is to bring each client’s unique style to life and truly reflect it in their spaces. Our exceptional work has been acknowledged by The Home Channel, Home Owner Magazine, Decorex Johannesburg, and other platforms. With every milestone, we stay committed to enhancing our journey of creativity and excellence.

At Lavish Spaces, our core values underpin our success. They define our identity, set us apart from competitors, and guide our vision for the future. These values include Creativity, Innovation, Quality, Speed, Customer Service, Flexibility, and Reliability – the pillars that sustain us and fuel ongoing growth.

Every client is our most important client, as each opens the door to the next. We pride ourselves on turning often challenging journeys into enjoyable and rewarding experiences.

WITH LAVISH SPACES, INTERIOR DESIGN IS NOT JUST ABOUT SPACES BUT ABOUT CRAFTING TIMELESS STORIES.

Shumukh Design is a boutique design studio rooted in the belief that African creativity deserves a seat at the global table We are reimagining beauty, modernism, and luxury through a distinctly African lens one that celebrates heritage, evokes emotion, and tells stories through space Our interiors are where tradition meets innovation, merging timeless cultural cues with refined contemporary aesthetics With every project, we seek to honour the places and people we design for, crafting immersive environments that speak not only to style but to soul

At the core of our design ethos is intentionality each texture, form, and material is chosen with purpose We believe space has the power to shift perception, nurture identity, and elevate everyday life Through careful detailing and narrative-driven design, Shumukh Design invites you into spaces that don’t just look beautiful but feel deeply meaningful

Made with our unique plant-based binder, ECOSE® is low-carbon and low-VOC, creating healthier buildings for people and the planet. It’s been making a di erence for over 15 years, and installers love its low-dust, less-irritating properties.