International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research ISSN 2348-6988 (online) Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp: (6-13), Month: April - June 2020, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
SURVEY ON 2-TO-4 DECODER USING QUANTUM DOT CELLULAR AUTOMATA 1
Ruchita Patil, Maniram Rawat
1
Research Scholar, Electronics and Communication Engineering Dept, SRCEM, Gwalior India 2
Professors, Electronics and Communication Engineering Dept, SRCEM, Gwalior India pruchi1992@gmail.com, maniramrawatmits@gmail.com
Abstract: Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) are promising models in nanotechnology based on the single electron effects of quantum dots and molecules. The present study designs and simulates the basic elements or Combinational circuit. A 2-to-4 decoder has been designed and implemented before with the help of numbers of three-input majority voters and successfully implemented in QCA. The design and simulation of a new decoder circuit on QCA with minimum delay, area and complexity we will try to design, simulate and compare with previous designs. The design is optimized by considerably reducing the number of cell counts and QCA wire crossings. The decoder is more robust and enjoys single layer wire crossing, via clock phasing, which requires only one type of cell .we try to implement that the proposed decoder circuit performs equally well compared to existing decoder designs and performs better in case of previous coplanar decoder designs with enable input functionality in all aspects. We are study and try to design our own circuitry to overcome issue on complex relation for designing a decoder circuit remove or less wire crossing or multi layer option here we understand the last function with help of Boolean function of decoder circuit and realize in single design For This purpose we allow to choose different methodology and design techniques. We have tried to study some of decoder circuit designs on the basis of simulation results to move forward with our own designs for the purpose. QCADesigner software is used to create a detailed layout and for circuit simulation. The circuits simulated using QCADesigner. Keywords: Quantum Dot Cellular Automata, Nanotechnology, 2-to-4 decoder, QCADesigner 2.03.
I. INTRODUCTION A motivation towards nanotechnology is due to the limitations of scaling down of MOS structure in CMOS technology, because the scaling down of MOS leads to an increase in operating powers and latency. The microelectronic industry is experiencing new challenges for continuing the Moore's law [1]. Therefore, new alternatives are introduced to overcome the physical problems of CMOS [2]. Also, at the same time there are numbers of problems like short channel effects, tunneling effects etc. have been discovered, which have encouraged the need to find an alternative of CMOS technology. A quantum-dot cellular automaton (QCA) is one of the alternative nanotechnologies that are proposed to overcome such problems and take over the CMOS circuit designs. It has attained considerable worldwide attentions due to its attractive characteristics such as ultra-high speed (THz), high device density, and low power consumption of digital circuits in comparison to current CMOS technologies based circuit designs. Decoders are important digital circuit, which is generally used for addressing random access memory arrays. They can also be design in Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology at Nano-scale. Previously, a number of decoder designs have been proposed, but no one are actually efficient. QCA is a new digital system for next generation [3–4]. Majority gate [4] and Inverter cell [4] are two main primitive logic gates for circuit designs in QCA nanotechnology. Till now various QCA based logic Circuits have been implemented [4–15]. Majority gate [4] and Inverter cell [4] has desirable features to implement logic for QCA. However, still the logic is not competent and research is continuous due to the current trends of complexity, power and area constraints. Majority gate & Inverter cannot reduce the circuit complexity and maximizes the device density in QCA circuits alone. These gates are not functionally complete to design all logic circuits. The main focus of all new techniques is to reduce circuit parameters and excels these major issues.
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