International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 8, Issue 1, pp: (1-12), Month: April 2020 - September 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
The impact of air pollution on human health and Environment with mitigation Measures to reduce Air Pollution in Kabul Afghanistan Wail Mohammad Waseq Faculty of Education, Department of Biology Parwan University, Kabul, Afghanistan Authors Email Id:walimohammadwaseq@gmail.com Published on 1-April-2020
Abstract: Air pollution is a serious issue in the world, which has a significant effect on both human health and environment. There are various sources of air pollution but vehicles and industrial processes lead to the majority of air pollution. The major air pollutants element is including, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, lead and nitrogen oxides. The consequence of the exposure to these toxicant impact human health including the respiratory disorders, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system, skin diseases, and chronic diseases such as cancer. Air pollution has a negative effect on various environmental aspects which directly or indirectly affect the quality of human health by progressing of some diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, autism, retinopathy, and low birth weight. The air pollution also causes various environmental effects to the groundwater, soil, and air which result in global warming, formation of acid rain, aerosol formation and depletion of Ozone and many other effects. This review article is an attempt to discuss the updated knowledge on the threat of major air pollution on human health and environment and discuss the sources of air pollution in Kabul. Finally, come up with the practical measures and recommendations to reduces air pollution in Kabul Afghanistan. Keywords: Air pollution, Human Health, Environment, Diseases, Awareness, Kabul
I. INTRODUCTION Air pollution has been a significant problem in recent decades, having a significant toxicological effect on human health and the environment. Pollution causes ranging from small amounts of cigarettes and natural sources like volcanic activity to massive amounts of pollution from vehicle vehicles and manufacturing activities Long-term consequences of air pollution on the emergence of diseases including respiratory, inflammations, cardiac disorders and cancer are widely accepted and air pollution is linked to millions of deaths globally each year. Latest research has found a connection between male sterility and air pollution (Ghorani-Azam, Riahi-Zanjani, & Balali-Mood, 2016).The Types of Air Pollution- (indoor and Outdoor) has been effected by the atmosphere and environment in global, and regional level. The major hazards posed by indoor air pollution are critical to consider. For instance, during which a large part of the population still relies on traditional biomass fuels for cooking and heating, indoor air pollution could pose an increased health threat than outdoor pollution. Burning these fuels in a confined area generates generally high levels of smoke as well as other pollutants (Six, 1999). An airborne substance which is regarded as an air pollutant can be averse to human health and the environment. Pollutants could be in the type of particles, dust particles of liquid, or gases. They may also be natural, or man-made. It may be classified as primary or secondary pollutants. Primary emissions are usually produced directly from the process, including ash from a volcanic eruption, carbon monoxide gas from an engine from either a motor vehicle or sulphur dioxide from factories. Secondary emissions aren't explicitly emitted. Instead, as primary pollutants respond, or connect, they form in air. ozone at ground level is one infamous example of a secondary pollutant. One of several secondary emissions that cause photochemical smog. Certain pollutants could be primary and secondary: they are both explicitly produced and formed from other primary pollutants (Choudhary, Mahendra Pratap and Garg, 2015).
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