International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp: (158-164), Month: October 2021 - March 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT OF THE ELDERLY IN JARA MARA PATI NURSING HOME, BULELENG, BALI Ketut Santika Susanti1, I Putu Eka Dharma Putra2 1
Puskesmas Seririt 1, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia
2
Departement of Internal Medicine, Karya Dharma Husada Hospital, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia Email: santika1190@gmail.com
Abstract: The life expectancy of the the elderly continues to increase due to the development of medical science. It may cause the rapidly growing of elderly population. To preserve the cognitive function of the elderly become one of the most important approach to maintain their quality of life. The present study aimed to identify the contributing factors that will influence the cognitive impairment of the elderly to optimalize the approach to preserve the cognitive function. We conducted the analytic observational study using cross sectional approach. The data was collected from 35 older adults using total sampling technique in Jara Mara Pati Nursing Home, Buleleng, Bali. The cognitive function was measured by the Bahasa Version of MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) questionnaire. Hearing impairment was evaluated by the HHIE-S (Hearing Handicap Inventory for the ElderlyScreening) questionnaire. Edmonton Frail Scale was used to identify the severity of frail. While, the independency was evaluated using the ADL Barthel Index. Ten out of 35 samples (28,6%) have normal cognitive function while the other twenty five (71,4%) have from cognitive impairment. From the statistical analysis, it can be found that the gender (p = 0,030), former educational level (p = 0,000), hearing impairment (p = 0,022), and independency level (p = 0,033) will influence the cognitive function significantly. Meanwhile, the age (p = 0,465), BMI (p = 0,543), and frailty state (p = 0,101) don’t significantly influence the cognitive function. From this study, there are 25 samples (71,4%) who have cognitive impairment. We found that the gender, former educational level, hearing impairment, and the independency level are statistically significant and contribute to cognitive impairment. Keywords: cognitive, elderly, independency, hearing, frailty.
I. INTRODUCTION The life expectancy continues to increase due to the development of medical science. In last decades, there has been the rapidly growing of the elderly population. Based on the Socioeconomic Survey in 2019, the elderly population in Indonesia has reached 25,7 millions people or approximately 9,6% of the total Indonesian population. This number is predicted to increase to as much as 20% of total population and even reach 25% of the total Indonesian population by 2040 (1). To preserve the cognitive function of the elderly is really important to improve their quality of life. The cognitive function include the attention, memory, language, visuospatial ability (2). Along with the increasing of age, the elderly may experience many changes including the physical, psychological, and social function which will impact their cognitive function, thereby it will affect their quality of life (2,3). The cognitive function of elderly is influenced by many factors. On the previous study, the cognitive function of elderly was found to be affected by the former educational level, the occupation, and the social activity (2), thus it will affect to
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