International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp: (173-180), Month: October 2021 - March 2022, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
RISK FACTORS OF ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: A REVIEW Kevin Soosai1, Dewa Ayu Agus Sri Laksemi2, Ida Ayu Putri Wirawati3, Ni Luh Putu Eka Diarthini2 1
Medicine and Doctor Profession, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
3
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia Email: kevinsoosai77@gmail.com
Abstract: Anemia is characterized by a low concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia is a worldwide public health problem that affects people of all ages and has significant implications for human health, as well as social and economic development. Anemia is a common health problem among pregnant women in poor countries, with a higher prevalence than in developed countries. The impact of anemia on pregnant women causes babies to be born with low birth weight, as well as maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Identifying the factors associated with anemia is very important in controlling and preventing anemia and its adverse effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for anemia in pregnant women. This research is a literature study that uses Google Scholar, ResearchGate, NCBI, PubMed, and Web of Science as search engines. From this literature study, the results of the analysis of risk factors for anemia in pregnant women are age, education level, place of residence, type of profession, parity, gestational age, antenatal care visits, intake of iron tablet supplementation and body mass index (BMI). Based on the study conducted, there is a strong relationship between age, education level, place of residence, type of profession, parity, gestational age, antenatal care visits, intake of iron tablet supplementation and body mass index (BMI). Keywords: Anemia, Pregnant Women, Risk Factors, Social Demographic Factors.
1. INTRODUCTION As referenced by World Health Organization (WHO), anemia is portrayed as hemoglobin (Hb) levels under 12.0 g/dL in ladies and under 13.0g/dL in men. Anemia is the situation where the red platelet number or their oxygen conveying limit is missing to resolve physiologic issues and is generally taken as a hemoglobin (Hb) regard that is under two standard deviation (SD) under the middle incentive for solid composed people by age, sex, height, smokers, pregnancy status. By insinuating the pregnancy status, frailty in pregnancy is an overall medical problem. 1,2 A person's body encounters basic changes when they become pregnant. The proportion of blood in the body augments by around 20 to 30% which grows the effortlessly of iron and supplements that the body needs to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in the red platelets that passes on oxygen to various cells in the body. Considering Center of Disease Control (CDC) portrays iron deficiency as pregnancy hemoglobin under 11g/dL (Hematocrit; {Hct} ˂ 33%) in the first and third trimester and under 10.5g/dL (Hematocrit; {Hct} ˂ 32%) in the ensuing trimester. However, considering World Health Organization (WHO), they depict iron deficiency in pregnancy as Hb regards under 11gm/Dl.3,4 According to World Bank information it is clearly communicates that in the hour of 2010, the perusing of pervasiveness for paleness was 35.3 of complete people for pregnant women. In the hour of 2012, the perusing was 37% of complete people of pregnant women and it additions to 39.2% in the hour of 2014 and the latest, perusing was 42% of outright in the hour of 2016.5
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